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13852501K4abeka.com®®15724401®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®2013 HomeschoolScope & S equencePreschool through Grade Twelve6688K4 Phonicsand NumbersFifth EditionWriting & GrammarWork-textThird EditionSCIENCE Earth and SpaceSCIENCEEarth and Space´-u9!Z¨´/hL!{¨abeka.comLANGUAGE SERIES´.f¡!A¨147095016c6cabeka.com´:x>!|¨00000000Of America IIOfAmericaFourth Editionabeka.com´/h!#i¨15720103Habeka.com1-877- A Beka Book(223-5226)

Scope & SequenceContentsPreschool Two- & Three-Year-Olds 1Kindergarten Four-Year-Olds 5Five-Year-Olds 11First Grade 20Second Grade 31Third Grade 44Fourth Grade 57Fifth Grade 70Sixth Grade 85Secondary Subjects 7–12English 101Mathematics 129History & Geography 149Science & Health 168Bible 200Electives: Foreign Languages 208Keyboarding/Document Processing 213Speech 214Family & Consumer Sciences 215Art 216

PreschoolLanguage Arts: Phonics 3-Year-OldsLetters and Sounds for 3s is a beginning ABC book for three-year-olds.Each new letter is introduced by an animal alphabet friend. This animalfriend helps the child recognize the letter and learn the letter’s sound.Letters and Sounds for 3s is also designed to teach early writing skills.Children learn letter formation and practice hand-eye coordination as theytrace or glue items to letters.2- & 3-Year-OldsAdded Enrichment••Lessons featuring 12 themes includingcircus, farm, rain forest, communityhelpers, children of the world, zoo••Games involving parades, animals, playingcommunity helpers, and more (126) red indicates NEW MATERIALPhonics Skills DevelopmenthhRecognize each letter’s shape and soundMotor Skills DevelopmenthhPractice hand-eye coordination:hhTrace letter shapeshhGlue objects on letter shapehhWork puzzleshhFish with magnet on polehhToss a beanbaghhIdentify articles in a bag by touchhhZip and unzip an itemhhPlay games that include galloping, tightrope walking, bouncing a ballCreativity DevelopmenthhAnimal Alphabet Friends (26)hhRecognize letters on picture flashcardshhPractice letter name and sound with Amber Lamb puppet and feltlettershhLearn a song for each letterLanguage Arts: Language 2- & 3-Year-OldsChildren love to learn new things. With the Language Development Visuals,children develop their language and listening skills as they learn about anddiscuss God’s creation and the people and world around them. Ninety-ninetopics include science, health, safety, manners, community helpers, geography,history, family, colors, and shapes.Added Enrichment•• Corresponding poems in most lessons••Comprehension questions••Learning games••Picture flashcards (76)••Additional activities••Animal Alphabet Friends Flashcards (26) red indicates NEW MATERIALLanguage Skills DevelopmenthhDevelop language and listening skills through 99 topical studiesincluding:hhAnimals and their habitats: ants, arctic animals, bears, butterflies,birds, cats, camels, ducks, dogs, forest animals, hummingbirds,insects, jellyfish, jungle animals, koalas, ladybugs, lambs, mice,ostriches, pandas, rabbits, reptiles, underground animals, woodpeckershhCountries around the world: Canada, England, Israel, Japan,Australia, Mexico, The Netherlands, land of AfricahhHealth, safety, manners:hhGod made me, healthy bodies, kitchen safety, manners, neighborshhSenses: tasting and smelling, seeing, hearing, touchinghhTable mannershhCommunity helpers: doctor, dentist, firefighter, letter carrier,nurse, pastor, police officer, veterinarianhhCharacter development: kindness, listening, obeying quickly,being quiethhScience: apples, eggs, Edison and light bulb, flowers, garden, magnets,night, jungle, peanuts, pond, rain forest, rubber, sea, spring,fall, summer, winter, vegetables, water, wind and weather, zinniashhMiscellaneous topics: rainbow colors, What color is it?, shapes andshape pictures, astronaut, buses and boats, cars, Eskimos, family,farm, games, Here we go!, groceries, house, Indians, jelly, jam, juice,jellybeans, kindergarten, names, olives, opposites, pairs of things,quarter, quilt, reading, telephone, transportation, yarn, zipper, zooMotor Skills DevelopmenthhIncrease motor skills through language-driven activities:hhAction games such as hide-and-seek, monkey tag, jellyfish tag, and“Simon Says” (50)hhFinger plays including “Fish for Fish,” “My House,” and “The Woodpecker’sHome” (20)hhActivities involving play dough, building blocks, finger painting,puzzles, and more (85)hhColoring activities (5)hhDirected drawings (18)1Language cont. p. 2

PreschoolLanguage cont.Creativity DevelopmenthhPoems (77)hhGames involving feeding animals, pretending to help at home, findinghidden items, matching pairs, and more (88)hh237 special activities such as:hhHaving certain foods for snackshhActing out familiar storieshhBringing animals to the classroomhhHaving community helpers visit the classroomhhTaking field trips2- & 3-Year-Olds red indicates NEW MATERIALhhSongs such as “Old MacDonald’s Farm” and “Oh, Be Careful” (13)Language Arts: Poetry 2- & 3-Year-OldsFun Poems and Finger Plays, a compilation of more than 120 poems and fingerplays, includes many of the traditional poems young children have enjoyed forgenerations, together with new works in rhyme.Added Enrichment••Additional resource poems and fingerplays (21) red indicates NEW MATERIALSkills DevelopmenthhMemorize poems and finger plays (42)hhRecite in unisonhhDevelop use of appropriate expressionhhBenefit from exposure to basic literature skills such as rhyming wordshhPractice motor skillsNumbers 2- & 3-Year-OldsLearning Numbers with Button Bear is a number-recognition and coloring book especiallydesigned for two-year-olds. This text helps children to listen, follow directions,and practice hand-eye coordination as they learn number concepts 1–10.Numbers and Skills with Button Bear helps three-year-olds sharpen theirlistening skills, follow directions, and practice hand-eye coordinationas they learn number concepts 1–15. Children enjoy tracing pathways,doing dot-to-dot, and coloring large, simple forms on these skill sheets. red indicates NEW MATERIALNumbers Skills Development2-Yr.-OldshhCount from 1–25hhUnderstand number concepts 1–10:hhCounting objectshhNumber recognitionhhProper sequence23-Yr.-Olds••Review counting from 1–25hhCount from 26–30••Review number concepts 1–10hhUnderstand number concepts 11–15:hhCounting objectshhNumber recognitionhhProper sequenceNumbers cont. p. 3

PreschoolNumbers cont.Motor Skills Development2-Yr.-OldshhJump and clap a given number of timeshhMarch and hop while counting to a given numberhhColor given pictures3-Yr.-Olds••Break a piñata••Jump and clap a given number of times••March and hop while counting to a given number••ColorhhTrace and follow dot-to-dotsCreativity Development2-Yr.-Olds2- & 3-Year-Olds red indicates NEW MATERIALhhLearn each number using Button Bear puppethhCount felt objects, paper objects such as acorns, flowers, apples,leaves, points on a caribou’s antlers, money pieces, and toy animalshhApply skills and concepts in activities such as counting animals,picking apples, delivering the mail, and feeding peanuts to an“elephant” (64 games)3-Yr.-Olds••Learn each number using Button Bear puppethhPractice number recognition and concepts with puppet,felt numbers, and objectshhApply skills and concepts in activities such as placing dots on ladybug,shopping in a grocery store, delivering the mail, building a turtle shell,and gathering eggs (76 games)Bible 2- & 3-Year-OldsPreschool Bible Coloring Sheets provide a review for Bible stories that children haveheard during Bible time. These 40 coloring sheets are assigned in the Preschool Curriculumto be done during Skills Development time.Large, colorful A Beka Book Flash-a-Cards are designed to hold eachchild’s interest as he learns about God and His Son, Jesus. Selected Oldand New Testament lessons are presented using Old Testament Stories,Series 1 & 2, and New Testament Stories, Series 1 & 2.Preschoolers will also enjoy learning about the first Thanksgiving, thebirth of Christ, and Christ’s resurrection while viewing the Holiday StoriesFlash-a-Cards. At the end of the year, a cumulative review of Bible lessonswill help children remember what they have learned.Evaluation••Memory verses (not graded) red indicates NEW MATERIALLessons 174 A Beka Flash-a-CardshhOld Testament lessons (18):hhFeature biblical events and people including: Creation, Adamand Eve, Noah, Abraham, Isaac (2), Joseph, Moses, Hannah,Samuel, David (3), Elijah, Elisha and Naaman, Daniel, QueenEsther, JonahhhNew Testament lessons (22):hhInclude events in the life of Christ and some of the stories Jesustold such as Jesus’ Boyhood, Follow Me, First Miracle, Womanat Well, Nobleman’s Son, Fishing with Jesus, Jesus HealsParalyzed Man, Beside the Pool, Jesus Stills the Storm, Jairus’sDaughter, Feeding Five Thousand, Jesus Walks on Water, BlindBartimaeus, Ten Lepers, Good Samaritan, Lost Lamb, ProdigalSon, Jesus Loves the Children, Rich Young Ruler, Zacchaeus,Friends at Bethany, HeavenhhHoliday lessons (7):hhCover the First Thanksgiving, Birth of Jesus, Shepherds See theSavior, Wise Men Worship Jesus, Triumphal Entry and Last Supper,Christ’s Crucifixion and Resurrection, Jesus Appears Alive andReturns to HeavenMusic 37 songshhChoruses, holiday songs, patriotic songsMemory Work••Place stickers on verse chart after correctly reciting verse:hh2- and 3-yr.-olds: new verses (10 each)•• 3-yr.-olds: review verses (9)Prayer TimehhLearn to pray with thanksgiving3

PreschoolMusic 2- & 3-Year-Olds2- & 3-Year-OldsFun Songs for Little Ones contains 50 songs including both traditional andnewer songs young children love. The sing-along CD makes song time easyfor the teacher and enjoyable for the children. red indicates NEW MATERIALSkills Development 50 songshhReinforce letters and numbers being taughthhUnderstand message of the songhhImprove coordination by using motions to keep time with wordshhBenefit from fun activities that spark and keep interest: makingappropriate animal sounds; using hand motions; placing theirname in a songVariety of Songs to MemorizehhAnimal songs, motion songs, seasonal songshhFun songs about the alphabet, character building, colors, counting,family, and foodArts & Crafts 2- & 3-Year-OldsArts & Crafts with Button Bear has been designedto give two-year-olds delightful opportunitiesto enjoy art as they develop motor skills. Thevariety of projects, which introduces young childrento basic art and craft concepts, correlateswith academics, Bible teaching, seasons, andholidays.Child Art for 2s gives children additional artsheets emphasizing coloring skills.Added Enrichment••Child Art for 2s: coloring pages thatcoordinate with themed topics red indicates NEW MATERIALThe colorful projects in Arts & Crafts withAmber Lamb give three-year-olds delightfulopportunities to enjoy art and develop motorskills while they paint, glue, and color projectswith seasonal, biblical, and fun themes.Three-year-olds learn colors and shapes, learnhow to follow directions, and develop handeyecoordination with the projects in Child Artfor 3s. Pictures have been drawn with wide,colorful lines in simple styles with the preschoolerin mind.Added Enrichment•• Child Art for 3s:••Coloring pages that coordinate with themedtopics••Occasional poems to enhance coloring pageSkills Development2-Yr.-Olds 51 projectshhRecognize 8 colors: red, yellow, blue, green, purple, orange, black,brownhhRecognize 4 shapes: square, circle, rectangle, trianglehhApply proper colors to guided practice activitieshhReinforce Language Development topicshhColoring, gluing, taping, applying glitter3-Yr.-Olds 52 projects••Review 8 colors and 4 shapeshhAssociate groups of objects with colorshhDevelop comprehension by answering thinking questions4••Reinforce Language Development topics••Gluing, coloringhhFolding••Applying glitterTechnique Development2-Yr.-OldshhColoring in the lineshhFinger painting, sponge painting3-Yr.-Olds••Coloring in the lines, gluing, finger painting, sponge paintinghh3-D Objects

13852501K4´-u9!Z¨KindergartenLanguage Arts: PhonicsK4 Phonicsand NumbersFifth Edition Children have been introduced to someK4 concepts in preschool curriculum.ABC-123 contains brightly-colored exercises that will appeal to 4-year-oldsand reinforce their beginning phonics and reading skills.Writing with Phonics K4 provides phonics practice later in the year. red indicates NEW MATERIAL4-Year-OldsAdded Enrichment••A Beka Book games (19)••Additional games and activities (45)••Enrichment activities (37)••Guided and independent practiceactivitiesEvaluation••Oral evaluations (8) include letterrecognition, blending, and readingSkills DevelopmenthhRecognize:hhThe five vowels and their short soundshhThe 21 consonants and their soundshhThe long sounds of the five vowelshhBlend a consonant and vowel together (19 consonants)hhSound one- and two-vowel wordshhLearn these phonics rules:hhc / k rule: k goes with i and e; c goes with the other three, a, o, and uhhWhen c and k come together we say the sound only oncehhs can say “s” or “z”hhq is always followed by u; vowel sound students hear will not beshort u, but sound of vowel which follows uhhWhen a word ends in a double consonant, we say its sound onlyoncehhOne- and two-vowel words phoneticallyhhApply phonics concepts to reading:hhBlendshhOne- and two-vowel wordshhSimple sentences and storieshhLearn sight words the, a, and IhhLearn purpose of a story titlehhLearn that words ending in ’s are possessivehhKnow to:hhCapitalize letters at beginning of sentenceshhPlace period at end of sentenceshhApply phonics concepts through abundant guided and independentpractice activities including:hhLetter picture recognition and associationhhBlend and word association with picturehhSound recognitionhhDictation for developing sound recognition and spelling applicationLanguage Arts: ReadingLittle Books 1–10 and Little Owl Books (8 readers) are the basis of the K4reading program. The Little Books give children practice reading letters,words, and simple sentences. Each book is short enough to completein one or two sessions. Later, students are thrilled to be able to readsimple stories in their very own Little Owl readers.Materials••Readers (18)••Letter Picture Flashcards andBlend Practice Cards A for review red indicates NEW MATERIALSkills DevelopmenthhApply phonics sounds and ruleshhAchieve accuracyhhImprove comprehensionhhRead sight words I, a, thehhReceive differentiated instruction with ability groupinghhSuccessfully follow along with oral readers5hhBuild oral skills including:hhAccuracyhhExpressive readinghhSmoothnesshhAppropriate pacehhReview letter and sound association, blending, and words; includeapplication activities (11)hhWork on phrasing and sentence structure (2)hhUse simple sentences to make stories (8)Reading cont. p. 6

KindergartenReading cont.Readers••Little Book 1 practices 5 vowels (names and sounds); includes awritten exercise matching capital with lowercase letters••Little Book 2 practices 5 vowels, and consonants m, s, and r(names and sounds); practices blending consonants m, s, and rwith a vowel and reading a one-vowel word; includes a writtenexercise matching capital with lowercase letters, matching letterswith pictures beginning with that sound, and pictures to color••Little Book 3 reviews 5 vowels, m, r, and s; practices b and t,blending b and t with a vowel and reading one-vowel words foreach; combines these letters to read one short sentence; includesa written exercise matching capital with lowercase letters, matchingletters with pictures beginning with that sound, and picturesto color••Little Book 4 reviews 5 vowels, m, r, s, t, and b; practices f and g,blending f and g with a vowel and reading one-vowel words foreach; combines these letters to read one short sentence; includesa written exercise matching capital with lowercase letters, matchingletters with pictures beginning with that sound, and picturesto color••Little Book 5 reviews 5 vowels, f, t, b, s, and g; practices p andh, blending p and h with several vowels and reading several onevowelwords; combines these letters to read one short sentence;includes a written exercise matching capital with lowercase letters,matching letters with pictures beginning with that sound, andpictures to color••Little Book 6 reviews 5 vowels, p, f, h, b, and g; practices l and c,blending l and c with several vowels and reading several onevowelwords; combines these letters to read one short sentence;includes a written exercise matching capital with lowercase letters,matching letters with pictures beginning with that sound, andpictures to color••Little Book 7 reviews 5 vowels, c, l, p, h, and m; practices k andn, blending k and n with several vowels and reading several onevowelwords; combines these letters to read one short sentence;includes a written exercise matching capital with lowercase letters,matching letters with pictures beginning with that sound, andpictures to color••Little Book 8 reviews 5 vowels, r, l, c, n, and k; practices d and j,blending d and j with several vowels and reading several onevowelwords; combines these letters to read one short sentence;includes a written exercise matching capital with lowercase letters,matching letters with pictures beginning with that sound, andpictures to color4-Year-Olds red indicates NEW MATERIAL••Little Book 9 reviews 5 vowels, s, j, n, d, and k; practices y and v,blending y and v with several vowels and reading several one-vowelwords; combines these letters to read one short sentence; includes awritten exercise matching capital with lowercase letters, matching letterswith pictures beginning with that sound, and pictures to color••Little Book 10 reviews 5 vowels, d, j, y, v, and t; practices w and z,blending w and z with several vowels and reading several one-vowelwords; combines these letters to read one short sentence; includes awritten exercise matching capital with lowercase letters, matching letterswith pictures beginning with that sound, and pictures to color••Little Book 11 reviews 5 vowels, v, w, y, and z; practices w and z, blendingw and z with several vowels and reading many one-vowel words;combines these letters to read one short sentence including sightword the; includes a written exercise matching capital with lowercaseletters, matching words with pictures, and pictures to color••Little Book 12 reviews 5 vowels, w, x, z, and q; practices reading severalwords and short sentences including sight words a and the whichmake up two stories; includes a written exercise matching words withpictures and pictures to color••Tip and Gus are readers that include a warm-up with several one-vowelwords, a review of sight words a and the, the “z” sound for the letter ssometimes, and a story made up of one-vowel words and sight words.••The reader Tess and Bess includes a warm-up with several one-vowelwords, a review of sight words a and the, and a story made up of theseand other one-vowel words and sight words, observing new punctuation,and practicing appropriate expression••Matt the Rat includes a warm-up with several one-vowel words manyof them ending in double consonants, blending two consonants, areview of sight words I, a, and the, and a story made up of these andother one-vowel words, rhyming words, and sight words.••Pet Pete practices one- and two-vowel rules; includes several (5)exercises for phonetically marking short and long sounds in one- andtwo-vowel words and a story made up of these and other words;encourages observing new punctuation and practicing appropriateexpression••Jake practices one- and two-vowel rules; includes several (4) exercisesfor phonetically marking short and long sounds in one- and two-vowelwords and a story made up of these and other words••Dave and A Pal practice many one- and two-vowel words; eachincludes a story made up of many one- and two-vowel words6

KindergartenLanguage Arts: LanguageThe Language Development Instruction Manual and 76 accompanying pictureflashcards provide a delightful way for children to expand their language skillsas they learn new vocabulary words, increase listening skills as they hear newinformation and then answer questions, and strengthen motor skills as theyparticipate in fun games and activities. By learning about the world aroundthem, children will develop an appreciation for God’s creation.Added Enrichment••Picture flashcards (76)•4-Year-Olds• Corresponding poems in most lessons••Comprehension questions, learninggames, additional activities••Animal Alphabet Friends Flashcards (26)(optional) red indicates NEW MATERIALLanguage Skills DevelopmenthhDevelop language and listening skills through 99 topical studiesincluding:hhAnimals and their habitats: ants, arctic animals, bears, butterflies,birds, cats, camels, ducks, dogs, forest animals, hummingbirds,insects, jellyfish, jungle animals, koalas, ladybugs, lambs, mice,ostriches, pandas, rabbits, reptiles, underground animals, woodpeckershhCountries around the world: Canada, England, Israel, Japan,Australia, Mexico, The Netherlands, land of AfricahhHealth, safety, manners:hhGod made me, healthy bodies, kitchen safety, manners, neighborshhSenses: tasting and smelling, seeing, hearing, touchinghhCommunity helpers: doctor, dentist, firefighter, letter carrier,nurse, pastor, police officer, veterinarianhhCharacter development: kindness, listening, obeying quickly,being quiethhScience: apples, eggs, Edison and light bulb, flowers, garden,magnets, night, jungle, peanuts, pond, rain forest, rubber, sea,spring and fall seasons, summer and winter seasons, vegetables,water, wind and weather, zinniashhMiscellaneous topics: rainbow colors, What color is it?, shapes andshape pictures, astronaut, buses and boats, cars, Eskimos, family,farm, games, Here we go!, groceries, house, Indians, jelly, jam, juice,jellybeans, names, olives, opposites, pairs of things, quarter, quilt,reading, telephone, transportation, yarn, zipper, zooMotor Skills DevelopmenthhAction games (50), finger plays (20)hhActivities such as dress-up, puzzles, working with play dough, makingand flying a kite (85)hhColoring activities and directed drawings (23)Creativity DevelopmenthhPoems (78)hhGames about feeding animals, practicing table manners and householdchores, counting different objects, and more (87)hhAdditional activities such as identifying and associating tastes andsounds, acting out familiar stories, making apple prints, listening torecorded animal sounds (238)hhSongs (13)Language Arts: Cursive WritingKindergartners love to “write like Mom and Dad.” In the ABC Writing Tablet andWriting with Phonics, they practice tracing and then writing the lowercase lettersof the alphabet and 12 capital letters in cursive. By the end of the year, they arewriting blends and words and their own first name. red indicates NEW MATERIALSkills DevelopmenthhAchieve:hhGood writing posture, proper pencil hold, and slanted paper positionhhCareful writinghhCorrect letter placement and formationhhIncreased hand-eye coordination through tracinghhGood overall appearancehhWriting first namehhCorrectly write:hh26 lowercase letters and 12 capital lettershhBlends and one-vowel wordshhSmooth connections between difficult letter blendshhFollow step-by-step instruction using key strokes: waves, loops, ovals,mountains7

13852501K4KindergartenLanguage Arts: PoetryThe purpose of Poetry for You and Me is to acquaint children with a widevariety of good poetry through classroom recitation and memorization.Children are exposed to poetry by well-known authors such as “A GoodBoy” by Robert Louis Stevenson and “Hiding” by Dorothy Aldis.Fun Poems and Finger Plays includes simple rhymes coupled with fingeractions. Instead of singing the rhyme, the children act out the fingerplay. Finger plays have a twofold purpose: to entertain and to teachthrough play. They instruct, aid motor control and observation skills,and help the memory span. red indicates NEW MATERIAL4-Year-OldsAdded Enrichment••Poems and finger plays (94):••Build appreciation for biblicalcreation••Present and encourage goodcharacter traits••Additional resource poems and fingerplays (21)••Poetry is part of activity time whichalso includes drama (acting outchildren’s stories and nursery rhymes),music, Bible Activity book, and art.Included in daily lesson plans.Skills DevelopmenthhMemorize 22 poems, 4 finger plays, and 12 nursery rhymesincluding actions and motionshhDevelop appreciation and enjoyment of a wide variety of appealingrhymes and classic poetryhhRecite in unisonhhGain confidence performing in front of an audiencehhDevelop use of appropriate expressionhhIncrease comprehension through questions that encourage listeningand thinking skillshhIdentify with main charactershhBenefit from exposure to basic literature skills such as rhyming wordshhPractice motor skills and observation skillshhGain vocabulary enrichment such as understanding and producingrhyming words and opposite wordsNumbers´-u9!Z¨K4 Phonicsand NumbersFifth EditionIn K4, children learn to recognize and understand the concepts of numbers. Bythe end of the year, they will be able to count from 1 to 100, recognize numbers1–20, distinguish before and after numbers, and answer simple combinations.ABC-123 has practice pages that reinforce the concepts and the formation ofnumbers 1 to 20 by having children count and color familiar objects. red indicates NEW MATERIALAdded Enrichment••A Beka Book games (17)••Additional games (36)••Enrichment activities (39)••Many guided and independent practiceactivitiesNumbershhEstablish building blocks of learning numbers through objectcountinghhRecognize numbers 1–20hhRecognize concepts 1–20hhDevelop observation, listening, and motor skills through countingsounds and counting while clapping, jumping, hoppinghhCount by ones to 100hhWrite numbers 1–20hhAssociate sets of concrete objects and pictorial representationswith numbershhDevelop concepts of patterning and sequencing using colors,shapes, and numbershhConnect numbers 1–20 in sequence by dot-to-dothhComparing:hhLarger and smallerhhBefore and after 1–20hhMore or lesshhLargest and smallest 1–20hhAddition:hhRecognize symbols:h h+ (plus)h h= (equal)hhAdd 1 to 1–9 using concrete objectshhAdd number 1 to numbers 1–9:hhOrdered and in mixed orderhhHorizontal and vertical formatGeometryhhRecognize shapes: circle, square, rectangle, triangle8

KindergartenReadiness Skills4-Year-OldsReadiness Skills K4 includes pages that help develop children’s listening skills and motorcoordination through activities such as following instructions, coloring, cutting, and directeddrawing. Free art, which allows children to draw or color their own original creations on artpaper, will also help develop visual perception and motor skills. red indicates NEW MATERIALSocial & Personal Skills DevelopmenthhDevelop skills with coordinating character-building stories, includingbiblical character traits encouraging kindness, courtesy, gentleness,obedience, truthfulness, attentiveness, respect, good manners,helpfulness, cheerfulness, orderliness, diligence, dependability,thoughtfulness, self control, unselfishness, and generosityhhHealth and safety skills development:hhPromote:hhHome safety, playground safety, community safety, and recognizingand obeying simple traffic signshhPersonal hygiene, nutrition, rest, exercisehhVisual perception skills development:hhBuilds visual perception skills through:hhSeparating out items in a groupinghhManeuvering through mazeshhFinding hidden shapeshhRecognizing and reproducing missing partshhConnecting dot-to-dots, coloring by numberhhMatching sets of itemshhIncludes thinking questionshhMotor skills development:hhRefining motor skills through:hhColoringhhTracinghhCuttinghhManipulatives such as:hhPlay dough, puzzles, interlocking and building blockshhLacing cards and beadshhFollowing step-by-step instructions for directed drawing withplacement of lines and shapeshhListening skills development: learn to follow step-by-step directionshhLanguage skills development: development of vocabulary andusage—recognizing 29 sets of opposites and 14 positional words withpicture interpretationBibleLarge, colorful Flash-a-Cards are used to hold the children’s interest as they learn about Godand His Son, Jesus. Selected Old Testament stories are presented using Old Testament Stories,Series 1 & 2, and New Testament lessons use New Testament Stories, Series 1 & 2. Holiday Storiesteach the events surrounding the first Thanksgiving, the birth of Christ, and the resurrection.Evaluation••Memory verses andpassage (not graded)K4 Bible Activity Book is correlated with the Bible stories taught in the K4 Bible curriculum.These 72 activities are designed to bring Bible truths to mind again during activity time later onin the day. Activities include counting, drawing, comparing, dot-to-dot, and color by number.Some activities will be used in assembling New Testament and Old Testament story books. red indicates NEW MATERIALLessons 174 A Beka Flash-a-CardshhOld Testament lessons (18):hhFeature biblical events and people including: Adam and Eve,Noah, Abraham, Isaac (2), Joseph, Moses, Hannah, Samuel,David (3), Elijah, Elisha and Naaman, Daniel, Queen Esther, JonahhhNew Testament lessons (22):hhInclude events in the life of Christ: Jesus’ Boyhood, Follow Me,First Miracle, Woman at Well, Nobleman’s Son, Fishing with Jesus,Jesus Heals Paralyzed Man, Beside the Pool, Jesus Stills the Storm,Jairus’s Daughter, Feeding Five Thousand, Jesus Walks on Water,Blind Bartimaeus, Jesus Loves the Children, Rich Young Ruler, Zacchaeus,Friends at Bethany, Heaven, Ten Lepers; also includes somestories Jesus told such as Good Samaritan, Lost Lamb, Prodigal Son9hhHoliday lessons (7):hhCover the first Thanksgiving, Birth of Jesus, Shepherds See theSavior, Wise Men Worship Jesus, Triumphal Entry and Last Supper,Christ’s Crucifixion and Resurrection, Jesus Appears Alive andReturns to HeavenMusic 38 songshhChoruses, holiday songs, patriotic songsMemory WorkhhPlace sticker on verse chart after correctly reciting verse:hhNew verses (26) and new passage: The Lord’s PrayerBible cont. p. 10

KindergartenBible cont.Doctrinal DrillhhIncrease Bible knowledge of basic doctrines: the Bible, God, sin,salvation, heaven, assurance of salvationPrayer Time4-Year-Olds red indicates NEW MATERIALhhLearn to pray with thanksgiving for God’s creation, each other, school,parents, and countryMusicPreschool Fun Songs contains traditional songs that boys and girls have enjoyedsinging for generations—songs that are part of our rich American heritage.These songs are mixed with fun, new songs that will appeal to all children. red indicates NEW MATERIALAdded Enrichment••Activities that spark and keepinterest:••Making animal sounds••Reinforcing alphabet and numbers1–10 musically••Activities encouraging interactionand social skills••Singing poetrySkills Development 49 songshhExercise creativity acting out story in songhhDevelop motor skills through motion songshhFollow a song leader and stay together with classmates or CDVariety of Songs to MemorizehhAnimal songs, Mother Goose rhymes, songs to act out, motion songs,finger plays, songs with character-building and biblical principles,holiday songs, and other fun songsArts & CraftsArt Projects K4 provides children with 36 bright, colorful projects which includecoloring, painting, cutting, and gluing. Practicing these skills will aid in thedevelopment of small-muscle coordination. red indicates NEW MATERIALSkills & Concept Development 36 projectshhDevelop fine motor skills with:hhGluinghhColoringhhFoldinghhIncorporating moving partshhApplying glitterhhCuttinghhTracinghhIncrease listening skills through following step-by-step instructionsto complete more difficult projectshhDrawinghhWriting their namehhProjects include: animal, seasonal, and scriptural themeshhProjects promote:hhCreativity with puppetshhEncourage storytelling and dramahhRecitation of poetry and rhymeshhMaking projects that visualize songsTechnique DevelopmenthhFinger painting (5 lessons)hh3-D objects (4)hhColoring with chalk (2)hhAssembling cards and puzzles10

KindergartenLanguage Arts: Phonics K5 & AK5Students enjoy the varied activities found in Letters and Sounds K as they learnand review vowel and consonant sounds, blends, one- and two-vowel words,words with special sounds, and sentence comprehension. red indicates NEW MATERIAL5-Year-OldsAdded Enrichment••A Beka Book games (K5 18 /AK5 16)••Additional games and activities(K5 56 /AK5 59)••Enrichment activities (K5/AK5 9)Evaluation••Graded written papers to check comprehensionof concepts (19)••Oral evaluations (11; to determine individualapplication of phonics concepts in reading blendsand words)Skills DevelopmentK5••Master:••The five vowels and their short and long sounds using letter soundassociation••The 21 consonants and their sounds using letter sound association••Blend a consonant and vowel together••Sound one- and two-vowel words••Master one- and two-vowel rules••Learn and review these phonics rules:••c / k rule: k goes with i and e; c goes with the other three, a, o, andu.••When c and k come together, we say the sound only once.••s can say “s” or “z.”••q is always followed by u. Vowel sound students hear will not beshort u, but sound of vowel which follows u.••When a word ends in a double consonant, we say its sound onlyonce.hhRecognize and read 49 special sounds and clue words (specialsounds include 27 consonant blends, 5 consonant digraphs, 5 diphthongs,and 12 letters / letter groups that say a special sound)hhLearn the following rules for special sounds:hhck follows a short vowel.hhe and o say their long sound when they are only vowel at end ofshort word; y says long i when only vowel at end of short word.hhth in thick is a whisper sound and very quiet; th in this is a voicedsound and louder.hhsh and ch can come at the beginning or end of a word.hhou usually comes in the middle of a word.••Mark:••One- and two-vowel words phoneticallyhhSpecial sounds phonetically••Apply phonics concepts to reading:••Blends••One- and two-vowel words••Simple sentences and storieshhWords with special soundshhCompound wordshhApply phonics concepts to spell dictated words, including words withtwo different ending consonants (band)••Review the sight words the, a, and IhhLearn to read the sight words to, do, and of••Learn purpose of a story title••Learn that words ending in ’s are possessive••Know to:••Capitalize letters at beginning of sentences••Place period at end of sentenceshhPlace exclamation point or question mark at end of sentences••Apply phonics concepts through abundant guided and independentpractice activities including:••Letter picture recognition and association••Blend and word association with picturehhAssociate sentence with picturehhColor by letter and soundhhDecode hidden pictures through letters and sounds••Sound recognition••Dictation for developing sound recognition and spelling applicationhhWord recognition with creative drawinghhFinish the word and sentencehhOrder words correctly to finish a sentenceAdvanced K5hhAK5 students learn all of the sounds and rules that are taught inregular K5. AK5 students also learn and apply 83 additional specialsounds, including 11 suffixes and 5 prefixes (special sounds include27 consonant blends, 5 diphthongs, 9 consonant digraphs, and 75 letters/ letter groups that say a special sound)11

KindergartenLanguage Arts: Reading5-Year-OldsThe Basic Phonics Readers are twelve small readers that are an excellent introduction to reading.The stories and word pages are correlated with the phonics sounds that are presented in class,beginning with one-vowel words and then progressing to two-vowel words. Kindergartners arethrilled with how rapidly they are able to move from one reader to the next. Students will gain afirm foundation in reading and develop a love for books that will last a lifetime.Materials••My Blend and Word Book containsblends, one- and two-vowel words,words with simple consonant blends anddigraphs••Readers (K5 13 readers / AK5 17 readers)••Family Fun optional readers (AK5 7)••Primary Bible Reader (AK5)••The Bridge Book (AK5 83 stories)Evaluation••K5 oral reading grades takenbi-weekly beginning secondsemester••AK5 oral reading grades takenbi-weekly beginning second sixweeks red indicates NEW MATERIALReading Skills DevelopmentK5 Readers 13 readershhRead and decode by applying phonics sounds, 47 special sounds,rules, and 12 sight words••Improve: accuracy, correct enunciation, expression, comprehensionhhStrive for: smoothness, fluency, appropriate volume, alertness topunctuation••Receive differentiated instruction with ability grouping••I Learn to Read, Book A practices 5 vowels (names and sounds);blends consonants and vowels; practices reading one-vowel words,words ending in double consonants, sight word the, and one shortsentence; includes an oral comprehension question••I Learn to Read, Book B practices 5 vowels, blending consonants andvowels, reading one-vowel words, sight word a, phrases, and severalshort sentences; practices use of apostrophes, words ending in twodifferent consonants, and the “z” sound for the letter s sometimes;includes observing new punctuation and practicing appropriateexpression; includes oral comprehension questions••I Learn to Read, Book C practices blends, reading one-vowel words,sight word to and several short sentences; includes observing newpunctuation, practicing appropriate expression, and answering oralcomprehension questions••I Learn to Read, Book D practices one- and two-vowel rules, readingshort and long vowel sounds; demonstrates phonetically markedvowels; reading similar one- and two-vowel words, sight words, andseveral short sentences; includes observing punctuation and practicingappropriate expression and oral comprehension questions••I Do Read, Book 1 practices blends, adding double consonants, andblending two different consonants; contains 5 little stories readingone- and two-vowel rules, sight words, and several short sentences,use of apostrophes, two consonants; includes observing punctuation,practicing appropriate expression, and answering oral comprehensionquestions••I Do Read, Book 2 contains 9 little stories reading one- and twovowelrules, sight words including do, and several short sentences,words ending in two different consonants; includes observingpunctuation, practicing appropriate expression, and answering oralcomprehension questions••I Do Read, Book 3 contains 11 little stories reading one- and twovowelwords, sight words including I, was, of, and said, words endingin two consonants, simple compound words, and simple consonantblends found at the beginning of a word such as st in stop and bl inblock; includes observing punctuation, practicing appropriate expression,and answering oral comprehension questions••I Do Read, Book 4 contains 8 stories reading one- and two-vowel words,sight words including says, words ending in two consonants, and simplecompound words; includes observing punctuation, use of apostrophes,practicing smooth reading and appropriate expression, and answeringoral comprehension questions••I Can Read Well, Book 1 contains 12 stories with 111 different wordsreading one- and two-vowel words, sight words, words ending in twoconsonants, simple consonant blend words containing special soundssuch as fl in flake, gl in glue, bl in block, cl in clock, pl in plane, and sl insleep; developing appropriate expression, and answering oral comprehensionquestions••I Can Read Well, Book 2 contains 11 stories with 105 different wordsreading one- and two-vowel words, sight words; practices words endingin two consonants, more difficult consonant blend words containingspecial sounds such as fl in flake, gl in glue, bl in block, cl in clock, pl inplane, and sl in sleep; developing appropriate expression, and answeringoral comprehension questions••I Can Read Well, Book 3 contains 7 stories reading one- and two-vowelwords, sight words; practices words ending in two consonants, wordswith diphthongs, and many more difficult consonant blend words containingspecial sounds such as sh in ship, sm in smoke, st in stop, ay inpray, pl in plane, sw in swim, gl in glue, tr in train, fl in flake, cl in clock,squ in squeak, scr in scream, dr in drum, cr in crab, str in stream, sp inspade, spl in splash, ch in church, thr in three, tw in twins, th in thick, thin this, o in go; developing appropriate expression, and answering oralcomprehension questions••I Can Read Well, Book 4 contains 13 stories reading one- and two-vowelwords, sight words including Bible, are, they, and from, words endingin two consonants, simple compound words, words with digraphs,diphthongs, and consonant blend words containing special sounds suchas sh in ship, st in stop, ay in pray, pr in pray, pl in plane, sw in swim, glin glue, tr in train, fl in flake, cl in clock, squ in squeak, scr in scream, drin drum, cr in crab, bl in block, str in stream, sn in snack, ch in church, thrin three, tw in twins, th in thick, th in this, o in go, ow in owl, ou in out,ar in stars, ir in bird, fr in frog, ur in nurse, er in verse, ow in bowl, sc inscat, sk in skate, sp in spade, br in bride, gr in grin, oo in book, wor inworms, igh in night, or in morning; developing appropriate expressionand answering oral comprehension questions12Reading cont. p. 13

KindergartenReading cont.Additional Reader 1••Our Week contains one story divided into 7 little stories reading oneandtwo-vowel words, sight words, words ending in two consonants,words with digraphs, diphthongs, and consonant blend words containingspecial sounds (from Basic Phonics Charts 6–8) such as sh inship, st in stop, ay in pray, pr in pray, pl in plane, gl in glue, tr in train,cl in clock, sl in sleep, y in fly, dr in drum, sn in snack, ch in church, thin this, e in me, o in go, ou in out, ar in stars, ir in bird, fr in frog, ur innurse, ow in bowl, br in bride, oo in book, wor in worms, igh in night,or in morning, and more advanced words; developing appropriateexpression, and answering oral comprehension questionsAdvanced K5 Readers 17 readershhRead and decode by applying phonics sounds, 132 special sounds,rules, and 12 sight words••Improve: accuracy, correct enunciation, expression, comprehensionhhStrive for: smoothness, fluency, appropriate volume, alertness topunctuation, appropriate pace, poise••Receive differentiated instruction with ability grouping••Basic Phonics Readers (12) and Our Week (see K5)••The Little Pie includes practice words and sight words; contains onelonger story reading one- and two-vowel words, words with prefixes,suffixes, digraphs, diphthongs, and consonant blend words containingspecial sounds (from Basic Phonics Charts 6–11) including: ouin out, ow in owl, ank in bank, th in thick, ir in bird, st in stop, sh inship, sw in swim, le in little, ear in bear, ear in ear, ang in bang, ungin strung, wor in worms, or in morning, ing in king, ch in church, ongin long, igh in night, -ed in looked, wa in wash, tch in patch, sm insmoke, -es in peaches, all in ball, oo in book, o in shovel, th in this,br in bride, o in go, thr in three, dr in drum, e in me, cr in crab, ay inpray, wh in whale, -ed in played, ea in leaf, fr in frog••Jesus Helps includes practice words and sight words; contains 4stories reading one- and two-vowel words, words ending in twoconsonants, words with prefixes, suffixes, digraphs, diphthongs,and consonant blend words containing special sounds (from BasicPhonics Charts 6–13) such as pr in pray, bl in block, c in city, br inbride, igh in night, wa in wash, wh in who, ear in earth, all in ball,alk in walk, st in stop, ar in stars, -ed in wanted, -ed in played, -edin looked, sh in ship, ou in out, -ing in pointing, tr in train, gr in grin,th in thick, ing in king, ind in kind, ay in pray, ear in ear, ow in owl,oi in coin, y in fly, cr in crab, e in me, th in this, sm in smoke, oo intooth, oo in book, ong in long, oy in boy, old in gold, ey in obey, eain thread, le in little, a- in asleep, o in shovel, er in verse, ch in church,gl in glue, are in care, o in go, aw in saw, wh in whale, ow in bowl, tchin patch, a in adopt, be- in because, -er in bigger, cl in clock, fr in frog••The Big Green Bird includes practice words and sight words; containsone longer story reading one- and two-vowel words, words ending intwo consonants, words with prefixes, suffixes, digraphs, diphthongs,and consonant blend words containing special sounds such as ou inout, ow in owl, th in thick, a in banana, a- in asleep, gr in grin, ea insteak, ould in could, pl in plane, ought in thought, ir in bird, tr in train,ay in pray, igh in night, alk in walk, old in gold, oi in coin, c in city, e inme, oy in boy, wh in whale, y in baby, y in fly, all in ball, sh in ship, indin kind, or in morning, ear in ear, sk in skate, o in go, th in this, -ed inlooked, cr in crab, wor in worms, a in adopt, sm in smoke, ar in stars,st in stop, kn in knot, ew in flew, ch in church, -ed in wanted, ea inleaf; introduces these rules: when a comes in front of a word, it usuallysays “u”; when c comes before i or e it says “s” as in city••The Bridge Book contains 83 stories and poems; including readingone- and two-vowel words, practice words, compound words,advanced words; each story focuses on reading words with certaingroups of special sounds (from Basic Phonics Charts 6–13) progressingin level of difficulty from beginning sounds to more advanced5-Year-Olds red indicates NEW MATERIALwords with digraphs, diphthongs, consonant blend words, prefixes, andsuffixes, and other special sounds such as -en in sharpen, -es in peaches,c in city, au in faucet, aw in saw, ea in leaf, ea in thread, ea in steak, ie inbrownie, ey in key, ey in obey, ch in chorus, ought in thought, aught incaught, dge in fudge, al- in also, be- in because, un- in unbutton, wr inwrinkle, ould in could, air in hair, u in push, ough in enough, ou in country,arr in carry, ire in fire, a in banana, -ful in wonderful, -est in biggest, arein care, tain in mountain, ure in pure, ture in pasture, war in warm, sion intelevision, tion in nation, eigh in eight, or in sailor, ar in dollar, y in crystal,err in cherry; used intermittently throughout the school year••Primary Bible Reader contains selected passages from Scripture; studentsread Genesis 37:1–5, 18–20, 26–28; Genesis 39:1–6, 17–23; Genesis 41:1a,14–16, 28b–30, 33–40; Genesis 42:1, 2; 43:13–16; 45:1–10; Luke 23:32–46,24:1–9; Acts 1:8–11; Psalm 100; Psalm 23; and John 3:14–19; passagesinclude words with digraphs, diphthongs, prefixes, suffixes, and manyconsonant blend words containing special sounds such as ph in phone,-ly in slowly, ow in owl, -ed in played, th in this, all in ball, ch in church, drin drum, be- in because, old in gold, g in giant, e in me, br in bride, aw insaw, er in verse, -ed in wanted, ould in could, c in city, ey in obey, wh inwhale, ar in stars, a- in asleep, ear in ear, sp in spade, sl in sleep, ay in pray,th in thick, st in stop, bl in block, pr in pray, sh in ship, fl in flake, ew inflew, tw in twins, ought in thought, gr in grin, igh in night, ou in out, or inmorning, kn in knot, aught in caught, ea in thread, -ing in pointing, y in fly,oi in coin, cr in crab, ear in earth, wr in wrinkle, le in little, ing in king, ea inleaf, oo in book, thr in three, ind in kind, o in shovel, y in baby, fr in frog, trin train, ea in steak, arr in carry, pl in plane, a in adopt, a in banana, wh inwho, ch in chorus, -ed in looked, ang in bang, -en in sharpen, al- in also, oin go, or in sailor, scr in scream, tion in nation, war in warm, ir in bird, -es inpeaches, are in care, un- in unbutton, wor in worms, cl in clock, oy in boy,gl in glue, ow in bowl, ture in pasture, ank in bank, -ful in wonderful, wa inwash, -est in biggest, ure in pureOptional readers 7••Family Fun by the Lake, Book 1 contains one story divided into 3 partsreading one- and two-vowel words, advanced words to watch for: to,thank you, from, of, into; includes words ending in two consonants,practice words, digraphs, diphthongs, and consonant blend words containingspecial sounds (from Basic Phonics Charts 6–8) such as fl in flake,sp in spade, pl in plane, ay in pray, tr in train, st in stop, sw in swim, grin grin, th in thick, sh in ship, str in stream, spl in splash, cl in clock, sk inskate, sm in smoke, dr in drum, thr in three, th in this, gl in glue••Family Fun on a Hike, Book 2 contains one story divided into 4 partsreading one- and two-vowel words, advanced words to watch for: says,you, thank, do; includes words ending in two consonants, practicewords, digraphs, diphthongs, and consonant blend words containingspecial sounds (from Basic Phonics Charts 6–8) such as fl in flake, sp inspade, ay in pray, tr in train, y in fly, st in stop, br in bride, ch in church,oo in book, ir in bird, wor in worms, ow in owl, ou in out, all in ball, oo intooth, cr in crab, bl in block, oi in coin, sw in swim, gr in grin, th in thick,sh in ship, sk in skate, sm in smoke, dr in drum, th in this, gl in glue, sl insleep, sn in snack, tw in twins, squ in squeak, ank in bank, ar in stars, urin nurse, ow in bowl, igh in night, or in morning••Family Fun at the Zoo, Book 3 contains one story divided into 4 partsreading one- and two-vowel words, advanced words to watch for:onto, two, one, two, lion, tiger, monkey, they, are; includes words usingapostrophes, words ending in two consonants, practice words, digraphs,diphthongs, and consonant blend words containing special sounds (fromBasic Phonics Charts 6–11) such as oi in coin, alk in walk, ch in church,ou in out, sm in smoke, all in ball, sh in ship, ur in nurse, oo in book, thin this, ir in bird, or in morning, igh in night, gr in grin, br in bride, dr indrum, cr in crab, oy in boy, tr in train, cl in clock, ay in pray, pl in plane,ong in long, all in ball, st in stop, sl in sleep, gl in glue, th in thick, ow inowl, sc in scat, oo in tooth, thr in three, str in stream, sw in swim, ar instars, are in care, bl in block, ey in key13Reading cont. p. 14

KindergartenReading cont.Readers cont.••Family Fun on the Farm, Book 4 contains one story divided into4 parts reading one- and two-vowel words, advanced words towatch for: does, calf, mama, are, I’m, mother, from, four, said, saw,donkey, mew, hee-haw; includes words ending in two consonants,practice words, digraphs, diphthongs, suffixes, and consonantblend words containing special sounds (from Basic Phonics Charts6–11) such as ar in stars, sn in snack, oo in tooth, br in bride, dr indrum, squ in squeak, kn in knot, -ing in pointing, y in baby, ay inpray, igh in night, ow in owl, sm in smoke, ow in bowl, tr in train, yin fly, ing in king, cl in clock, fr in frog, str in stream, ou in out, th inthick, sh in ship, oo in book, ink in wink, pl in plane, spl in splash,oi in coin, all in ball, alk in walk, sp in spade, gl in glue, gr in grin,ch in church, wa in wash, -ed in wanted, fl in flake, ang in bang, a inadopt, sw in swim, -ed in looked, aw in saw, o in go, cr in crab, orin morning, ew in few, le in little, ank in bank, ey in key••Family Fun at the Beach, Book 5 contains one story divided into5 parts reading one- and two-vowel words, advanced words towatch for: are, I’m, laughed, watch, what, they, castle, have, when,was, dolphin, ocean, Jesus, love; including words ending in twoconsonants, practice words, compound words, digraphs, diphthongs,and consonant blend words containing special sounds(from Basic Phonics Charts 6–11) such as -ed in played, bl in block,ow in bowl, -ing in pointing, sk in skate, wa in wash, alk in walk, stin stop, ar in stars, -ed in wanted, th in thick, kn in knot, y in baby,er in verse, ur in nurse, pr in pray, ay in pray, oo in book, igh innight, y in fly, a in banana, ing in king, ch in church, cr in crab, gr ingrin, sm in smoke, o in go, pl in plane, le in little, -ed in looked, shin ship, wh in whale, th in this, tr in train, be- in because, ow in owl,ir in bird, sc in scat, are in care, a in adopt, gl in glue, tch in patch,fl in flake, dr in drum, ou in out, all in ball, oi in coin, or in morning,ang in bang, spl in splash, sw in swim, oo in tooth, ph in phone, thrin three, ey in obey, br in bride, e in me, str in stream, ea in thread••Family Fun in the Park, Book 6 contains one story divided into5 parts reading one- and two-vowel words, advanced words towatch for: tiny, saw, lions, monkey, were, ice; including wordsending in two consonants, practice words, compound words,5-Year-Olds red indicates NEW MATERIALdigraphs, diphthongs, prefixes, suffixes, and consonant blend wordscontaining special sounds (from Basic Phonics Charts 6–12) such as -edin looked, fl in flake, ow in bowl, y in baby, dr in drum, ear in ear, -ed inplayed, squ in squeal, ir in bird, wa in wash, tch in patch, oi in coin, ewin flew, ear in earth, oo in tooth, -ing in pointing, wh in whale, le in little,old in gold, ang in bang, wh in who, ar in stars, th in thick, st in stop, oin go, th in this, sp in spade, thr in three, ou in out, tr in train, ea in leaf,cl in clock, bl in block, cr in crab, ow in owl, sl in sleep, all in ball, sm insmoke, ch in church, oo in book, igh in night, aw in saw, sh in ship, ey inobey, scr in scream, gr in grin, ur in nurse, o in shovel, ey in key, y in fly,-er in bigger, -ly in slowly, -ed in wanted, ind in kind, be- in because, onkin honk, air in hair, pl in plane, or in morning, ink in wink, sc in scat, sk inskate, a in adopt, er in verse, fl in flake, gl in glue, ay in pray, ank in bank••Family Fun at the Play, Book 7 contains one story reading one- and twovowelwords, advanced words to watch for: great, lived, porridge, some,door, were, someone, been, voice, gone; including words ending in twoconsonants, practice words, compound words, digraphs, diphthongs,prefixes, suffixes, and consonant blend words containing special sounds(from Basic Phonics Charts 6–12) such as old in gold, ind in kind, wh inwhale, br in bride, ing in king, -ing in pointing, y in fly, sh in ship, y inbaby, -ly in slowly, cl in clock, mb in lamb, -ed in played, sn in snack, owin bowl, a- in asleep, ong in long, sl in sleep, ay in pray, or in morning,ou in out, le in little, ank in bank, pl in plane, thr in three, gr in grin, oo inbook, ch in church, dge in fudge, alk in walk, oo in tooth, st in stop, eain steak, a in adopt, th in this, ir in bird, er in verse, aw in saw, all in ball,ear in ear, ar in stars, th in thick, fr in frog, igh in night, cr in crab, earin bear, sp in spade, oi in coin, c in city, str in stream, tch in patch, sc inscat, sw in swimComprehension, Discussion, & AnalysisSkills DevelopmenthhAnswer factual comprehension questions for most storieshhAnswer inferential comprehension and discussion questions for moststories••Complete integrated phonics and reading skills exercises with progressinglevel of difficulty throughout readersLanguage Arts: LanguageA full-color set of visual illustrations, the Language Enrichment Cards, providesan interesting way to teach children the concept of opposites and the differencebetween positions such as over, under, in, and out. These visuals will help to developskills in picture interpretation and vocabulary development.Added Enrichment••Language and Skills Developmenttimes include the use of LanguageEnrichment Cards as well as activitiessuggested below. Included indaily lesson plans. red indicates NEW MATERIALLanguage Skills Development••Recognize 36 pairs of opposites and 7 positional words and pictureinterpretationVocabulary Skills DevelopmenthhRecognize similar and different itemshhMake complete statementshhGive simple analogies; use descriptive wordsCognitive Skills DevelopmenthhSolve riddles using rhyming wordshhGroup like itemshhClassify groups of words and itemshhDevelop deductive reasoninghhMake comparisonshhRecognize incorrect information14Language cont. p. 15

K5®®®®abeka.comK5KindergartenLanguage cont.Character Development••Learn basic biblical character traits such as obedience, honesty,kindness, etc., from:••Scripture applications••Maxims (traditional sayings rich in general truth) includingexplanation and application´O7\-2¨472360135-Year-Olds red indicates NEW MATERIALSocial Skills Development••Develop positive social interaction through: show and tell, sharingtime, acting out storiesLanguage Arts: Cursive WritingWriting with Phonics K is an appealing cursive writing book that is correlatedwith the phonics program. Students learn to write the letters as they learnwhat sound the letters say. Teachers appreciate the sample letters that showexactly how each letter is to be written. The “houses” help students rememberwhere each letter “lives.” Review is included along with new instruction.Students will write letters, blends, words, and even sentences.Evaluation••Written tests to evaluateformation (14) red indicates NEW MATERIALSkills Development••Achieve:••Good writing posture; proper pencil hold; slanted paper position••Careful writing••Correct letter placement and formation••Good overall appearance••Good control of fine motor skills••Writing first namehhConsistent slant of letters and words••Correctly write:••12 capital lettershhAll lowercase letters••Blends and one- and two-vowel wordshhSentenceshhSmooth connections between more difficult letter blends••Follow:••Step-by-step instruction using key strokes: retrace, slide, raindrop,candy canehhComplete guided as well as independent practice writing worksheetsLanguage Arts: PoetryThe beautifully illustrated My Favorite Kindergarten Poems introduces youngchildren to the wonderful world of poetry with familiar, enjoyable poems thatevoke laughter, paint a picture with words, and touch children’s sensitive hearts.Children learn poetry of well-known authors such as “The Swing” by Robert LouisStevenson and “What Can I Give Him?” by Christina Rossetti. Children enjoypoetry rich in visual imagery and ear-tickling rhythm and rhyme. Hearing thepoems repeated often helps in memorization. Discussing the art in this book andthe meaning of the poems helps develop a better vocabulary. red indicates NEW MATERIALAdded Enrichment•• Descriptions to enhance vocal inflection••Actions and hand motions••Demonstrations••Comprehension and discussion questionsfor deeper thinking••Biblical applications••Suggested activities such as creatinga poem using rhyming words; playingdress-up; drawing with free art; actingout poems with play dough; makingconstruction paper cardsSkills DevelopmenthhMemorize 13 lyrical poems•• Increase appreciation and enjoyment of classic poetry and whimsicalrhymes••Recite in unison••Gain confidence performing in front of an audience••Increase comprehension through:••Good expressionhhAppropriate volume••Benefit from exposure to basic literature skills••Gain vocabulary enrichment through use of terms such as••Rhyming wordshhTitle, author15

KindergartenNumbersNumbers Skills K is a colorful workbook that reinforces number conceptsand formation through 100, addition and subtraction combinations,number sequences, number words, telling time, and working withmoney. Some pages are designed to be worked together as a classwhile others are designed as independent work. red indicates NEW MATERIAL5-Year-OldsAdded Enrichment••A Beka Book games (14)••Additional games and activities (11)••Enrichment activities (19)Evaluation••Written tests (18)••Oral tests (11)••Numbers handwriting evaluation (1)Numbers•• Reinforce building blocks of learning numbers through object counting••Count by ones to 100••Compare: larger and smaller; more and lesshhRecognize numbers 1–100hhUnderstand concepts 1–100hhCount by tens, fives, and twos to 100hhWrite numbers to 100 by ones, tens, fives, twoshhRecognize and spell number words one–tenhhRecognize left from righthhRecognize and spell ordinal numbers first–tenthhhCompare: before and after 1–100; largest and smallest 1–100Addition••Understand symbols: + (plus); = (equal)hhAdd to 10 with concrete objectshhAdd number combination families 1–10:hhOrdered and in mixed orderhhHorizontal and vertical formathhSolve oral word problemshhAdd money: pennies; dimes and pennies; nickels and pennieshhUnderstand simple concept of commutationSubtractionhhIntroduction to subtractionhhRecognize symbol: – (minus)hhUnderstand subtracting one or all of a number from numbers 1–10hhWrite subtraction sentences (5 – 5 = 0)MultiplicationhhEstablish building blocks: counting by tens, fives, twosFractionshhLearn parts of a whole: one halfProblem Solving & ApplicationshhEstablish building blocks: solving oral story problemsTimehhRecognize the parts of a clock: face, hour and minute handshhRead and write time: o’clock (:00), half past (:30), quarter past (:15)hhRecognize 5-minute intervals of time: counting minutes by fiveshhRecognize months, dates, days, weeks, yearshhComplete calendar: fill in month, days of week, date, yearMeasureshhRecognize an inchhhMeasure objects more or less than an inchhhMeasure and record individual growth of students throughout the year(Growth Chart)Geometry••Recognize shapes: circle, square, rectangle, triangleNumbers WritinghhLearn formation for numbers 0–9hh Write numbers 1–100 by ones, twos, fives, tensSocial Studies cont. K5 & AK5 red indicates NEW MATERIALSocial Studies K introduces kindergartners to communityhelpers, beginnings of American history, interesting featuresof countries around the world, and simple geography. Childrenwill enjoy coloring, drawing, and completing other funactivities on the worksheet pages.Added Enrichment•• Corresponding worksheets••Maps of the world, North andSouth America, and the U.S.••Comprehension questions andquestions for deep thinking••Poems; finger plays••Additional enrichment activities red indicates NEW MATERIALCommunity Helpers 19 lessons•• In the family••In the community:16••Community helpers such as firefighter, police officer, doctor, nurse,dentist, postal employee, pastorhhSalesperson, baker, teacher, waiter or waitress, mayor, farmerSocial Studies cont. p. 17

KindergartenSocial Studies cont.America: Our Great Country 15 lessonshhIntroduction to the history of America containing:hhHistorical figures such as Christopher Columbus, the Mayflowerpilgrims, George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, George WashingtonCarverhhLandmarks and symbols: Statue of Liberty, U.S. flag, Washington,D.C., currency (“In God We Trust”)hhGlobe studies: directions—north, south, east, westhhUnited States (50), neighboring countries, 7 continents, 4 oceanshhStudy of native American culture, Alaska, and Hawaii5-Year-Olds red indicates NEW MATERIALChildren of the World 30 lessons••Learn about the landscape, location, famous landmarks, historicalpeople, and culture of 10 different countries:hhItaly, Peru, Kenya, China••Mexico, England, The Netherlands, Israel, Japan, AustraliahhGlobe studies: learn to identify 7 continents, 4 oceans, 10 countriesScienceEven at a very young age, children are curious about everything around them and askmany questions. The science text God’s World is a simple, exciting introduction toGod’s plan for the universe. Children will enjoy reading aloud from their first textbook.As the study progresses, even beginning readers will want to read the bookaloud because of its intrinsic interest. Units on themselves, the weather, seasons,seeds, animals, and the seashore all show the amazing wonders of God’s design inthis world He has created. Simple drawing and coloring activities highlight the units.Added Enrichment••Hands-on activities (58)••Activity and color sheets (19) red indicates NEW MATERIALHealth & Human Biology•• Designed by God••Parts of the body: eyes, nose, tongue, ears, skin••Safety guidelines••Growth••HygieneWeatherhhKinds of weather: sunny, cloudy, windy, hot, cold, rainyhhStorms: thunder, stay inside for safetyhhSnow: made of air, water, and dust; six points••Wind: air that moves, breeze•• Dressing appropriatelySeasons•• Spring: planting time••Summer: hot weather, plants grow••Fall: harvest time, leaves change colors••Winter: cold, resting time, snow; animals grow warm coats or sleepSeeds & Plants••Seeds grow into the plant they came from (tiny plantinside seed)••Seeds need sunshine, water, soil••Planting: farmers, animals, wind•• Seeds to eat such as corn, strawberries, beansAnimals•• God’s care••Born alive or hatch from eggs••Animal homes such as holes, nests, tunnels••Farm animals such as cows, pigs, chickens••Pets: proper care••Insects such as bumblebees, ladybugs, cricketshhSpiders: eight legs, spider homes••Zoo animals such as monkeys, bears, snakes••Snakes are reptilesSeashorehhKinds of seashores: rocky or sandy (beach)hhAnimals such as crabs, starfish, sea gulls17

KindergartenReadiness SkillsReadiness Skills K features coloring pages, mazes, directed-art pages, and otheractivities designed to aid the kindergarten child in the development of writingreadiness, hand-eye coordination, visual perception, listening and thinking skills,and good character. red indicates NEW MATERIAL5-Year-OldsAdded Enrichment••Skills Development time includesthe use of Readiness Skills K aswell as suggested activities below.Included in daily lesson plans.Social & Personal Skills••Develop good character traits including: kindness, courtesy,gentleness, obedience, truthfulness, attentiveness, respect, goodmanners, helpfulness, cheerfulness, orderliness, diligence, dependability,thoughtfulness, self control, unselfishness, and generosityhhLearn good telephone manners and how to handle emergencysituationsHealth & Safety Skills•• Learn how to be well and safe by:••Eating a balanced diet••Developing good dental care habits••Obeying traffic signs••Learning about:••Home and playground safety••Community safety and simple traffic signs••Developing good personal hygiene••Good nutrition••Getting adequate rest and exerciseVisual Perception Skills Development•• Separating out items in a grouping••Maneuvering through mazes••Finding hidden shapes••Recognizing and reproducing missing parts••Using lines and shapes to assemble a directed drawinghhRecognizing similaritieshhAssociating items with the appropriate placehhRecognizing items out of placehhCreating objects with paper foldinghhDrawing missing itemshhOrdering events in sequenceMotor Skills Development••Refining motor skills through grade-appropriate activities with increasinglevel of difficulty:••Coloring, cutting; free art (creative drawing on a blank page)••Painting, gluinghhButtoning and unbuttoning; tying shoes••Following step-by-step instructions for directed drawing with placementof lines and shapes••Manipulatives suggested include:••Play dough; puzzles; interlocking and building blocks; lacing cards;stringing beads; tracing objects and shapeshhSimple science tools such as magnets, magnifying glasses, plantingseedsListening Skills Development•• Identifying sounds••Imitating sequences of rhythms such as snapping, clapping, stomping••Listening carefully to follow oral directions••Classifying things in categorieshhSolving riddlesBibleIn K5 Bible, children will review many stories that were taught in Preschool and K4Bible, and this year they will hear additional stories. Students will learn stories aboutGod’s creation of the world and about the life of Christ while viewing beautifullyillustrated A Beka Book Flash-a-Cards. Age-appropriate applications are included ineach lesson.Evaluation••Graded memory verses andpassages red indicates NEW MATERIALLessons 362 A Beka Flash-a-CardshhSalvation Series (5 lessons)hhGenesis Series (21 lessons): Creation, Adam, Cain; Enoch, Noah,Babel; Abraham and Isaac; Jacob; JosephhhLife of Christ Series (36 lessons): First Christmas; Boyhood and EarlyMinistry of Jesus; Jesus Heals and Helps; Later Ministry of Jesus; Crucifixionand ResurrectionhhMissionary Stories (3); The First Thanksgiving18Bible cont. p. 19

KindergartenBible cont.5-Year-Olds red indicates NEW MATERIALMusic 39 songs and choruses••Choruses, holiday songs, hymns, patriotic songs include:h h 9 new hymns and songs; 14 new chorusesMemory WorkhhNew: individual verses (20) and passages (2)•• Review individual verses (8) and passage (1)Doctrinal Drill 38 questions and answers••Basic doctrines: the Bible, God, sin, salvation, heaven, assurance ofsalvation further detailed studyPrayer Time••Learn to pray with thanksgiving for God’s creation, each other, school,parents, and countryMusicSong Time for Kindergarten presents traditional, patriotic, and learning songsthat have delighted children for years and make a lively addition to the classroom.The sing-along CD makes song time easy for the teacher and enjoyablefor the children. red indicates NEW MATERIALSkills Development 43 songs•• Gain understanding of a song’s message••Exercise creativity while acting out songs with props••Define unfamiliar words••Develop:••Coordination through motions that keep time with words••Skills in following a song leader, singing out on pitch, and stayingtogether with classmates or CDhhIncludes 20 new songs••Benefit from fun activities that spark and keep interest:••Making animal sounds••Reviewing numbers and formations, vowel sounds••Singing Mother Goose rhymesVariety of Songs to Memorize•• Motion songs••Fun songs about animals, Mother Goose rhymes, toys, friends,holidays, and character-building traits••Songs to act out with props; patriotic songsArts & CraftsThe assortment of colorful projects found in Art Projects K introduces students to basicconcepts of art and gives them a variety of opportunities to color, paint, trace, draw, cut,and glue with a variety of materials. Month-by-month projects correlate with academics,Bible teaching, and the seasons and holidays. red indicates NEW MATERIALSkill & Concept Development 45 projects•• Develop fine motor skills with increasing level of difficulty through:••Gluing, coloring, folding••Incorporating moving parts••Drawing, painting, modeling, cutting, lacing••Increase listening skills through following step-by-step instructionsto complete more difficult projects19Technique Development•• Developing basic concepts of color, line, shape, and texture through:••Projects that include:••Animal, seasonal, and scriptural themes; phonics, numbers, andtelling timehhAssembling story booklets and cards••Projects that promote: safety; creativity with puppets; storytellingand drama

First GradeLanguage Arts: PhonicsLetters and Sounds 1 is a complete phonics practice seatwork book. Each phonicselement necessary for learning to read is systematically reviewed in an appealingway. The many puzzles, riddles, exercises, and illustrations are designed to teachword analysis skills, build vocabulary, and increase reading comprehension.Handbook for Reading is an invaluable teaching tool for the application of phonicsrules. The words for students to read are arranged to correlate with the sequencein which diphthongs, digraphs, consonant blends, etc., are taught. Ample practiceand thorough review help students master phonics concepts. The early introductionof short vowels allows students to read whole words, sentences, and storiesduring the first few weeks of first grade.Added Enrichment••Review games (18)••Additional games (11)Evaluation••Oral and written phonics tests (32) red indicates NEW MATERIALSkills Development•• Review: long and short vowel sounds, consonant sounds••Blend consonants with vowels••Blend special sounds with vowels••Review 47 special sounds and clue words learned in K5hhLearn and apply 85 additional special sounds and clue words:special sounds include consonant blends, diphthongs, digraphs, 11suffixes, 5 prefixes••Demonstrate ability to provide other example words that containspecial soundshhUnderstand that syllables are parts of wordshhBe able to identify root wordshhDemonstrate ability to add suffixes using the rules:hhWhen a root word ends with a single consonant and the vowelis short, the consonant is usually doubled before adding a suffixbeginning with a vowel.hhWhen a root word ends with a silent e, the e is usually droppedbefore adding a suffix that begins with a vowelhhDemonstrate ability to add prefixes to root words correctlyhhCorrectly divide words into syllables between:hhDouble consonants; root words and suffixeshhA vowel and a consonanthhTwo differing consonantshhPrefixes and root words••Master phonics rules including:•• One- and two-vowel rules: When there is one vowel in a word,it usually says its short sound. When there are two vowels ina word, the first one says its long sound and the second one issilent.••When ll, ff, or ss come at end of word, say sound of the first one;second one is silent.••c-k follows a short vowel (ex.: back)hhk-e follows a long vowel (ex.: bake)•o, u (ex.: key, cat)••Suffix -s says “s” or “z”• c / k rhyme: k comes before i and e; c before the other three—a,••Know and apply tips for learning special sounds:••“ck in duck” usually follows a short vowel; says the k sound one timeonly••“e in me” says long e sound when only vowel at end of short word••“o in go” says long o sound when only vowel at end of short word••“y in fly” says long i sound when at end of short word••“ay in pray” usually comes at end of wordh h“oi in coin” usually comes in middle of word or syllableh h“oy in boy” usually comes at end of word or syllableh h“kn in knot” comes at beginning of word or syllable; k is silenth h“gn in gnat” comes at the beginning of a word; g is silenth h“a in adopt” comes at the beginning of a word (“a” usually saysshort “u” at the beginning of any word)hhSuffix -ed can say “t” or “d,” or it can say “ed” when it comes aftert or dh h“wh in whale” says “h” when followed by oh h“tch in patch” usually follows a short vowelh h“ew” can say “oo” or long “u”hhWhen c comes before e, i, or y, it says “s”hhWhen g comes before e, i, or y, it says “j”h h“dge in fudge” usually follows a short vowelh h“wr in wrinkle” has a silent wh h“are in care” can be sounded using two-vowel ruleh h“ure in pure” can be sounded using two-vowel ruleh h“sion in television” is usually found in a word with one sh h“sion in missionary” s says “sh”; usually followed with another sh h“or in sailor” comes at end of word with two or more syllablesh h“ar in dollar” comes at end of word with two or more syllableshhApply phonics concepts to reading20

®®94951004®®First GradeLanguage Arts: ReadingFirst graders learn that there is a whole new world just waiting for them as they advance their readingskills. The early readers coordinate the reading material with the phonics concepts studentsare learning. Students move from stories with simple one- and two-vowel words to stories basedon children’s classics, giving them valuable practice in applying phonics skills. Each reader featuresdelightful, character-building selections that appeal strongly to the interests of first graders.´~*$7¨Literary Value••31 authors, including well-known writerssuch as Aesop, Christina Rossetti, RobertLouis Stevenson, and Lewis Carroll••Character-building and patriotic storythemes such as honesty, integrity, courage,kindness, industry, forgiveness, andunselfishnessMaterials•• Readers (10) containing:••Short stories and plays (204)••Poems (140)••Primary Bible Reader containingselected Scripture reading(24 lessons)Evaluation••Weekly oral reading grade red indicates NEW MATERIALReading Skills Development••Read and decode (sound out) words by applying phonics soundsand rules••Strive for increasing:••Accuracy, correct enunciation, fluencyhhPhrasing••Alertness to punctuation; good expression; comprehension••Appropriate pace for grade level••Volume; poise••Follow along as others read orally••Receive differentiated instruction with ability groupingReaders••Fun with Pets—Begins with simple one-vowel words and progressesto stories with two-vowel words••Tiptoes—39 stories and 15 poems; uses words with special soundsfrom Basic Phonics Charts 6 & 7••Stepping Stones—19 stories and 13 poems; reinforces specialsounds from Basic Phonics Charts 8 & 9••Secrets & Surprises—14 stories and 30 poems; covers Charts 8–11••The Bridge Book—9 stories and 74 poems; covers Charts 6–13••Animals in the Great Outdoors—25 stories and 6 poems; coversCharts 8–13 (Group I, Advanced Group 1 reader)••Kind & Brave—19 stories; covers Charts 10–11••Aesop’s Fables—28 stories; covers Charts 8–11••Strong & True—22 stories and 7 poems; covers Charts 12–13••Down by the Sea—16 stories and 4 poems; covers all charts; forGr. 1 at end of the year••Primary Bible Reader—24 Class Reading lessons including selectedstories and passages from Genesis, Luke, and JohnComprehension, Discussion, & AnalysisSkills Development•• Answer factual and interpretive questions for most stories and poems••Answer inferential comprehension and discussion questions••Read sight words; challenging words••Complete integrated phonics, language, and reading skills activitiessuch as:••marking short and long vowel sounds••circling special sounds••adding correct special sounds to complete words••reading clues to solve puzzles••filling in the blank with correct word / phrase to complete a sentence••matching pictures with descriptive words, phrases, or sentenceshhchoosing correct sentences for telling events in story••choosing correct picture to answer comprehension questions aboutthe storyhhnumbering pictures in correct story sequencehhmarking root words and suffixeshhidentifying parts of compound wordshhforming contractionshhmatching rhyming words; writing rhyming wordshhmatching picture with correct homonymhhreading comprehension question and circling correct answer21

First GradeLanguage Arts: LanguageDesigned for use during independent work times, the work-text Language 1 provides dailyexercises to help students increase thinking skills, improve reading comprehension, anddevelop creative writing ability. By the end of the year, students will be able to write incomplete sentences, capitalize the first word of a sentence, capitalize the days and months,place a period at the end of a sentence, know and use suffixes and prefixes, and alphabetizewords. red indicates NEW MATERIALGrammar•• Capitalization:••First word in the sentencehhDays of week and months of year••The word I••Punctuation: correctly use period at end of a telling sentence••The sentence: always begin with capital letter••Word study and diction:hhFind root wordshhAdd suffixes and prefixes to root wordshhDetermine number of syllables•• Recognize and use:hhCompound words; rhyming words••Opposite words (antonyms)hhSame-meaning words (synonyms); same-sounding words(homonyms)hhContractionshhDivide a word into syllables between:hhDouble consonantshhRoot words and suffixeshhA vowel and a consonanthhTwo consonants that are not alikehhPrefixes and root wordshhAlphabetize wordshhComprehend reading material and answer questionsCompositionhhWrite:hhInteresting sentences, paragraphshhShort narratives•• Compositions about designated topics (9)••Copying / completing sentences (49)••Writing original sentences (39)Added Enrichment•• During Seatwork:••Copy sentences (54)••Finish sentences (9)••Write original sentences (19)••Write compositions about designated topics (12)••During Science, History, and Health:••Creative writing exercises (14)Language Arts: Cursive WritingWriting with Phonics 1 is designed for use as a first-grade cursive writing worktext.Students learn the proper formation and slant of letters and the correctspacing between letters, words, and sentences. Through daily writing exercises,students will practice and review what they are learning in phonics, beginning withsingle letters and progressing to special sounds, words, and sentences.Added Enrichment••Animal booklet compilationEvaluation••Tests (31) red indicates NEW MATERIALSkills Development•• Achieve good writing position:••Sitting properly in desk••Holding pencil correctly••Slanting paper correctly••Review correct formation for all small letters, numbers 0–9, andthe 12 capital letters learned in K5hhLearn formation for remaining 14 capital letters22••Perfect writing skills for a good, overall appearance:••Forming troublesome letters correctly••Placing letters correctly on the lines••Using proper spacing between letters and words••Slanting letters properly••Writing slowly and carefully••Making smooth connections between letters, troublesome letters,blends••Using key strokes: slant, loops, tails, humps••Evaluate writing for personal improvement

First GradeLanguage Arts: Spelling & PoetryIn Spelling and Poetry 1, first graders apply the phonics concepts they arecurrently learning as they master the spelling of approximately 420 words. Mostof the words in Spelling and Poetry 1 are arranged phonetically, which teachesstudents to recognize basic spelling patterns. They will learn sight words, contractions,and abbreviations that they will encounter frequently in their readingand writing. First graders will also learn eight poems that will help them developtheir oral speaking skills while deepening their appreciation for poetry. red indicates NEW MATERIALAdded Enrichment••Spelling lists (30):••Total words (420)•• Organized by special sounds••Worksheet activities reinforce newconcepts (112)••Homework sheets include spelling listand helpful hints or special soundsfeatured in the list (30)••Spelling games (16)Evaluation••Spelling words tested in 30 of the 32phonics testsSpelling Skills DevelopmenthhMaster spelling lists including sight words, abbreviations, andcontractionshhApply spelling and phonics concepts through daily:hhTeacher-directed oral practicehhIndependent written practicehhHear spelling words used in sentences and clearly picture eachword’s meaninghhLearn to differentiate between words that sound alikehhUse spelling words in creative writing exerciseshhLearn spelling rules:hhKnow: one- and two-vowel rules; k comes before i and e; c comesbefore a, o, uhhCorrectly use at end of word:hhDouble consonants ll, ff, or sshhVowels e, o, or yhhck after a short vowel; ke after a long vowelhhDouble a consonant before adding a suffix that begins with a vowelhhDrop the silent eWorksheet Activities:••Marking special phonics soundshhMarking roots and suffixes••Completing words and sentenceshhArranging words alphabeticallyhhIdentifying misspelled words, opposites, rhyming wordshhCategorizing words by special phonics soundshhSolving word puzzles and riddles••Associating words with pictureshhMatching words with their meaninghhCombining root words and suffixes -ing, -edPoetry Skills DevelopmenthhMemorize 8 lyrical poems•••• Develop appreciation of poetry• Perform in front of an audience• Recite in unisonhhDevelop appropriate expression and volumehhImprove comprehension through thinking questionshhLearn terms such as title and author••Maintain interest and increase comprehension through added learningfeatures such as actions and hand motionsArithmeticUsing delightful themes and full-color illustrations, Arithmetic 1 presents conceptsin an orderly manner, building on prior learning and including consistent year-longreview. Concepts include counting, writing and reading numbers, place value, additionand subtraction, money, graphs, measurements, time, temperature, and fractions.Applications to real-life situations and daily thinking questions stretch the students’reasoning ability. red indicates NEW MATERIALAdded Enrichment••Thematic units: zoo, farm, ocean,spring••Introductory song and / or poem foreach unitEvaluation••Written tests (31)••Daily timed skills-developmentexercises (136)••Oral tests (31): combinations,answers, and complete instructionsfor oral tests in daily lesson plansNumbers••Recognizing numbers:••1–100hh101–1,00023••Understanding concepts:••1–100hh101–1,000••Counting:••Money••Ordinal numbers: 1–10Arithmetic cont. p. 24

First GradeArithmetic cont.Numbers cont.hhForward and backward by ones, twos, fives, and tenshhForward by twenty-fiveshhBy threes from 3 to 36hhTally markshhRoman numerals 1–10hhBy even and odd numbershhOrdinal numbers: 11–20••Writing numbers:••By ones, twos, fives, and tens to 100•• Words one–twelvehhTo 1,000hhBy threes to 36hhUsing tally marks••••Before/after••• Comparing:• Greater/less, greatest /least• By ones, twos, fives, tens• Using symbols > and < to show greater than and less thanhhBefore and after: by twos, fives, tenshhPlace value:hhIllustrating numbers and place value with objectshhUnderstanding hundreds, tens, oneshhOrdering four numbershhAddition with carryingAddition••Review of addition families 1–10hhLearn addition families 11–18hhHorizontal and vertical form••Oral or written•• Addition “twins” (concept of commutative principle)hhTimed masteryhhMissing terms••• Word problems:• OralhhWrittenhhDoubles +1hhWriting addition number sentenceshhAddends:hhColumn addition with up to five single-digit addendshhTwo- and three-digit problems without carryinghhCarrying two- and three-digit numbers with carrying to the tens’and hundreds’ placeshhMental arithmetic:hhProblems with up to 5 single-digit numbershhProblems combining single-digit addition and subtraction up to3 numbers••Adding coinsSubtraction••Recognizing symbol: – (minus)hhSubtraction families 1–18:hhVertical and horizontal form•• Written, oralhhSubtracting coinshhTimed masteryhhMissing terms red indicates NEW MATERIALhhMental arithmetic: problems combining single-digit addi tion andsubtraction up to 3 numbershhWriting subtraction number sentenceshhSubtracting:hhOne-digit problemshhTwo- and three-digit problems without borrowinghhWord problems: oral, writtenMultiplication••Building blocks:hhRepeated additionhhObjects to multiply•• Counting by twos, fives, tenshhCounting by threeshhConcept of multiplicationhhWriting a multiplication factFractionshhConcept of fractionshhBuilding blocks: equal parts••Parts of a whole:•• One halfhhOne fourth, one thirdhhParts of a group: one half, one fourth, one thirdhhComparing one half, one fourth, one thirdhhLeast to greatestProblem Solving & Applications••Building blocks: oral word problemshhWritten word problemshhSolving word problems:hhAddition, subtraction, moneyhhIllustrating story problemshhCreating story problemshhExtra facts; missing factshhChoosing the operationhhApplications:hhTemperature; timehhWeight; length; moneyhhNumber puzzles; graphshhCalendars; mapshhThinking logically: patterns; thinking caps; sequencing; clue wordsTime•• Clock: face, hour and minute hands••Reading and writing time:••O’clock (:00), half past (:30), quarter past (:15)hhQuarter till (:45)hhFive-minute intervalshhA.M. and P.M.••Calendar: months, days, date, rhymehhMeasures of time24Arithmetic cont. p. 25

First GradeArithmetic cont.Money••Recognize coin and value: penny, nickel, dime, quarter, half dollar,dollar••Count:••Pennies, dimes, nickelshhQuarters, half dollars••Add:••Pennies, dimes and pennies, nickels and pennieshhQuarters and pennies, dimes and nickelshhCount: combinations of coins, coins in mixed orderhhAdding and subtracting money••Recognize symbol: ¢ (cent)••Word problems: oral and writtenMeasures•• Word problems: oral and written••Temperature: reading and writing degrees••Length:hhInch, foot, yard, centimeter••Weight:hhOunce, poundhhComparing weightshhDozen, half dozenhhCapacity: cup, pint, quart, gallonhhPerimeter of a rectangular objectGraphing, Statistics, Probability red indicates NEW MATERIALhhGraphs:hhHorizontal bar graphs: scales by 2s, 10s, 5s, and 3shhPictographhhGraphing tally marksGeometry••Recognize shapes: circle, square, rectangle, trianglehhSymmetryhhShapes in a gridhhPerimeter of a rectangleHistory & GeographyIn My America and My World, students will learn how our country was founded andwhat our basic freedoms are. They meet several famous American patriots and takea trip across America. Good citizenship is emphasized and reading skills are developed.In addition, students will learn new patriotic songs and be introduced to majorcountries and U.S. Territories. America: Our Great Country, Children of the World,and Community Helpers are used in correlation with My America and My World.Added Enrichment••Vocabulary boxes to point out difficultwords••Activities such as:••Artistic projects•••country•• Learning foreign words and phrases• Listening to classical music• Reading stories by writers of given• Suggested creative writing topics red indicates NEW MATERIALAmerica••U.S. flag:••HistoryhhMeaning of colorshhMeaning of Pledge of AllegiancehhAmerica’s freedoms••Symbols such as:hhGreat Seal of the U.S., American eagle, Liberty Bell, Uncle Sam••Statue of Liberty, U.S. coinshhGreat U.S. documents: Declaration of Independence, Constitution,Bill of Rights••Great people of America:••Pilgrims (First Thanksgiving)••George Washington, Abraham LincolnhhPaul Revere, Benjamin FranklinhhAmerica grows by communication and travel: telephone, mail, television,radio; changes in transportation••American places such as:••Washington, D.C.hhPlymouth Rock, Fort McHenryh hWilliamsburg, Virginia; Mississippi RiverhhMount Rushmore, Yellowstone National Park, Grand Teton NationalPark, Rocky Mountains, Grand Canyon, Yosemite National Park••Patriotic songs:••“My Country, ‘Tis of Thee”••“The Star-Spangled Banner”h h“America the Beautiful”The World•• Countries and territories:••Mexico, Peru, England, The Netherlands, Israel, Italy, Kenya, China,AustraliahhVirgin Islands, Puerto Rico, Bahamas, Norway, France, Germany,Switzerland, Egypt, India, Guam, American Samoa25History & Geography cont. p. 26

First GradeHistory & Geography cont.Geography Study••Continents: North America, South America, Africa, Europe,Australia, Asia••Globe••Oceans: Atlantic and Pacific••Cardinal directions and compass rose••What is an island?hhLocation of 19 specific states in AmericahhNorth and South PoleshhHome state, neighboring stateshhThirteen original colonieshhEquatorhhGulf of Mexico, Mississippi River, Rocky Mountains, Grand Canyon,Death Valley, Great Plains, Yosemite National ParkCommunity Helpers•• Pastor••Firefighter••Doctor••Dentist••Waiter / Waitress••Postal Employee red indicates NEW MATERIAL• Teacher• Police Officer• Nurse• Farmer• Baker• MayorScienceThe colorfully illustrated science text Discovering God’s World presents God as theMaster Designer of the world around us. The studies of plants, animals, insects,energy, health, the seasons, and the five senses provide an excellent introduction toscience, with the emphasis on building student interest and augmenting students’reading skills. Hands-on activities and demonstrations also increase students’ comprehensionof basic science concepts.Added Enrichment•• Additional hands-on learning activities••Lesson activities (24)••Additional activities (47) red indicates NEW MATERIALHealth & Human Biology••Special to God: five senses and sense organshhHands: fingerprintshhHair:hhhRoot, pigmenthh•••Tongue:•h Hair types, skin, oil gland, follicleh Eyes: placement in skull; eyelids, eyelashes, tearsh Ears: outer ear, eardrum; vibrate• Nose: nostrils; sneezing• Taste buds: sour, salty, bitter, sweethhSpeaking••Skin:hhExperiencing cold, warmth••Experiencing tickles, painhhPores, “goose-bumps,” proper care of skinActivities & Demonstrations:hhComparing thumb printshhDiscovering how sound travelshhSeeing how senses work togetherEnergyhhWater: force, push, pullhhAir: wind, provides pushhhWind: moving air, forcehhSimple machines: wheels, ramps, levers•• Magnets: attract (pull), repel (push)26Activities & Demonstrations:hhMaking a balloon jethhSeeing how wheels helphhHaving a ramp racehhUsing a lever lifter••Discovering what magnets pick upAnimals••InstincthhReproduce after their kindhhBabies that are born drink mother’s milk: kangaroo, opossumhhBabies that hatch do not drink mother’s milk: frogs, tadpoles, chicks,alligators, snakes••God’s wonderful plan:••Elephants: ears, trunk, tusk••Ducks: sac of oil, webbed feet, bill••Turtles:••ShellhhJaws; land turtles, water turtleshhOwls: herbivores, carnivores, omnivores; eyes, head rotation;feathers, talonsActivities & Demonstrations:hhRaising tadpoleshhConducting the elephant ear experimenthhObserving oil on a duckScience cont. p. 27

First GradeScience cont.Insects••Importance of insectshhInsect identification: head, thorax, abdomen, six legs•• Ants: workers, queenActivities & Demonstrations:hhObserving a caterpillar change into a butterfly•• Making an insect zoo; ant farmPlantshhUses for plants: oxygen, food, medicine, buildinghhParts of the plant: roots, stem, flowers, cones, seedshhReproduce after their kindActivities & Demonstrations:hhOpening a seed••Germinating seedshhGrowing a plant from roothhWatering up a stemSeasons•• God made seasons••Winter: rest, hibernate••Spring: new life••Summer: grow••Fall: get readyhhA sunflower’s yearhhA squirrel’s yearActivities & Demonstrations:hhBringing some twigs to lifehhFinding air in water and soilhhMaking a bird feeder••Planting a bean garden red indicates NEW MATERIALHealthHealth, Safety, & Manners 1 is an interesting and attractive health reader thatintroduces first graders to the importance of good health habits and gives God theglory for the way He has designed us. Students will learn about nutrition, exercise,proper sleep habits, good posture, safety habits, and manners. Activities andchecklists help students apply good principles of health, safety, and manners. red indicates NEW MATERIALAdded Enrichment••Hands-on learning activities instudent book, Teacher Edition, anddaily lesson plans (16)••Growing Tall growth chart••Checksheets: My Health, My Safety,My MannersHealth••Growing tallhhForming good habits••Eating good foods:•• Kinds of foodshhA good breakfast, a good snack••Good eating habits:hhEating meals same time every day••Washing hands before eating••Drinking milk every day••Eating different kinds of foodhhWashing fresh fruits and vegetables before eating••Limiting sugar and candyhhTaking small bites and chewing food well••Exercising each day:hhFun exercises for children (8)••Benefits of fresh air and sunshine••Good exercise habits:••Getting exercise every day and playing outside in fresh air••Helping with work at homehhNot playing hard right after a mealhhResting from playhhGetting right amount of rest:hhGood sleeping habits:hhPre-bedtime activitieshh Wearing clean pajamashhGoing to bed early and at same time each night; sleeping untilrested; good sleeping conditions; going right to sleephhBuilding good posture:hhhGood posture habits:hh•••••Proper care for cuts•h Benefits of good postureh How to stand straight and tall; proper way to sit in a chairh Well-fitting shoes; proper walking habits• Taking care of the body:• Good skin and hair habits:• Bathing often with warm water and soap• Washing hands: before eating; after using bathroom; after playingoutside; after handling animalshhHow to dry off effectively••Shampooing dirty hairhhProper use and maintenance of your comb and brushhhKeeping pets away from your facehhKeeping fingernails and toenails clean and trimmed••Not biting fingernails••Keeping fingers out of mouth27Health cont. p. 28

First GradeHealth cont.Health cont.••Eyes:••Purpose; protectionhhGood eye-care habits:hhReading in a well-lighted placehhNot rubbing your eyeshhNot running while holding sharp thingshhProtecting eyes from sun or other bright lightshhGetting proper resthhGetting eye check-ups by a doctorhhKeeping eye glasses clean••Ears:••Protection: wax, hairshhGood ear-care habits:hhProper washing of earshhNot putting objects in earshhProtecting ears from getting hit; from cold and windhhGoing to a doctor for chronic earaches••Nose:••Purpose; protection from germs••Good health habits:•• Protecting others from your coughing or sneezing; proper useof tissues••Teeth:hhInstructions for proper brushing••Good tooth-care habits:••Drinking plenty of milk every day••Limiting sugar••Not cracking nuts with teeth••Brushing correctly••Getting regular dental checkups••Keeping hands away from facehhKeeping pencils out of mouthhhNot eating from someone else’s foodhhTaking care of clothing:hhGood clothing-care habits:hhChanging from school clothes to play clotheshhLearning what to do with clothes after taking them off; clothesthat need to be mended; dirty clotheshhPutting on clean underclothes dailyhhTaking coat or raincoat off when insidehhTaking care of the homeSafety•• At home:••Ways to prevent falls••Good safety habits:••Sharp and pointed objects:••Walking while carryinghhCarrying with the point down••Getting parents to take medicine from medicine cabinethhHandling electrical cords with dry hands••Safety with matches and firehhNot playing with your parent’s guns•••• Putting toys away to avoid an accident• Away from home:• PolicemenhhGood safety habits:hhConsulting with an adult before leavinghhAvoid: red indicates NEW MATERIALhhTalking to strangers when you are alone; getting in a car with astrangerhhPlaying in old, empty buildingshhPetting stray animalshhEating berries found outsidehhPutting flowers, leaves, or twigs in mouthhhPlaying in old refrigeratorshhWalking across empty lots that might have rusty nails or brokenglass••On the street:hhGood walking habits:hhWhere to walk when there is no sidewalkhhWhere to cross a street; how to cross a railroad trackhhSafety around trains that are stopped on the trackhhBicycle safety habits:hhRiding in the correct directionhhUsing a safety helmet, handlebars, and hand signalshhPassengershhKeeping your bike in good working orderhhRiding to school:hhBus, carhhGood riding habits:hhUsing car seat beltshhStaying seated on the bushhKeeping hands inside bus and car windowshhHow to cross the street after getting off a bushhHow to get out of a car that is parked on a street••On the playground:hhGood safety habits:hhStaying far from swings that are being used; not standing up whileswinging or jumping off while swing is in motionhhSlide safety: at the bottom of the slide; at the top of the slidehhStanding back from merry-go-round in motionhhNot standing on top of monkey barshhTaking turns with other boys and girls••In the water:hhPool safety habits:hhImportance of taking swimming lessonshhAvoid going swimming or wading alonehhNot pushing others into the pool or running beside the poolhhBoat safety habits: wearing a life jacket; not standing up••In a storm:••Good safety habits:••Stay insidehhSafety with telephone or electrical cordshhWhere to take refuge: if you are outside; if you are in a car28Health cont. p. 29

First GradeHealth cont.Manners••At home:••Important words: please, thank you, I’m sorry, you’re welcomehhHaving company••Good habits at home:••Coming quickly when called••Thanking God for your food••Not talking with food in your mouth; chewing with mouth closed••Saying “please” when you want something; remembering to say“thank you”hhNot spilling food on the table••Not putting elbows on the table••Saying “I’m sorry” for hurting someone••At school:••Say “good morning” to your teacherhhRaise your handhhGood habits at school:hhNot interrupting when someone is speakinghhProper response when someone makes a mistake red indicates NEW MATERIALhhPaying attention to your teacher; how to get your teacher’s attentionhhAnswering when spoken tohhStanding in line quietlyhhPosture and conduct while saying Pledge of Allegiance••• At church:• Purpose of churchhhGood habits at church:hhArriving on timehhSinging praises to God; listening to His WordhhNot chewing gumhhHandling your money for the offering platehhWhen to leave the service••In public:hhGrocery store, doctor’s office••Good habits in public:hhSaying “ma’am” or “sir” when talking to an adulthhBeing quiet in a waiting room••Answering when someone speaks to youhhNot running in a storeBibleThe Bible stories that have been taught from Preschool to K5 have laid the foundationfor stories that will be taught in first grade. Students learn more about the character,strengths, and weaknesses of men and women from the Bible. By studying the lives ofBible characters, students will learn practical truths to apply to their own lives, such asour actions will bring about either rewards or consequences.Evaluation••Graded memory verse passages (9) red indicates NEW MATERIALLessons 405 A Beka Flash-a-Cards••Salvation Series (5 lessons)••Genesis Series (21): Creation, Adam, Cain; Enoch, Noah, Babel;Abraham and Isaac; Jacob; Joseph••Life of Christ Series (36): First Christmas; Boyhood and Early Ministryof Jesus; Jesus Heals and Helps; Later Ministry of Jesus; Crucifixionand ResurrectionhhLife of Paul Series 1 and 2 (14)•• The First ThanksgivingMusic 25 songs••Choruses, hymns of the faith, holiday songs, patriotic songs including:hh11 new hymns and songs; 16 new chorusesMemory WorkhhNew passages (9) containing 56 verses•• Review verses (6)Doctrinal Drill 38 questions/answers••Increase Bible knowledge of basic doctrines: the Bible, God, sin,salvation, heaven, assurance of salvationPrayer Time••Learn to pray with thanks giving for each other, our nation, those inauthority over usAdded Enrichment••The Bible Friends Activity Book includes 112 worksheets to be completedduring seatwork.29

First GradeMusicSongs We Enjoy 1 includes traditional, patriotic, holiday, and fun selections that have been apart of our American heritage for generations. The sing-along CD makes song time easy for theteacher and enjoyable for the children. red indicates NEW MATERIALSkills Development 75 songshhDefine 9 unfamiliar words in the lyrics••Learn to follow a song leader•••• Develop ability to understand a song’s message• Exercise creativity by acting out songs with props• Improve coordination through motions that keep time with wordshhLearn about: dynamic contrasts, tempo changes, solfège pitch••Benefit from fun activities that spark and keep interest:hhWhistling•• Making appropriate animal soundshhSinging familiar poemshhReviewing numbershhPlacing their name in a songVariety of Songs to Memorize•• Fun songs about animals, Mother Goose rhymes••Songs about our founding fathers; songs to help build character••Songs to act out with suggested props••Motion songs, patriotic songs, folk songs, gospel songsArts & CraftsArt Projects 1 has been designed to give month-by-month variety in enjoyable art activities,to teach children elementary art techniques in many types of media, and to provide interestingseasonal projects. red indicates NEW MATERIALSkills & Concept Development 50 projects••Cutting, gluing, coloringhhDirected drawing•• Tracing, folding paper, using glitterTechnique Development•• Developing basic concepts of color, line, shape, and texture through:••3-D forms; drawing••Paper folding and sculptures••Mixed media; directional coloring; creative designhhIntroduction to paintinghhMobiles30

Second GradeLanguage Arts: PhonicsSecond grade phonics class is a culmination of the A Beka intensive phonics program.After reviewing vowel sounds, consonant sounds, and how to blend them together,students learn consonant blends, diphthongs, digraphs, and clue words to help themremember these sounds. Students practice what they have learned on a deeper levelof application than first grade. Students use these skills to have more success in readingand to spell “challenge words” and compound words quickly and accurately. Theskills learned in second grade phonics provide a foundation for reading and spellingskills throughout elementary.Handbook for Reading and Letters and Sounds 2 provide practice with the materialpresented in phonics class. Later in the year, Handbook for Reading and the Language 2Word Challenge Appendix are used for oral speed practice during phonics class.Added Enrichment••Review games (9)••Additional games and activities (54)Evaluation••Oral and written phonics tests (33) red indicates NEW MATERIALSkills Development•• Review long and short vowel sounds, consonant sounds••Review and master one- and two-vowel rules: When there is one vowelin a word, it usually says its short sound. When there are two vowels ina word, the first one says its long sound and the second one is silent.••Blend consonants / special sounds with vowels••Students write the blend of a given word; circle the special sound andmark the vowel••Master 132 special sounds and clue words: special sounds include consonantblends, diphthongs, digraphs, 11 suffixes, 5 prefixes••Demonstrate ability to provide other example words that containspecial soundshhList all the special sounds in a given word after it is orally dictatedhhMaster ability to identify special sounds in a given word and why thatspecial sound is usedhhMaster choosing the correct sound in a given word when there is morethan one spelling for a soundhhck in duck / k-e (ex.: back—”ck in duck” follows a short vowel sound;bake—k-e follows a long vowel soundhhoy in boy / oi in coin (ex.: joyful—”oy in boy” must be chosen becauseit is at the end of a root word; point—”oi in coin” must be chosenbecause it is in the middle of the root word)hhtch in patch / ch in church (ex.: matches—”tch in patch” must bechosen because the sound follows a short vowel; chimes—”ch inchurch” must be chosen because “tch in patch” cannot be at thebeginning of a word)hhg in giant, dge in fudge, j in jar (ex.: cage—”g in giant” must comebefore e, i, or y; badge—”dge in fudge” must follow a short vowel)hhc in city / s consonant (ex.: century—”c in city” comes before e, i, or yhhsion in missionary / tion in nation (ex.: motion—”tion in nation” doesnot have a double s /“sh” sound like “sion in missionary”)hhChoose the correct beginning soundhhRecognize choices in the following consonant blend sounds whengiven blends or words to spell:hhst in stop, pl in plane, tr in train, bl in block, cl in clock, fl in flake,gl in glue, br in bride, dr in drum, pr in pray, gr in grin, sm in smoke,sc in scat, sk in skate, sp in spade, cr in crab, tw in twins, spl in splash,spr in sprain, scr in scream, qu in squeak, sn in snack, sl in sleep,str in stream, sw in swim, thr in threehhUse 5 prefixes correctly when heard in a word dictatedhhRecognizing silent letters in words beginning with gn in gnat,kn in knot, wr in wrinkle, eigh in eighthhChoose between wor in worms / war in warm by listening to the beginningsoundhhChoose “wa in wash” when beginning with a word sounding with shorto /“w” soundhhChoose the correct ending sound in a given word••Correctly use ll, ff, ss at end of a word••suffix -s says “s” or “z”••Recognize the following sounds at the end of short words: e in me, oin go, y in flyhhUse 11 suffixes correctly when heard in a word dictatedhhAdding more than one suffix to a wordhhChoose “ay in pray” when a long a sound is at the end of a root wordhhChoose “y in baby” at the end of certain words ending with a long esoundhhChoose “le in little” at the end of certain words ending with an “l”soundhhChoose between -ed in looked /-ed in played when a root word followsa “t” or “d” soundhhChoose ought in thought / aught in caught at the end of a root wordwith a short o /“t” soundhhChoose “ture in pasture” at the end of certain words with the samesound as “ch in church” along with an “er” sound (ex.: fracture)hhRecognizing silent letters when spelling words with igh in night,alk in walk, le in little, -ed in looked, -ed in played, tch in patch,mb in lamb, ought in thought, aught in caught, dge in fudge,ould in could, ough in enoughhhRecognize choices in the spelling of special sounds having or containingthe same soundhhe in me, y in baby, -y in rainy, -ly in slowly, ie in browniehho in go / ow in bowlhhay in pray, ea in steak, ey in obey, eigh in eighthhsh in ship, tion in nation, sion in missionaryhhth in thick / thr in threehhsc in scat / sk in skatehhor in morning / war in warmhhou in out / ow in owlhhch in church / tch in patch, ture in pasturehher in verse, ur in nurse, ir in bird, ear in earth, -er in bigger,wr in wrinkle, or in sailor, ar in dollarhhoo in tooth / ew in flewhhoi in coin / oy in boyhhoo in book, ou in could, u in push31Phonics cont. p. 32

Second GradePhonics cont.Skills Development cont.hha in adopt, o in shovel, a in banana, a- in asleep, ough in enough,ou in countryhhall in ball, alk in walk, au in faucet, aw in saw, ought in thought,aught in caughthhg in giant / dge in fudgehhair in hair, arr in carry, are in care, err in cherryhhSpell compound words correctly by applying special sound applicationtips / ruleshhRead compound words with speed and accuracyhhRead “challenge words” with speed and accuracyhhDevelop listening through dictated sentences; using phonics applicationskills while students:hhRemember each wordhhSpell each word correctlyhhSpell contractions correctlyhhSpell number words, days of the week, months of the yearhhCapitalize correctly based on rules learnedhhChoose correct ending punctuation red indicates NEW MATERIAL••Understand that syllables are parts of words••Correctly divide words into syllables between:••Double consonants; root words and suffixes••A vowel and a consonant; two differing consonants••Prefixes and root wordshhIdentify the number of syllables in a given word and which syllable isaccented / loudest (ex.: “e-nor’-mous” has 3 syllables and the 2nd syllableis accented)••Identify root wordshhDemonstrate ability to add prefixes and suffixes to a root word whilespelling the new word correctly by applying the following rules:••When a root word ends with a single consonant and the vowel isshort, the consonant is usually doubled before adding a suffix beginningwith a vowel. (ex.: swim + ing = swimming)••When a root word ends with a silent e, the e is usually dropped beforeadding a suffix that begins with a vowel. (ex.: hike + ed = hiked)hhWhen a root word ends with a y and the suffix begins with an e,change the y to an i before adding the suffix. (ex.: try + ed = tried)Language Arts: ReadingEach student will be successful in second grade reading as he masters the application of phonicsrules. The early readers have stories written with words that are directly tied to what is beinglearned in phonics class. Subsequent readers present children’s classics, stories from America’spast, selections by famous authors, and stories with heroes that the children can emulate. Onereader is a juvenile novel, another presents life in Israel in the days of Christ, and others includefables, animal tales, stories from children’s classics, biographical stories, poetry, Scripture readings,and patriotic stories.Literary Value••103 authors, including well-knownwriters such as Beatrix Potter, A.A. Milne, Hans Christian Andersen,Robert Louis Stevenson, Louisa MayAlcott, and Nathaniel Hawthorne••Selections and adaptations fromchildren’s literature such as The Princessand the Pea, The Adventures ofPinocchio, Aesop’s Fables, Grimm’sFairy Tales, The Tale of Peter Rabbit,and Winnie-the-Pooh••Character-building themes such asgratitude, responsibility, helpfulness,industry, persistence, courage, patriotism,and integrity red indicates NEW MATERIALMaterials•• Readers (7) containing:••Short stories (184) and poems (81)••Christian fiction novel, Bible geographybook, and nonfiction bookabout animals••Primary Bible Reader includesScripture readingEvaluation••Weekly oral reading gradeReading Skills Development••Read and decode (sound out) words by applying phonics soundsand ruleshhRead silently and complete comprehension activities••Strive for increasing accuracy, correct enunciation, fluency, phrasing,alertness to punctuation, good expression, comprehension,appropriate pace for grade level, volume, and poise••Follow along as others read orally••Receive differentiated instruction with ability grouping••Increase vocabularyReaders••Story Tree—20 stories and 11 poems; uses words with special soundsfrom Basic Phonics Charts 6–9••Treasure Chest—20 stories and 22 poems and riddles; covers BasicPhonics Charts 8–13••Hidden Treasure—26 stories and 10 poems including classic literatureand stories with patriotic themes••No Longer a Nobody—a Christian fiction novel containing 6 chapters••Paths of Gold—27 stories and 12 poems including classic literatureand Scripture selections32Reading cont. p. 33

Second GradeReading cont.Readers cont.••Sunshine Meadows—42 stories and 21 poems with a wide varietyof styles and topics••Silver Sails—16 stories and 3 poems containing legends, fairy tales,and historical stories••Open Skies—a supplemental reader containing 22 stories and 14poems with a wide variety of styles and topics••Growing Up Where Jesus Lived—a 10-chapter informational bookdescribing life in Palestine in the days of Christ; used as a readerfor class reading••All Kinds of Animals—an informational class reading book containing14 selections on animals; “Do You Remember” sectionsespecially help develop comprehension skills red indicates NEW MATERIAL••Primary Bible Reader—30 class reading lessons including selected storiesand passages from the Old Testament, such as Genesis, Exodus,Numbers, Joshua, Judges, 1 Samuel, Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes,Isaiah, Jeremiah, Daniel, and Jonah; and New Testament selectionsfrom Matthew, Luke, John, Acts, (epistles such as) Ephesians,Colossians, 1 Thessalonians, 2 Timothy, Hebrews, James, 1 & 2 Peter,1 John, and RevelationComprehension, Discussion, & AnalysisSkills Development•• Answer factual and interpretive questions for most stories and poems••Answer inferential comprehension and discussion questionsLanguage Arts: LanguageLanguage 2 is used to practice concepts taught in phonics class. Concepts learnedin first grade are reinforced as students go on to master the following areas:recognizing and correctly punctuating three kinds of sentences; giving compoundwords, rhyming words, antonyms, synonyms, contractions, and singular possessivewords in response to a written prompt; forming plurals; and using troublesomewords correctly. By the end of the year, the students’ reading comprehension skillswill be sharpened; and they will write more clearly, correctly, and concisely. red indicates NEW MATERIALAdded Enrichment••Word Challenge section to expandvocabulary (1,499 terms)Note: See 2nd Grade Cursive Writingsection in this Scope & Sequence (p. 34)for additional creative writing exercises.Evaluation••Some language skills are included inweekly phonics testsGrammar•• Capitalization:••First word in the sentence••Days of week and months of yearhhHolidays and special days••Names of people••The word I••Titles••Punctuation:••Using periods to end sentenceshhUsing question marks and exclamation points to end sentenceshhUsing an apostrophe to show ownership (’s)hhThe sentence:hhRecognize complete sentenceshhRecognize that a phrase is part of a sentencehhRecognize questions and exclamationshhLearn terms: exclamatory, declarative, and interrogative sentences••Word study and diction:••Add suffixes and prefixes to root words••Determine number of syllableshhDetermine accented syllables••Recognize and use correctly:••Compound words, rhyming words••Opposite words (antonyms), same-meaning words (synonyms),same-sounding words (homonyms)hhSingular and plural words; singular possessives••Contractions••Divide words into syllables••Alphabetize wordshhCorrectly use words such as sit, sat, set; learn, teach; may, can;to, too, two; right, write; blue, blewhhAbbreviate days of the week, months of the year, selected Englishmeasures, selected titles such as Dr., Mr., Mrs.••Comprehend reading material and answer questionsComposition•• Write:••Complete sentences (109)••Original sentence (90)••Rewrite a sentence correctly (68)••Answer a question in complete sentence (37)••Paragraph about a topic (26)••Composition about a designated topic (15)••Thank-you letterAdded EnrichmentExtra practice available in Seatwork curriculum:• • Copy sentences (22)• • Finish / correct sentences (63)• • Write original sentences (449)• • Write friendly letters (4)• • Glossary skill exercises (130)33

Second GradeLanguage Arts: Cursive WritingBuilding upon each grade, the consistent step-by-step approach to goodpenmanship presented in Writing with Phonics 2 emphasizes neatnessand correct letter formation in daily practice. Writing habits which arepolished during second grade will greatly influence students’ penmanshipskills throughout life. red indicates NEW MATERIALAdded Enrichment••Journal containing 13 creative writingexercises and dated journal entriesEvaluation••Tests (30)Skills Development••Achieve good writing position:••Sitting properly in desk••Holding pencil correctly••Slanting paper correctly••Perfect writing skills for a good, overall appearance:••Correctly writing all lower- and uppercase letters and numbers 0–9hhPerforming correct warm-up procedure by practicing basic strokeshhKeeping size consistent while making a connection without thehelp of a dotted linehhWriting without use of dotted lines; double-spaced writing••Placing letters correctly on the lines, slanting letters properly,writing slowly and carefully, making smooth connections betweenletters••Using key strokes: slant, loops, tails, humps••Copy good cursive models to reinforce capitalization / punctuationrules and simple sentences includes:••Copy Scripture or a sentence (79)••Copy a paragraph (28)••Copy a title (7)••Number formation••Creative writing practice:••Journal entries (33)••Original compositions using an assigned theme (17)••Writing an acrostic (2)••Develop listening skills by writing dictated sentences (12)Language Arts: Spelling & PoetryIn second grade, spelling is taught as an individual subject for the first time. The spelling curriculumcontinues to be correlated with phonics. The spelling lists in Spelling and Poetry 2 reinforcethe phonics concepts which the students are learning. By the end of the year, students will belearning vocabulary words and their definitions. Poems for memorization have been selected fortheir beauty of language, literary greatness, and character-building qualities.Added Enrichment••Spelling lists (32):••Spelling words (625)••Vocabulary words (645)••Organized by special sounds••Worksheet activities (106):••Build on previous concepts••Reinforce new concepts••Homework sheets (30) include spelling listand helpful hints or featured special sounds••Glossary for application and practice••Spelling games (16) red indicates NEW MATERIALEvaluation••Spelling tests (32)Spelling Skills DevelopmenthhMaster spelling lists including:hhhhh•••h 60 sight words and 23 contractionsh 50 vocabulary words and definitionsh Use vocabulary words in proper contexth Correctly write sentences dictated by teacher using vocabulary wordsh Create good sentences using spelling and vocabulary words• Apply spelling and phonics concepts through daily:• Teacher-directed oral practice• Independent written practice34••Hear and see spelling and vocabulary words in example sentences, inorder to:••Clearly picture each word’s meaning; differentiate between soundalikewordshhUse words correctly when speaking and writing••Use spelling words in creative writing exerciseshhLearn beginning dictionary skills such as using guide words, locatingentries quickly, finding word definitions, and alphabetizing wordsSpelling & Poetry cont. p. 35

Second GradeSpelling & Poetry cont.Spelling Skills Development cont.•• Learn spelling rules:••Know: one- and two-vowel rules; k comes before i and e; c comesbefore a, o, and u••Correctly use at end of word: double consonants ll, ff, or ss;vowels e, o, or y; ck after a short vowel; ke after a long vowel••Double a consonant before adding a suffix that begins with avowel••Drop the silent eWorksheet Activities:••••• Solving crossword puzzles; thinking of homonyms• Creating phrases; grouping similar words together• Understanding the meaning of vocabulary words• Finding misspelled words and knowing how to correct them red indicates NEW MATERIAL••Matching contractions with their words••Combining root words with the suffixes -y, -er, -est, -ly, -en, -es••Using prefixes a-, al-, be-, en-, un-Poetry Skills DevelopmenthhMemorize 7 lyrical poems••••Recite in unison••• Develop appreciation of poetry• Perform in front of an audience• Develop appropriate expression and volume• Improve comprehensionhhLearn definitions and use of unfamiliar words••Maintain interest and increase understanding with comprehension questionsArithmeticThe traditional work-text Arithmetic 2 builds a foundation for learning more abstract conceptsand teaches students how to apply mathematical concepts to real-life situations. Conceptstaught or reviewed in Arithmetic 2 include counting, place value, addition and subtraction,money, time, graphs, simple geometry, multiplication and division, and Roman numerals.Students will apply the skills and facts they have learned as they complete word problemsthat are based on concrete situa tions. New material is built on prior learning and encouragesstudents to think through new concepts. Arithmetic 2 and curriculum include daily reasoningquestions that challenge students’ thinking ability.Added Enrichment••Higher-level thinking activities (139)••A Beka Book games (7)••Thematic units: pond, transportation,children of the world, jungle, workersand helpers, camping••Review games (48)••Additional games (19)••Enrichment activities (36) red indicates NEW MATERIALEvaluation••Written tests (31)••Daily skills-development exercises (128)••Oral tests (31): combinations, answers,and detailed instructions for weekly oraltests in daily lesson plansNumbers••Recognize and understand numbers:••1–1,000hh1,001–10,000••Counting:••By ones, twos, fives, and tens to 100••By threes to 36hhBy fours to 48hhBy twenty-fives to 300••Continue counting patterns••Tally marks••Writing numbers:••By ones, twos, fives, and tens to 1,000••By threes to 36hhBy fours to 48hhDictation to ten thousands••Comparing before and after:••By ones, twos, fives, tenshhBy threes and fours••Number words:••Use of one to twelvehhUse of thirteen, twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty,ninety, one hundred••Place value:••Ones, tens, hundredshhThousands, ten thousands, hundred thousandshhMoney: round to nearest dollar; to nearest ten••Roman numerals:••Counting and value:••1–12hh13–30; 50; 100; 500; 1,000••Reading clock using Roman numerals35Arithmetic cont. p. 36

Second GradeArithmetic cont.Numbers cont.h h Basic rules for Roman numerals:h h Add repeated Roman numeralsh h Add when lesser numeral follows greater oneh h Subtract when lesser numeral comes before greater oneAddition•• Addition families:••1 –18••Horizontal and vertical form••Add on 0, 1, and 2••Add doubles••Add doubles plus onehhAddition terminology••Addition “twins” (concept of commutative principle)••Timed mastery••Word problems: oral, written••Mental arithmetic:hhProblems with up to 5 single-digit numbershhProblems with double-digit addend with carryinghhEstimate sums••Carrying:••To tens’ and hundreds’ places in 2- and 3-digit problemshhTo ten-thousands’ place in 3- and 4-digit problemshhHorizontal problems with carrying••Money: add dollars and centsSubtraction•• Subtraction families:••1 –13hh14 –18•••• Vertical and horizontal form• Subtract:• 0, 1, 2; all of a numberhhHalf of a numberhhSubtraction terminology••Timed mastery••Word problems: oral, writtenhhMental arithmetic:hhProblems combining single- and double-digit subtraction and addition••• Subtraction with borrowing:• 2 and 3 digitshh4 digits•• Borrowing:hhFrom tens’ place in 2-, 3-, and 4-digit problemshhFrom hundreds’ place in 3- and 4-digit problemshhFrom thousands’ place in 4-digit problemshhWith zeros in the minuend•• Money: subtract dollars and centsMultiplication•• Building blocks:••Counting by twos, threes, fives, and tenshhCounting by fourshhWord problems: oral, writtenhhGraphs to show multiplication factshhTerms: factor, product•• Multiply:hhBy 1, 0hhTables, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5hhFind missing factorhhMultiple combinations red indicates NEW MATERIALhhMultiplication “twins” (concept of commutative principle)DivisionhhConcept of divisionhhBuilding blocks: dividing groups of objectshhRecognize symbols: ÷ andhhWord problems: oral, writtenhhTerm: quotienthhDivide:hhBy 1hhTables 1, 2, 3, 4, 5hhMultiple combinationsFractions•(division house)• Parts of a whole and group: one half, one third, one fourth••Finding the fractional part of a whole numberhhWord problems: oral, writtenhhMixed numbersDecimals••Money: use of dollar sign ($) and decimal point (.) in additionhhAlign decimal points when adding and subtracting dollars and centsProblem Solving & Applications•• Building blocks: oral word problems••Word problems:••Addition, subtractionhhMultiplication, division••MoneyhhFractionshhCarrying, borrowinghhSteps of problem- solving process•••Time, length, temperature•• Applications for broader and deeper understanding of concepts:• Graphs, weight, moneyhhFractions, recipes36Arithmetic cont. p. 37

Second GradeArithmetic cont.Time•• Clock:••Hour and minute hands••A.M. and P.M.••O’clock (:00); half past (:30)••Quarter past; quarter till; three-quarters past••Five-minute intervalshhOne-minute intervals••••Days, months, year••• Table of time:• Seconds, minutes, hours• Calendar:• Months of year, days of weekhhDays in year, weeks in year••DatehhTime zones, time lapsehhDates as digitsMoney••Recognition and value of penny, nickel, dime, quarter, half dollar••Counting pennies, nickels, dimes, quarters, half dollarshhCombining coins for any amounthhConverting to cents using dollar sign ($) and decimal point (.)••Word problems: oral, writtenhhRecognize symbols:h h$ (dollar)••¢ (cent)hhAdding money using dollar sign ($) and decimal point (.)hhMaking changeMeasures••Word problems: oral, written••Temperature:••Degrees: reading, writinghhIntroduced to:hhCelsius scalehhFreezing and boiling point of waterhhBody temperature on Fahrenheit scalehhTemperatures below zero••Length:hhQuarter inch••Inch, foot, yard, centimeterhhMeterhhAbbreviationshhSmallest to longest; comparing lengthshhApplications: measuring, drawing••Weight:••Ounce, pound, kilogramhhGramhhApplications•••• Dozen, half dozen• Capacity: cup, pint, quart, gallon• Perimeter of rectanglehhPerimeter of squareGraphing, Statistics, Probability•• Bar graphs:••HorizontalhhVertical••PictographshhLine graphs: plot point on line graphhhRead a grid, a map red indicates NEW MATERIALGeometry••Plane figures: circle, square, rectangle, trianglehhSolid figures: introduce concepthhVertex: identify number of vertexes in plane and solid shapeshhMeasure and draw lineshhScale drawings••SymmetryhhLocations on a coordinate plane••Perimeter:••RectanglehhSquare37

Second GradeHistory & GeographyOur America takes students back into history to learn what life would have beenlike in our country’s early days. Students will study the lives of groups of peoplewho have made valuable contributions to our American heritage: the Pilgrims,American Indians, early colonists, pioneers, cowboys, and immigrants.In addition to maps and geographical facts, Our America also features informationabout our flag and the history behind our patriotic holidays and songs. Reviewquestions and activities throughout the text help to check students’ comprehension.Added Enrichment••Vocabulary boxes featuring difficultwords••Activities included in student text andteacher edition such as games, classparades, art projects, class diorama••Songs such as “Swing Low, Sweet Chariot”and “Pawpaw Patch” passed down throughhistory from early Americans red indicates NEW MATERIALAmerica••Our flag:••MeaninghhFlag etiquette••Our patriotic holidays:hhGeorge Washington’s Birthday, Abraham Lincoln’s BirthdayhhMemorial Day, Flag Day, Independence DayhhLabor Day, Veteran’s Day, Thanksgiving Day••• America’s Songs:• “My Country, ‘Tis of Thee,” “The Star-Spangled Banner,”“America the Beautiful,” “God Bless America”h h“Yankee Doodle”People Who Built AmericahhPilgrims: Separatists and StrangershhNative Americans: contributions from New England tribes,especially toward the PilgrimshhColonists: homes, jobs, schoolhhPioneers: Daniel Boone, westward movementhhCowboys: cattle drive, stampede, songshhNew Americans:hhImmigrants, islanders, Black AmericanshhContributions and songsTomorrow’s AmericahhWhat will I be?hhHow can I help my country?Geography Study••Cardinal directions••Continents••Home state••Neighbors to north and south: Canada and Mexico••Location of England••Mississippi River••Gulf of MexicohhLearn 50 stateshhOceanshhSections of the country: Northeast, Northwest, Southeast, SouthwesthhGreat LakesScienceEnjoying God’s World guides the student’s study of God’s plan for creation.Students will increase both their reading comprehension and their knowledgeof scientific concepts while learning about the human body, plants and animals,matter and energy, and earth and space from God’s viewpoint.Through the “how” and “why” questions that are answered in this text, children willlearn about the world around them while developing their thinking skills. EnjoyingGod’s World also includes hands-on activities and demonstrations that help toincrease each student’s comprehension of basic science concepts.Added Enrichment••Additional hands-on learningactivities in daily lesson plans••Lesson activities (18)••Additional activities (39) red indicates NEW MATERIALHuman BiologyhhMuscles, energy•• Using food:hhEnergy foods: starch, fathhProtein foods:••ExercisehhMinerals, vitamin foods38••Taking care of our teeth:hhEnamel, gum, roothhDifferent jobs of teeth: cutting, tearing, grinding••Tips for taking care of teeth:••BrushinghhFlossing••Keeping clean: pores, oil, sweat; wash away dirt each dayScience cont. p. 39

Second GradeScience cont.Human Biology cont.•• Enjoying exercise••Rest and sleep: 10–12 hours of sleep; necessary for growthActivities & Demonstrations:hhFinding out which foods have sugar in themAnimal World•• Animals:••Instincts and equipment••Examples of different animals:hhSpider, praying mantis••Chicken, owl••Earthworm:••BurrowshhBristles••Animal homes:••Nests, tunnelshhDens••Beaver:hhEngineer, webbed feet, lodge••Animals’ protection:hhCamouflage••Insects:••Designed by God; six legshhThree parts: head, thorax, abdomen••Baby insects:••Caterpillar to butterfly:hhChrysalis and cocoon••Good insects:hhHoneybees: pollenhhWorker bees••Harmful insects:hhFlies, termites, beetles, and grasshoppersActivities & Demonstrations:hhDiscovering which home earthworms preferhhDiscovering why webbed feet help the beaver swimhhFinding the three body parts of insects•• Watching a caterpillar changePlant World•• Parts of a plant:••Flowers or cones; stem••Leaves:hhHow leaves make food in green plants:hhChlorophyllhhWhy green leaves change colors in the fall•• RootshhGrowth of a tree red indicates NEW MATERIALhhHow seeds travel: wind and water, squirrels, birds, hitchhikersActivities & Demonstrations:••Seeing how water rises up a stemhhDiscovering whether a leaf grows without light or water••Watching a plant growThings That Work Together••God’s plan for plants and animalsThings That MovehhEnergy: makes things go; fuelhhForce: gravity, pull, push, frictionActivities & Demonstrations:hhUsing the energy from wind and moving waterhhSeeing how gravity pulls•• Discovering how magnets pullAtmospherehhProperties of air•• Wind:hhLight air moves up, heavy air moves downhhStorms: hurricanes, tornadoes•• Weather:hhSun, air, and waterhhEvaporation•• Rain, snowhhHow we hear: sound and sound waves•• The air around the earthActivities & Demonstrations:hhDiscovering that air is realhhFinding whether an empty bottle is really emptyhhSeeing water evaporatehhDiscovering how to block sound wavesEarth & SkyhhStars, sun, moonhhRound Earth: globe, North and South Pole, equator39

Second GradeHealthThe purpose of Health, Safety, & Manners 2 is to teach the basic facts of healthand safety; to teach courtesy at home, at school, and everywhere; and to instillwithin students a desire to take care of the body God has given them.Added Enrichment••Hands-on learning activities, charts,and checklists in student book, teacheredition, and daily lesson plans (28) red indicates NEW MATERIALHealth••Posture:hhDetailed instruction on proper posture•• Nutrition:hhAppetite, nutrientshhFood groups:hhMilk: keeps us growing, healthy, active, and warmhhMeat and beans: proteinhhVegetables and fruits:•• Vitamins and mineralshhFiberhhGrainshhFats and oilshhWater: every part of the body needs water••A good breakfasthhA good lunch and dinner••Good table manners:••Thanking God for your foodhhWaiting for food to be passed and not reaching for it••Saying “please” and “thank you”hhUsing serving spoon to put food on platehhKeeping hand not in use in your lap••Keeping elbows off tablehhNot slurping soup••• Not talking with food in mouth• Chewing with mouth closedhhTaking small biteshhUsing a napkinhhProperly cutting meat and buttering breadhhEating a little bit of every food on the tablehhHaving pleasant conversationhhExpressing thanks to the preparer of the mealhhBeing excused••Exercise:hhFun exercises for children (5) and a group game••Fresh air and sunshinehhVitamin DhhBenefits of playing outside in the sunshine••Rest: amount needed; good sleeping habitshhThoughts: love, kindness, joy••Cleanliness:••Skin and hair: bathing••Fingernails and hands:hhCuticles, chapped skin••Cuts••Washing and combing hair:hhLicehhWashing face, neck, and ears••Teeth:hhCavities••BrushinghhFlossing••Good dental-care habits:••Importance of milkhhEating a variety of foods; limiting sweets; crunchy foods for snacks••Avoid chewing gum•• Adequate brushinghhRegular flossing••Regular dental checkups••Eyes:hhParts of the eye (diagram)••Proper carehhEye trouble•• Good eye-care habits:hhReading with a light••Not rubbing your eyes••Safety while holding sharp things••Protection from sun and other bright lightshhAvoid reading while riding in a car••Proper rest and doctor checkups••Keeping eyeglasses clean••Ears:hhParts of the ear (diagram)••Proper carehhEar trouble••••• Good ear-care habits:• Proper washing of ears• Putting items in ears• Protecting ears from getting hit40Health cont. p. 41

Second GradeHealth cont. red indicates NEW MATERIALHealth cont.hhProper removal of ear waxhhProtecting ears from loud noises•• Protecting ears in cold, windy weatherhhFollowing doctor’s orders••Disease prevention:hhCommunicable diseases••Preventing colds:hhBreathing through your nose••Keeping hands away from face••Covering mouth when coughing••Covering mouth and nose when sneezing••Using handkerchiefs: clean cloth ones, paper tissues••Not eating from someone else’s food••Rest and exercise••Eating nutritious mealshhStaying away from anyone who has a cold••Good health habits:••Sitting and standing tall••Eating nutritious meals••Exercising every day••Playing and working outside in fresh air and sunshinehhWorking and playing safely••Regular doctor and dentist checkups••Keeping your body clean••Brushing teeth dailyhhFlossing teeth daily••Protecting eyes and ears••Getting plenty of sleep••Being happySafety•• Safety away from home:••Parental permission:••Going directly home after school••Going places alone or with friendshhEating away from home••Avoid:••Accepting a ride from a strangerhhTaking candy, ice cream, or money from a stranger••Putting flowers, leaves, or twigs in your mouthhhDanger, Keep Out, and No Trespassing signs••Staying away from stray animals••Safety on the street:hhRecreation: not in street; safety playing in a driveway••Knowing where to walk when there is no sidewalkhhObeying traffic lightshhProperly crossing a street or railroad track••Using street corners and regular crosswalks to cross streethhSafety around parked cars•• Bicycle safety:hhOn a busy street••Proper riding on a streethhWalking a bike across a busy intersection••Using a safety helmet••Proper steering••Using hand signals••Passengers••Keeping your bike in good working order•••Using car seat belts•••• Cars and buses:• Staying seated on a bus; keeping hands inside bus or car windows• How to cross the street after getting off a bus• How to get out of a car that is parked on a streethhWhile riding in a car or bus: danger of sharp items; keeping handsaway from driver or steering wheel••Safety around water:••Importance of swimming lessonshhAdult supervision for swimming or wadinghhStaying out from under a diving boardhhGoing only in areas marked safe for swimming: not boating areas orareas where water depth is unknownhhSafety with lifeguard and other swimmershhUsing common sense in the waterhhSafety around the pool’s perimeter••Boat safety:••Lifejackets; sitting while boat is movinghhKeeping legs inside boathhAvoiding prolonged exposure to sunhhStaying out of the water during a thunderstorm••Safety during bad weather:hhUse caution crossing slippery streetshhHow to properly hold an umbrellahhStay away from broken electrical wires on or near the ground••During a thunderstorm:••Where to take refuge••Safety with telephones and electrical cordshhSafety with electrical appliances••Safety in the home:hhReaching high items with a stepladderhhPicking up things as soon as they fallhhKeeping stairways clearhhWalking, not running, in the house; walking carefully on stairshhKeeping shoelaces tiedhhStoring skates out of way••Properly carrying pointed objectshhProperly handing a pointed object to someone••Never playing with real gunshhKeeping a screen in front of fire in the fireplace41Health cont. p. 42

Second GradeHealth cont.Safety cont.• • Never playing with matcheshhNever allowing small children to play with matcheshhFire escape planhhYour area’s emergency telephone numberhhBathroom safety:hhPutting soap in its container after using ithhUsing nonskid mat in tub or showerhhWiping up water spillshhhKeeping electrical appliances away from water•h Keeping medicines and cleaning fluids out of reach of children• Properly using electrical cordshhKitchen safety:hhKeeping drawers and cupboard doors closedhhImmediate attention to spills and broken glasshhProperly plugging in applianceshhUsing a sharp knife correctly with permissionhhProperly using the garbage disposalhh Dressing safely for cookinghhStove safety: position of pan handles, flammable items, lifting hotfoods and liquids, correctly turning off burners••Fire safety: stop, drop, and roll red indicates NEW MATERIALManners••Courtesy:••Being polite:••Please and thank youhhMaking an apology••Greeting and answering adults; introductions••Being kind to people and animals; being cheerful: not grumbling••Being respectful to older people and those in authority:hhOffering your seathhSpeaking when spoken tohhRefering to an older person by his full namehhNever contradicting an older personhhBeing respectful to your country:hhNot flying the flag in bad weatherhhHow to properly raise, lower, display our flag normally and as signof trouble; keeping flag from touching the ground or water••Being thoughtful:hhThe Golden Rule••Being patient: waiting in line, taking turns talking••Always be courteous:••At the tablehhOn the telephone: answering; dialing the wrong numberBibleSecond graders will enjoy learning about a variety of Bible characters includingJoshua, Judges, Ruth, Jonah, and Moses. The A Beka Book Flash-a Cards help studentsvisualize events as they study the life of Moses and his journey from Egyptto the Promised Land. Students will learn about Moses’ decision to suffer withGod’s people rather than live in luxury; they will also learn that even though Moseschose to follow God, he still faced many trials. By studying Bible characters suchas Moses, students will learn how to respond to real-life joys and struggles.Evaluation••Graded memory verse passages (8) red indicates NEW MATERIALLessons 365 A Beka Flash-a-Cards••Salvation Series (5 lessons)hhLife of Moses Series (20): Moses in Egypt; Journey to Sinai; Journeythrough the WildernesshhTabernacle (3)••First Christmas (5)hhJoshua (7); Judges (6); Ruth (3)••Crucifixion and Resurrection (9)hhJonah (2); Favorite Bible Stories 1 and 2 (10)••The First ThanksgivingMusic 33 songs••Choruses, hymns of the faith, holiday songs, patriotic songs including:hh10 new hymns and songs; 10 new chorusesMemory WorkhhNew passages (8) containing 54 verses•• Review verses (26)Doctrinal Drill 38 questions/answers••Increase Bible knowledge of basic doctrines: the Bible, God, sin, salvation,heaven, assurance of salvationPrayer Time••Learn to pray with thanks giving for each other, our nation, those inauthority over us42

Second GradeMusicThe traditional, patriotic, holiday, and fun selections in Songs We Enjoy 2 have delighted childrenfor many years. Enrichment ideas for teaching new songs and ideas for motions and props areincluded throughout the book. The sing-along CD makes song time enjoyable for the studentsand easy for the teacher. red indicates NEW MATERIALSkills Development 68 songshhDefine 14 unfamiliar words in the lyrics•• Exercise creativity by acting out songs with propshhImprove coordination by tapping or clapping with leader to steady beat••Learn to:••Follow a song leader while staying together with class or CDhhSing in a round while staying together with group and staying on pitchhhReinforce Bible stories through fun Bible songs••• Benefit from fun activities that spark and keep interest:• Making appropriate animal soundshhHumming; enunciating silly words; echo singing; drumming sounds••Using dynamic contrastVariety of Songs to Memorize••Fun, folk, holiday, spirituals and gospel, patrioticArts & CraftsArt Projects 2 is a full-color book designed to give month-by-month variety in art. Working withvarious types of media, students learn elementary art techniques such as incorporating basic shapes,coloring and drawing techniques, painting, using primary and complementary colors, and creatingthree-dimensional forms. Seasonal projects are also included. red indicates NEW MATERIALSkill & Concept Development 58 projects••Basic shapes; 3-D forms (20)••Increasing fine motor skills through:••Paper folding, cutting, and gluing (46)hhPaper curling (4)hhMixing primary and complementary colors (6)hhIntroducing motion and texture lines (4)hhCreating mosaics and collages (3)hhColoring with an underhand grip (1)Technique Development••Enhancing basic concepts of color, line, shape, and texture through:••Directional drawing and coloring (13)hhPainting techniques such as: spatter, wet-on-dry, wax-resist, etc. (10)hhCrayon rubbing, etching, and smudging (3)••Mixed media; paper sculptures (31)hhAdding highlights and shading (10)43

Third GradeLanguage Arts: PhonicsTo firm up the foundation for lifelong reading skills, third graders will brieflyreview all of the phonics sounds learned in first and second grades. red indicates NEW MATERIALAdded Enrichment••Differentiated instruction using Handbookfor Reading included in Help Class(for new students and those needingremedial help)Skills Development•• Review:••Long and short vowel sounds••Consonant sounds••Consonant and vowel blends••One- and two-vowel rules••132 special sounds and clue words, including consonant blends,diphthongs, digraphs, 11 suffixes, 5 prefixes, etc.••Know that words ending with a short vowel and k sound end with ck••Apply phonics concepts to readingLanguage Arts: ReadingStudents will develop reading enjoyment and appreciation for literature through a wide variety ofquality reading selections that include children’s classics, Bible and missionary stories, biographies,stories of adventure, fables, stories of humor and patriotism, and tales of fantasy. Students will alsoread four novels: one based on the experiences of a young immigrant; one historical fiction; andsimplified versions of a famous novel and a Christian classic.The first speed and comprehension reader is introduced.Literary Value••113 authors, including well-known writers such asLouisa May Alcott, Hans Christian Andersen, Dr.Seuss, Laura Ingalls Wilder, Sir Walter Scott, andPatricia St. John.••Selections and adaptations from children’s literaturesuch as Little House in the Big Woods,A Bear Called Paddington, The Swiss FamilyRobinson, The Ugly Duckling, Aesop’s Fables,Treasures of the Snow, Black Beauty, TheCricket in Times Square, and Pilgrim’s Progress••Character-building themes such as faithfulness,determination, forgiveness, humility, obedience,courage, truthfulness, resourcefulnessMaterials•• Readers (6) containing:••Short stories (135)••Poems (61)••Novels (4)••Speed and comprehension reader (1):••Read & Think 3 Skill Sheets (30)for timed silent reading exercises withwritten comprehension quizzesEvaluation•• Weekly oral reading grade••Homework reading quizzes (15) red indicates NEW MATERIALReading Skills Development••Read and decode (sound out) words by applying phonics soundsand rules••Strive for increasing:••Accuracy, correct enunciation••Fluency, phrasing••Alertness to punctuation••Good expression, comprehension••Appropriate pace for grade level••Volume and poise•• Ability to follow along and comprehend as others read orallyhhVocabulary development through words and definitions includedin readers44Readers••Paths to Adventure—26 stories and 15 poems; contains a wide varietyof styles and topics such as patriotic, Bible, classics, stories••Footprints—19 stories and 4 poems with an emphasis on literary andmoral value••The Swiss Family Robinson—an 11 chapter adaptation of a classic story••Crossroads—21 stories and 6 poems containing a variety of topics andstyles••Better Bridges—16 stories and 5 poems with an emphasis on wise,moral choices••Pilgrim Boy—a 16-chapter historical fiction book following a Separatistboy and his family as they travel to the New World onboard theMayflower; includes a glossary for class practice and useReading cont. p. 45

Third GradeReading cont.Readers cont.••Secret in the Maple Tree—a 19-chapter Christian fiction novel basedon an immigrant family growing up in Minnesota; book is used towrite the first book report assigned in the Language curriculum;includes a glossary••Worlds of Wonder—33 stories and 18 poems; includes many patrioticstories of America as well as a wide variety of stories from around theworld••Doors to Discovery—20 stories and 9 poems of adventure emphasizingcharacter values••Pilgrim’s Progress Simplified—a 35-chapter adaptation of a timelessclassic; contains an introduction on the life of John Bunyan; containsmany conceptual illustrations to help students understand the meaningof this allegoryComprehension, Discussion, & AnalysisSkills Development• red indicates NEW MATERIAL• Answer factual and interpretive questions for most stories and poems••Answer inferential comprehension and discussion questions for moststories and poemsLanguage Arts: LanguageThe work-text Language 3 provides a variety of practice exercises for students as theybegin their formal study of English as an academic subject. Students will benefit fromsolid skills instruction that will develop their thinking abilities and allow them to expresstheir thoughts correctly.Third graders will learn to incorporate correct capitalization, punctuation, sentencestructure, and word usage into their daily speaking and writing. Language 3 gives studentspractice in recognizing nouns and verbs and correctly using synonyms, antonyms,and homonyms. Students will also develop their dictionary skills and improve their writingskills through journal entries and creative-writing exercises.Evaluation••Quizzes (22; including dictated quiz)••Tests (15)••Short format book reports (3) red indicates NEW MATERIALGrammar•• Capitalization:••First word in every sentence••The word I••Days of week and months of yearhhSeasons should not be capitalized••Holidays and special dayshhNames referring to God and the Bible••Names of particular peoplehhNames of particular places or thingshhInitialshhTitles of respecthhFirst word and every important word in titles of books, stories,songs••Punctuation:••Place:••Periods at end of declarative (telling) sentences••Question marks after questions••Exclamation points after sentences showing strong feelinghhPeriods after initials••Periods after abbreviations45hhCommas to separate:hhYes or No at beginning of sentencehhNames of people you are speaking to (direct address)hhName of a town or city from the statehhWords or groups of words in a serieshhParts of a datehhAfter greeting and closing of a friendly letter••Apostrophes:••In contractions••With s to make a possessive wordhhQuotation marks before and after a direct quotation••The sentence:••Recognize:••Complete sentences••Kinds of sentences: declarative, interrogative, exclamatoryhhSubjects and verbshhParts of speech:hhRecognize:hhCommon and proper nounshhAction verbs and other verbshhOver 30 irregular verbs and their correct usagehhAdjectiveshhDiagram subjects and verbsLanguage cont. p. 46

Third GradeLanguage cont.Grammar cont.••Word study and diction:hhForm plural of words•• Form contractions (34)hhRecognize and learn terms for same-meaning words (synonyms),opposite words (antonyms), and same-sounding words (homonyms)hhUse dictionary: guide words, pronunciation, meaning, spellinghhUse helping wordshhCorrectly use:hhIs, are, isn’t, aren’t, and over 30 other irregular verbshhWords such as there, their, they’re; its, it’s red indicates NEW MATERIALComposition••Writing sentences using an assigned word or topic (97)••Completing a sentence (14)••Answering an interrogative sentence with a declarative sentence (12)••Combining short sentences (8)••Rewriting a sentence with correct capitalization / punctuation (22)••Writing••In chronological order••Paragraph / group of sentences about a given topic or picture (7)••Story about a given topic or picture (22, including 13 assigned to Journal)••Friendly letter (3), thank-you letter, addressing an envelopehhBook reports (3)••Journal entries (27)Language Arts: Cursive WritingCursive Writing Skillbook contains a variety of fascinating exercises designed to give third graderscontinued instruction and practice in developing their penmanship skills. Students will receive a thoroughreview of letter formation with an emphasis on correct slant, spacing, and proportion. The manyactivities in the book allow students to review phonics, practice their dictionary skills, and improvetheir creative-writing abilities.Added Enrichment••Animal dictionary to help answer 91 worksheetquestions / exercises••26 animal reports to be copied; 5 of whichare included in a science notebook••50-lesson study of the U.S. state emblems••Grid chart included with information suchas the state capital, bird, flower, tree, andpopular name••13-lesson study of the Canadian provincesand territories••Chart / key included with informationsuch as the state capital, bird, flower,rock, tree, and slogan or popular name••50 lessons including definitions, Bibleverses, and quotations to be copiedinto a character notebook••10 lessons including patriotic songs,poems, documents, and quotes fromfamous Americans that can be copiedinto a patriotic notebookEvaluation••Progress report boxes (11)••Tests (32) red indicates NEW MATERIALSkills Development•• Achieve good writing position:••Sitting properly in desk••Holding pencil correctly••Slanting paper correctly• Perfect writing skills for a good overall appearance:••Correctly writing all upper- and lowercase letters and numbers 0–9hhPerforming correct warm-up procedure using slants, ovals, andbasic letter strokes••Keeping letters uniform in size, slant, and spacing, and makingthem touch the linehhWriting letters 3 /4-space high, using single spacinghhObserving margins••Writing slowly and carefully••Making smooth connections between letters••Using key strokes: slant, loops, tails, humpshhDemonstrate ability to copy from print into cursive••Evaluate writing for personal improvement••Activities including written practice and review••Phonics skills review of all vowels and consonants as well as 132special sounds••Dictionary skills used during Animal Dictionary Study••Accurately reading charts and grids practiced during state andprovince study••Creative writing practice includes 99 original sentences practicinggood sentence structure46

Third GradeLanguage Arts: Spelling & PoetryThird graders will increase their vocabulary as they study the spelling and vocabulary words found inSpelling & Poetry 3. Each list contains words from everyday life and “content words” that include termsfrom other academic areas. Students will learn to spell and define two to three vocabulary words witheach list and learn to use them in good original sentences. They will also build spelling and vocabularyskills by completing a variety of practice exercises.The poetry section acquaints students with a wide variety of good poetry through classroom recitationand memorization. By discussing the meaning and purpose of each poem, students will develop theircomprehension skills.Added Enrichment••Spelling lists (34):••Spelling words (664)••Vocabulary words and definitions (100)••Practice exercises (34)••Spelling games (19)•••Character-building quotations••Teacher resources:••Sentence banks••Practical spelling tips and suggestions••Poetry:• Pronunciation key••Poem introductions include:••Glossary of vocabulary words includes pronunciationand definition of each vocabulary word ••Suggested motions, enrichment••Discussion ideas, historical contentactivities red indicates NEW MATERIALEvaluation••Spelling tests (33)Spelling Skills DevelopmenthhMaster spelling lists•• Use vocabulary words in proper contexthhMemorize vocabulary definitions••Correctly write sentences dictated by teacher using vocabulary words••Create good sentences using spelling and vocabulary words••Apply spelling and phonics concepts through daily:••Teacher-directed oral practice••Independent written practice••Develop dictionary skills••Recognize misspelled words in pairs or sentences••Learn spelling rules:••Use i before e, except after c, or when sounded like a••Double a final consonant before adding a suffix beginning with a vowel••Drop the silent e before adding a suffix beginning with a vowelhhKnow how to form contractionsPoetry Skills DevelopmenthhMemorize 8 lyrical poems••••Recite in unison•••• Develop appreciation of poetry• Perform in front of an audience• Develop appropriate expression and volume• Learn definitions and use of unfamiliar words• Improve comprehension through thinking questionshhDiscuss meaning and purpose of poemshhUse proper observation of punctuationArithmeticA thorough review of the facts and concepts students learned in grades 1 and 2provides the foundation for new material covered in Arithmetic 3. Extensive work isprovided in multiplication and division; word problems up to four steps; Roman numerals;averaging numbers; standard measures; equations; and adding, subtracting,and reducing fractions. Students also benefit from the abundance of review problemsas well as supplementary problems designed to meet individual needs.Evaluation••Skills development exercises (138)••Tests (32) red indicates NEW MATERIALNumbers•• Place value: ones, tens, hundreds, thousands; money••Writing numbers:••From dictation to ten thousands’ place••From number words47Arithmetic cont. p. 48

Third GradeArithmetic cont.Numbers cont.•• Roman numerals:••Value of I, V, X, L, C, D, M••Counting 1–30••Basic rules: the numeral V may not be repeated or subtractedhhMore complex rules for forming Roman numerals••>,

Third GradeArithmetic cont.Division cont.hhMental arithmetic: prob lems combining division, multiplication,subtraction, and addition up to 5 numbershhDivisors: 1 and 2 digitshhDividends: any number of digits, moneyhhRemainders: writing as a fractionhhChecking by multiplicationhhMoneyhhAveraginghhNumber sentences:hhWith unknownshhWith greater / less thanhhOrder of operations (parentheses)Fractions••Parts of a whole:••Halves, thirds, fourthshhFifths, sixths, sevenths, eighths, ninths, tenthshhAny fractional parthhParts of a group: any fractional part•• Finding the fractional part of a whole number:hhWith a mixed number as the answerhhWord problemshhTimed masteryhhReading and writing fractionshhNumber linehhTypes: equivalent, mixed, for a whole numberhhReducing to lowest termshhAdding:hhWith a common denominatorhhMixed numbers with a common denominatorhhSubtracting:hhWith a common denominatorhhMixed numbers with a common denominatorhhComparing fractionsDecimals••Money:••Use of dollar sign and decimal point in additionhhUse of dollar sign and decimal point in subtraction, multiplication,divisionProblem Solving & Applications••Word problems:hhSteps of problem-solving process•• Addition, subtraction, multiplicationhhDivision•• Fractions, moneyhhMeasures:hhDry measures of capacityhhFeet and yards in a milehhLiterhhConverting measureshhMeasurement problems••Clue wordshhUp to 4 steps••Mixed operations••Applications:hhPuzzleshhMultiple combinations••Time, length, money, weight, fractionsTime••Clock: face, hour/minute hands••A.M. and P.M.••Reading and writing time••Table of time:••Seconds, minutes, hours••Days, months••Calendar, yearhhLeap year red indicates NEW MATERIALMoney••Recognition and value of all coins••Counting and combining all coins••Recognize symbols: $ (dollar sign) and . (decimal point)••Word problems, making change••AdditionhhSubtraction, multiplication, division; equationsMeasures••Temperature:••Reading and writing••Terms: degrees••Fahrenheit:••Freezing and boiling points of water; normal body temperature••Celsius:••Freezing and boiling points of waterhhNormal body temperature••Length:••English system: inch, foot, yardhhMile•••• Metric system: centimeter, meter• Weight:• English system: ounce, poundhhTon•••• Metric system: gram, kilogram• Capacity:• English liquid measures: cup, pint, quart, gallonhhEnglish dry measures: pint, quart, peck, gallon, bushelhhMetric system: literhhOrdering measures least to greatesthhConverting from one measure to another within same systemhhAdding unlike measures within same systemhhSubtracting unlike measures within same systemGraphing, Statistics, ProbabilityhhStatistics: averaging49Arithmetic cont. p. 50

Third GradeArithmetic cont.Geometry•• Plane figures:••Recognize and draw shapes:••Circle, rectangle, squarehhParallelogram, rhombus••TrianglehhTrapezoidhhRecognize right angle, parallel linesPre-AlgebrahhFinding the unknown number in an equation red indicates NEW MATERIALHistory & GeographyOur American Heritage is a biographical study of the people who made an impact on American historythrough their character, contributions, and courage. Students will be inspired as they learn more informationabout these great Americans. This chronologically arranged introduction to American historymakes it easier for students to remember important events and provides them with valuable heroesand role models. This 89-lesson course is taught in the spring semester.Added Enrichment•• Important words and names boxes••Timeline of 10 important dates to clearlyshow time period relating to the 22people studied••Important places boxes with map(s) (16)••Comprehension checks (40)••Stop and Think sections: considering howto impact our country for good••Geography worksheets (18)Evaluation••Quizzes (19)••Tests (7) red indicates NEW MATERIALStudy of Our American Heritage throughBiographies of Great PeoplehhChristopher Columbus: discovery of AmericahhJohn Smith: founding of JamestownhhPocahontas: helped save JamestownhhMiles Standish: Pilgrim leader, founding of Plymouth ColonyhhSquanto: an instrument of God, PilgrimshhWilliam Penn: Quaker, founder of PennsylvaniahhBenjamin Franklin: writer, inventor, ambassador, ConstitutionalConventionhhGeorge Washington: general during the War for Independence, firstPresident, Mount VernonhhThomas Jefferson: Declaration of Independence, third President,Monticello, Jefferson MemorialhhDaniel Boone: French and Indian War, pioneer, Wilderness RoadhhNoah Webster: The Blue-Backed Speller, an American dictionaryhhJohn Greenleaf Whittier: “Snow-Bound”hhRobert E. Lee: Civil War; general of Confederate Army; Arlington,Virginia, Lee’s homehhAbraham Lincoln: sixteenth President, Civil War, ended slavery,assassinated, Lincoln MemorialhhClara Barton: American Red Cross SocietyhhUlysses S. Grant: Union general, eighteenth PresidenthhLouisa May Alcott: stories about pioneer life — Little Women, Little MenhhBooker T. Washington: founder of Tuskegee InstitutehhGeorge Washington Carver: director of agriculture at Tuskegee InstitutehhLaura Ingalls Wilder: stories about pioneer life — Little House in theBig Woods, Little House on the Prairie, On the Banks of Plum Creek,By the Shores of Silver LakehhBilly Sunday: baseball, Chicago “White Stockings,” great evangelisthhMartin Luther King, Jr.: segregation ends, Rosa Parks, “I Have a Dream”Geography Study•• Globe, continents, oceans••Map skills:hhMap key, compass rose, map grid, distance scale••Directions•• 50 states taught and reviewed in sections; identification and locationof specific stateshhAppalachian Mountains••Gulf of Mexico, Great Lakes, Mississippi River••Canada, Mexico••Rocky Mountains, Yellowstone National Park, Grand Canyon NationalPark, Yosemite National Park50

Third GradeScienceBeginning with the most important part of God’s creation, man, Exploring God’sWorld teaches students about the human body, with an emphasis on the senseorgans and how they work. After exploring the world of plants, students willlearn how to classify animals as vertebrates and invertebrates. Students will also“visit” the ocean, desert, pond, forest, and field to observe plants and animalsin these environments. Exploring God’s World concludes with a study of theweather. This 75-lesson course is taught in the fall semester.Added Enrichment••Hands-on learning activities in dailylessons (18)••Worksheets (4)••CDs (2; with 16 related stories)Evaluation••Quizzes (18)••Tests (6) red indicates NEW MATERIALHuman BiologyhhNervous System: brain, nerves, spinal cord••Sense Organs:•• Eyes:hhDetailed diagram of eye••Parts of the eye:•• Iris, pupil, lens, retinahhOptic nerve••Protection:hhTears, glasses••Ears:••Sound:hhVibrate, sound waveshhDetailed diagram of ear••Parts of the ear:••EardrumhhOuter ear, auditory (hearing) canal, middle ear, hammer,anvil, stirrup, cochlea, auditory nerve••Protection••Nose:hhOdors: molecules••Tongue:••Taste buds: sweet, salty, sour, and bitter••Skin:••Touch, poreshhSensitivity, perspiring, scab••ProtectionActivities & Demonstrations:hhWatching the pupil change sizeshhDiscovering that two eyes are better than onehhMaking a tin-can telephone••Locating taste buds••Demonstrating:hhMolecules traveling through the airhhSensitivity of nerve endings in the skin (2)hhGrowth of nailsPlants••Seeds:hhSeed coathhNecessary for growth: water, soil, air, right temperature••Flowers:hhPollination••Stems••Leaves:hhPhotosynthesis••Roots••Other ways of growing plants:hhStems, shoots, buds, and cuttingshhSpores and mossesActivities & Demonstrations:••Finding a baby planthhGrowing plants from a sweet potato and white potatohhGrowing a plant from a cutting and a moldhhStudying a piece of mosshhMaking a spore printVertebrateshhCharacteristics: backbones, inside skeleton, classified into five groupshhCorrelating worksheets (2)hhMammals: make milk, have hair, no more than four limbs, warmblooded,lungshhFish: gills, fins, cold-bloodedhhAmphibians: gills and lungs, smooth, moist skin, lay eggs, cold-bloodedhhReptiles:hhCharacteristics: lungs, dry scales, cold-bloodedhhExamples: snakes, lizardshhBirds: feathers, wings, two legs, lungs, bills or beaks, egg toothInvertebrateshhCharacteristics: no backbone, weak muscles, small animals with softbodies, outside skeletons if they have them, cold-blooded••Kinds of invertebrates:••Earthworms:hhSetae, ten heartshhOctopuses: tentacles, defense system, siphonhhStarfish: tube feet, no mouth, can grow a new arm if one is lost••Insects:hhBiggest group of invertebrates••Three main characteristics:••Six legshhThree body parts:hhHead, thorax, abdomen: spiracleshhOuter skeleton51Science cont. p. 52

Third GradeScience cont.Invertebrates cont.hhComplete metamorphosishhSenses: compound eye, antennae••Protection:•• CamouflagehhMimicry••Spiders:hhTwo body parts, spiderlings, ballooninghhExamples: bolas spider, water spiderActivities & Demonstrations:• • Observing insects closelyThe DeserthhAnimals: kangaroo rat, desert tortoise, jack rabbithhPlants: thorns, waxy coats, prickly pearhhHomes: protection from heathhBirds: cactus plantshhSnakes: crevices of rockhhAmphibians: desert toadActivities & Demonstrations:hhOver-watering desert plantsThe OceanhhOceanography, oceanographershhMinerals of the sea: mineral, salt, calciumhhWhy is the ocean so salty?hhThe ocean’s energy: always movinghhLife in the ocean: plankton, baleen whalehhOcean plants make food: algae, food chainhhTide poolshhThe ocean floor: sonar, coral reefs, sedimentActivities & Demonstrations:hhDiscovering why the ocean is saltyhhMaking some limestoneThe PondhhThe pond community: freshwaterhhPlants: pondweed•• Fish, birdshhMuskrat••Amphibians:••FrogshhSalamanders••Reptiles: turtles, snakes••Invertebrates:••Insects:••Dragonfly, damselfly, mosquitohhBack swimmer, water boatman, whirligighhWater strider, surface film••Worms, spidershhSnailsActivities & Demonstrations:hhObserving protozoans in a drop of waterhhSeeing how oxygen is dissolved in waterhhObserving the surface of the waterhhTaking a walk by a pondThe ForesthhThe forest community:hhDepends on treeshhSapsucker, ants red indicates NEW MATERIALhhFood in forest: green plants, trees, food chainhhCorrelating worksheethhTiny forest plants: fungi, bacteria, mushrooms, toadstools•• Trees:hhCrown, trunk, heartwood, sapwood, bark, annual ringshhAutumn colors: nitrogen•• Enjoying the forest: camouflageThe Farmer’s FieldhhSoilhhTopsoil, subsoilhhFertile soilhhTaking care of the soil: rotate, fertilizerhhSoil erosion: gullies••• Animals in the farmer’s field• Earthworms, moles: underground homeshhShrews, skunks, field miceActivities & Demonstrations:hhFinding what’s in the soil••Making an earthworm farmhhTaking a walk through a fieldWeatherhhDefinition of weather••Atmosphere:••Heat•• Water:hhWater vaporhhThree forms: solid, liquid, gas•• WindhhWater cycle: condensation, precipitation, evaporationhhCorrelating worksheet••Types of precipitation:•• Rain, snowhhSleet, hail••Storms:••Thunderstorms:hhHumid, lightning••Hurricane••Tornado:hhTwisterActivities & Demonstrations:hhDiscovering what evaporates fasterhhFinding out if warm air riseshhMaking rain clouds52

Third GradeHealthThe purpose of Health, Safety, & Manners 3 is to teach students about the body God hasgiven them and to encourage them to practice good health, safety, and manners habitseach day. Third-grade students enjoy learning about good posture, personal hygiene,exercise, nutrition, courtesy, first aid, safety, and spiritual growth.Added Enrichment••Comprehension Checks (25)Something You Can Do boxes (42)••Terms to Remember andHabits to Form boxes (29)••The Manners Twins and Safety Sam••Review worksheets for specific topics (2)••Physical exercises (6)••Fun games (3)Evaluation••Quizzes (15)••Tests (4) red indicates NEW MATERIALHealth•• Posture:••Sitting, standing, walkinghhBending, pulling, lifting, pushinghhBones: skull, scapula, clavicle, humerus, sternum, ribs, vertebrae,pelvis, femur, patella, phalangeshhCorrelating worksheet••Good posture habits:hhHead up, shoulders back, back straight, abdomen in••Toes forwardhhMuscles, exercise, and rest:hhMuscles:hhVoluntary muscles: skeletal muscles, biceps, triceps, trapezius,abdominal, facialhhTendonshhInvoluntary muscles: heart and cardiac muscle, diaphragm•••Importance•• Exercise:• Fresh airhhProtein foodshhEndurance exercises:hhRunning, jumping, and swimminghhStrengthens heart and lungs••Good habits for rest:hhTaking a day of rest each week••Amount of sleep needed••Same bedtime each night; going right to sleep••Nutrients:hhDigestive system: esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines,digestive juices••Good digestion habits:••Chewing food well••Eating meals at regular times••Resting or playing quietly for a while before and after meals••Getting fresh air and exercise••Not eating too much at a time••Being pleasant at the tablehhSources and benefits of nutrients: protein; vitamins A, B, C, D, K;minerals; carbohydrates; fats and oils; water and fiber••Balanced diet:hhFood Pyramid’s 5 groups: grains, vegetables and fruits, milk, meatand beans, oils••Good breakfast, lunch, and dinner••Good food choices:••Milk; lean protein foods; foods rich in vitamin C••Variety of cooked and raw vegetables••Fruit or fruit juice••Whole-grain foods: bread, cereal, rice, and pasta••Fats, sugar, and salt••Mealtime:hhManners: using plate, glass, napkin, serving bowl and spoon, eatingutensilshhCorrelating worksheethhHelpers: clothing; jobshhFood labels:hhCheck the datehhCheck the ingredients:hhSugars: honey, molasses, sucrosehhCauses of malnutrition••Good mealtime habits:••Coming to the table clean and on time••Thanking God for the food••Keeping the hand that is not in use in your lap••Keeping elbows off the table••Taking small bites; chewing food well••Not talking with food in mouth; chewing with mouth closed••Using napkin properly••Eating a little bit of every food on the table••Keeping conversations pleasant••Personal hygiene: cleanliness, neatness••Good cleanliness habits:••Bathing daily, with clean washcloth and towel••Washing hands properly••Keeping nails clean and trimmed••Hair grooming: shampooing, using a brush or comb••Wearing clean underclotheshhWearing clean socks53Health cont. p. 54

Third GradeHealth cont.Health cont.• • Skin:hhParts: epidermis, dermis, sweat glands, oil glands••Personal care: bathing, hand-washing, cuticle care••• Hair: washing, lice prevention• Teeth:hhParts and kinds: crown, cusp, root, incisor, cuspid, bicuspid,molarhhOrthodontist••Good dental hygiene habits:••Brushing teeth:hhFluoride toothpastehhFlossing teeth••Regular dental checkups••Disease:hhHow germs enter the bodyhhInfectious diseaseshhFood preparationhhDisease prevention and cures:hhAntibodies, vaccine, smallpox, immunizationhhBacteria, virus, colds, antibiotichhTonsillitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, tetanus, cancerhhEdward Jenner, Florence Nightingale, Louis Pasteur••Good health habits:••Eating a well-balanced diet••Getting adequate exercise, fresh air, and sleep••Keeping your body clean••Having regular doctor and dental checkupshhStaying away from those who have an infectious diseasehhNot sharing drinking glass or foods••Preventing the spreading of cold germs: coughing and sneezinghhNot spittinghhKeeping a clean homehhKeeping food clean and coveredhhKeeping garbage can covered••Using handkerchiefs and tissues••Good habits during sickness:••Drinking liquids••Getting plenty of rest••Eating nourishing foodshhFirst Aid:hhArtificial respiration; signs of infectionhhTypes of wounds: cuts, scrapes, abrasions, punctures, slivers, blisters,bruises, burns, nosebleedshhScab; sterile; antiseptichhSimple and compound fractureshhStrains and sprainshhBites and stings: black widow, brown recluse, rabieshhPoisoninghhElectrical shockhhPracticing good first aid:hhTreating an injury with clean handshhKeeping the bandage sterilehhLetting scabs heal red indicates NEW MATERIALhhCleaning open woundshhTreating blisters, bruises, burns, broken bones, sprained joints,strained muscles correctlyhhRemoving an insect stinger or a tickhhTreating snakebiteshhDealing with breathing a harmful gashhHelping someone who is hurt by electricity••Spiritual, social, and mental health:hhPromoting spiritual growth: God’s Word, prayer, witnessing, obedience••Promoting good social health: putting others first••Promoting good mental health:••Using your mindhhForming good study habits••Thinking right thoughtshhHaving regular responsibilities••Maintaining a cheerful attitudeSafety•• Learn safety habits for preventing falls:••Reaching high items with a stepladder••Keeping things picked up and put away••Cleaning up spilled water or food immediatelyhhReplacing burned-out light bulbs••Learn to play safely:••Not playing in the streethhNot playing around workmenhhListening to your body concerning resthhBeing a good sporthhRecognize poisonous plants: poison oak, poison ivy, poison sumachhPractice street safety:hhAround strangers; pedestrianshhCrossing a busy intersection; duskhhGetting out of a bus••Know these traffic signs:••Stop sign; warning sign; railroad warning and crossing signshhSchool sign••Street safety habits:••Where to safely walk on a street••Crossing busy street; between parked carshhLight-colored clothing for walking at night••Bicycle safety:••Ride on right side of the streethhKeep bike in good working condition••Know bicycle hand signalshhCorrelating worksheethhRide slowly in the rain••Always wear a safety helmet••Walk your bicycle across busy intersectionshhRide single file when with a group••Water safety:hhStaying afloathhGetting in a boathhCalling for help54Health cont. p. 55

Life of David SERIES 13 Lessons—21 Cards1 God Chooses David2 David Kills Goliath3 David and JonathanLesson Guide IncludedFlash-a-Card®abeka.comThird GradeHealth cont.Safety cont.hhGetting a cramp••Water safety habits:••Never swim alone••Get out of the water when tired or coldhhNever jokingly call for help••Never swim during an electrical storm••Fire safety:••Fire drillshhCarbon monoxidehhFlammable liquids••Fire safety habits:•smoke••Stop, drop, and roll• Burning buildings; exiting from a building that is filled withhhTending a campfireManners• red indicates NEW MATERIAL• Being polite, thoughtful:••Saying “please,” “thank you,” “I’m sorry,” “excuse me”hhNot chewing gum in public placeshhDisposing of litter••Showing respect to older peoplehhSpecial manners for boys and girls••Polite conversation••Telephone courtesy: answering, dialing the wrong number••Making introductions••Company manners••Good habits while playing:hhTaking turns; letting others be first; following the ruleshhPlaying your best for your team; being a good sport when losing••Thinking of othersBibleYoungDAVID´.,R/L¨14125015As students embark on their third-grade Bible studies, they will be excited aboutthe new Bible stories they will be learning. These stories include Old TestamentBible characters such as Samuel, David, Elijah, Elisha, Daniel, Esther, Ezra, andNehemiah. As children listen to the events leading up to King David’s rule, theywill see the contrast between King Saul and David. Students will hear examples ofDavid’s heart toward God and that true obedience comes from the heart. Studentswill be challenged to examine their own hearts in their walk with God. red indicates NEW MATERIALEvaluation••Graded memory verse passages (9)••Content tests (6)Lessons 390 A Beka Flash-a-Cards••Salvation Series (5 lessons)hhParables of Jesus Series 1 and 2 (12); Life of Samuel (4)hhYoung David (3); David in Hiding (4)••First Christmas (5)hhElijah (6); Elisha (8); Daniel (6); Esther (5); Ezra and Nehemiah (7)••Crucifixion and Resurrection (9); The First ThanksgivingMusic 36 songs••Hymns of the faith, patriotic songs, holiday songs, choruses including:hh8 new hymns and songs; 8 new chorusesMemory WorkhhNew passages (9) containing 34 verses•• Review verses (54)Doctrinal Drill 37 questions/answers••Increase Bible knowledge of basic doctrines: the Bible, God, sin,salvation, heaven, assurance of salvationPrayer Time••Learn to pray with thanks giving for each other, our nation, those inauthority over us55

Third GradeMusicSongs We Enjoy 3 brings together many of the traditional, patriotic, holiday, and fun songs thatAmerican children have enjoyed singing for generations. Today’s children still love these songs.The sing-along CD makes song time easy for the teacher and delightful for the students. red indicates NEW MATERIALSkills Development 64 songshhExplain meaning of 19 unfamiliar phrases or words in lyricshhSing rounds in two or more parts•••Benefit from fun activities that spark and keep interest:•• Follow a song leader while singing together with class or CD• Echo parts, whistlinghhGroup partshhLearn patriotism through patriotic music and folk songsVariety of Songs to Memorize••Folk, fun songs, spirituals and gospels, patriotic, holiday, AmericanaArts & CraftsArt Projects 3 features some simplified and some finely detailed crafts. Students are introduced tothe concept of secondary colors, the colors of the spectrum, and the use of perspective. Coloring,drawing, modeling, painting and texture techniques build upon what third graders have previouslybeen taught. Students enjoy creating three-dimensional forms using several types of media. red indicates NEW MATERIALSkill & Concept Development 39 projects••Develop concepts through:hhPerspective (8)hhColor wheel (5)••Primary colors; secondary colors; complementary colors (10)hhColors of spectrum (3)••Mixing / blending colors (4)Technique Development•• Enhancing techniques through:••Direction coloring; drawing; 3-D forms (47)hhModeling (9)•• Painting (8)hhAdding texture with various media (5)••Smudging; mixed media collage; mosaics; mobiles (5)••Underhand grip and shading (5)hhWeaving (1)hhDrawing with an overlap (6)hhDrawing with a horizon line (3)hhDrawing with perspective (size/ distance relationship) (4)hhDrawing with animated expressions (1)56

Fourth GradeLanguage Arts: ReadingOutstanding children’s literature by famous authors, combined with colorful art and design, enticesyoung readers to come back for more. Students will be entertained and inspired as they read children’sclassics; stories of missionaries, inventors, and people who overcame difficulties; factual stories about colonialand pioneer Americans; and patriotic stories.Fourth graders will also read two Christian fiction novels that they will use when writing language bookreports. Two speed and comprehension readers will enlarge students’ reading interests, teach them toskim, and develop their reading speed and power of comprehension.Literary Value••140 authors, including such wellknownwriters as E. B. White, LewisCarroll, and Rudyard Kipling••Character-building themes suchas faithfulness, honesty, industry,kindness, perseverance, resourcefulness,and serviceMaterials•• Readers (4) containing:••Short stories (121)••Poems (74)••Christian fiction novels (2)••Speed and comprehension readers (2):••Read & Think 4 Skills Sheets (44)••Adventures in Other Lands exercises (28)••Scripture selections (59) red indicates NEW MATERIALEvaluation•• Weekly oral reading grade••Homework reading quizzes (3)••Vocabulary comprehension quizzes (8)••Speed and comprehension quizzes (72)for timed silent reading exercises andstoriesReading Skills Development• Strive for increased:••Accuracy, fluency, and good expressionhhPace and comprehension while reading silently••Ability to follow along and comprehend as others read orallyhhImprovement of flow••Vocabulary development through words and definitions includedin readershhAbility to read poetry correctlyComprehension, Discussion, & AnalysisSkills Development•• Answer factual and interpretive questions for most stories and poems••Answer inferential comprehension and discussion questions for moststories and poemshhDevelop ability to use deductive reasoning, understand cause andeffect, and draw conclusionshhDetermine main characters, theme, climax, and turning pointLanguage Arts: LanguageGod’s Gift of Language A emphasizes usage and the writing process. Studentsare given extensive instruction on how to write letters, book reports, and evenan encyclopedia report. God’s Gift of Language A also includes a variety ofcreative-writing exercises and excellent sections on using the dictionary andthe encyclopedia. Traditional grammar training continues as students learn torecognize all eight parts of speech; identify simple and compound subjects andverbs; diagram subjects, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs; and learn simple rulesfor correct usage and subject and verb agreement. red indicates NEW MATERIALEvaluation•• Quizzes (23) from quiz /test book••Quizzes (7) dictated or from exercises instudent book••Tests (12)••Graded book reports (7):••Short format (2; each counts as 2 quiz grades)••Long format (3; each counts as test grade)••Oral (2; each counts as test grade)••Encyclopedia report (counts as 2 quiz grades)Grammar•• Capitalization:••First word in every sentencehhFirst word of direct quotations••The word I••Days of week and months of year, but not seasonshhFirst word in every line of poetry••Holidays and special days••First and every important word in:••Titles of bookshhMagazines, newspapers••Poems, stories, songs••Particular person, place, or thinghhWords used as a name such as Mother, Father, Grandmother, andGrandfather••Names referring to God and the Bible57Language cont. p. 58

Fourth GradeLanguage cont.Grammar cont.•• Initials••Title of a person when it comes before a name••Punctuation:••End marks••Commas:••To separate:••Three or more items in a series, city from state in address, Yesor No at beginning of sentencehhOther items in address••To set off words of direct address••After greeting of a friendly letter and closing of any letterhhDirect quotations••Quotation Marks:••Before and after a direct quotationhhBefore and after titles of short stories, poems, songs,chapters, and magazine or newspaper articles••Apostrophes: in contractions and possessive words••Colons:hhTo write timehhIn scripture referenceshhAfter greeting of business lettershhUnderlining titles of books, newspapers, magazines, ships, plays,and works of art••The sentence:••Recognize and write good sentences••Recognize fragmentshhCorrect fragments••Classify a sentence according to its purpose: declarative,interrogative, exclamatoryhhRecognize and classify imperative sentenceshhRecognize and correct run-together sentenceshhUse specifics to write interesting sentenceshhRecognize complete subject and predicate••Identify simple subject and verbhhRecognize verb phraseshhIdentify compound subject and verb••Diagram simple subjects and verbshhDiagram compound subjects and verbshhUnderstand agreement of subject and verb••Parts of speech:hhRecognize all eight parts of speechhhDiagram all parts of speech except preposition and interjection••Verbs:••Action, state of being, helping verbshhCompound verbs; verb phrases••Nouns:hhRecognize compound nouns••Review common and proper nouns••Use nouns as subjects••Review singular and plural nouns••Understand how to make nouns plural red indicates NEW MATERIALh h Pronouns:hhIdentify antecedentshhLearn to correctly use subjective, objective, and possessivepronounshhUnderstand how to diagram pronoun subjects••Adjectives:••Identify adjectiveshhLocate adjectives in the predicate that describe the subjecthhCompare adjectives correctlyhhLearn how to diagram adjectiveshhAdverbs:hhUnderstand adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and adverbshhDistinguish adverbs from adjectiveshhUse good and well correctlyhhUse adverbs and negatives correctlyhhLearn how to diagram adverbshhPrepositions: identify prepositional phraseshhConjunctions: recognize and, but, or, nor, for, yethhInterjections: use correctly••Word study and diction:••The dictionary: alphabetical order, guide words, dictionaryinformationhhUnderstand agreement of subject and verb••Review using these troublesome words correctly: sit, set; its, it’s; your,you’re; their, there; to, too, two; learn, teach; can, may; good, wellhhUnderstand how to use these troublesome words: lie, lay; accept,except; affect, effect; beside, besides; between, among; burst, bust;have, of; less, fewer; off of, off; to, and; wait on, wait forhhUse negative words correctly••Form contractions correctlyComposition•• Write good sentences••Complete various creative writing assignments such as writing abouta picture, describing an event, writing with details, using the rightwords, writing about a maxim, describing a place you would like tovisit, etc. (7 assignments)••Write friendly letters, thank-you notes, properly addressed envelopeshhWrite post cardshhWrite with detailshhGather information by observation and readinghhKnow how to use encyclopedia headings and guide wordshhLearn the Writing Process: read and gather, think and plan, write andrewrite, check and polish, share your resultshhWrite an encyclopedia report using the writing process: take notes;make a rough draft; check, polish, and rewrite the rough drafthhLearn to use the Writer’s ChecklisthhUse the writing process to write a book reporthhUse the checklist for book reportshhPrepare and give oral reports58

Fourth GradeLanguage Arts: PenmanshipPenmanship Mastery I provides daily practice for penmanship excellence. This text emphasizesthe importance of correct formation, spacing, letter size and slant, and overallneatness. Each week’s lessons feature exercises which allow students to practicewriting difficult connections, improve their listening skills, and develop their creativewritingabilities. Students will enjoy the interesting and challenging games in the text. red indicates NEW MATERIALAdded Enrichment••Journal entries including severalcreative writing pages discussing“A Word to Live By" (26)••Creative writing assignments (56)Evaluation••Tests (33)••Progress report boxes (26)Skills Development••Achieve good writing position:••Sitting properly in desk••Holding pencil correctly••Slanting paper correctly••Learn to write:hhWith penshhWith a flowing movement and relaxed grip••Use correct warm-up procedure with slants, ovals, and basic letterstrokes••Correctly write all upper- and lowercase letters and numbers 0–9••Maintain correct letter formation, uniform slant and size, correct spacing,letters that touch the line, and proper margins for overall appearance••Use key strokes: slant, loops, tails, humps••Evaluate writing for personal improvement••Copy most assignments from print to cursive••Write dictated sentences••Complete a weekly journal entry or “A Word to Live By” assignment••Copy assignments from print to cursive using language skills and scienceand geography factsLanguage Arts: Spelling, Vocabulary, & PoetryAdded Enrichment•Spelling, Vocabulary, & Poetry 4 features a variety of spelling and vocabulary words that are crucial forexpanding each student’s vocabulary. Not only will students learn words that relate to other academicsubjects and words that are commonly used in writing and speaking, but they will also learn the spellingsand postal abbreviations for each of the fifty states. By completing the variety of exercises found in Spelling,Vocabulary, & Poetry 4, students will learn how to use spelling and vocabulary words correctly in theirspeaking and writing. They will also improve proofreading skills.The six poems included in this text have been selected for their beauty of language, literary greatness, andcharacter-building qualities. Fourth graders will improve their comprehension skills as they learn how todevelop a mental visualization of each poem.• Spelling and vocabulary:••Spelling lists (34) including reviewlist at end of each 9 weeks:••Total words (642)••Vocabulary words and definitions(233)••Practice exercises (38)••Spelling games (19)••Pronunciation key••Poetry:••Glossary of vocabulary words••Poem introductions include discussion••Bible verses and references encouraging ideas, some historical content, andgood character traitsinformation about the author••••Quick-reference spelling rules in text CD included to help with correct••For teachers: sentence banks; practicalinterpretation••spelling tips and suggestionsVocabulary words and definitions witheach poem red indicates NEW MATERIALEvaluation••Spelling tests (34)Spelling & Vocabulary Skills DevelopmenthhMaster spelling and vocabulary lists•••Memorize vocabulary definitions••••Further develop dictionary skills•• Use vocabulary words in proper context• Correctly write sentences dictated by teacher using vocabulary words• Create good sentences using spelling and vocabulary words• Apply spelling and phonics concepts through daily teacher-directedoral practice and independent written practice59hhLearn background information on some spelling and vocabulary wordshhProofread for spelling errors: recognizing misspelled words in pairs,lists, and sentenceshhLearn the spellings and abbreviations of the fifty states••Learn rules:••Use i before e, except after c, or when sounded like a••Double a final consonant before adding a suffix beginning with avowel••Drop the silent e before adding a suffix beginning with a vowelSpelling, Vocab., & Poetry cont. p. 60

Fourth GradeSpelling, Vocabulary, & Poetry cont.Spelling & Vocabulary Skills Development cont.hhLearn when to change y to i when adding suffixeshhLearn some exceptions to ie rulePoetry Skills DevelopmenthhMemorize 5 lyrical poems and a portion of 1 epic poem••Develop appreciation of poetry•• Perform in front of an audience••Recite in unison••Develop appropriate expression and volume••Learn definitions and use of unfamiliar wordshhImprove comprehension of emotion and contenthhDevelop mental visualization of the poem••Discuss meaning and purpose of each poem••Use proper observation of punctuationhhLearn the term stanza red indicates NEW MATERIALArithmeticThe colorful daily worksheets in Arithmetic 4 provide practice over familiar concepts andnew material. The four basic processes are taught and reviewed, as well as multiplying anddividing by two-digit numbers, estimation, square measures, writing decimals as fractions,and simple geometry. A major emphasis is on working with proper and improper fractions;adding, subtracting, and multiplying fractions; and finding the least common denominator.Students will continue to solve multi-step word problems which encourage the applicationof concepts being learned. red indicates NEW MATERIALEvaluation••Biweekly quizzes (16)••Biweekly tests (17)••Daily skills developmentexercises (136)Numbers••Place value:hhWhole numbers to the 100 millions’ placehhDecimals to the thousandths’ placehhWriting numbers from dictation to the 100 millions’ place••Roman numerals:••Value of I, V, X, L, C, D, M•• Basic rules for Roman numeralshhMore complex rules for forming Roman numerals•••With unknowns••Order of operations (parentheses)•• Number sentences:• Even/odd numbershhEstimating: product, quotient, divisorAddition•• Addition families 1–18: mixed order••Timed mastery••Terms: addend, sum••Missing sign••Word problems••MoneyhhMental arithmetic: problems combining addition, subtraction,multiplication, and division up to 7 numbers••Carrying to any position••Checking by addition••Addends: column addition••Averaging••Fractions:••With common denominatorshhWith uncommon denominators••MeasureshhDecimals60Subtraction•• Subtraction families 1–18: mixed order••Timed mastery••Missing signhhMental arithmetic: problems combining subtraction, addition,multiplication, and division up to 7 numbers••Word problems••Terms: minuend, subtrahend, difference••Borrowing from a whole number or zero in any position••Money and measures••Number sentences: with unknowns, order of operations••Checking by addition••Fractions:••With common denominatorshhWith uncommon denominatorshhDecimalsMultiplication••Multiplication facts: 0–12 tables••Word problems••Timed mastery••Terms: factor, product, partial product••Missing signhhMental arithmetic: problems combining multiplication,division, addition and subtraction up to 7 numbers••Multiplying with:••1 or 2 digitshh3 digits••Carrying••Checking by reversing factors••Number sentences: with unknowns, order of operations (parentheses)••MoneyArithmetic cont. p. 61

Fourth GradeArithmetic cont.Multiplication cont.hhFactors:hhFactoringhhFinding common factors and greatest common factorhhFractions:hhUsing cancellationhhMultiplying fractions with whole and mixed numbershhEstimation of productDivision•• Division facts: 1–12 tables••Word problems••Steps of division••Terms: dividend, divisor, quotient••Missing sign••Timed masteryhhMental arithmetic: problems combining division, multiplication,addition, and subtraction up to 7 numbers••Divisor: 1 and 2 digits••Dividends: 2 and 3 digits or more••Remainders written as a fraction••Checking by multiplication••Money••Averaging••Number sentences: with unknowns; order of operations (parentheses)hhEstimating quotients, divisorshhDivisibility rules for dividing by 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10Fractions•• Parts of a whole or group••Word problems••Timed mastery••Terms: numerator, denominator••Number words••Reading and writing fractions••Number line••Types:hhProper, mixed, improperhhWrite as whole or mixed number••Reducing:hhFinding least common denom inatorhhAnswers to lowest terms using greatest common factor••Addition:••With common denomi natorshhWith uncommon denomi nators••Subtraction:hhWith common and uncommon denomi natorshhWith borrowinghhMultiplication:hhUsing cancellationhhWith whole or mixed numbers••Equivalent fractionsDecimals••MoneyhhDecimal point61 red indicates NEW MATERIALhhReading and writing: writing a decimal as a fractionhhPlace value to the tenths’, hundredths’, thousandths’ placeshhAddition and subtractionProblem Solving & Applications•• Word Problems:••Steps of problem-solving process••Addition, subtraction••Multiplication, division••Fractions, money, measures••Finding averageshhDecimalshhGeometry: area, perimeter••Graphs, clue words••1, 2, and 3 steps••Mixed operationshhEstimating answershhApplications for broader and deeper understanding of concepts:fractions, length, weight, graphs, geometryTime•• Table of time:••Second, minute, hour, day••Week, year, leap yearh h Decade, score, century, millenniumMoney•• Know values of all coins••Recognize symbols: $ (dollar sign) and . (decimal point)••Money problems with mixed operations••Making changehhCounting back changeMeasures•• Temperature:••Reading and writing••Terms: degrees••Celsius and Fahrenheit:hhDetermining if a Celsius temperature is cold or hot••Freezing and boiling points of water••Normal body temperature••Length:••English: inch, foot, yard, mile••Metric:hhMillimeter••CentimeterhhDecimeter••MeterhhDecameter, hectometer, kilometer••Weight:••English: ounce, pound, ton••Metric:hhMilligram, centigramhhDecigram••GramhhDecagram, hectogram••KilogramArithmetic cont. p. 62

Fourth GradeArithmetic cont.Measures cont.•• Capacity:••English:hhFluid ounce••• Cup, pint, quart, gallon• Peck, bushelhhTeaspoon, tablespoon••Metric:hhMilliliter, centiliter, deciliter••LiterhhDecaliter, hectoliter, kiloliter••Ordering measures least to greatest••Converting from one measure to another within same system••Subtracting unlike measures within same systemhhSquare measures: square inches, feet, and yardshhMetric prefixes: milli-, centi-, deci-, deca-, hecto-, kilo-hhTimed masteryGraphing, Statistics, Probability•• Statistics: averaging••Graphs:••Pictographs, bar graphs, scale drawings, line graphshhReading and completinghhFinding distance on scale drawingsGeometry••Plane figures:hhSimple closed curve, polygon•••Triangle•• red indicates NEW MATERIAL• Quadrilateral: parallelogram, rectangle, square, rhombus, trapezoid• Angles:• RighthhCongruenthhLines:hhLine segment, line, rayhhIntersecting lineshhTerms: point, perpendicular, parallelhhPerimeter of a polygon: formulas for rectangle, squarehhRecognize models and symbols:h h• (point); — (line segment)h h (line); —> (ray)h h< (angle)hhConcept of area: finding area of rectangle, squarePre-Algebra••Finding the unknown number in an equationHistory & GeographyThe History of Our United States is a high-interest, inspiring, narrative approach to American history.The lively writing style and outstanding visual features make the student’s first formal study of UnitedStates history a positive, enjoyable experience. As they learn how the United States of Americacame to be a nation, who its famous people have been, and what important events have taken placein its history, students learn to love, respect, defend, and protect their native land. Through thisstudy of American history, students are given ideals to reach for and aspirations to follow.Added Enrichment••Chapters include:••Important new words, names, places,and dates••Maps (14) and time lines (9) of importantdates of events••Comprehension checks (53)••Chapter checkups (18)••Special feature boxes with in-depthstudy (15):••Important U.S. leaders, inventors, andmissionaries••Interesting facts of the events in U.S. history••My State Notebook for individual state study••Map Study Skills worksheets (47)Evaluation••Printed quizzes (29)••Homework quizzes (4)••Tests (10)••9-weeks exam (4) red indicates NEW MATERIALU.S. History Study••Years of discovery:hhEurope explores New WorldhhNorth America claimed for England••Years of exploration:hhSpain: conquest of Mexico, De Soto discovers MississippihhFrance: Cartier explores New World, first French settlement in NewWorldhhEngland: Drake the Dragon, “sea dogs”62History & Geography cont. p. 63

Fourth GradeHistory & Geography cont.U.S. History Study cont.••First Americans:hhDifferences in American Indian homes, transportation, gameshhMissionaries to American Indians: John Eliot, Roger Williams, JohnWesleyhhSequoya, Jim Thorpe••English come to America:hhRoanoke, the lost colony••Jamestown: first lasting colony••The Pilgrims: lovers of religious freedom••New England Colonies:hhMassachusetts Bay Colony: Puritans, religious freedom for somehhRhode Island: religious freedom for allhhNew Hampshire: John MasonhhConnecticut: Thomas Hooker, Fundamental Orders of Connecticut••Middle and Southern Colonies:••Who settled them:hhNew York: Dutch, French, BritishhhDelaware: Dutch, Swedish, EnglishhhNew Jersey: Dutch, English••Pennsylvania:hhSwedish••Quakers, William Penn••Virginia:••EnglishhhHouse of Burgesses, elected representativeshhMaryland: Catholic, religious freedomhhThe Carolinas: England, Charles Towne, plantationshhGeorgia: English, James Oglethorpe••Colonial life:hhHome: house-raising, homespun clotheshhCommunication: town criers, circuit-riding preachers••Education:••Hornbook, New England PrimerhhDame school, old-field schools, Harvard••The Great Awakening:hhRevival, Jonathan Edwards, John Wesley, George Whitefield, DavidBrainerd••French & Indian War:••George Washington: officer in colonial armyhhGeneral Edward Braddock: commander of English armyhhNew France: land French claimed in New World••American War for Independence:hhColonists demand their rights as Englishmen:hhStamp Act, King George IIIhhRepresentatives, taxeshhBoston Massacre, Boston Tea PartyhhThe war begins:hhFirst Continental Congress: decision to boycott English goodsh h“Minutemen”••Paul ReverehhPatrick Henry, patriots, Loyalists, TorieshhLexington, Concord red indicates NEW MATERIALhhThe American colonies fight for independence:hhSecond Continental Congress: decision to write Declaration ofIndependencehhBattle of Bunker HillhhEthan Allen, Green Mountain Boys, Hessians••Declaration of Independence is written:••Thomas JeffersonhhJohn Hancock: President of Second Continental Congress••The war continues:••General George Washington: became commander in chief of colonialarmyhhNathan Hale, Betsy RosshhAmerica wins its freedom:hhBattle of SaratogahhValley ForgehhJohn Paul Jones, Lord Cornwallis••YorktownhhTreaty of Paris••Building a new nation:••Articles of Confederation••Constitutional Convention••Constitution of the United StateshhCongress, Supreme CourthhBill of Rights, republic••George Washington••Washington, D.C.:hhBenjamin Banneker••Our nation grows:••America pushes farther west:••Daniel Boone, Wilderness Road, KentuckyhhNorthwest TerritoryhhLand Ordinance of 1785hhNorthwest Ordinance of 1787hhUnited States doubles its size—Louisiana Purchase:hhCaptain Meriwether Lewis, Captain William ClarkhhWar of 1812:hhNapoleon Bonaparte••Francis Scott Key••Fort McHenry••“The Star-Spangled Banner”hhThe purchase of Florida: James MonroehhThe Second Great Awakening:hhFrancis AsburyhhCircuit-riding preachers; Peter CartwrighthhThe U.S. gains the Southwest:hhAlamo, Santa AnnahhDavy Crockett, General Sam HoustonhhWar with Mexico, Mexican Cession, Gadsden PurchasehhThe great Gold Rush to California: John Sutter, “forty-niners,”statehoodhhOregon Territory: Oregon Trail, Marcus and Narcissa Whitman••New schools and schoolbooks:••Noah WebsterhhWilliam H. McGuffey63History & Geography cont. p. 64

Fourth GradeHistory & Geography cont.U.S. History Study cont.••The Civil War:••Before the war:••North and South differ on slavery••Abraham Lincoln: President of UnionJefferson Davis: President of Confederate StateshhEli Whitney and cotton ginhhFree states, slave stateshhMissouri Compromise••Civil War:hhFort Sumter, blockadehhMerrimac and MonitorhhEmancipation Proclamation••Ulysses S. Grant, Robert E. LeehhBattle of Gettysburg, Gettysburg Address••Appomattox Court House, Virginia••After the war:••John Wilkes Booth: shot President LincolnhhAndrew Johnson: President after Lincoln died••New frontiers:••Rebuilding the South: Booker T. Washington, Tuskegee Institute,George Washington Carver••The last frontier:••Cowboys, Indians, farmers, reservationshhTranscontinental railroad, Union Pacific Company, CentralPacific CompanyhhPromontory Point, Utah, Homestead Act, Oklahoma Land RushhhCyrus McCormick••Age of progress:••A growing nation: immigrants••Spreading the Gospel:••Billy SundayhhCharles Finney, Dwight L. Moody, Adoniram JudsonhhSteel and oil (ingredients for success): Andrew Carnegie, SirHenry Bessemer, John D. Rockefeller, Standard Oil••Inventions (new ways to do things):••Pony ExpresshhSteamboat, telegraph, Morse code, telephonehhThomas EdisonhhAssembly linehhOrville and Wilbur Wright••Beyond our boundaries:hhAlaska: Russian America, William H. Seward, territory, goldhhHawaii: Captain James CookhhSpanish-American War: Cuba, Theodore Roosevelt, RoughRiders, San Juan Hill, Guam, Puerto RicohhPanama Canal: Isthmus of Panama••The World Wars:hhWorld War I (1914–1918):hhAllied Powers, Central Powers, neutral nationshhArchduke Ferdinand, President Woodrow WilsonhhGerman U-Boats, Lusitania, Zimmermann NotehhLeague of NationshhBetween the World Wars: Roaring Twenties, Great Depression,dictators arise red indicates NEW MATERIALhhWorld War II (1939–1945): Poland, Franklin D. Roosevelt, AxisPowers, Allies, Pearl Harbor, V-E Day, atomic bomb, concentrationcampshhContinuing World Problems: United Nations, Harry S. Truman,Communism, Berlin Wall, Korean War••Time for freedom and responsibility:••Freedom and opportunity for all Americans:hhBrown v. Board of Education•• Martin Luther King, Jr.hhCivil Rights Act of 1964hhEnjoying America’s freedoms: Dwight D. Eisenhower, InterstateHighway System, beginning space programhhPreserving freedom: Cold War, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson,Vietnam War, Richard NixonhhReturn to patriotism and family values: Ronald Reagan, ReaganDoctrine, GrenadahhSupreme Court’s influence: Sandra Day O’Connor; Clarence Thomas;John G. Roberts, Jr.hhTimes of testing:hhSaddam Hussein, Iraq, KuwaithhPresident George Bush, Operation Desert Storm, Bill ClintonhhTerrorism, Osama bin Laden, “War on Terror”hhOperation Iraqi FreedomhhHurricane KatrinaMemory Workhh6 documents:hhThe American’s CreedhhPortion of The Declaration of IndependencehhPreamble to the ConstitutionhhFirst Amendment to the ConstitutionhhThe Rights of AmericanshhLincoln’s Gettysburg Address••StateshhCapitalshh44 U.S. PresidentsState History Studyhh6 weeks of lessons including the following information:hhPolitical and physical maps, flower, motto, bird, song, tree, flag,nickname, time line, early settlement,hhHistorical figures, landmarks, government, regions, weather,industries, state capital, my city, citizens, my county, wildlife, plantlife, sports, vacation spotsGeography Study•• Globes, maps, map key, map grid, distance scale, compass rose••Cardinal and intermediate directions••Western and Eastern Hemispheres••Continents and oceans••Equator••North America:••Great LakeshhSeas, bays, gulfs, rivershhCountries••Mountains64History & Geography cont. p. 65

Fourth GradeHistory & Geography cont.Geography Study cont.hhGeographical terms: source and mouth of river, delta, channel,canal, desert, oasis, downstream, upstream, sea level, altitude,mountain, valleyhhAtlas, physical and political maps••U.S. maps:•• StateshhCapitalshh13 original colonies; U.S. expansion red indicates NEW MATERIALScienceUnderstanding God’s World fascinates elementary students from the very beginning bypresenting things that they can see, observe, and understand in the world around them.They learn how to make an insect zoo, how to recognize the plants they see every day,how to attract birds to their own backyard, how to use field guides, how to interpretcloud formations, and how to identify rocks. Students learn to appreciate many aspectsof God’s creative genius by studying the miracle of plant germination, the causes ofweather, the God-given provisions for life on earth, the design of the starry heavens,and the ecology of the ocean depths. red indicates NEW MATERIALAdditional Helps••Additional activities (5)•• CD with 10 related nature stories••Suggested DVDs (5)••Worksheets in Activity Book (44)Evaluation••Printed quizzes (23)••Homework quizzes (3)••Chapter tests (6)••9-weeks exam (3)Science: Let’s Find OuthhLearning about science: what a scientist is, what scientists dohhLearning how to observe:hhObserving North American birds and flowers:hhState bird project: 25 birds memorizedhhCanadian floral emblems project:hh13 provincial floral emblems memorizedInsects•• Ten million designs:••Characteristics:••Invertebrate (has an exoskeleton)••Three body parts: head, thorax, abdomenhhOvipositor••Breathing tubes; spiracles••Insect zoo:••Making a zoohhDistinguishing butterflies from moths••Insect life cycles:••Complete metamorphosishhLaw of biogenesis••Designer heads:hhAntennae with sensilla••Compound and simple eyeshhMouth parts••Designed for motion:••LegshhTypes of wingshhMigrationhhCrickets and grasshoppers: incomplete metamorphosis, differenceshhInsects’ defense: fighting, chemical warfare, scare tactics, disguiseshhInsects communicate: sight, smell, dancing, touch, soundhhWhere insects live: trees, bushes, soil, wood, water65hhDwellings of social insects: nests, hives, moundshhJean Henri Fabre: explorer of backyard wondersActivities & Demonstrations:••Observing insect life••Growing plants from seeds••Making an insect zooPlants•• Designed to produce:••Food (photosynthesis), better airhhBetter soilhhNeedleleaf trees: evergreen, conifershhBroadleaf trees and palms: deciduous, state treeshhFlowers: parts of a flower (sepals, petals, stamens, pistils), pollinators,weeds, daisy (composite) family flowershhSeed design: embryo, cotyledon••Traveling seeds: air, wind, water, animals, people••Germination: water, oxygen, right temperaturehhPoisonous plants••Plants: helpful and beautifulhhGeorge Washington Carver: the plant doctorActivities & Demonstrations:• • Observing three parts of a seed in lima beans; observing germinationBirds•• Birds in your backyard••Recognizing birds: appearance, behavior, habitathhFeeding birds: how, what, whenhhMaking birdbaths and birdhouseshhBirds of the forest••Designer birds: various beaks and feet••Designed for flight:hhBones and feather structure; lifthhSeeing, hearinghhJack Miner Bird SanctuaryScience cont. p. 66

Fourth GradeScience cont.Birds cont.Activities & Demonstrations:hhObserving lifthhMaking a birdbathhhBuilding a bird feeder and birdhouseMatter: Water, Air, & WeatherhhGod’s gift of water (clouds): cirrus, cumulus, stratushhWater for life:hhWater is matter:hhMolecules and atoms, hydrogen and oxygen••Three states of water: water, steam, ice••Water changes state••Water’s energy:•• Energy and force definedhhPotential energy, moving energy••The atmosphere (an ocean of air):••Gases: oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen••Layers of airhhAir’s weight and pressure••Wind (moving air):••TemperaturehhPressure, energy••• Water in air: water cycle• Condensation and precipitation:hhDew, frost•• Kinds of precipitationhhClouds: types and combination types of cloudshhWeather forecasting: meteorologist, predicting weatherhhRobert Boyle: father of chemistryActivities & Demonstrations:• • Observing:hhSurface tension and dissolving substanceshhHow a water wheel workshhThe weight of airhhAir pressurehhThe power of moving air••Evaporation•• CondensationhhMaking a water wheelEnergy: Sound & Hearing•• Sounds all around us:••Vibrations, sound waveshhSpeed of soundhhMaking sound: larynx, vocal cords••Receiving sound:••Parts of the earhhHearing aids, animal earshhHigh and low sounds: frequencyhhSounds that bounce back: echoes, ultrasound, sonarhhPreserving sound: phonograph, stereohhAlexander Graham Bell: inventor of the telephoneActivities & Demonstrations:hhObserving:hhHow sound travelshhSound vibrationshhDemonstrating:hhFrequencyhhHigh and low soundshhObserving how energy bounceshhHearing the difference in sound red indicates NEW MATERIALhhLearning some of the signs in the American manual alphabethhMaking a tin-can telephoneGeology••Our home, the earth:hhSphere, hemispheres••• North Pole, South Pole, equator• Earth’s motion:hhEarth rotates, revolves••Seasons••Oceans and continents:••Facts about oceans and continentshhEarth, a magnethhSoil’s ingredients:hhHumus••Minerals••Layers of soil: topsoil, subsoilhhThe earth’s crust••Water and soil:••ErosionhhConservationhhWater as a builderhhFloodshhRocks: igneous, sedimentary, metamorphicActivities & Demonstrations:hhMeasuring the earthhhLooking at the cause of day and nighthhLearning why winter is coldhhMaking crystals, a compass, a rock collectionOceanography••Paths of the sea:hhMatthew F. Maury: paths of the seahhOceanographyhhContinental shelf and slope: Mariana Trench, fish of the continentalshelfhhOcean floor and open ocean: oceanic ridges, seamounts, fish of thedepths, upper-level fishhhMethods and equipment for exploring the sea: aqualung, submersible,undersea labshhThe sandy sea: where sand comes fromhhSalt and waves: properties and benefits of salt waterhhGiants of the sea:hhMarine mammals: baleen whales, toothed whaleshhThree invertebrates: octopuses, squid, jellyfish66Science cont. p. 67

Fourth GradeScience cont.Oceanography cont.Activities & Demonstrations:hhMaking currentshhObserving water pressurehhSeeing the difference in the density of salt water and fresh waterhhObserving how salt water freezes at lower temperatureshhLearning about jet propulsionAstronomyhhWonders of the night sky: our galaxy, our solar system, planetnames••Seasons, days, and years:hhWeeks; astronomy, astrologyhhPictures in the sky: constellations red indicates NEW MATERIAL••The sun (the greater light):hhDistance from the earthhhSun’s energy and gravity••The moon (the lesser light):hhOur nearest neighborhhApollo 11hhA natural satellitehhA reflector••The origin of the universe:hhCan’t be proved by science••God createdhhExplained in the Bible; we accept by faithActivities & Demonstrations:hhShowing how sunlight affects starlight in the daytimehhShowing how light is absorbed and reflectedhhMaking a star viewerHealthDeveloping Good Health begins with a unit on physical fitness and emphasizes theskeletal, muscular, and respiratory systems. Practical instruction regarding personalhygiene follows a study of the teeth and skin. A chapter on interpersonal relationshipsteaches students how to have a right relationship with God and with others,stressing the necessity of maintaining close family relationships and the importanceof choosing the right friends. red indicates NEW MATERIALAdditional Helps••Chapter content review sheets (2)••Anatomy worksheets (5)••Physical fitness exercises (11)••Demonstration to illustrate how acidattacks teeth••Review games (5)Evaluation••Printed quizzes (9)••Homework quizzes (2)••Tests (3)Physical Fitness•• Skeletal system:••Identify:hhBones, ligamentshhHinge, ball-and-socket, pivot jointshhCranium, carpals, metacarpals•••• Build strong bones: nutrients• Correct posture:• Sitting, standinghhWalking: roll heel to toe••Bending, lifting••Muscular system:hhIdentify skeletal muscles:hhFrontalis, masseters, trapezius, quadriceps, hamstrings••Biceps, triceps, trapezius, abdominal muscleshhSkeletal muscles: work in pairs••Muscles: work by pulling only••Involuntary muscles: cardiac muscle••Exercise:••Benefits of endurance exerciseshhTerms: cramp, strain, aerobic, muscle tonehhCalisthenicshhIsometric exerciseshhRespiratory system:hhProcess of external respiration:hhOxygen and carbon dioxidehhNose:hhFunctions as an air conditionerhhMucus membrane, sinuses, cilia, sinusitishhFight infection: adenoids, tonsilshhIdentify parts of the respiratory system:hhPharynx, epiglottis, trachea, larynxhhBronchi, bronchial tubes, bronchioles, alveolihhDiaphragmhhLung cancerhhAerobic exercise: benefits, requirements, good sportsmanship,preventing injuriesPersonal Hygiene••Teeth:hhFunction:hhAppearance, speechhhDigestion: salivahhStructure of a tooth: enamel, dentin, pulp, cementum, periodontalmembrane67Health cont. p. 68

Fourth GradeHealth cont.Personal Hygiene cont.•• Plaque control:••AcidhhDental caries; forms of sugar••• Keep teeth strong and healthy:• Brushing, fluoride toothpaste, flossinghhResults of poor oral hygiene: halitosis, calculus, periodontaldisease, malocclusionhhTreatment of injured teethBody’s Cover•• Three layers of skin:••Epidermis: callus, pigments, melanin, ultraviolet rays, albinos••Dermis: sebaceous glands, sebum, sweat glandshhSubcutaneous layerhhSigns of infectionhhStructure of hair: hair follicleshhBurns and how to treat themhhFunctions of the skin:hhControlling temperaturehhKeeping out bacteriahhProducing vitamin DhhGathering informationhhProper skin care: nutrition, rest, exercise, water, sunscreenKeys to Good Grooming••Good hygiene for the skin:hhCare for fingernails and toenails••• Clean clothes and appropriate dress• Keeping the home cleanRight Relationships•• Receiving everlasting life••Having healthy relationships with God and others red indicates NEW MATERIALBibleUsing the foundation that has been laid from preschool to third grade, fourth graders reviewthe stories of Jesus’ birth; Jesus’ miracles; and His death, burial, and resurrection that provideevery individual an opportunity to accept the free gift of salvation. Not only will students attainknowledge of Christ’s earthly ministry, but they will also learn about Joshua and Ruth’s faith andGod’s abundant blessing in their lives. Among the many Bible stories taught in fourth grade arethose about the apostle Paul’s life. Students will not only learn about the successes and oppositionsPaul experienced on his three missionary journeys, but they will also be amazed by the manymiracles God performed on Paul’s behalf.Evaluation••Graded memoryverse passages (8)••Content tests (5) red indicates NEW MATERIALLessons 405 A Beka Flash-a-Cards••Salvation Series (5 lessons)••Genesis Series (21): Creation, Adam, Cain; Enoch, Noah, Babel; Abrahamand Isaac; Jacob; Joseph••The First Thanksgiving•• Life of Christ Series (36): First Christmas; Boyhood and Early Ministryof Jesus; Jesus Heals and Helps; Later Ministry of Jesus; Crucifixionand Resurrection••Life of Paul Series 1 and 2 (14)Music 36 songs••Choruses, hymns of the faith, holiday songs, patriotic songs including:hh12 new hymns and songs; 11 new chorusesMemory WorkhhNew passages (11) containing 68 verses•• Review verses (74)hhBooks of the Bible, sword drillsDoctrinal Drill 60 questions/answers••Increase Bible knowledge of basic doctrines: the Bible, God, sin, salvation,heaven, assurance of salvationhh8 questions with verses to memorize as answersPrayer Time••Learn to pray with thanks giving for each other, our nation, those inauthority over usSword Drillshh110 Old and New Testament references to find68

Fourth GradeMusicAmerican music reflects the spirit and strength of its people, telling the history of our country’sstruggle for independence, growth, and expansion. America’s rich, colorful legacy is essential to achild’s education. Songs We Enjoy 4 brings together traditional, patriotic, holiday, and fun selectionsthat students have enjoyed singing for generations. The sing-along CD makes song timeenjoyable for the students and easy for the teacher. red indicates NEW MATERIALSkills Development 66 songs••Follow a song leader while singing with class or CDhhDefine and explain 22 unfamiliar words and phrases in lyrics•• Aid in understanding a song’s messagehhCount a steady rhythm in songs••Enunciate silly wordshhSing a two-part canon and rounds of 3 or more parts••Echo sing parts••Use dynamic contrast in music••Improve coordination skills through motion songshhLearn historical facts through patriotic, folk, and Americana musicVariety of Songs to Memorize••Folk, fun, patriotic, spirituals and hymns, holiday, Americana, songsat seaArts & CraftsIn Art A, students are introduced to the fundamental principles of color and perspective. These conceptsare introduced and practiced using basic drawing, coloring, and painting techniques with coloredpencils and watercolors. A decorative calendar begins each monthly selection, and suggestions for interestingvariations and further practice stimulate creativity. This art book has been carefully organizedand illustrated so that students may work in them independently or as a class. red indicates NEW MATERIALConcept Development 39 projects••Primary and secondary colors (14)hhIntermediate colors (4)•• Complementary colors (6)hhNeutral and analogous colors (5)••Colors of spectrum (3); color wheel (10)••Perspective (3)Technique Development••Drawing: template, freehand, animation (8)••Modeling (7)hhPainting: wash (2)•• Texture, weaving (4)••Paper curling, folding, and shaping (6)hhDuplicating (1)hhProportion (2)••Motion lines (2)••Translucent and cut-paper sculpture (3)••Lettering (13)69

Fifth GradeLanguage Arts: ReadingFifth graders will travel to other lands, other times, or just around the block while reading the characterbuildingstories in their three readers. While reading classic stories of foreign lands, other time periods,great achievers, inventors, and men and women who made America great, young readers are introducedto a variety of literature and provided with a rich literary heritage.A Christian fiction novel and a biographical novel will be used for language book reports. Two speed andcomprehension readers will whet students’ appetites for a wider range of reading, while they challengeeach student to learn how to read quickly for information, with a strong emphasis on comprehension.Literary Value••125 authors, including well-known writerssuch as Louisa May Alcott, FrancesHodgson Burnett, Beverly Cleary,Rudyard Kipling, and Mark Twain••Character-building themes such asbravery, charity, compassion, contentment,determination, duty, faith,teamwork, and forgivenessMaterials•• Readers (3) containing:••Short stories (97)••Poems (62), plays (2), songs (4)••Scripture selections (4)••Christian fiction novel (1)••Biographical novel (1)••Speed and comprehension readers (2):••Read & Comprehend 5 Skill Sheets (42)••Adventures in Nature exercises (31) red indicates NEW MATERIALEvaluation•• Weekly oral reading grade••Speed and comprehension quizzes (73)for timed silent reading exercises andstories••Weekly vocabulary comprehensionquizzes (33)Reading Skills Development•• Strive for increased:••Accuracy, fluency, phrasing••Good expression, comprehension••Improvement of flow••Ability to follow along and comprehend as others read orally••Vocabulary development through words and definitions included inreaders••Pace and comprehension while reading silently••Ability to read poetry correctlyComprehension, Discussion, & AnalysisSkills Development•• Answer factual and interpretive questions for most stories and poems••Answer inferential comprehension and discussion questions••Improve ability to use deductive reasoning, understand cause andeffect, and draw conclusions••Determine main characters, theme, climax, and turning pointLanguage Arts: LanguageAs well as providing a thorough review of capitalization, punctuation, and the parts of speech, God’sGift of Language B deepens students’ knowledge of grammar and increases their writing skills. Studentswill be introduced to the four main types of complements and to additional rules for punctuation.They will learn how to diagram prepositional phrases and complements. Students’ writing skillswill improve as they learn how to write effective topic sentences and paragraphs and how to usetransitional words. Skills learned in outlining, note taking, and preparing a bibliography will aid fifthgraders in writing an encyclopedia report and a library research report.Evaluation••Quizzes from quiz/test book (12)••Exercises from student book(9; each counts as a quiz grade)••Tests from quiz/test book (11)••Encyclopedia report (counts as test grade)••Library research report (counts as 2 test grades)••7 graded book reports:••Short format (2; each counts as 2 quiz grades)••Long format (3; each counts as test grade)••Oral (2; each counts as test grade) red indicates NEW MATERIALGrammar•• Capitalization:••First word in every line of poetry, every sentence, and direct quotations70••Pronoun I••Proper nouns:••Names, initialshhNationalities, races, religionsLanguage cont. p. 71

Fifth GradeLanguage cont.Grammar cont.• • Days, holidays, monthshhHistorical events or periods, organizations, businesses, ships,awards••Other particular nouns••Geographical locations: streets, cities, states; regions of thecountry or world; countries, continents••Geographical featureshhRecreational areas, planetshhProper adjectives••• First and last words and all important words in the following titles:• Books, magazines, poems, and storieshhPlays, paintings, and other works of art••Title of person before a namehhTitles used instead of a name in direct address••Nouns referring to the Bible; nouns and pronouns referring to God••Punctuation:••End marks••Commas:••To separate three or more items in a serieshhTo separate two or more adjectives before a nounhhBefore coordinating conjunctions joining a compound sentence••To separate items in a date or address••After salutation of a friendly letter and closing of any letter••After well, yes, no, and why at beginning of sentence••To set off words of direct address, direct quotation••Apostrophes:••To form contractions and possessive wordshhTo form the plural of letters•••To write time••• Colons:• After salutation of business letters• In Scripture referenceshhHyphens: to divide a word at end of linehhSemicolons: to separate simple sentences not joined by conjunction••Underline:••Titles of books, newspapers, ships, plays, sculptures, paintings,and other works of arthhTitles of films, planes, trains••Quotation marks:••With direct quotations••With titles of short stories, poems, songs, chapters, articles, otherparts of books, magazines, and newspapers••The sentence:••Know definitions of sentence, subject, predicate••Find subjects and verbs: compound, simple••Indentify four types of sentences: declarative, imperative,interrogative, exclamatory••Recognize simple and compound sentenceshhDiagram compound sentences••Correct run-on sentences and fragmentshhIdentify complements: direct objects, indirect objects, predicatenominatives, predicate adjectives, objects of prepositionhhAvoid wordinesshhFind the subject and verb: red indicates NEW MATERIALhhInverted order (interrogative sentences)hhThere and other words when beginning the sentence•••Recognize and diagram all eight parts of speech:•• Parts of speech:• Noun as subjecthhNoun as predicate nominative, direct object, indirect object, andobject of the preposition••Verb, pronoun, adjective, adverbhhPreposition••ConjunctionhhInterjection••Verbs:••Action, state of being, helpinghhLinking••Verb phrasehhPrinciple parts of verbs••Spelling rules for verb endingshhIrregular forms of principle parts••Correct and effective verbshhCorrect use of troublesome verbs: burst, busted; attacked,attackted; brought, brung; climbed, clumb; drowned, drownded;ate, et; eaten, aten; grew, growed; sneaked, snuck; stole, stoled;threw, throwed; thought, thunk••Nouns:••Common, proper, compound, plural••Nouns as antecedents, subjectshhNouns as direct object, indirect object, predicate nominative,object of preposition••Pronouns:••Personal pronouns (subject, object, possessive)hhCompound, interrogative, demonstrativehhSubject and verb agreement with pronouns••Adjectives:••ProperhhAdjectives that look like verbs••Possessive nouns and pronouns as adjectiveshhPredicate adjectiveshhDistinction between adjectives modifying noun and a compoundnounhhPositive, comparative, and superlative degreeshhComparison of irregular adjectives••Adverbs:••Know adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs••Distinguish adjectives from adverbs••Use modifiers correctly••Use good and well correctly••Use adverbs and negatives correctlyhhCompare adverbs••Prepositions:••Prepositional phrase••Object of prepositionhhAdjective or adverb phrase••Preposition or adverbhhDiagram prepositional phrases71Language cont. p. 72

Fifth GradeLanguage cont.Grammar cont.•• Conjunctions: and, but, or, nor, for, yet••Interjections:••PunctuationhhDiagram••Word study and diction:••Use the best words; use specific words••Understand synonyms, homonyms, and antonyms••Use the dictionaryhhUse the thesaurus••Correctly use:••Between, among; can, may; less, fewerhhAmount, numberComposition red indicates NEW MATERIALhhWrite a book report with character sketch using the Writing Process••Use a checklist for book reports••Write:••Friendly letters••Post cards•• Thank-you noteshhParagraphs with a topic sentence••Paragraphs with unity•• Write with detailshhWrite dialoguehhComplete creative writing assignments including a poem, narrative,biography, Bible story, dialogue, paragraphs, etc. (8)hhMake topical and sentence outlines••Use the encyclopedia and Writing Process to write an encyclopediareport: taking notes, writing a rough draft, rewriting••Use the Writing Process for a library research report:hhMake a preliminary outlinehhTake noteshhWrite bibliography cardshhMake a final outlinehhWrite the rough draft, a second rough draft, and the final draftLanguage Arts: PenmanshipPenmanship Mastery II concentrates on what fifth graders need most—practice with“trouble-maker” letters. Each week’s lessons provide practice with basic letter sizeand formation, correct pen grip, slant, and overall neatness. Students are given theopportunity to employ their skills through a variety of interesting activities such asword studies and creative writing exercises. Each week, students will also complete acreative writing assignment, including a biweekly journal entry. red indicates NEW MATERIALAdded Enrichment••Journal compilation (16)••Creative writing assignments (39)Evaluation••Tests (34)••Progress report boxes (32)Skills Development•• Maintain good writing position:••Sitting properly in desk••Holding pencil correctly••Slanting paper correctly••Write in ink with a relaxed grip and flowing movement••Use correct warm-up procedure with slants, ovals, basic letter strokes••Correctly write all upper- and lowercase letters and numbers 0–9••Maintain correct letter formation, uniform slant and size, correctspacing, letters that touch the line, and proper margins for successin writing legibly••Use key strokes: slant, loops, tails, and humps••Evaluate writing for personal improvement••Copy most assignments from print to cursive••Be able to write sentences as dictated••Write topical journal entries and other creative writing assignments••Copy assignments from print to cursive using language skills and scienceand geography factshhComplete challenging and fun assignments using poetry, wordpuzzles, and jokes72

Fifth GradeLanguage Arts: Spelling, Vocabulary, & PoetryIn order to achieve spelling mastery, students must learn how spelling “works.” Spelling, Vocabulary, &Poetry 5 allows students to understand how spelling “works” by teaching them to examine words andapply spelling and phonics rules. They will also learn the spelling and abbreviation for each book of theBible and the difference between pairs of words commonly used as synonyms, antonyms, or homonyms.A variety of exercises allows fifth graders to recognize misspelled words, practice using spelling andvocabulary words in sentences, and improve their proofreading skills. Students will enjoy memorizingand reciting the six character-building poems that have been included in this text.Added Enrichment•• Spelling and vocabulary:••Spelling lists (34) including a reviewlist at the end of each 9 weeks:••Spelling words (725)••Vocabulary words (300)••Organized by topic (29)••Practice exercises (68) including cumulativereview of vocabulary words anddefinitions••Spelling games (19)••Poetry:••Pronunciation key••Poem introductions include: discussion••Spelling rules in text for quick reference ideas, some historical content, and••Teacher resources:information about the author••••Sentence bankCD included to help with interpretation••••Vocabulary words and definitions withPractical spelling tips and suggestionseach poem red indicates NEW MATERIALEvaluation••Spelling tests (34)Spelling & Vocabulary Skills DevelopmenthhMaster spelling and vocabulary lists including:hhVocabulary words and definitionshhSynonyms and homonymshhAntonyms••Use vocabulary words in proper context••Memorize vocabulary definitions•• Correctly write sentences dictated by teacher using vocabularywords••Create good sentences using spelling and vocabulary words••Proofread for spelling errors: recognize misspelled words in pairs,lists, and sentences••Apply spelling and phonics concepts through daily teacher-directedoral practice and independent written practice••Learn background information on some spelling and vocabulary wordshhLearn the spelling and abbreviation for each book of the BiblehhDistinguish between pairs of words commonly used as synonyms,antonyms, or homonyms••Learn spelling rules:••Use i before e, except after c, or when sounded like a••Double a final consonant before adding a suffix beginning with a vowel••Know when to change y to i when adding suffixes••Drop the silent e before adding a suffix beginning with a vowelhhLearn:hhExceptions to the final e rulehhWords that follow no spelling patternhhHow to choose the correct ending for spelling words with soundalikesuffixeshhRules for standard plural nounshhCompound words and words with hyphensPoetry Skills DevelopmenthhMemorize 5 lyrical poems and 1 hymn••Develop appreciation of poetry••Perform in front of an audience••Recite in unison••••••• Develop appropriate expression and volume• Learn definitions and use of unfamiliar words• Improve comprehension of emotion and content• Develop mental visualization of the poem• Discuss meaning and purpose of each poem• Use proper observation of punctuation73

Fifth GradeArithmeticAn information box, abundant practice of new and review concepts and facts, anddaily word problems are key features of Arithmetic 5. Problem-solving strategiesare scattered throughout the text to help students acquire the skills necessary tobe expert problem solvers. Emphasis is placed on topics such as whole numbers,fractions, decimals, measurement and algebraic equations, and basic geometricproblems.Evaluation••Biweekly tests (17)••Biweekly quizzes (17)••Daily skills development exercises (135) red indicates NEW MATERIALNumbers••Place value:hhWhole numbers to the 100 billions’ place••Decimals to the thousandths’ place•• Counting sequenceshhWriting numbers from dictation to the 100 billions’ place••Roman numerals:••Value of I, V, X, L, C, D, M••Basic rules for Roman numerals••More complex rules for forming Roman numerals:hhSubtract a numeral only from the next two greater numeralshhTerms: notation, numeration••Comparing••Recognize symbols:••> (greater than); < (less than)hh≠ (unequal)hhRounding: whole numbers, money, deci mals, timed mastery••Number sentences: greater or less than••Estimating:hhSum, difference••Product, quotientAddition•• Addition families 1–18 in mixed order••Timed mastery••Terms: addend, sum••Missing sign••Word problems••MoneyhhMental arithmetic: problems combining addition, subtraction,multiplication, and division up to 13 numbers••Carrying to any position••Checking by:••AdditionhhCasting out 9s••Addends: column addition••Averaging••Fractions with common and uncommon denominators••MeasureshhDecimals with annexing zerosSubtraction•• Subtraction families 1–18 in mixed order••Timed mastery••Missing signhhMental arithmetic: problems combining subtraction, addition,multiplication, and division up to 13 numbers••Word problems••Terms: minuend, subtrahend, difference••Borrowing from any position••Money••Checking by addition••Fractions with common and uncommon denominators••MeasureshhDecimals with annexing zeros••Number sentences: greater or less thanMultiplication••Multiplication facts: 0–12 tables••Word problems••Timed mastery••Terms: factors, product, partial products••Missing signhhMental arithmetic: problems combining multiplication, division,addition, and subtraction up to 13 numbers••Multiplying with up to 3-digit multiplier (factor)••CarryinghhChecking by:hhReversing factorshhCasting out 9s••Money••Factors:••Factoring••Finding common and greatest common factor••Fractions:••Using cancellation••Multiplying:••Fractions with whole or mixed numbershhFractions with 2 mixed numbershhDecimals:hhMultiplied by whole numbershhMultiplied by another decimalhhAnnexing zeros in multiplication••Number sentences: greater or less thanhhBy powers of ten74Arithmetic cont. p. 75

Fifth GradeArithmetic cont.Division••Division facts: 1–12 tables••Word problems••Steps of division••Terms: dividend, divisor, quotient••Missing sign••Timed masteryhhMental arithmetic: problems combining division, multiplication,addition, and subtraction up to 13 numbers••Divisor:••1 or 2 digitshh3 digits••Dividends up to 6 digits••Remainders written as fractions••Checking by:••MultiplicationhhCasting out 9s••Money••Averaging••Estimating quotients••Divisibility rules:••Dividing by 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10hhDividing by 6hhDividing fractions:hhWhole or mixed number by a fractionhhFraction by a fractionhhFraction or mixed number by a whole numberhhBy a mixed numberhhDecimals:hhDividing a decimal by a whole numberhhEliminating the decimal point in the divisorhhAnnexing zeros to avoid remainders••Number sentences: greater or less thanhhBy powers of tenFractions••Parts of a whole or grouphhWord problems: a broader and deeper understanding of concepts••Timed mastery••Terms: numerator, denominator••Number words••Types:••Proper, mixed, improper••Change to mixed or whole number••Reducing:••Finding least common denominator••Answers reduced to lowest terms••Number line••Addition with common or uncommon denominators••Subtraction:••With common or uncommon denominators••With borrowing••Multiplication:••Using cancellation•• Multiplying a fraction with a whole or mixed numberhhMultiplying 2 mixed numbers••Equivalent fractionshhDivision: red indicates NEW MATERIALhhWhole or mixed number by a fractionhhFraction by a fractionhhFraction or a mixed number by a whole numberhhBy a mixed numberhhChanging fractions to decimals and decimals to fractionsDecimals•• Money••Reading and writing:hhWriting fraction as a decimal••Writing decimal as a fraction•• Place value to the thousandths’ placehhAddition and subtraction: annexing zeroshhMultiplication:hhBy a whole numberhhBy another decimalhhWhen zeros are annexedhhDivision:hhDividing a decimal by a whole numberhhEliminating the decimal point in the divisorhhAnnexing zeros to avoid remaindershhComparing and repeating decimalshhRoundinghhTimed masteryhhChanging decimals to fractions or fractions to decimalsProblem Solving & Applications•• Word problems:••Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, fractions••Money, measures, averages, decimals••Geometry: area, perim e ter••GraphshhScale drawings, temperature••Steps of problem-solving process:hhProblems requiring four steps••Mixed operations, estimating answers, eliminating unnecessary factshhWriting a number sentence, drawing a model of a problem, using aschedule, estimating money amounts, guessing and checking, makingan organized list, reading a chart, using educated trial and error••Applications:hhDeveloping a broader and deeper understanding of concepts:hhMeasures, Roman numeralshhFractions, money, decimalshhGraphs, scale drawingshhTempera ture, geometry, place valueTime••Table of time: second, minute, hour; day, week, year, leap year;decade, score, century, millenniumMoney••Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division with $hhEstimationhhRounding to nearest cent75Arithmetic cont. p. 76

Fifth GradeArithmetic cont.Measures•• Temperature:••Reading and writing••Term: degrees••Celsius and Fahrenheit:••Freezing and boiling points of water••Normal body temperaturehhConverting Celsius to Fahrenheit and Fahrenheit to CelsiushhNegative temperatures•• Length:hhMeasuring to 1 /8 of an inch••• English: inch, foot, yard, mile• Metric: millimeter, centimeter, decimeter, meter, decameter,hectometer, kilometerhhConverting kilometers to miles and miles to kilometers••Weight:••English: ounce, pound, ton••Metric: milligram, centigram, decigram, gram, decagram,hectogram, kilogram••Capacity:••English: fluid ounce, cup, pint, quart, gallon, peck, bushel,teaspoon, tablespoon••Metric: milliliter, centiliter, deciliter, liter, decaliter, hectoliter, kiloliter••Ordering measures: least to greatest••Converting measures from one measure to another within same system••Adding unlike measures within the same system••Subtracting unlike measures within the same system••Square measures:••Square inches, square feet, square yardshhAcres, square miles••Timed mastery; metric prefixesGraphing, Statistics, Probability••Statistics: averaging••Scale drawing••Graphs:hhDrawing graphs••Pictographs, bar, and line graphshhColumn graphshhhOrdered pairshh Identify title, labels, and scaleh Probability ratio red indicates NEW MATERIALGeometry••Plane figures:••Simple closed figure, polygon••Quadrilateral: parallelogram, rectangle, square, rhombus, trapezoidhhPentagon, hexagon, heptagon, octagonhhTriangle: right, isosceles, equilateral••Angles:••Right, congruenthhAcute, obtuse, straight••Lines:••Line segment, line, ray, intersecting lineshhParallel and perpendicular lines••Terms:••Point, plane, congruenthhSimilar, diagonal••Perimeter of a polygon••Area: formulas for rectangle and square••Recognize models and symbols: . (point); — (line segment);↔ (line); → (ray); ∠ (angle)hhSquares and square rootsPercent, Ratio, ProportionhhIntroduction to concepthh Recognize symbol: % (percent)Pre-AlgebrahhSolving equations:hh4 new axioms:hhhhNegative numbershhhh With number and unknown side by sideh Unknown as numerator and number as denominatorh Squares and square rootsh Exponents, bases, radical signsh Order of operations76

Fifth GradeHistory & GeographyOld World History and Geography presents a fascinating study of the Eastern Hemisphere bygeographical regions starting with the Middle East, where history began. It not only presents theimportance of studying history and the significance of geography, but also describes the beginningsof history from a Christian perspective. Students are introduced to worldwide missions and missionaryheroes, while learning about the history, geography, and culture of these specific locations:Asia, Africa, Europe, Australia, Oceania, and Antarctica. They will also study history as it relates toimportant topics such as creation, evolution, humanism, government, and nations.Added Enrichment••Comprehension checks (69)••Chapter checkups at end of each chapter (16)••Special feature boxes with in-depth studyof Eastern Hemisphere (36):••Concepts and places of history••Spotlights on events••Animals of the world••Wonders of geography••Important people of history andmissionaries of the world••Maps (43) and important facts about eachcontinent at beginning of each unit••Worksheets (39):••Geography facts and review (24)••Chapter content worksheets (6)••Geography atlas and continent study (6)••Map skills (3)••Nation Notebook optional research project:••For nation from Eastern or Western Hemisphere••Including geography, symbols, way of life, history••Improving skills: organizing time and meetingdeadlines, gathering information, writing reports,reading maps, mounting and labeling pictures,making a time lineEvaluation••Printed quizzes (36)••Homework quizzes (6)••Tests (11)••9-weeks content and geography exams (4)••Atlas, continent, and geography factsmemorized and evaluated red indicates NEW MATERIALHistory StudyhhFertile Crescent:hhCradle of civilization:hhLand of beginningshhSumer: civilization of southern Mesopotamia (Babylon), irrigation,writing, wheel, archaeologists, zigguratshhUr of the Chaldees: Chaldea, stone temples, marketplace,AbrahamhhAncient Middle East:hhWhere history beganhhHomes of ancient timeshhDaily life in an ancient cityhhPhoenicians (seafaring people): sailors, Carthage, alphabet, papyrus,blown glasshhHittites: empire buildershhLydians (makers of money): trade by barter, first coins mintedhhIsraelites (God’s chosen people): Sinai Peninsula, Ten Commandments,Joshua, “Holy Land,” Canaanites, judges, King Saul, KingDavid, King SolomonhhAssyrian Empire: feared conquerorshhBabylonian Empire: Code of Hammurabi, Chaldeans, SevenWonders of the Ancient World, Daniel, King BelshazzarhhPersian Empire: Cyrus the GreathhMiddle East today:hhGeographical featureshhClimate: desert regions, Mediterranean climate, fertile landhhPlants and animalshhPeople: Arabic language, Islam religionhhImportance of history and current events: Islam, Judaism,Christianity, natural resourceshhThree geographical areas: Fertile Crescent, Arabian Peninsula,Northern PlateaushhHenry Martyn: missionary to India and Middle EasthhCountries of Central and Southern Asia:hhIndia:hhTopographical features, caste system, family life, religion, placevalue, decimal numeral systemhhTaj Mahal, Vasco da Gama, East India Company, William Carey,East and West Pakistan, Mt. EveresthhAmy Carmichael: missionary to Indian childrenhhOther Central and Southern Asian CountrieshhCountries of the Far East:hhChina:hhHuang He (China’s Sorrow), dynasties, Great Wall of China,discoveries and inventions, missionary effortshhChanging country, Republic of China, Communism, Mao Tse-tung,Chiang Kai-shek, People’s Republic of ChinahhModern China, Beijing, Hong Kong, Tiananmen SquarehhChinese sphere of influencehhNortheast and Southeast Asian countrieshhEgypt:hhGeography of EgypthhEgypt’s beginning: early river civilizationshhDynastieshhBuilding projects of the phar aohs: irrigation and flood control,shadoof, pyramids, Great Sphinx, obelisks, Valley of the Kings,“King Tut”hhEveryday life in ancient Egypt: people, education, foodhhPapyrus plant: first paper, hieroglyphics, Rosetta StonehhDecline of Egypt77History & Geography cont. p. 78

Fifth GradeHistory & Geography cont.History Study cont.hhAfrica long ago:hhLand of mystery: “Dark Continent”hhHighlights of African history:hhLand of Phut, Sahara, Land of CushhhEthiopian eunuch, Queen of Sheba, early Christians in NorthAfricahhMuslim control, Ghana Empire, Mali EmpirehhAge of exploration and missions:hhMalaria, yellow fever, sleeping sickness, slave tradehhRobert Moffat, David Livingstone, Victoria Falls, Henry Stanley,Samuel Crowther, Mary SlessorhhAfrica in modern times:hhNorthern Africa: Sahara, Barbary Coast, Aswan High Dam, SuezCanal, Sudan, KhartoumhhTropical Africa: history and geographyhhSouthern Africa: European settlement, Republic of South Africa,resources and industrieshhModern Africa’s needs: the Gospel, food, shelter, education,stable governmenthhAncient GreecehhGeographical featureshhFirst Greeks: Minoans, Crete, Mycenaeans, Trojan horsehhGreek alphabet and writings: Homer, AesophhGreek philosophers: Pythagoras, Democritus, Socrates, Plato,AristotlehhGreek city: city-state, agora, acropolis, theater, gymnasium,stadiumhhA Greek idea: democracy (people rule)hhTwo famous city-states: Sparta, courage, strength, loyalty, helots;Athens, culturehhPhilip of Macedonia: Macedonia, phalanxhhAlexander the Great (Conqueror of the World): Hellenistic AgehhRome:hhLand: Apennine Peninsula, Italy, Alps, Po River, Tiber RiverhhPeople: Italians, Latins, Etruscans, Greek influencehhLife in Rome: home, education, roads, bridges, tunnels, aqueducts,concrete, government, Roman Republic, patricians, plebeianshhHow Rome conquered the world: Punic Wars, Julius Caesar, RubiconRiver, dictator, Mark Antony, PompeiihhRoman Empire: Augustus Caesar, Pax RomanahhChristianity:hhGreatest event in history: birth of Jesus, early ministry of JesusChrist, spread of the GospelhhNero and the persecution of Christians: colosseum, gladiators,the catacombshhRise of ConstantinehhFall of RomehhMiddle Ages:hhPeasants and lords, Roman church, Charlemagne, Holy RomanEmpirehhMonasteries, convents, crusades, Waldensians, Inquisition, JohnWycliffe, John HusshhInvention of printing press: Johann Gutenberg, Gutenberg BiblehhMartin Luther and the Protestant Reformation: indulgences, purgatory,Ninety-Five Theses red indicates NEW MATERIALhhEngland and the British Isles:hhBritish Isles: “Mother Country,” biblical heritage••Great events in English history:hhMagna Carta, Elizabethan Age••Age of Puritans:hhPuritans and science, Wesleyan RevivalhhRise of industry, Victorian Age, England’s decline, restoring England’sgreatness, Margaret ThatcherhhEngland: land and people, Pennine Chain, London, Thames, theChunnelhhIreland, Scotland, and Wales: “Emerald Isle,” people, potato famine,Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland, Scottish HighlandshhOther countries of Western Europe:hhTwo Europes: Communist Eastern Europe, Free Western EuropehhMediterranean Europe:hhSpain: ancient ArmadahhPortugal: explorershhItaly: RenaissancehhGreece: early European civilizationshhCentral Europe:hhFrance: revolutionhhSwitzerland: mountain republichhAustria: culture and beautyhhGermany: reformationhhThe low countries: The Netherlands (land below sea level), howDutch made Holland, Belgium and LuxembourghhScandinavia (land of Vikings):hhNorway: land of the Midnight SunhhSweden: largest Scandinavian countryhhDenmark: Hans Christian AndersenhhIceland: land of fire and icehhFinland: scenic forest land, European tundrahhLanguages of Europe: Romance, Germanic, Slavic, and othershhCountries of Eastern Europe:hhRussia under the czarshhHow Communism began: Karl Marx, MarxismhhBirth of the Soviet Union: Russian Revolution, Communist terrorism••Changes in the Soviet Union:hhNo food, disaster in Afghanistan••Mikhail GorbachevhhPerestroika and glasnost, Lech Walesa, Solidarity, Baltic RepublicshhLife in the Soviet Union: atheism, few freedoms, government controlhhSoviet Union and United NationshhFall of the Soviet Empire: Boris Yeltsin, Russian Republic, Commonwealthof Independent StateshhModern countries of Eastern EuropehhAustralia and beyond:hhAustralia: “Island Continent,” land and climate, Great Barrier Reef,plants and animals, history, government, cities, country life, industryand resourceshhOceania: islands of the PacifichhAntarctica: coldest continent, discovery and exploration, CaptainJames Cook, Richard Byrd78History & Geography cont. p. 79

Fifth GradeHistory & Geography cont.Memory Work•• 6 documents:••The American’s Creed••Portion of The Declaration of Independence••Preamble to the Constitution••First Amendment to the Constitution••The Rights of Americans••Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address••States and capitals••44 U.S. PresidentsGeography Study••Atlas facts memorized:hhEastern Hemisphere: political map of nations, cities, states,bodies of water, oceanshhWorld: physical maps of rivers, seas, deserts, mountain ranges,mountainshhKingdoms and empires of the ancient worldhhAfrica: countries, rivers, mountains, bodies of water••LandformshhBodies of water••U.S. states and capitalshhContinent facts memorized:hhAsia: countries, capital names, locations; continent facts, seas,rivers, mountain ranges, mountains, desertshhAfrica: countries, capital names, locations; continent facts, rivers,deserts, mountain ranges, mountain red indicates NEW MATERIALhhEurope: countries, capital names, locations; continent facts, seas,rivers, mountain ranges, mountainshhAustralia, Oceania, & Antarctica: countries, capital names, locations;continent facts, mountain ranges, desert, islands••Geography terms and facts memorized:••Circle of the earth:••SpherehhDiameter, circumference••OceanshhSeas••Seven continents••Earth’s hemispheres:hhNorthern, southern••Eastern, western••Latitude and longitude:hhParallels of latitude, tropics, meridians••Poles, EquatorhhBodies of water: gulf, strait, channel••Rivers:hhTributary, mouth, delta••Upstream, downstreamhhLandforms: plains, plateaus, hills, mountainshhMountains and mountain ranges: sea level, altitude, peak, summit;volcano, dormant, extincthhWorld’s greatest desertshhClimate zoneshhTropical rain forestshhTropical savannasScienceInvestigating God’s World leads students continually from the known to the unknownby teaching important science concepts within the context of things they can seeand know. The aim is to help students better understand basic science principlesrather than to merely teach them science vocabulary.This text presents the world as the creation of God and glorifies Him as its Sustainerand Upholder. It introduces great scientists and naturalists who believed in thebiblical account of Creation, and where appropriate, it refutes the materialist’s faithin evolution. Students will also learn about topics such as plants and animals, matterand energy, light, and minerals. red indicates NEW MATERIALAdditional Helps•• Suggested:••Enrichment projects (3)••DVDs (4)••Worksheets (24)Evaluation••Printed quizzes (25)••Homework quizzes (3)••Tests (6)••9-weeks exam (3)Insects & Plants•• The mysteries around us:••Science and observationhhLaw and order••A detective’s tools: his senses and intelligence, books and equipmenthhInvestigating a goldenrod jungle:••Pollination••HoneybeeshhMore stinging insects: bumblebees, yellow jackets•• Victims and villains:hhPredator, prey••Food chain••Mimicry:••Monarchs and viceroy butterflieshhBee and fly differences; bee killers79Science cont. p. 80

Fifth GradeScience cont.Insects & Plants cont.••Camouflage:hhAmbush bug, goldenrod spiderhhTrue bugs:hhPiercing and sucking mouthpartshhWings that crosshhPraying mantis: egg case, nymph•• Beetles and seed eaters:hhBeetle characteristics, locust borer, goldenrod soldier beetle••Seed feeders:•• BirdshhRabbitshhComposite flowers: characteristics of composites; daisy, aster, blackeyedSusan, thistle, goldenrod, ragweedhhWilliam Carey: missionary and botanist in IndiaActivities & Demonstrations:hhSetting up a living flower exhibithhMaking a meadow in a terrariumhhObserving insect ordershhMaking plant exhibits: drying flowers, building a gall cagehhUsing a water lenshhLearning more about honeybees: the “bee dance”hhObserving social insectshhMaking a creature keeperhhMaking a pitfall trapMammals••Habitats••Vertebrates:••Characteristics:hhFour limbs: two forelimbs, two hind limbs••Warm-blooded••Hair:••Fur, wool, spines or quills, bristles, whiskershhFor warmth:hhWhales’ blubber••For camouflagehhSpecial structures: horns, claws, nails, hoofs, hard plateshhMammary glands: most mammals provide milk for their younghhUnusual mammals:hhMarsupialshhPlatypus and echidna: hatch from eggshhGnawing mammals:hhRodents (herbivores): rats, micehhRabbits are not rodents••Insect-eating mammals:hhAnt-eating mammals: giant anteater, aardvark, pangolinhhInsectivores: shrews, moles, hedgehogshhBatshhDogs (canines): breeding, traininghhCarnivoreshhWild dogs: wolves, coyotes, foxeshhCats (felines):hhDesigned to stalk: night vision, whiskers, rough tongue, paddedfeethhWild cats: tiger, lion, jaguar, leopard, etc.hhOther carnivores: contrast in sizehhhSmall carnivores:hhWeasels and minks•h Large carnivores: bears, giant pandas red indicates NEW MATERIAL• SkunkshhPrimates (tree-dwelling mammals):hhCharacteristicshhApes: mountain gorillas and chimpanzeeshhMonkeys: New World and Old WorldhhHorses: man’s best helperhhCloven-hoofed animals:hhBovids (useful ruminants): cattle, sheep, goatshhDeer (antlered ruminants): white-tailed deer, moose, reindeer andcaribouhhDifferences between horns and antlershhGrenfell of Labrador: missionary and doctorhhMammals and man:hhLikenesses and differenceshhBalance of nature; extinct and endangered speciesActivities & Demonstrations:hhCollecting and recognizing animal trackshhInvestigating your dog and cathhFollowing tracks: studying animal trackshhDemonstrating wool’s ability to hold heathhBuilding a nature sanctuaryhhObserving animal measurementsEnergy: LighthhDefining light:hhSpeed of lighthhTransparent, opaque, translucent lighthhShadowshhJourney of light:hhLuminous objectshhNatural and artificial lighthhReflection: bouncing light; convex and concave mirrorshhRefraction (bending light rays):hhConvex and concave lens, telescopeshhThe spectrum: ROY G. BV, infrared, ultraviolethhEyes (the light detectors):••Parts of the eye:•• Pupil, iris, lens, retina, optic nervehhCorneahhEye conditions: nearsightedness, farsightednesshhSir Isaac Newton and the eyehhAnimal eyes:hhCharacteristics of birds’ eyes••Insects’ eyes•• Night visionhhBinocular vision, monocular visionhhSeeing colorActivities & Demonstrations:hhMaking a lens and mirror collectionhhObserving light reflectorshhObserving eyeshine80Science cont. p. 81

Fifth GradeScience cont.Energy: Light cont.hhDemonstrating transparent, translucent, and opaque materialshhObserving mirrored impressionshhMaking a spectrumGeologyhhThe earth’s structure: crust, mantle, outer core, inner corehhSoil (a natural resource):•• Humus; conservationhhChemical and physical weathering•• Rocks: igneous, sedimentary, metamorphichhMinerals: crystals and gemstones; mineralogistshhMetals:hhCharacteristics of metalshhGold, silver, copper, iron, aluminum, mercury, uraniumhhHidden treasures:hhFossil fuels: coal, oilhhHot springs and geysershhHollowed-out caves: stalactites, stalagmites, spelunkershhCharles Spurgeon: preacher who loved naturehhInteresting treasures:hhFossils:hhFormation, kindshhPaleontologistshhMen who saw dinosaurs: Bible characters; others throughout historyActivities & Demonstrations:hhGathering a rock collectionhhDoing the acid testhhMaking a crystal gardenhhIdentifying mineralshhIdentifying artificial fossilshhObserving physical weathering at workOceanography••The sea is His: beauty, power, secrets••Water (the necessary resource):••Composition of water••Water cyclehhTide and shore:hhTypes of tides, tidal zoneshhRocky shores••Sandy shoreshhShellfish: mollusks, crustaceanshhSea starshhBeauties of the coral reef: coral polyps; fish of the coral reefshhSome seafaring mammals:••WhaleshhPinnipeds, sea ottershhWinged wanderers: albatrosses, gulls, penguinshhPreserving the sea:hhOil spills••ConservationActivities & Demonstrations:hhGathering a seashell collectionhhMoving moleculeshhDemonstrating a miniature oil slickEnergy & EngineshhForce and motion (engines):•• red indicates NEW MATERIAL• Forces necessary for motion:• Force of gravity, force of frictionhhForce of contacthhElectricity and magnetism:hhForce of electricity: positive and negative charges••Force of magnetismhhWork and energy:hhForms of energy; types of energy; transfers of energy••Energy for muscles••The power of water and wind: windmills, water wheels••Water, ice, and steam:hhThe three states of matter, changes in the states••Water’s three states••Water molecules in motionhhThe power of steam:hhPerformance under pressurehhSteam engine; steam locomotivehhThe power of internal combustion:hhNecessary ingredients for combustionhhGasoline and diesel engineshhThe power of jet propulsion: how a jet engine workshhThe power of rocket engines:hhRockets and oxygenhhModern rocketryhhTwo types of rocket enginesActivities & Demonstrations:hhCalculating weight on the moon (effect of gravity)hhDemonstrating electrical chargeshhObserving molecules move in waterhhDemonstrating:hhImportance of oxygen in combustionhhMagnetic fieldAstronomy•• The sun:••Size; a source of energyhhLayers: core, photosphere, chromospheres, corona••The stars: constellations of the northern and southern hemispheres••The moon:••AppearancehhMoon seas, phases of the moonhhEight planets: names, description of each••Air: gases in the air, importance of air, atmosphere, air pressurehhThe wild blue yonder: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere,exosphere, magnetic fieldhhWernher von Braun: aerospace engineerActivities & Demonstrations:hhExploring space from your backyardhhDemonstrating:hhAir’s expansion and contraction in response to temperaturehhAir pressure with an atmospheric egg81Science cont. p. 82

Fifth GradeScience cont.Weather••Temperatures and winds:hhSolar rays; greenhouse effecthhSeasons:hhResult of earth’s tilt on axishhThe winds:hhTemperature differenceshhAir pressurehhMajor wind systems•• Water vapor: humidity; condensationhhAtmosphere: ingredients for cloud formation; types of air masses,fronts••Clouds:••Shapes and names: cumulus, stratus, cirrus, combination cloudshhFog••Precipitation:••Rain, sleet, snowflakes:hhDry snow, wet snow, freezing rain, tropical rain••Storms:hhHow a storm is producedhhAnatomy of a cumulonimbus cloud••HailstoneshhTypes of lightninghhTornadoes: watches and warnings••Storm safetyhhWeather monitoring and forecastingActivities & Demonstrations:hhBuilding a water barometerhhCreating a wind systemhhBuilding a hygrometerhhMaking foghhInvestigating snow crystalshhBeing a weather prophetVariety of Vertebrates• red indicates NEW MATERIAL• Classification of animals••Warm-blooded and cold-blooded vertebrates: definition••Birds and flight:••Structure of feathers and boneshhTypes of wingshhPowerful breast muscles••Fish:••Structure: gills, scales, swim bladderhhTypes: jawless fish, cartilaginous fish, bony fish••Snakes (reptiles):hhParts of a snake, venomous snakes, common snakes, constrictorshhTreatment of snakebiteshhLizards (reptiles): defenses, typeshhTurtles and crocodiles (reptiles):hhArmor-like structure, parts of turtle shellshhTypes of turtles and crocodiles••Amphibians:••Types••Tadpole metamorphosishhUnusual amphibians••Louis Agassiz: “America’s Greatest Science Teacher” (1847–1873)Activities & Demonstrations:hhConducting an egg watchhhObserving fish••Raising tadpolesHealthThe active lifestyle presented in Enjoying Good Health emphasizes the significance ofmaintaining sound health habits. While reviewing the muscular and respiratory systemsof the human body, each student is encouraged to measure his level of fitness. Anin-depth study of the circulatory system adds to the student’s knowledge of physicalfitness. The study of nutrition focuses on the importance of a healthful diet and itseffects on overall fitness and personal appearance.Enjoying Good Health also stresses personal responsibility in overcoming spiritualbattles, concluding with a practical study of the Christian’s spiritual armor. red indicates NEW MATERIALAdditional Helps••Worksheets (11)••Physical exercises (7)••Mental exercise (1)••Demonstrations:•• Measuring amount of air in breath••Determining your optimal range••Review games (16)Evaluation••Printed quizzes (6)••Homework quizzes (3)••Tests (4)Circulatory SystemhhBlood: cardiac muscle, arteries, capillaries, veins, plasma, red andwhite cells, antibodies, plateletshhHeart: atrium, ventricle, valveshhCirculatory system: aorta, pulse, capillaries, venae cavae, varicoseveins, blood pressurehhRest: lactic acid, carbon dioxide, amount neededhhProtecting your heart: alcohol and tobacco use, cholesterol, physicalfitness82Health cont. p. 83

Fifth GradeHealth cont.Nutrient Study••Energy; diet••Nutrients:hhSimple and complex carbohydrateshhSaturated and unsaturated fatshhWater-soluble and fat-soluble vitaminshhMinerals: phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron, iodine,zinchhDeficiency conditions: osteoporosis, goiter, anemia••Daily Food Guide: malnutrition, balanced diet, Food Guide Pyramidand 5 groupshhEnergy for activity: calories, metabolism••Balanced meals: a good breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks••Energy input and output: maintaining a healthy weight, obesityDigestive SystemhhDigestive system: alimentary canalh•h Parts: mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon• Saliva, gastric juices, bilehhExcretory system: kidneys, bladderhhJob of the liver in digestionhhAbsorption and elimination: villi, colon, fiber••Water:••Importance, amount neededhhSafe drinking waterhhDysenteryhhCaffeinehhAids and hindrances to digestion••Pleasant meals: mannersPhysical Fitness in Action: Exercise••Factors:••Aerobic endurance••Muscular strength and endurance; agilityhhFlexibility••Body composition red indicates NEW MATERIALInterpersonal Relationships••Social acceptance:••Influenced by personal appearance and hygiene: posture, halitosis,brushing, flossing, deodorant••Influenced by actions:••Polite conversations; proper introductions••Telephone courtesy during incoming and outgoing callshhRSVPs, thank-you notes••Being a good friendhhMental awareness: potential, eye-gate, ear-gate, right attitudes,gratitudehhSpiritual warfare: armor of GodBibleFifth grade Bible is filled with many astounding stories about Bible characterssuch as Moses, Ruth, Daniel, Samuel, and David. Students will also study Joshua’slife and learn how his loyalty to God made him an excellent leader and causedhim to triumph in battle. These Bible stories will show students how God can domighty acts when a person has faith in Him. red indicates NEW MATERIALEvaluation••Graded memory versepassages (8)••Content tests (5)Lessons 407 A Beka Flash-a-Cards••Salvation Series (5 lessons)••Life of Moses Series (20): Moses in Egypt; Journey to Sinai; Journeythrough the Wilderness••Tabernacle (3)••First Christmas (5); Joshua (7); Judges (6); Ruth (3); Jonah (2)••Crucifixion and Resurrection (9); Life of Samuel (4)••Life of David Series (13):••Young David, David in HidinghhDavid the King••The First ThanksgivingMusic 45 songs••Choruses, hymns of the faith, holiday songs, and patriotic songs:hh18 new hymns and songs; 12 new choruses83Memory WorkhhNew Scripture passages (8) containing 49 verses•• Review verses (97)Doctrinal Drill 59 questions/answers••Increase Bible knowledge of basic doctrines: the Bible, God, sin,salvation, heaven, assurance of salvation••8 questions with verses to memorize as answersPrayer Time••Learn to pray with thanks giving for each other, our nation, those inauthority over usSword Drills••Learn to quickly find 112 Old and New Testament references

Fifth GradeMusicOne important foundation of a nation’s heritage is its music. Songs We Enjoy 5 containssongs that reflect the spirit and strength of the American people. These traditional, patriotic,holiday, and fun songs have been delighting students for generations. The sing-alongCD makes song time easy for the teacher and even more enjoyable for the students. red indicates NEW MATERIALSkills Development 66 songs••Follow a song leader, while singing with class or CDhhDefine and understand 17 unfamiliar words and phrases in lyricshhImprove coordination skills with songs that require hand motions••Benefit from fun activities that keep interest:•• Dynamic contrasts, singing in roundshhTongue twisters••Learn historical facts through patriotic, folk, and Americana musicVariety of Songs to Memorize••Patriotic, folk, Americana, fun, spirituals and hymns, holiday, songs at seaArts & CraftsStudents use Art B to review fundamental principles of color with colored-pencil renderingsand watercolor paintings. Fifth graders will learn new concepts such as lightand dark values, one-point perspective (with step-by-step drawings), and symmetry.Students will enjoy using different types of media to create three-dimensional forms.Art B also encourages students to appreciate art by introducing them to accomplishedartists and art techniques. red indicates NEW MATERIALAdded Enrichment•• Art Appreciation••Introduction to influential artistssuch as Julius Schnorr vonCarolsfeld, Currier and Ives,and Brian Jekel••Art forms: woodcuts, calligraphy,origami, and lithographs••Introduction to well-known printsand worksSkill & Concept Development 37 projects••Primary, secondary, intermediate, complementary, analogous, andneutral hueshhValue: light and dark; watercolor; contrasting (12)hhPerspective: horizon line, vanishing point (6)hhSymmetry (4)Technique DevelopmenthhDrawing: sketching basic shapes (4)hhShading; enlarging and reducing (4)••AnimationhhModeling: foil, imprinting (4)hhPainting: watercolor techniques (4)84

Sixth GradeLanguage Arts: ReadingSixth graders will enjoy reading exciting selections about animals of all kinds, patriots fromAmerica’s past, and Christians in foreign lands. This delightful collection of stories and poemsfeatures several well-known authors and introduces students to a variety of interesting characters.Students will read a biographical novel and a Christian fiction novel and use them when writing languagebook reports. Two speed and comprehension readers contain challenging and interesting selections.Sixth graders will develop a wider range of comprehension skills by answering comprehension questionsbased on stated facts, implications, and general reasoning.Literary Value••146 authors, including well-known writerssuch as Louisa May Alcott, Benjamin Franklin,Nathaniel Hawthorne, Rudyard Kipling,Lucy Maud Montgomery, and Mark Twain••Themes including brotherhood, friendship,generosity, honor, ingenuity, leadership,patience, prayer, justice, loyalty, citizenship,dedication, and responsibilityMaterials•• Readers (3) containing:••Short stories (102), poems (67), plays (3)••Scripture selections (5)••Christian fiction and biographical novels (1 each)••Speed and comprehension readers (2):••Reading Comprehension 6 Skill Sheets (42)••Adventures in Greatness exercises (31) red indicates NEW MATERIALEvaluation•• Weekly oral reading grade••Weekly vocabulary andcomprehension quizzes (34)••Speed and comprehensionquizzes (73) for timed silentreading exercises and storiesReading Skills Development• Strive for increased:••Accuracy, fluency, phrasing••Good expression, comprehension••Improvement of flow••Pace and comprehension while reading silently••Ability to follow along and comprehend as others read orally••Vocabulary development through words and definitions in readers••Ability to read poetry correctlyComprehension, Discussion, & AnalysisSkills Development••Answer factual, interpretive, and inferential comprehension and discussionquestions for most stories and poems••Improve ability to use deductive reasoning, understand cause andeffect, and draw conclusions••Determine main characters, theme, climax, and turning pointLanguage Arts: LanguageThe sixth grader should be constantly guided to see how grammar applies to his writing and speaking.God’s Gift of Language C gives a thorough, systematic presentation of grammar, composition,and mechanics in a clear and appealing manner. Both the student and the teacher will appreciatethe explanations and demonstrations of the writing process. Students who use this program arenot “afraid of composition.” Creative Writing, a companion text to God’s Gift of Language C, helpsstudents to think and to convey their thoughts more clearly, critically, and creatively.God’s Gift of Language C features a cumulative review section at the end of each unit and a Handbookof Rules and Definitions at the end of the text.Added Enrichment••Creative writing focus (23 lessons)•• The Student Writer’s Handbook includes:••How to use a dictionary, thesaurus, encyclopedia;The Writing Process; a Writer’sChecklist; proofreader marks••How to write book reports using the WritingProcess and the Book Report Checklist;friendly letters and social notes••How your library worksEvaluation•• Quizzes:••From quiz/test book (15)••Graded grammar exercises instudent book (10)••Tests from quiz/test book (10) red indicates NEW MATERIAL••Book reports (7):••Short format (3; each counts as 2 quiz grades)••Long format (3; each counts as test grade)••Oral (1; counts as test grade)••Library research report (counts as 2 test grades)••Graded creative writing exercises (3)Grammar••Capitalization:85••Proper nouns:••Particular persons, places, things; words referring to Deity or theHoly ScripturesLanguage cont. p. 86

Sixth GradeLanguage cont.Grammar cont.•• Words formed from proper nouns:••Proper adjectiveshhAbbreviations of proper nouns••Titles of persons:••Used before a person’s name as part of the name••Used alone in direct address••Titles of works:••First, last, and all important words in titles of books, magazines,newspapers, poems, stories, plays, and works of art••First word in a sentence, including quoted sentences••Pronoun I••Punctuation:••End marks••Commas:••Before a coordinating conjunction joining two simple sentences••To indicate where word(s) have been omittedhhTo avoid a possible misreading••To indicate nonessential elements in a sentence: nouns of directaddress; well, yes, no, whyhhTo indicate parenthetical words or expressions••In dates and addresses••In letter salutations and closings••Apostrophes:••To show possession••To show omissions from a wordhhTo show omissions from an expression••With s to form:••The plural of lettershhThe plural of numbers, signs, and words used as words••Quotation marks:••In a direct quotation••To enclose titles of short stories, short poems, songs, chapters,articles, and other parts of books or magazines••Semicolons:••To separate simple sentences not joined by a conjunctionhhWith a conjunction to join two simple sentences if thosesentences already contain commas••Colons:hhBefore a list of items••••• Between chapter and verse of a Bible reference• Between hour and minute when writing the time• After the salutation of a business letter• Underlining: titles of books, magazines, newspapers, plays, worksof art, ships, trains, and airplanes••Hyphens:••To divide a word at the end of the linehhIn compound numbershhIn fractions used as adjectives••The sentence:••Identify sentences and fragments••Correct sentence fragments and run-on sentences red indicates NEW MATERIAL••Recognize four types of sentences: declarative, imperative,interrogative, exclamatory••Locate simple and complete subjects and predicates••Identify compound subjects and verbs; compound sentences••Locate out-of-the-ordinary subjects and verbs••Parts of speech:••Recognize and diagram all eight parts of speech••Verbs:••Distinguish action, state of being, helping, and linking verbs••Recognize verb phrases, principal parts of verbs, and irregularverbs••Use spelling rules for verb endings••Use action verbs with picturing power••Find exact verbs••Use troublesome verbs correctly••Nouns:••Recognize common, proper, compound••Use:••As subjects, predicate nominatives, direct objects, indirectobjects, objects of the preposition••In direct addresshhMake subject agree with verb••Pronouns:••Recognize personal pronouns: nominative, objective, possessive••Choose correct pronoun case••Recognize:••Compound, demonstrative, and interrogative pronounshhIndefinite pronounshhMake pronoun agree with the verb••Adjectives:••Know distinguishing characteristics of adjectiveshhCorrectly use compound proper adjectives••Recognize:••Predicate adjectives, verbs used as adjectives••Prepositional phrases used as adjectives••Use and compare adjectives correctlyhhCorrectly use less, least; fewer, fewest; them, thosehhPlace adjectives correctly in sentencehhLearn how to use adjective-forming suffixes••Adverbs:••Distinguish adjectives from adverbs••Identify prepositional phrases used as adverbs••Correctly use:••Good, well••Adverbs in comparisons••Avoid double negatives and double comparisons••Prepositions:••Recognize prepositional phrases••Distinguish prepositions from adverbs••Avoid:••Preposition errorshhUnnecessary prepositions••Conjunctions:hhRecognize coordinating and correlative conjunctions••Interjections86Language cont. p. 87

Sixth GradeLanguage cont.CompositionNote: Many creative writing exercises are included inCreative Writing, a companion text to Language C.••Creative writing exercises:••Write:••Friendly letter and social notes••Dialogue••Paragraphs:••Develop:••A good topic sentencehhParagraphs with details, examples, reasons, or brief story••Use paragraph unityhhDevelop sentence order: chronological order, order of importancehhWrite a compare and contrast paragraphhhWrite a narrative paragraph••• red indicates NEW MATERIAL• Write about an emotion and a memory• Apply the Writing Process to writing paragraphs• Use transitional words and phraseshhCombine paragraphs to make a composition••Write a library research report using the Writing Process:••Make bibliography cards and preliminary outline••Take notes••Make a final outline••Write the rough, second, and final drafts••Write the final bibliographyhhWrite poetry:hhUsing rhymes, assonance, consonancehhDefinition and picture poemshhHaiku and cinquain poetryLanguage Arts: Penmanship & Creative WritingCreative Writing is a companion text to God’s Gift of Language C. This work-textdevelops students’ abilities to observe, proofread, think clearly, and use descriptivewords. Students learn what characterizes good writing and how they can write morecreatively as they study observation and creativity, poetry, and journal writing. Thechallenging Mind Stretchers provide lively openers for each creative writing class asstudents create anagrams, acrostics, and rebuses, and work with synonyms, connotation,and alliteration. Creative Writing features many examples for students to followas they complete these exercises. Sixth graders will also review previously learnedpenmanship skills and concepts by completing practice exercises. red indicates NEW MATERIALAdded Enrichment••Journal compilation includingcreative writing assignments (24)••Additional exercises to buildcreative writing skills (40)Evaluation••Penmanship tests (17)••Progress report boxes throughoutpenmanship section (12)Penmanship Skills Development•• Maintain good writing position:••Sitting properly in desk••Holding pen correctly••Slanting paper correctly••Write in ink with a relaxed grip and flowing movement••Evaluate writing for personal improvement••Maintain correct letter spacing, shape, alignment, and proportion;uniform slant, retracing, and smooth connecting strokeshhIdentify and practice difficult connections (13)••Use correct warm-up procedure using slants, ovals, and basicletter strokes••Correctly write all upper- and lowercase letters••Use key strokes: humps, slants, loops, tails••Be able to write sentences as dictated (10)Creative Writing Skills DevelopmenthhUnderstand the value of crea tivity in writinghhWrite alliterated sentences and acrostics (38)hhMake observations while paying attention to detailshhProofread with correction symbols while rewriting and perfectingworkhhWrite topical journal entrieshhDescriptions, portraits, dialogue (7)hhWith “color words” (1)hhPoems, rhymes, couplets, picture poetry (5)hhHaiku and cinquain poetry (5)hhAbout memories (3)hhA rebus (1)hhAbout an emotion (1)hhUsing comparisons, improvisations (1)87

Sixth GradeLanguage Arts: Spelling, Vocabulary, & PoetrySpelling, Vocabulary, & Poetry 6 teaches students the spelling and meaning of words through the studyof roots, prefixes, and suffixes. They will be able to spell and recognize thousands of words afterlearning these common roots, prefixes, and suffixes. Sixth graders will appreciate the eight review listsand exercises that provide opportunity for spelling mastery. Three Spelling Challenge lists allow themto learn commonly misspelled words that pertain to a specific spelling rule. Students will also practicetheir proofreading skills while learning about the origin and development of the English language froma Christian perspective.Spelling, Vocabulary, & Poetry 6 contains eight delightful poems written by well-known poets; this recitationand memorization of poetry will further develop each student’s appreciation for good poetry.Added Enrichment•• Spelling and vocabulary:••Spelling lists (34) including 8 review lists:••Spelling words (460)••Definition included with each spellingword••Vocabulary words and definitions (345)••Frequently misspelled words (150)••Organized by roots (50), prefixes (49),suffixes (33)••Practice exercises included with eachlist (77)••Spelling games (19)••Pronunciation key••Thought-provoking quotation witheach list••Quick-reference lists:••All prefixes, suffixes, and root words••Word meaning and /or sample derivation••Teacher resources: practical spelling tipsand suggestions; sentence bank red indicates NEW MATERIAL••Poetry:••Poem introductions include:••Discussion ideas••Historical content••Information about the author••CD included to help withinterpretation••Vocabulary lists accompany eachpoemEvaluation••Spelling tests (34)Spelling & Vocabulary Skills DevelopmenthhMaster spelling and vocabulary lists:hhPrefixes, suffixes, and root wordshhVocabulary words and definitionshhHomonyms, synonyms, and antonymshhFrequently misspelled words••Use vocabulary words in proper context••Memorize vocabulary definitions•••• Correctly write sentences dictated by teacher using vocabulary words• Create good sentences using spelling and vocabulary words• Apply spelling and phonics concepts through daily teacher-directedoral practice and independent written practicehhLearn about the history and literal meaning of wordshhLearn to pronounce thousands of words correctlyhhBecome familiar with a pronunciation keyhhPractice proofreading skills while also learning about the origin anddevelopment of the English language from a Christian perspectivehhDevelop spelling skills using Greek and Latin roots, prefixes, and suffixeshhBe able to identify commonly misspelled wordshhBe able to comprehend a word within proper context•• Proofread for spelling errors: recognize misspelled words in lists orsets of wordshhApply knowledge of roots, prefixes, suffixes to:hhForm wordshhAnswer comprehension questions••Learn spelling rules:••Use i before e, except after c, or when sounded like a••Double a final consonant before adding a suffix beginning with avowel••Change y to i when adding suffixes••Drop the silent e before adding a suffix beginning with a vowel••A prefix is added to the beginning of a word to change the meaning••A suffix is added to the end of a word to change the function oforiginal word, not the meaning••Learn:hhExceptions to spelling rules••Words that follow no spelling pattern••How to choose correct ending for words with sound-alike suffixeshhPrinciple of assimilation to expand creativityPoetry Skills DevelopmenthhMemorize 6 lyrical poems and 2 dramatic poems••Develop appreciation of poetry••Perform in front of audience••Recite in unison••Develop appropriate expression and volume••Improve comprehension of content and emotion••Learn definitions and use of unfamiliar words••Develop mental visualization of the poem••Discuss meaning and purpose of poems•• Use proper observation of punctuation88

Sixth GradeArithmetic cont.The Arithmetic 6 work-text includes an abundance of practice problems and reviewexercises to help each student master important arithmetic skills and concepts. Almostdaily story problems and frequent problem-solving strategies are featured, providingpractical application for real-life situations. Arithmetic 6 takes students from the knownto the unknown as they study fractions, decimals, proportions, percents, prime factoring,algebraic equations, measurement, basic geometry, and beginning banking.Evaluation••Biweekly quizzes (17)••Biweekly tests (17)••4 weekly skills developmentexercises (135) red indicates NEW MATERIALNumbers••Place value:••Whole numbers to the 100 billions’ placehhDecimals to the millionths’ place••Writing numbers to the 100 billions’ place••Roman numerals:••Value of I, V, X, L, C, D, M••Basic and complex rules for forming Roman numeralshhUse of dash to increase value one thousand times••Terms:••Notation, numerationhhPrime number, composite number••ComparinghhRounding to nearest billionhhPrime numbers: Eratosthenes sievehhComposite numbers••Estimating: divisor, quotient••Rounding: whole numbers, money, decimals, timed masteryhhIrrational numbersAddition•• Addition families 1–18: mixed order••Timed mastery••Terms: addend, sum••Word problems:hhWith added complexity••MoneyhhMental arithmetic: problems combining addition, subtraction,multiplication, and division up to 16 numbers••Checking by addition and casting out 9s••Addends: column addition••Averaging••Fractions with common and uncommon denominators••Measures••Decimals with annexing zeroshhCompound measuresSubtraction•• Subtraction families 1–18: mixed order••Timed masteryhhMental arithmetic: problems combining subtraction, addition,multiplication, and division up to 16 numbers••Word problems:hhWith added complexity••• Terms: minuend, subtrahend, difference• Money••Checking by addition••Fractions with common and uncommon denominator••Measures••Decimals with annexing zeroshhCompound measuresMultiplication•• Multiplication facts: 0–12 tables••Word problems:hhWith added complexity••Timed mastery••Terms: factors, product, partial productshhMental arithmetic: problems combining multiplication, division,addition, and subtraction with up to 16 numbers••Multiplying with up to a 3-digit multiplier (factor)••Checking by reversing factors and casting out 9s••MoneyhhRecognize symbol: • (raised dot)••Factors:••Factoring•• Finding common and greatest common factorhhPrime factors:hhDivision by primeshhFactoring treehhLeast common multiplehhCompound measures••Fractions:••Using cancellation•••Decimals:••• Multiplied by fractions, mixed or whole numbers• Multiplied by decimals or whole numbers• Multiplied by powers of tenDivision•• Division facts: 1–12 tables••Word problems:hhWith added complexity••Timed mastery••Steps of division••Terms: dividend, divisor, quotienthhMental arithmetic: problems combining division, multiplication,addition, and subtraction with up to 16 numbers••Divisors:hhUp to 4 digits89Arithmetic cont. p. 90

Sixth GradeArithmetic cont.Division cont.••Dividends:hhUp to 7 digits••Remainders written as fractions••Checking by multiplication or casting out 9s••Money••Averaging••Estimating quotients••Divisibility rules for dividing by 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10••Fractions:•or mixed number••Dividing a fraction or mixed number by a whole number••Decimals:••Dividing a decimal by a whole number••Eliminating decimal point in divisor•• Dividing a whole number, mixed number, or fraction by a fraction• Annexing zeros to avoid remaindershhIncluding zeros immediately to the right of decimal point inquotient••Dividing by powers of tenFractions•• Parts of a whole or group••Word problems:hhBroader, deeper understanding of concepts••Timed mastery••Terms: numerator, denominator••Types:••Proper, mixed, improper••Change to mixed number or whole number••Change mixed number to an improper fraction••Simplifying: reducing and making proper••Addition with common and uncommon denominators••Subtraction:••With common and uncommon denominators••With borrowing••Multiplication:••Using cancellation••Multiplying a fraction with a whole or mixed number••Multiplying two mixed numbers••Equivalent fractions••Division:••Of a whole number, mixed number, or fraction by a fraction ormixed number••Of a fraction or a mixed number by a whole number••Changing fractions to decimals; decimals to fractions••Finding fractional part of wholeDecimals•• Money••Reading and writing: writing a fraction or decimal as a fraction••Place value:••To the thousandths’ placehhTo the millionths’ place••Addition and subtraction: annexing zeros90 red indicates NEW MATERIAL••Multiplication:••By a whole number••By another decimal••When zeros are annexed••Division:••By a whole number••Eliminating decimal point in divisor••Annexing zeros to avoid remain ders••Comparing and repeating decimals••Rounding••Timed mastery••Changing fractions to decimals and decimals to fractionshhTerminating decimalshhRepeating decimalshhConverting repeating decimals to fractionsProblem Solving & Applications••Word problems: steps of problem-solving process••Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division••Fractions, money, measures••Time, averages, decimals••Geometry, graphshhEquations, ratio, percent, proportion••One, two, three, and four steps••Mixed operations••Eliminating unnecessary informationhhMaking a tablehhConversion factorshhUsing logic chartshhFinding a patternhhTesting a hunchhhMaking a sensible guesshhDrawing a geometric modelhhUsing proportions••Applications:hhBroader, deeper understanding of concepts:hhMeasures, Roman numerals, money, graphs, scale drawings, geometryhhCharts, time, banking, ratio, proportion, reading meters (electricand gas)hhDiscount, interest, sales tax, profit, commissionhhInstallment buying, planning budgets, amount of profitTime•• Table of time:••Second, minute, hour••Day, week, month, year, leap year••Decade, score, century, millenniumhhTime zones:hhPrime meridianhhInternational Date LinehhCoordinated Universal TimehhDaylight Savings TimehhLatitudehhDegreesMoney••Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division with dollar sign ($)and decimal point (.)Arithmetic cont. p. 91

Sixth GradeArithmetic cont.Measures••Temperature:••Reading and writing••Terms: degrees••Celsius and Fahrenheit: freezing and boiling points of water;normal body temperature••Conversions: Celsius to Fahrenheit; Fahrenheit to Celsius••Length:••English: inch, foot, yard, mile••Metric: millimeter, centimeter, deci meter, meter, decameter,hectometer, kilometer••Weight:••English: ounce, pound, ton••Metric: milligram, centigram, decigram, gram, decagram, hectogram,kilogram••Capacity:••English: fluid ounces, cup, pint, quart, gallon, peck, bushels,teaspoon, tablespoon••Metric: milliliter, centiliter, deciliter, liter, decaliter, hectoliter, kiloliter••Ordering measures: least to greatest••Converting measures within the same system••Adding and subtracting unlike measures within the same system••Square measure:••English: square inches, square feet, square yards, square acres,square mileshhMetric: cm 2 , m 2 , km 2 ; hectares••Timed mastery••Metric prefixeshhCompound measures: adding, subtracting, multiplyingGraphing, Statistics, Probability•• Graphs:••Pictographs; bar, line graphshhCircle, rectangle graphshhStatistics: range, mean, median, ranked••Scale drawinghhFinding distance on maps••Probability ratioGeometry•• Plane figures:••Simple closed figure, polygon••Quadrilateral: parallelogram, rectangle, square, rhombus, trapezoid••Pentagon, hexagon, heptagon, octagon••Triangle: right, isosceles, equilateral••Angles:••Right, acute, obtuse, straighthhIn a circle••Lines: line segment, ray, intersecting lines; parallel and perpendicularlines••Terms:••Point, plane, vertex, congruent, similar, diagonalhhBase, radius, diameter, arc, degree, semicircle••Perimeter of a polygon••Formulas for:••Rectangle, squarehhParallelogram, triangle, irregular shapes••Converting measures to find perimeter red indicates NEW MATERIAL••Area:••Formulas for:••Rectangle, squarehhParallelogram, triangle, circle, complex shapeshhCircumference: formulahhUsing a compass and protractorhhConstructions: circles, angleshhBisecting angleshhSliding, rotating, and flipping shapes••Recognize models and symbols:••. (point); — line segment; ↔ line; → ray; ∠ angleh h|| parallel lines; triangle; ≅ congruent; ∩ arc; π piPercent, Ratio, Proportion••Recognize symbol: % (percent)hhReading and writing:hhPercent as a fraction, decimal, ratiohhFraction as a percenthhDecimal as a percenthhSubtracting from 100%hhWord problems••Timed masteryhhFinding percentage:hhOf a whole numberhhWhen the percent ends in a fraction; percent is over 100%hhBy comparison when the percent is given as more or less thanhhLess than 1%hhEstimating answershhFinding:hhPercent by comparisonhhPercent of increase or decrease••The rate of discounthhPercent for circle graphs••DiscountshhAmount of profit••Simple interesthhThe basehhRatio:hhReading and writinghhTerms: antecedent, consequenthhEquivalent, word problemshhProportion:hhReading and writinghhTerms: means, extremes, cross products, word problemsPre-Algebra•• Solving equations••Negative numbers••Squares and square roots:hhPerfect squares••Exponents, bases, radical signs ( )••Order of operations:hhBroader, deeper understanding of concepts••Powers of tenhhAlgebraic multiplicationhhTwo-step equations91

Sixth GradeHistory & GeographyNew World History and Geography offers a Christian perspective on the history and geography ofNorth and South America. It includes a chapter on Canada and a chapter on the recent events inthe United States and around the world. Important geographical facts and historical documents thatshould be given special attention throughout the year are highlighted and placed for easy reference.By reading special-feature articles found throughout the text, students will learn about the lives andcontributions of great missionaries and other well-known Christian leaders.Added Enrichment•• Maps and important facts about each continent••Comprehension checks (92)••Chapter checkups (18)••Time line of important dates at beginning ofeach U.S. history chapter (9)••Special feature boxes (25):••Historical concepts, events, and special interests••People of history and missionary heroes thatinfluenced Western Hemisphere countrieshighlighted throughout text••Map skills and activities worksheets (44):••Chapter content review (7)••Review of physical, political, and geograph i calfeatures of Western Hemisphere (34)••Map skills (4)••Current event reports (12)••Canadian Province Notebook:optional research project of a selected Canadianprovince or territory••Nation map project: optionalEvaluation••Printed quizzes (39)••Homework quizzes (6)••Tests (11)••9-weeks exam (4)••Atlas and geography factsmemorized and evaluated onquizzes and tests red indicates NEW MATERIALHistory Study••The first Americans and the land they found:hhGreatest migration in history••Land the Americans settled:•• Geography of North AmericahhGeography of Central and South America••How American Indians lived: education, food, clothing, shelter,recreation, religion••North America: cold lands to the north:hhTrip to the North PolehhTundra (“Land of the Midnight Sun”): land, plants, animalshhPeople of the tundra (Eskimos): traditional life, modern lifehhNorthern woodlands: tall trees, animalshhIndians of the Far North: food, clothing, homes, religion, children,modern life••Canada: the second largest country:hhVast lands to the north: sparsely settledhhHighlights of Canadian historyhhMaritime provinceshhQuebec and OntariohhPrairie provinceshhBritish Columbia and TerritorieshhPeople, resources, and industryhhCanadian government: constitutional monarchy, Prime Minister,Parliament, Royal Canadian Mounted Police••The Eastern United States:••Eastern coast and mountainshhAtlantic Ocean facts, uses, fishhhWoodland animals•• Indians of the eastern woodlands:hhHopewell Indians, Iroquois League of Five Nations, SouthernIndians••Indians the Pilgrims knew••Missionaries to the American Indians:••John EliothhJohn Campanius••Roger Williams, David Brainerd••Famous woodland Indians:••SequoyahhJoseph Brant and Tecumseh••The North American plains:hhWorld’s largest prairiehhAnimals of the prairiehhSpecial geographical features of the landhhPlains Indians••The American West:••Rocky Mountains:hhCordilleras Chain, the Great Divide, mountain flora and faunahhIntermountain Region: plateaus and desertshhDesert flora and fauna: hardy plants, variety of animals••Pacific Ocean:hhCoastal RegionshhIndians of the West••The colonial heritage:••English colonize America:••Spain and France••England: John Cabot••Roanoke••Jamestown:••London Company••Captain John SmithhhLord De La WarrhhFree enterprise system92History & Geography cont. p. 93

Sixth GradeHistory & Geography cont.History Study cont.••Pilgrims: lovers of religious freedom:••Settling in Plymouth••Friends with the Indians••First ThanksgivinghhThanksgiving of 1623••New England Colonies:••Massachusetts and the Puritans:hhMassachusetts Bay Company and Charles I••Massachusetts Bay Colony and BostonhhOle’ Deluder Satan Act••Roger Williams and Rhode Island••New Hampshire: fish and lumber••Connecticut: “Place of the Long River”••New England: churches••Middle Colonies:••New York:••Settled by the DutchhhPatroon system•••• Delaware: New Sweden• Pennsylvania:• Quaker StatehhSociety of FriendshhMoravians and Count von Zinzendorf••••Virginia: oldest colony••Maryland: freedom for Catholics••Carolinas: the Southern Plantation••Georgia: last of the thirteen••• New Jersey: haven of religious freedom• Southern Colonies:• The Great Awakening:• Jonathan Edwards, George WhitefieldhhPhillis Wheatley••••••• George Washington and the New World’s first republic:• Young hero of the French and Indian War• French settle New France• French and Indian War:• Fort le Boeuf and George Washington• General BraddockhhFort Duquesne••••• Defeat at Quebec• Threats to American Freedoms:• King George III and the Stamp Act• The Boston Massacre and the Boston Tea PartyhhThe Quebec Act••••• Colonists prepare to fight• Fight for Independence• Independence for America• Building a new nation:hhCivil governmenthhThree branches of governmenthhRights and responsibilities of Americans•••Pioneers push farther west:•• Expansion and evangelism:• Daniel Boone and the Wilderness Road:hhCumberland Gap••Settling the Northwest TerritoryhhThe Erie Canal•• red indicates NEW MATERIAL• Revival and missions:• Second Great Awakening:hhRichard Allen••Beginnings of American missions••Christianity among black Americans:••Lott Carey, Colin Teague, Lemuel HayneshhJohn Jasper, Catherine Ferguson, John Chavis••From the Gulf of Mexico to the Rocky Mountains:••Purchasing and exploring Louisiana••War of 1812:hhTreaty of Ghent•••• United States gains Florida and the Southwest• From sea to sea:• Gold Rush:hhJohn Marshall••Oregon Territory••New friends in Japan:hhCommodore Matthew Perry, Samuel Wells Williams, and JonathanGoble••Division and reunion:••Slavery, compromisehhTariffs••States’ rightshhAbolitionists: Harriet Beecher Stowe, Sojourner TruthhhUnderground railroad and Harriet Tubman••Civil War begins:••Fort Sumter, Emancipation Proclamation, Ulysses S. Grant,Robert E. LeehhStonewall Jackson••Important Civil War battles••Gettysburg Address••Other events of Civil War times:hhNational motto, new songs, American Red Cross••Gospel spreads, Pony Express, transcontinental railroad••Rebuilding the South: Booker T. Washington, George WashingtonCarver••The nation grows and prospers:••Western frontier: Indians of the Great Plains, Homestead Act,Oklahoma Land RushhhFamous westerners: Buffalo Bill, Annie OakleyhhJames Garfield••Immigration, revival, industry••Inventions: new ways to do thingshhNorbert RillieuxhhGranville T. Woods••New frontiers: Alaska, Hawaii••Spanish-American War: Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico••Into the twentieth century:hhOur country in 1900hhMajor world powerhhEducation, religionhhMasters of invention and technologyhhHall of Fame for Great Americans93History & Geography cont. p. 94

Sixth GradeHistory & Geography cont.History Study cont.hhPresident Theodore Roosevelt:hhChildhood, public servant, Great White Fleet•• 26th President, Rough Riders, Panama CanalhhDiscovery of the North PolehhSinking of the Titanic••World War I••Between the World Wars:••Great Depression and plans for peace that failedhhChallenges to Christianity••Fighting for freedom:••World between the wars:••Russia: Communism••Italy: Fascism••Germany: National SocialismhhJapan: MilitarismhhWorld War II: many wars in onehhU.S. enters World War II:hhJapanese-American patriotshhBenjamin O. Davis, Jr.hhGeneral Douglas MacArthur••Continuing world problems: United Nations, spread of Communism,Berlin divided, Israel becomes a nation, Korean War••Time for freedom and responsibility:••Years of prosperity and opportunity:••Post-war boom••Advances in technology••Freedom and opportunity for all Americans:hhJackie Robinson and Mel Martinez••Preserving freedom in an age of big government:••Proper role of government••President Eisenhower••President Kennedy:hhNew frontier••President Johnson:hhGreat Society••Return to peace through strength: Ronald Reagan, decline of the“Evil Empire”••Advances for freedom: Operation Desert Storm, collapse of theSoviet Union••Twentieth century comes to a close:hhNationwide moral decline:hhDeclining academics and school violencehhWhitewater investigation••Into the new millennium:••Terrorism strikes again 9/11, “War on Terror”••War in Afghanistan••Natural disastershhAxis of evil, War in IraqhhIllegal immigration, election 2008hhMexico and Central America:hhMiddle AmericahhMexico (land of the Aztecs): geography, many climates, naturalresources, people, cities, recreation, government red indicates NEW MATERIALhhCentral America (land in between):hhMayans: builders of civilizationhhClimate, natural resources, wildlifehhCountries of Central AmericahhWest Indies—Islands of the Caribbean:hhLand of discovery: rich heritage, from colonial days to modern dayshhExploring the West Indies: islands of mountains and coral, colorfulcreatures on land and in the sea, climate, industryhhCuba: country under Communist dictatorship, desire and need forcapitalismhhSouth America:hhExploring South America: tropical climate and opposite seasons,many nations and varied geography, animal life, abundant nationalresourceshhThe Amazon and its peopleshhHighlights of South American history: Incas, rule by Spain and Portugal,struggle for independence, South America’s greatest needhhNations of South America:hhPeru: land of IncashhEcuadorhhBolivia: country with two capitalshhColombia, Venezuela, and the Three GuianashhBrazil (giant of the south): land of the Amazon, historical events,prosperous economy, people, citieshhArgentina: land of pampas, granary of the southhhChile: where land endshhParaguay: from prosperity to povertyhhUruguay: industrious little countryGeography Study•• Atlas facts memorized:••9 maps, both physical and political, cover hemispheres, continents,oceans••Western Hemisphere: location of straits, bays, gulfs, rivers, lakes,waterfalls, islands, peninsulas and isthmuses, mountain ranges,mountain peaks, deserts, and highlandshhMap mastery countries and cities for the Western Hemisphere:hhCanada: 13 provinces and territories, 8 citieshhMiddle America: 20 countries and dependencies, 12 citieshhSouth America: 13 countries, 9 cities•• Geography facts memorized:••Geography terms over land and sea forms (68)••Climate zones••Using latitude and longitudeMemory Work•• 6 documents:••The American’s Creed••Portion of The Declaration of Independence••Preamble to the Constitution••First Amendment to the Constitution••The Rights of Americans••Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address••States and capitals••44 U.S. Presidents94

Sixth GradeScienceObserving God’s World is an excellent bridge between elementary and junior high ormiddle school science. This memorable text presents the universe as the direct creationof God and refutes the man-made idea of evolution.Observing God’s World features photos, art, and charts that clearly illustrate the scienceconcepts being taught. Students will apply what they have learned by doing projectsand experiments both at home and at school. Some of the topics students will studyinclude invertebrates, plants, forces of the earth, the universe, space travel, and matterand chemistry. red indicates NEW MATERIALAdded Enrichment••Worksheets (24) including:labeling diagrams, identification,chapter content review••Suggested:••Review games (13)••DVDs (2)••Adopt-a-Tree poster••Astronomy reportEvaluation••Printed quizzes (25)••Homework quizzes (9)••Tests (8)••9-weeks exam (3)Plants••Leaves:hhPhotosynthesis in detail, leaf anatomy, tendrils, spines, bulbs,insectivorous plants••Roots and stems:hhShoot system, taproot, root cap, root hairshhEpiphytes, cellulose, cell wallhhStolon or “runner,” rhizomes, thorns••Flower, fruit, and seed:••Flower structure:hhBud, bracts, ovary, ovules, stigmahhProcess of fertilization••Fruits:hhDevelopment and scientific definition••Conditions for seed growth••Seed structure:hhCotyledonshhHybrid••Plant families you should know:••Composite familyhhPea, rose, lily, grass families:hhCereal grass, turf grass, woody grass••Trees:hhPerennials, annuals, biennials••Notable trees:hhCalifornia redwoodhhBanyan, candlewood, and baobab trees••Bristlecone pinehhCambium, tree bark••Annual growth rings••Broadleaf trees:hhHardwoods••Deciduous••Selected broadleaf trees:••Maples, elms oaks:hhSpecific examples, Dutch elm diseasehhBirches, willows: specific examples••Conifers:hhTypes of cones, conifer pollinationhhCharacteristics contrasted with broadleaf trees••Evergreens••Selected conifers:••Pines, hemlocks, firs, spruces:hhSpecific exampleshhDouglas firshh Larches: tamarackhhRedwoods: giant sequoia, General Sherman tree, bald cypress,kneeshhCypresses: cedars, junipers, western red cedar, cedar of Lebanon•• Palms:hhFronds••Coconuts••Plant surprises:••Ferns:••SporeshhFern anatomy: spore cases, rhizoids, frondshhTree fern••Mosses:hhMoss anatomyhhPeat moss••Algae:hhDiatoms, diatomite, dinoflagellates, flagella, filamentous algae••Seaweeds: blades, air sacs, holdfasts••KelphhAlgin••Carrageenan••Fungi:hhSaprophytes••ParasiteshhMycelium, hyphae••Molds and mildews:hhStructure and characteristics••Penicillin••Mushroom:hhStructure: fruiting body••YeasthhSlime molds, lichensActivities & Demonstrations:hhRecognizing leaf shapeshhColoring carnationshhDemonstrating tropism in plantshhDissecting a flowerhhMaking bark rubbingshhWorking with yeastshhHunting mushrooms••Producing bread mold spores95Science cont. p. 96

Sixth GradeScience cont.Invertebrates••Classification:hhKingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species, scientificname••Vertebrate, invertebrate••Insects:hhGeneral characteristics of anthropods••Insect anatomy:hhTracheae, air sacs••Metamorphosis:••CompletehhIncompletehhClassificationhhFamiliar orders of insects: Orthoptera, Odonata, Coleoptera,Homoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Diptera••Spiders:hhArachnids, book lung, details of silk production and use••Selection of spiders:hhTrap-weaving, ambushing, and hunting spiders••Swimming spiders:hhFishing spider••Water spiderhhTarantulas, Goliath birdeaterhhOther arachnids: harvestman, scorpions, ticks, mites••Crustaceans:••Regeneration, plankton••Crabs, lobsters, shrimp:hhAnatomy, specific examples••BarnacleshhKrill, wood licehhCentipedes and millipedes••Worms:••Earthworms:hhCastingshhParasitic worms: leeches, tapeworms, roundworms••Mollusks:hhMantle••Snails and slugs:hhGastropods••Univalves••Cowrie, conchhhNudibranch••Bivalves••Cephalopods:••Jet propulsion; octopus, squidhhCuttlefish, nautilus••Strange sea specimens:••Sea stars: rays, tube feet••Sea urchins:hhSand dollarhhSea lily, feather star, sea cucumberhhSponge••Sea anemonehhCoral polyphhHydra96 red indicates NEW MATERIAL••Jellyfish:••Stinging cellshhLife cycle: larva, polyp, medusa••Portuguese man-of-war••Protozoans:hhGod’s design for variety in the world of invertebrateshhCell parts: cell membrane, cytoplasm, organelles, nucleus,chromosomeshhAmoeba: pseudopods, food vacuolehhParamecium: ciliahhRelationship between protozoans and humans; discovery ofprotozoanshhScience and great Christians: Jonathan EdwardsActivities & Demonstrations:hhObserving spiders and their wayshhSnorkeling for sea invertebrates••Making exhibits:••InsecthhArachnid, crustacean, earthworm, mollusk, ocean, protozoanGeology•• Earth’s structure:••Crust, mantle, core:hhMoho••Chemical and physical weatheringhhMovements of the crust, plates, mid-oceanic ridgeshhEarthquakes: tsunami, tremor, seismology, fault, focus, epicenter,magnitude, Richter scale, seismic belts••Volcanoes:••MagmahhMagma chamber, vent, Ring of Fire, fumaroles••LavahhTephra: volcanic ash, bombs and blocks, lapillihhClassification:hhBy formation: shield, cinder cone, composite, calderahhBy activity: active, dormant, extincthhBy kind of eruption: Hawaiian, Strombolian, Plinian••Igneous rocks:hhExtrusive, intrusive••Sedimentary rocks:hhMechanical, chemical, and organic sediments; breccia, halite, gypsum••Metamorphic rocks:hhFoliated and unfoliated••Gems:hhPrecious and semiprecious stones••Diamond:hhDiamond pipe••RubyhhSapphire, emerald, red spinel••Metals:hhPrecious metal••Gold, silverhhPlatinum••Iron:hhSteel••Copper: brass, bronzehhAluminumScience cont. p. 97

Sixth GradeScience cont.Geology cont.•• Fossil fuels:••Coal:hhTypes of coal: anthracite, bituminous, sub-bituminous, lignitehhCoal mining: surface mining, overburden, underground mining•• Petroleum:hhCrude oil, hydrocarbonshhFinding, recovering, and refining petroleum: fractional distillation•• Caves:hhCavern, speleologyhhCave types: sea cave, lava cave, solution cave•• Limestone:hhCalcium carbonate••• Cave formations:• Stalactites, stalagmiteshhSoda straws, columns, draperies, flowstones, moon milk, caverafts, cave pearlshhLife in caves: trogloxenes, troglophiles, troglobites••Earth’s magnetic field:••Basics of magnetismhhMagnetic vs. geographic poles of EarthhhThe source of Earth’s magnetism: electromagnet••The magnetosphere: solar wind, aurorasActivities & Demonstrations:••Demonstrating:••Weathering from water and plantshhWeathering from chemicalshhMaking a volcanohhDemonstrating:hhIgneous rock textures with fudgehhStratification of sedimentary rock••Growing salt crystals; rock hounding; testing for calcium carbonatehhGrowing stalactitesGod’s Great Universe•• What space is like: vacuum, temperature extremes••Galaxies:••Galaxy, Milky WayhhLocal group; notable galaxies, superclusterhhGalactic shapes: spiral, barred spiral, elliptical, irregularhhNebulae••Constellations:hhCassiopeia, Cepheus, Andromeda, Pegasus, Cygnus, Draco, Taurus,Sagittarius, Centaurus••Stars:••Structure and atmosphere of the sun:hhGranule, spicule, solar prominence, solar flarehhLight year, star magnitude, colors and categories, supernovahhEarly ideas in astronomy: earth-centered universe, sun-centereduniverse, ellipse, three laws of planetary motion, gravity••Exploring the solar system: overview of planets, moons••Earth: revolution, rotation, atmosphere, ozone layer, greenhouse effect••Moon: lunar month, phases, the moon and tides••Smaller space travelers:hhAsteroids, comets••Meteors:hhMeteorite, impactsActivities & Demonstrations:hhObserving frictionhhDrawing ellipseshhStudying the tail of a comethhLearning meteor shower schedulesExploring Space••Understanding light:hhElectromagnetic wave•• Speed of light red indicates NEW MATERIALhhFrequency, wavelength, electromagnetic spectrum••• Instruments of astronomy:• Refracting and reflecting telescope, Hubble Space telescopehhAdaptive optics; spectroscope, radio telescopes••Principles of space flight:••AstronautshhObjects and satellites in orbithhSir Isaac Newton: discoverer of God’s lawshhRace to the moon: Sputnik and Explorer I, Gemini and Apollo programshhSpace stations: Salyut, Skylab, Mir, International Space StationhhSpace shuttle and beyond: private space flights, return trips to moonhhSatellites and space probes: communication, weather, navigational,earth observation, military, and astronomical satellites; space probeshhExploring:hhInner planets: detailed description of Mercury, Venus, Earth, MarshhOuter planets: detailed description of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, NeptunehhSpace explorers: William and Caroline Herschel••Origin of the universe: God createdActivities & Demonstrations:• • Observing: reflection and refraction; the sights in night skyMatter & Chemistry•• Materials and matter:••Mass, weight, densityhhMeasuring density••Atoms:hhAnatomy of an atom••ElectronshhProtons, neutrons, atomic numberhhElements: definition of an element, selected elements••Groups of elements:hhPeriodic table, metals, nonmetals, semimetalshhAlkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, noble gases••Molecules and compounds:hhDefinition of compound, formulas of compounds, nonmolecularcompoundshhNonionic crystals, compounds vs. mixtures, chemical reactions•• Robert Boyle: pioneer of modern chemistryActivities & Demonstrations:hhObserving elementshhSeparating mixtureshhObserving chemical reactions97

Sixth GradeHealthChoosing Good Health places special emphasis on the study of the endocrine, immune, and nervoussystems. Students become familiar with major health concerns such as drug abuse and AIDS,and discover the physical, mental, social, and spiritual effects of these problems on the individualand on the nation. A proper attitude toward safety is stressed in Choosing Good Health, teachingstudents personal responsibility for safety behavior. Students learn to recognize symptoms requiringemergency aid and practice basic first-aid procedures for minor injuries.Added Enrichment••Worksheets (11) including: chapter content review;body systems content; locating and identifyingbody systems and parts••Physical exercises (15)••Mental exercises (7)••Demonstrations (2): checking your pulse;checking your field of vision••Review games (17)••Optional CD and DVD red indicates NEW MATERIALEvaluation••Printed quizzes (8)••Homework quizzes (2)••Tests (4)Safety & First Aid••Safety:••Personal safety:••Poison preventionhhFirearm safety••Electrical shock, fire and burn preventionhhYard-work safetyhhLadder safetyhhKeys••Passenger safety••Strangers:hhOn the telephonehhAt the doorhhPersonal precautions••Recreational safety:••Bicycle and walking safetyhhHeat exhaustion, heat stroke••Water safety:hhThe buddy systemhhSurvival float, Heat Escape Lessening Posture, ocean swimminghhWinter sports safety: preventing hypothermia and frostbite;sledding and ice skating safetyhhWilderness sports:hhHiking and campfire safety••Dealing with poisonous plants, ticks, and poisonous snakes••Environmental safety in:••Thunderstorms, hurricanes, tornadoes:hhEarthquakes••First Aid:••Basic first aid:hhDiscerning emergency situations: emergency medical technician,paramedic; basic rules in an emergency medical situation••Sports aid: muscles and bones:hhRICE treatment:••Strain, sprain••Simple and compound fracture:hhSplinthhDislocation••Skin-deep irritations:••AbrasionshhCuts (incision): stitches••Nosebleeds, insect stings, contact poisoninghhSunburn, hot weather cramps, heat exhaustion, heat stroke, skincancer; frostbite, hypothermia, gangrene••Critical conditions:hhSevere bleeding:hhPressure points: brachial, femoral, carotid, and temporal arterieshhHead injury: concussion, contusion••Not breathing:hhRescue breathing••Choking: Heimlich maneuver••Poison:••Substance swallowed••Poison bite:hhAntivenin, neurotoxic••Burns:hhKinds: thermal, electrical, and chemical burnshhLayers of skinhhDegrees of burnGrowth & Fitness••Your changing body:hhUterine development: egg, sperm, cell division, womb, placenta,umbilical cordhhBody growth and development: motor skillshhCells, tissues, organs, systems:hhParts of a cell: cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, organelles,chromatinhhBody regulatorshhEndocrine system: hormones, endocrine glandshhPituitary gland: growth hormonehhThyroid gland: controls metabolismhhAdrenal glands: adrenalinehhGonads: reproductionhhPineal gland: time awarenesshhIslets of Langerhans: insulin, glucagon••Maintaining an active lifestyle:hhBody systems: skeletal, muscular, circulatory, respiratory, and nervoussystems••Importance of good nutrition: balanced diet, vitamins, minerals••Physical fitness needed:••Circulatory system: aerobic exercises••Respiratory system: alveoli, diaphragm98Health cont. p. 99

Sixth GradeHealth cont.Growth & Fitness cont.• • Muscular system:hhAtrophic muscles, origin and insertion points•• Muscle nameshhSkeletal system:hhTypes of bones, marrow:hhCartilage connectors: immovable, slightly movable, andfreely movable jointshhTotal workout: 14 fitness exercises include warm-ups andstretches, aerobic workout, and aerobic cool-downA Healthy Mind & Body•• Your body’s defenses:••Immunity and disease-causing microorganisms:hhImmune system••Microbes, viruses, bacteriahhIntegumentary system:••Skin layers, mucus membrane, ciliahhHydrochloric acid, lysozymehhLymphatic system:hhTissue fluid, lymph capillaries, lymph vessels, lymph nodes,lymphocytes, Peyer’s patches, spleen, thymus••Protein products:••Disease fighters: antibodies••Protection through prevention:••Vaccines:hhPolio epidemic••Healthful foods:••Prevent rickets, osteoporosishhPrevent scurvy••Rest and sleep, daily exercisehhCleanliness: prevent acne; derma tologisthhGod’s Word on disease: attitude, morality and AIDS, the wonderof God’s glory red indicates NEW MATERIAL••Nervous system:hhCentral nervous system:hhThe brain:hhCerebrum: right and left hemisphere, short- and long-term memoryhhCerebellum: balance and movementshhBrain stem: involuntary muscle activityhhSpinal cord: carries messages, reflex actions••Peripheral nervous system:••Involuntary actionshhSpinal and cranial nerves••Nerves and senses:hhSensory and motor nerve fibers; sensory receptors, olfactory nerves••Taste budshhParts of the ear: eustachian tube, semicircular canalshhParts of the eye:hhSclera, cornea, conjunctiva, rods and cones, eye sockets••Optic nerve••Drug use and abuse:••Use of drugs:••Helpful drugs, antibioticshhPrescription, sulfa drugs, penicillin; general and local anestheticshhNarcotic and non-narcotic analgesics••Abuse of drugs:hhHarmful drugs:hhNarcotic, addiction, drug tolerancehhMarijuana: hallucinationshhInhalantshhCocaine: stimulant, crack cocainehhNicotine: tar, carcinogen, carbon monoxide, secondhand smoke,chewing tobacco, snuffhhAlcohol: depressant, ethanol, alcoholism••Spiritual life: spiritual food, spiritual exercise, spiritual restBibleSixth graders are looking for heroes, and they will find many to pattern their lives after as theystudy such outstanding Old Testament figures as Daniel, Elijah, and Esther. They will also learnmany important values by studying stories such as the parables of Jesus. These stories teachstudents about being compassionate, having faith in God’s provision, knowing that God stillloves His wayward children, anticipating Christ’s return, and praying for specific things. Those attributesare just a few important truths that each sixth grader will learn and can apply to his life.Evaluation••Graded memory versepassages (8)••Content tests (5) red indicates NEW MATERIALLessons 435 A Beka Flash-a-Cards••Salvation Series (5 lessons)••Life of Christ Series (36): First Christmas; Boyhood and EarlyMinistry of Jesus; Jesus Heals and Helps; Later Ministry of Jesus;Crucifixion and Resurrection••Parables of Jesus Series 1 and 2 (12)••Elijah (6); Daniel (6); Esther (5); Ezra and Nehemiah (7)••The First ThanksgivingMusic 54 songs••Choruses, hymns of the faith, and holiday and patriotic songs including:hh20 new hymns and songs; 8 new chorusesMemory WorkhhNew individual verses (13); passages (9) containing 31 verses•• Review verses (86)99Bible cont. p. 100

Sixth GradeBible cont.Doctrinal Drill 60 questions/answers••Increase Bible knowledge of basic doctrines: the Bible, God, sin,salvation, heaven, assurance of salvation••8 questions with verses to memorize as answers red indicates NEW MATERIALPrayer Time••Learn to pray with thanks giving for each other, our nation, those inauthority over usSword Drills••Learn to quickly find 114 Old and New Testament referencesMusicSongs We Enjoy 6 brings together traditional, patriotic, holiday, and fun songs that have becomea part of our American heritage. Historical and cultural information, definitions for unfamiliarwords, and other enrichment ideas are included throughout this book. The sing-along CD makessong time easy for the teacher and enjoyable for the students. red indicates NEW MATERIALSkills Development 66 songs••Follow a song leader while singing with class or CDhhDefine and understand 37 unfamiliar words and phrases in lyrics•• Sing in rounds and echo sing; sing with dynamic contrasts••Improve coordination skills with songs that require hand motions••Learn historical facts through patriotic, folk, and Americana songsVariety of Songs to Memorize••Folk, patriotic, Americana, fun, holiday, songs at sea, spirituals, and hymnsArts & CraftsArt C encourages students to keep drawing and creating their own works of art.As they follow the step-by-step format, students will be excited with their increasingability to draw. They will learn new art concepts such as two-point perspectiveand composition. In addition to using mixed media to create collages and threedimensionalsculptures, students will use colored pencils and watercolor paints ormarkers. Students will also become acquainted with different styles of art by studyingthe work of accomplished artists.Added Enrichment••Introduction to influential artists:N. C. Wyeth, Adam Clague, ThomasSully, Bonnie Kwan Huo, and Brian Jekel••Art forms: woodcut, origami, abstract,calligraphy, collage, still life, and landscapes••Introduction to popular prints and works red indicates NEW MATERIALSkill &Concept Development 38 projects••Value (12)hhPerspective: one- and two-point; foreshortening (7)hhProportion: facial, body; size distance relations (6)••Analogous, primary, secondary, and intermediate hues (17)••Complements (3)hhComposition (3)••Symmetry (2)hhMood: using color (1)Technique Development•• Drawing:••Sketching, shading, shapes (4)hhFigures (1)••Animated expression and cartoons (1)hhOverlapping (1)••Enlarging (1)••Modeling:hhMixed-media shaping (5)••Painting:••Washes, watercolors (4)hhMasks (2)••Resists (1)hhStreaking, dabbing (3)••Spattering (2)hhDry brushing (2)••Chalking (2)100

EnglishGrammar & Composition Grade 7Grade 7Grammar and Composition I purposes: to emphasize the orderly structure of our language andtrain students to use the English language effectively. The Christian perspective of this textbookpromotes standards of correct grammar and usage, equipping students with the tools they need tobecome effective communicators in both speaking and writing.Students will learn to recognize the different parts of speech, fit these parts of speech together toform sentences, join sentences together to make paragraphs, and organize paragraphs into compositions.They will also learn to develop complete and orderly thoughts and to communicate thosethoughts clearly and concisely, so that they can use God’s gift of language effectively.Added Enrichment•• English teaching transparencies••Review games••Grammar Court procedures explainedEvaluation••Grammar quizzes (21)••Tests (8), 9-weeks exam (2)•• Semester exam, final exam•••Compositions:•••Summary (3)••Book reports: full (2), short (2), oral (1)••Description, research paper, friendly letter (1 each)••Optional (graded at teacher discretion):••Original poems, character sketches• Narratives (imaginative and first person)• Patriotic pledge, full book report red indicates NEW MATERIALGrammar•• Capitalization:••Proper nouns and words formed from proper nouns:••Particular persons, places, things••Words referring to Deity and Holy Scripture••Words from proper nouns••Common noun or adjective when part of proper name••Titles of persons, titles of works••First word of every sentence••Pronoun I and interjection O••First word of every line of poetry••Punctuation:••End marks:••Period for declarative sentences and abbreviations••Question mark for interrogative sentences••Exclamation point for exclamatory sentences••Commas:••Before a coordinating conjunction joining two independentclauses••To indicate:••Omissions or avoid possible misreading••Nonessential elements in a sentence:••Appositive and appositive phrase••Direct address••Well, yes, no, or why••Parenthetical expressionshhTo set off introductory phrases or clauses••In dates and addresses••After salutations and closings of letters••Semicolons:••Between independent clauses:••If not using coordinating conjunction••Joined by:hhTransitional words••Coordinating conjunction if clauses already containcommas••Colons:••Before a list of items••Between:••Chapter and verse of Bible reference••Hour and minute of time reference••After salutation of a business letter••Italics: for titles of books, magazines, newspapers, plays, works ofart, ships, trains, aircraft, and spacecraft••Hyphens:••To divide a word at the end of line••In compound numbers••In fractions used as adjectives••Quotation Marks:••In a direct quotation••To enclose titles of short poems, songs, chapters, articles, andother parts of books or magazines••Apostrophes:••To form possessive case of nouns••To show omissions from words••With s to form plurals of letters, numbers, signs, and wordsused as words••The sentence:••Definition of sentence••Kinds of sentences classified by purpose: declarative, imperative,interrogative, exclamatory••Recognizing subjects and verbs: complete subject, simple subject,complete predicate, simple predicate, and verb phrase••Overcoming problems locating subjects and verbs:••Finding:••Subject in an inverted sentence: interrogative sentence,sentence beginning with there or here101Grammar & Comp. cont. p. 102

English Grade 7Grammar & Composition cont. red indicates NEW MATERIALGrammar cont.•• Subject of an imperative sentence••Verb phrase that is interrupted by other words••Diagraming subjects and verbs••Recognizing and diagraming compound subjects and verbs••Locating complements••Correcting fragments and run-on sentences••Sentence structure:hhDefining dependent and independent clauses••Recognizing and diagraming:••Simple and compound sentenceshhComplex and compound-complex sentences••Parts of speech:••Recognizing eight parts of speech••Verbs:••Recognizing action, linking, and helping verbshhDistinguishing verbs from verbals (participles)••Using principal parts of verbs••Regular verb endings••Irregular verbs••Using correct principal partshhVerb tensehhUsing consistent verb tense••Avoid incorrect verb forms••Use troublesome verbs correctly and avoid verb usageerrors••Use exact and vivid verbs••Nouns:••Recognizing nouns: compound, common, and properhhRecognizing collective nouns••Keeping agreement of subject and verb••Recognizing nouns as predicate nominatives, direct objects,indirect objects, objects of prepositions, direct address••Diagraming nouns as predicate nominatives, direct objects,indirect objects, objects of prepositionshhRecognizing and diagraming nouns as appositives••Using exact and vivid nouns•••Antecedents••Recognizing:•• Pronouns:• Personal, interrogative, demonstrative, indefinite, compoundhhRelative pronouns••Keeping agreement of verbs and indefinite pronoun subjects••Nominative case:••For subjects and predicate nominativeshhFor appositives of subjects and appositives of predicatenominatives••Objective case:••For direct objects, indirect objects, and objects of prepositionshhFor appositives of direct objects, indirect objects, objectsof prepositions••Possessive case••Adjectives:••Recognizing and diagraming:••Adjectives and proper adjectiveshhParticiples••Distinguishing adjectives from nouns and pronouns••Recognizing and diagraming predicate adjectives••Using and diagraming:••Prepositional phrases as adjectiveshhParticipial phrases as adjectiveshhAdjective clauses••Placing and punctuating adjective modifiers••Using adjectives in comparison••Avoiding double comparison and double negatives••Using exact and vivid adjectives••Adverbs:••Recognizing and digraming adverbs••Distinguishing adverbs from adjectives••Using and diagraming:••Prepositional phrases as adverbshhAdverb clauses••Correct placement of adverb modifiers••Using: adverbs in comparison, exact and vivid adverbs••Prepositions:••Recognizing prepositions, prepositional phrases, andobjects of prepositions••Distinguishing between prepositions and adverbs••Using prepositions correctly••Conjunctions:••Recognizing:••Coordinating and correlative conjunctionshhSubordinating conjunctions••InterjectionsCompositionhhManuscript form: abbreviations, numbers••Manuscript form: titles••The library: Dewey Decimal System, Library of Congress ClassificationSystem, using the catalog and reference sectionhhSummaries (3)••Outline (4):••Topical outline••Sentence outline••Format of outlinehhParallelism in an outline••Steps to preparing an outline••Book reports:••Preparing:••Written book reports including introduction, body, conclusion••Oral book reports: written preparation and oral presentation••Introducing paragraphs:••Topic sentence••Summarizing sentence••Paragraph development with details102Grammar & Comp. cont. p. 103

English Grade 7Grammar & Composition cont. red indicates NEW MATERIALComposition cont.•• Paragraph unity••Paragraph coherence:••Chronological order, order of importance, and transitionalexpressionshhSpace order, pronoun reference, and repetitionhhWriting descriptions about persons, places, and things (13):hhSteps: point of view, careful selection of details, arrangementof details, use of exact nouns and verbs••The Writing Process: plan, write, rewrite, edit••Research paper:••Planning the paper: selecting subject, finding sources, writingbibliography cards, making a preliminary outline, taking notes,writing note cards, avoiding plagiarism••Writing the paper: introduction, bodyhhUsing parenthetical citations••Rewriting the paper:••Check:••Organization, introduction, and conclusionhhUnity, coherence, and citations••Editing the paper: check each paragraph, sentence, word; capitalizationand punctuationhhPreparing works cited pagehhTyping the paperhhDocumenting the research paperhhImproving writing style: correct a choppy or monotonous style••Writing Letters:••Friendly: letter parts, thank-you note, bread-and-butter notehhBusiness: letter parts, order letter, request letterVocabulary, Spelling, Poetry Grade 7Vocabulary, Spelling, Poetry I emphasizes the application of spelling rules to lists of challenging wordsand the utilization of an expanded vocabulary. All of the spelling words are practical, and many arewords that are frequently misspelled. A majority of the vocabulary words are taken from the storiesin Of People. The goals of poetry recitation and memorization are an enjoyment and appreciation ofpoetic beauty and excellence.Added Enrichment••Spelling and vocabulary:••Review games••Spelling and vocabulary lists (28) ••Each vocabulary word includes:including review list at end of each ••Pronunciation, part of speech9 weeks:••Definition, sample sentence••Spelling words (480)••Pronunciation key••Vocabulary words (168)••Teacher resource: vocabulary mastery••Organized by spelling rules, suffixes, sentenceshomonyms, compound words, and ••Poetry: CD included to help with correctcommonly misspelled words interpretation••Practice exercises (60) red indicates NEW MATERIALEvaluation•• Spelling and vocabulary quizzes:••Weekly (24)••Quarterly review (1 each 9 weeks;each counts as 2 quiz grades)••Poetry quizzes:••Written (7)••Oral (1)Spelling & Vocabulary Skills DevelopmenthhMaster spelling and vocabulary lists that include:hhVocabulary words and definitionshhWords that follow the spelling ruleshhSound-alike suffixeshhCommonly misspelled wordshhHomonyms•••Memorize vocabulary definitions•• Use vocabulary words in sentences and in proper context• Be able to identify commonly misspelled words••Apply spelling and phonics concepts through daily teacherdirectedoral practice and independent written practicehhLearn:hhAntonyms and synonyms of vocabulary wordshhTo distinguish between homophoneshhPractical spelling tips and suggestions by studying Keys toGood Spelling••Spelling rules:••Use i before e, except after c, or when sounded like long a••Double a final consonant before adding a suffix beginningwith a vowel103Vocabulary, Spelling, Poetry cont. p. 104

English Grade 7Vocabulary, Spelling, Poetry cont. red indicates NEW MATERIALSpelling & Vocabulary Skills Development cont.•• Change y to i when adding suffixes••Drop the silent e before adding a suffix beginning with avowel••Learn exceptions to the spelling ruleshhCreating a compound word doesn’t change the spelling ofthe two partshhAdding a prefix to a word doesn’t change the word’s spellingPoetry Skills DevelopmenthhMemorize 7 lyrical poems and 1 hymn••Develop appreciation of poetry•••Perform in front of an audience••Recite in unison•••Increase vocabulary••••• Lay foundation for future literature study• Use appropriate expression and volume• Demonstrate comprehension of emotion and content• Develop a mental visualization of the poem• Discuss meaning and purpose of poems• Use proper observation of punctuationLiterature Grade 7Of People features stories and poems that can help students increase their understanding ofthemselves and others. Students will gain exposure to people of different ages, nationalities, races,cultures, and economic levels to develop a better understanding of people’s motives and feelings andto recognize the consequences of particular actions. Students will also become familiar with classicssuch as A Christmas Carol, Robinson Crusoe, Don Quixote, and Of Plymouth Plantation.Literary Value••93 authors, including well-known writers such asLouisa May Alcott, John Bunyan, Charles Dickens,Robert Frost, and Longfellow••Prose selections (50), poems (63), plays (4)••Character-building themes such as personalsacrifice, importance of family, admitting one’smistakes, and hard-work ethicsAdded Enrichment•• Footnotes define and explain unfamiliar words••Comprehension and discussion questions afterselections••Character-building quotations and versesthroughout••Introductory paragraphs for interest and backgroundinformation••Review gamesEvaluation••Speed and comprehension quizzes (15)••Homework reading quizzes (8)••Tests (8), 9-weeks exam (2)••Semester exam, final exam red indicates NEW MATERIALReading Skills Development•• Develop skills in reading speed and comprehension••Further develop oral reading skillshhBe able to identify significant quotations and the selection in whichthey are featured••Increase vocabularyComprehension, Discussion, & AnalysisSkills DevelopmenthhDevelop proper discernment according to the truths of Scripture••Answer factual, interpretive, and inferential comprehension anddiscussion questions••Improve ability to use deductive reasoning, understand cause andeffect, and draw conclusionshhBuild appreciation for good literature and a love of reading104

EnglishGrammar & Composition Grade 8Grade 8Two vital abilities, the ability to express one’s ideas creatively as well as correctly and the ability tocomprehend and interpret the written word skillfully, are built upon the elements which are included inEnglish 8. Grammar and Composition II builds upon the skills learned in earlier grammar studies providingfoundational practice of proper grammar and developing the basic composition skills used in outlining,summarizing, describing, researching, and letter-writing. Students will also be introduced to new grammarrules and new editing techniques that will allow them to expand their writing skills.Added Enrichment••English teaching transparencies••Review games••Grammar Court procedures explainedEvaluation••Grammar quizzes (22)••Tests (8), 9-weeks exam (2)••Semester exam, final exam••Compositions:••Book reports: full (2), oral (1)••Paragraphs (2), description (1)••Research paper (1) red indicates NEW MATERIAL••Optional (graded at teacher discretion):••Comparison, descriptions••Narratives (true, descriptive)••Newspaper articles, original poems••Paragraph, limerick, missionary letter••Short book reports, characteristic essay••Character sketches, journal entries••Essay answerGrammar•• Capitalization:••Proper nouns and words formed from proper nouns:••Particular persons, places, things:hhPolitical and economic organizations and alliances••Words referring to Deity and Holy Scripture••Words from proper nouns••Common noun or adjective when part of proper name••Titles of persons, titles of works••First word of every sentence••Pronoun I and interjection O••First word of every line of poetry••Punctuation:••End marks:••Period for declarative sentences and abbreviations••Question mark for interrogative sentences••Exclamation point for exclamatory sentences••Commas:••Before a coordinating conjunction joining two independentclauses••To indicate:••Omissions or avoid possible misreading••Nonessential elements in a sentence:••Appositive and appositive phrasehhParticipial phrasehhAdjective and adverb clauses••Direct address••Well, yes, no, or why••Parenthetical expressions••To set off introductory phrases or clauses••In dates and addresses••After salutations and closings of letters••Semicolons:••Between independent clauses:••If not using coordinating conjunction••Joined by:••Transitional words••Coordinating conjunction if clauses already containcommashhBetween items in a series if the items contain commas••Colons:••Before a list of itemshhTo introduce a formally announced statement or quotation••Between:••Chapter and verse of Bible reference••Hour and minute of time reference••After salutation of a business letter••Italics:••For titles of books, magazines, newspapers, plays, works ofart, ships, trains, aircraft, and spacecrafthhFor words, letters, numbers referred to as suchhhFor foreign words or phrases••Hyphens:••To divide a word at the end of line••In compound numbers••In fractions used as adjectiveshhIn prefixes before a proper noun or adjectivehhIn compound adjectives before a noun••Quotation Marks:••In a direct quotation••To enclose:••Titles of short poems, songs, chapters, articles, and otherparts of books or magazineshhA quoted passage of more than one paragraph: at thebeginning of each paragraph and at the end of the lastparagraph105Grammar & Comp. cont. p. 106

English Grade 8Grammar & Composition cont. red indicates NEW MATERIALGrammar cont.••Apostrophes:••To form:••Possessive case of nounshhIndividual possession within a grouphhPossessive case of indefinite pronouns••To show omissions from words••With s to form plurals of letters, numbers, signs, andwords used as wordshhDashes:hhAfter a series of words or phrases giving details about astatement that followshhTo indicate an abrupt change or break in a sentencehhTo set off parenthetical elements or confidential commentshhParentheses: to enclose parenthetical elements••The sentence:••Definition of sentence••Kinds of sentences classified by purpose: declarative,imperative, interrogative, exclamatory••Recognizing subjects and verbs: complete subject, simplesubject, complete predicate, simple predicate, and verbphrase••Overcoming problems locating subjects and verbs:••Finding:••Subject in an inverted sentence: interrogative sentence,sentence beginning with there or here••Subject of an imperative sentence••Verb phrase that is interrupted by other words••Diagraming subjects and verbs••Recognizing and diagraming compound subjects and verbs••Recognizing complements••Correcting fragments and run-on sentences••Sentence structure:••Defining dependent and independent clauses••Recognizing and diagraming simple, compound, complex,and compound-complex sentenceshhRecognizing noun clauses used as subjects of independentclauses••Parts of speech:••Recognizing eight parts of speech••Verbs:••Recognizing action, linking, and helping verbs:hhAction: transitive and intransitive verbs••Distinguishing verbs from verbals:••ParticipleshhGerunds and infinitives••Using:••Principal parts of verbs••Regular verb endings, irregular verbs••Correct principal parts••Verb tenses:hhUsing progressive and emphatic forms••Using consistent verb tensehhUsing active and passive voice••Avoid incorrect verb forms••Use troublesome verbs correctly and avoid verb usageerrors••Use exact and vivid verbs:hhChoosing exact verbs instead of verb-adverb combinations••Nouns:••Recognizing nouns: compound, common, proper, and collectivehhGerunds••Keeping agreement of subject and verb:hhWords ending in -ics as subjects may be singular or plural••Recognizing nouns as predicate nominatives, directobjects, indirect objects, objects of prepositions, directaddress, and appositiveshhGerund phrases••Diagraming nouns as predicate nominatives, directobjects, indirect objects, objects of prepositions, andappositives:hhDiagraming:••Compound verb with separate direct objectshhCompound verb with same direct objecthhNouns as direct addresshhGerund phrases••Using exact and vivid nouns••Pronouns:••Antecedents••Recognizing personal, interrogative, demonstrative, indefinite,compound, relative••Keeping agreement of verbs and indefinite pronoun subjectshhMaking pronouns agree with their antecedents in numberand in gender••Nominative case:••For subjects, predicate nominatives, appositives of subjects,and appositives of predicate nominativeshhFor appositives to subjects and appositives to predicatenominatives••Objective case:••For direct objects, indirect objects, and objects of prepositionsand for appositives of direct objects, indirectobjects, objects of prepositionshhFor appositives to direct objects, indirect objects,objects of prepositions••Possessive casehhUsing correct case for who, whom, whoever, and whomeverand in incomplete clauses beginning with than or ashhAvoid pronoun usage problems: double subject, possessivecase before a gerund106Grammar & Comp. cont. p. 107

English Grade 8Grammar & Composition cont. red indicates NEW MATERIALGrammar cont.•• Adjectives:••Recognizing and diagraming adjectives:••Participles and proper adjectiveshhInfinitives as adjectives••Distinguishing adjectives from nouns and pronouns••Recognizing and diagraming predicate adjectives:••Diagraming compound verbs with one predicate adjectiveand separate predicate adjectives••Using and diagraming:••Prepositional and participial phrases as adjectiveshhInfinitive phrases as adjectives••Adjective clauses••Placing and punctuating adjective modifiers••Using adjectives in comparison••Avoiding double comparison and double negatives:hhSupplying necessary words in comparison••Using exact and vivid adjectives••Adverbs:••Recognizing and digraming adverbshhInfinitives as adverbs••Distinguishing adverbs from adjectives••Using and diagraming:••Prepositional phrases as adverbshhInfinitive phrases as adverbs••Adverb clauses:hhElliptical clauses••Correct placement of adverb modifiershhDistinguishing dependent clauses••Using adverbs in comparison••Using exact and vivid adverbs••Prepositions:••Recognizing prepositions, prepositional phrases, andobjects of prepositions••Distinguishing between prepositions and adverbs••Using prepositions correctly••Conjunctions: recognizing coordinating, correlative, andsubordinating conjunctions••InterjectionsComposition•• Manuscript form: abbreviations, numbers, titles••The library: Dewey Decimal System, Library of Congress ClassificationSystem, using the catalog and reference section••Summaries (3)••Book reports:••Preparing:••Written book reports including introduction, body, conclusion••Oral book reports: written preparation and oral presentation••Outline (5):••Topical and sentence outlines••Format of outline••Parallelism in an outline••Steps to preparing an outline••Introducing paragraphs (11):••Topic sentence••Summarizing sentence••Paragraph development:••Development by examples, incidents, and reasons••Paragraph unity••Paragraph coherence: chronological order, order of importance,transitional expressions, space order, pronounreference, and repetition••Writing descriptions about persons, places, and things (14):••Steps: point of view, careful selection of details, arrangementof details, use of exact nouns and verbs••The Writing Process: plan, write, rewrite, edit••Research paper:••Planning the paper: selecting subject, finding sources,writing bibliography cards, making a preliminary outline,taking notes, writing note cards, avoiding plagiarism••Writing the paper: introduction, body••Using parenthetical citations••Rewriting the paper: check organization, introduction,conclusion, unity, coherence, and citations••Editing the paper: check each paragraph, sentence, word;capitali zation and punctuation••Preparing works cited page••Typing the paper••Documentation for research paper••Improving writing style••Correct a choppy or monotonous style:••Begin sentence with an adverb, adverb phrase, adverbclause, or participial phrasehhBegin sentence with an adjective, participle, prepositionalphrase, or infinitive phrase107

English Grade 8Vocabulary, Spelling, Poetry Grade 8Vocabulary, Spelling, Poetry II emphasizes using an expanded vocabulary and applying spellingrules when analyzing challenging words. The goals of poetry memorization and recitation arean enjoyment and appreciation of poetic beauty and excellence.Added Enrichment••Spelling and vocabulary:••Spelling and vocabulary lists (32)including review list at end of each 9 weeks:••Spelling words (560)••Vocabulary words (280)••Organized by spelling rules, suffixes,homonyms, compound words, and commonlymisspelled words••Practice exercises (68) includingcrossword puzzles••Review gamesEvaluation•••Each vocabulary word includes:• Spelling and vocabulary quizzes:••Pronunciation, part of speech••Weekly (24)••Definition, sample sentence••Quarterly review (1 each 9 weeks;••Pronunciation keyeach counts as 2 quiz grades)••CD includes a reading of the vocabulary ••Poetry quizzes: written (7), oral (2)words and definitions and samplesentences••Teacher resource: vocabulary masterysentences••Poetry: CD included to help with interpretation red indicates NEW MATERIALSpelling & Vocabulary Skills DevelopmenthhMaster spelling and vocabulary lists including:hhVocabulary words and definitionshhWords that follow the spelling ruleshhCommonly misspelled wordshhHomonyms•••Memorize vocabulary definitions••Be able to identify commonly misspelled words•• Use vocabulary words in sentences and in proper context• Apply spelling and phonics concepts through daily teacherdirectedoral practice and independent written practice••Learn:••Antonyms and synonyms of vocabulary words••To distinguish between homophones••Practical spelling tips and suggestions by studying Keys toGood Spelling••Spelling rules:••Use i before e, except after c, or when sounded like long a••Double a final consonant before adding a suffix beginningwith a vowel••Change y to i when adding suffixes••Drop the silent e before adding a suffix beginning with avowel••Learn exceptions to the spelling rules••Creating a compound word doesn’t change the spelling ofthe two parts••Adding a prefix to a word doesn’t change the word’s spellingPoetry Skills DevelopmenthhMemorize 9 lyrical poems•••••Recite in unison•••Increase vocabulary••••• Develop appreciation of poetry• Lay foundation for future literature study• Perform in front of an audience• Use appropriate expression and volume• Demonstrate comprehension of emotion and content• Develop a mental visualization of the poem• Discuss meaning and purpose of poems• Use proper observation of punctuation108

English Grades 8–9 7Literature Grade 8Of Places uses young people’s interest in other places to teach Christian character traits such ascompassion, courage, and understanding. Not only will students gain exposure to people of different ages,nationalities, races, cultures, and economic levels through a variety of literary selections, but they will alsolearn to enjoy reading wholesome literature. Many of the selections in Of Places were written by famousauthors and are well-known classics that are an important part of a student’s education. Of Places featuresexcerpts from classics such as Up from Slavery, The Jungle Book, Ben Hur, and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.Literary Value••83 authors, including well-known writers such asEmily Dickinson, L. M. Montgomery, Carl Sandburg,and Booker T. Washington••Prose selections (46), poems (48), and play (1)••Character-building themes such as personalsacrifice, importance of family, admitting one’smistakes, and hard-work ethicsAdded Enrichment•• Footnotes define and explain unfamiliar words••Comprehension and discussion questions afterselections••Character-building quotations and verses••Introductory paragraphs for interest andbackground information••Review gamesEvaluation••Speed and comprehension quizzes (19)••Homework reading quizzes (13)••Tests (8), 9-weeks exam (2)••Semester exam, final exam red indicates NEW MATERIALReading Skills Development•• Develop skills in reading speed and comprehension••Further develop oral reading skills••Be able to identify significant quotations and the selections in whichthey are featured••Increase vocabularyhhRecognize the different settings in the selectionsComprehension, Discussion, & AnalysisSkills Development•• Develop proper discernment according to the truths of Scripture••Answer factual, interpretive, and inferential comprehension and discussionquestions••Improve ability to use deductive reasoning, understand cause andeffect, and draw conclusions••Build appreciation for good literature and a love of readingGrammar & Composition Grade 9Two vital abilities, the ability to express one’s ideas creatively as well as correctly and the ability to comprehendand interpret the written word skillfully, are built upon the elements studied in English 9. Grammar andComposition III provides foundational practice of proper grammar and develops the basic composition skillsutilized in outlining, summarizing, researching, and writing a variety of expositions, letters, and essay answers.Added Enrichment••English teaching transparencies••Review gamesEvaluation••Grammar quizzes (29)••Tests (8), 9-weeks exam (2)••Semester exam, final exam••Compositions:••Book reports: full (2), oral (1)••Paragraph, description (1 each)••Research paper (1)••Optional (graded at teacher discretion):••Narratives (true), historic paragraph••Magazine preview, original poems, outline••Description, character sketches, summary••Play scene, short book reports, newspaper articles••Essays: short formal, full formal, comparison andcontrast, personal••Definitions••Thank-you note, business letter, paragraph red indicates NEW MATERIALGrammar•• Capitalization:••Proper nouns and words formed from proper nouns:••Particular persons, places, things109••Political and economic organizations and alliances••Words referring to Deity and Holy Scripture••Words from proper nouns••Common noun or adjective when part of proper nameGrammar & Comp. cont. p. 110

EnglishGrade 9Grammar & Composition cont.Grammar cont.•• Titles of persons, titles of works••First word of every sentence••Pronoun I and interjection O••First word of every line of poetry••Punctuation:••End marks:••Period:••For declarative sentences and abbreviationshhFor indirect question and polite request••Question mark for interrogative sentences••Exclamation point for exclamatory sentences••Commas:••Before a coordinating conjunction joining two independent clauses••To indicate:••Omissions or avoid possible misreading••Nonessential elements in a sentence:••Appositive and appositive phrase••Participial phrase••Adjective and adverb clauses••Direct address••Well, yes, no, or why••Parenthetical expressions••To set off introductory phrases or clauses••In dates and addresses••After salutations and closings of letters••Semicolons:••Between independent clauses:••If not using coordinating conjunction••Joined by:••Transitional words••Coordinating conjunction if clauses already contain commas••Between items in a series if the items contain commas••Colons:••Before a list of items••To introduce a formally announced statement or quotation••Between:••Chapter and verse of Bible reference••Hour and minute of time reference••After salutation of a business letter••Italics:••For titles of books, magazines, newspapers, plays, works of art,ships, trains, aircraft, and spacecraft••For words, letters, numbers referred to as such••For foreign words or phrases••Hyphens:••To divide a word at the end of line••In compound numbers••In fractions used as adjectives••In prefixes before a proper noun or adjective••In compound adjectives before a noun••Quotation marks:••In a direct quotation110 red indicates NEW MATERIAL••To enclose:••Titles of short poems, songs, chapters, articles, and other partsof books or magazines••A quoted passage of more than one paragraph: at the beginningof each paragraph and at the end of the last paragraph••Apostrophes:••To form:••Possessive case of nouns••Individual possession within a group••Possessive case of indefinite pronouns••To show omissions from words••With s to form plurals of letters, numbers, signs, and words used aswords••Dashes:••After a series of words or phrases giving details about a statementthat follows••To indicate an abrupt change or break in a sentence••To set off parenthetical elements or confidential comments••Parentheses:••To enclose:••Parenthetical elementshhBrief confirmatory information••The sentence:••Definition of sentence••Kinds of sentences classified by purpose: declarative, imperative,interrogative, exclamatory••Recognizing subjects and verbs: complete subject, simple subject,complete predicate, simple predicate, and verb phrase••Overcoming problems locating subjects and verbs:••Finding:••Subject in an inverted sentence: interrogative sentence, sentencebeginning with there or here••Subject of an imperative sentence••Verb phrase that is interrupted by other words••Diagraming subjects and verbs••Recognizing and diagraming compound subjects and verbs••Recognizing complements••Correcting fragments and run-on sentences:••Correcting run-ons by comma and coordinating conjunctionhhCorrecting run-ons by semicolon or subordination••Sentence structure:••Defining dependent and independent clauses••Recognizing and diagraming simple, compound, complex, andcompound-complex sentences••Recognizing noun clauses used as subjects of independent clauseshhSentence improvement:hhConciseness, subordination, active voice, parallelism, clear pronounreferencehhPlacement of modifiers••Parts of speech:••Recognizing eight parts of speech••Verbs:••Recognizing action (transitive and intransitive), linking, and helpingverbs••Distinguishing verbs from verbals: participles, gerunds, and infinitives••Using principal parts of verbs••Regular verb endingsGrammar & Comp. cont. p. 111

English Grade 9Grammar & Composition cont. red indicates NEW MATERIALGrammar cont.•• Irregular verbs••Using correct principal parts••Verb tenses:••Progressive and emphatic formshhWhen to use the tenses••Using consistent verb tense••Active and passive voice••Avoid incorrect verb forms••Use troublesome verbs correctly and avoid verb usage errors••Use exact and vivid verbs••Nouns:••Recognizing nouns: compound, common, proper, and collective••Keeping agreement of subject and verb••Recognizing and diagraming nouns as predicate nominatives,direct objects, indirect objects, objects of prepositions, directaddress, and appositiveshhUsing parallelism••Using exact and vivid nouns••Pronouns:••Antecedents••Recognizing personal, interrogative, demonstrative, indefinite,compound, relative••Keeping agreement of verbs and indefinite pronoun subjects••Making pronouns agree with their antecedents in number and ingender:hhUsing expressions that agree with the object of the prepositionsuch as one of those who (which, that)••Nominative case:••For subjects, predicate nominatives••For appositives of subjects, appositives of predicate nominatives,appositives to subjects, and appositives to predicatenominatives••Objective case:••For direct objects, indirect objects, objects of prepositions••For appositives of direct objects, indirect objects, objects ofprepositions••For appositives to direct objects, indirect objects, objects ofprepositions••Possessive case••Using correct case for who, whom, whoever, and whomever andin incomplete clauses beginning with than or as••Avoid pronoun usage problems: double subject, possessive casebefore a gerund••Adjectives:••Recognizing and diagraming adjectives: participles and properadjectives and infinitives as adjectives••Distinguishing adjectives from nouns and pronouns••Recognizing and diagraming predicate adjectives••Using and diagraming:••Prepositional, participial, and infinitive phrases as adjectives••Adjective clauses••Placing and punctuating adjective modifiers••Using adjectives in comparison••Avoiding double comparison and double negatives••Using exact and vivid adjectives••Adverbs:••Recognizing and diagraming adverbs••Infinitives as adverbs••Distinguishing adverbs from adjectives••Using and diagraming:••Prepositional and infinitive phrases as adverbs••Adverb clauses••Correct placement of adverb modifiers••Distinguishing dependent clauses:hhAdvanced technique to determine dependent clauses as noun,adjective, or adverb••Using: adverbs in comparison, exact and vivid adverbs••Prepositions:••Recognizing prepositions, prepositional phrases, and objects ofprepositions••Distinguishing between prepositions and adverbs••Using prepositions correctly••Conjunctions:••Recognizing coordinating, correlative, and subordinating conjunctionshhUsing parallel structure••Interjections:••Definition••Punctuation with interjectionshhOther parts of speech used as interjectionshhDiagraming interjectionsComposition•• Manuscript form: abbreviations, numbers, titles••The library: Dewey Decimal System, Library of Congress ClassificationSystem, using the catalog and reference section••Introducing paragraphs (11):••Topic sentence••Summarizing sentence••Paragraph development by examples, incidents, and reasons••Paragraph unity••Paragraph coherence: chronological order, order of importance, transitionalexpressions, space order, pronoun reference, and repetition••Outline (3):••Topical and sentence outlines••Format of outline••Parallelism in an outline••Steps to preparing an outline••Book reports:••Preparing:••Written book reports including introduction, body, conclusion••Oral book reports: written preparation and oral presentation••SummarieshhFormal full-length essays (5):hhSteps for writinghhComparison and contrast essayhhPersonal essay111Grammar & Comp. cont. p. 112

English Grade 9Grammar & Composition cont. red indicates NEW MATERIALComposition cont.hhFormal short essays:••• Writing descriptions about persons, places, and things (7):• Steps: point of view, careful selection of details, arrangement ofdetails, use of exact nouns and verbs••The Writing Process: plan, write, rewrite, edit••Research paper:••Planning the paper: selecting subject, finding sources, writing bibliographycards, making a preliminary outline, taking notes, writingnote cards, avoiding plagiarism••Writing the paper: introduction, body••Using parenthetical citations••Rewriting the paper: check organization, introduction, conclusion,unity, coherence, and citations••Editing the paper: check each paragraph, sentence, word; capitalizationand punctuation••Preparing works cited page••Typing the paper••Documentation for research paper••Writing Letters:••Friendly: letter parts, thank-you note, bread-and-butter note••Business:••Letter parts, order letter, and request letterhhComplaint letterhhLetter to a government official••Improving writing style: correct a choppy or monotonous stylehhCorrect a stringy styleVocabulary, Spelling, Poetry Grade 9The lists of challenging words in Vocabulary, Spelling, Poetry III emphasize the application ofseveral spelling rules, the addition of specific suffixes, and the necessity of learning frequentlymisspelled words. To expand students’ vocabulary, words and definitions are taken fromThemes in Literature. The goals of poetry recitation and memorization are an enjoyment andappreciation of poetic beauty and excellence.Added Enrichment••Spelling and vocabulary:••Spelling lists (32) including review list atend of each 9 weeks:••Spelling words (560)••Vocabulary words (280)••Organized by spelling rules, suffixes andprefixes, compound words, homophones,and commonly misspelled words••Practice exercises (68)••Review games••Each vocabulary word includes:••Pronunciation, part of speech••Definition, sample sentence••Pronunciation key••Teacher resource: vocabulary masterysentences••Poetry: footnotes define and explainunfamiliar words RED indicates NEW MATERIALEvaluation•• Spelling and vocabulary quizzes:••Weekly (28)••Quarterly review (1 each 9 weeks;each counts as 2 quiz grades)••Poetry quizzes: written (8), oral (2)Spelling & Vocabulary Skills DevelopmenthhMaster spelling lists including:hhVocabulary words and definitionshhWords that follow the spelling ruleshhSound-alike suffixeshhCommonly misspelled wordshhHomonyms•••Memorize vocabulary definitions••• Use vocabulary words in proper context• Be able to identify commonly misspelled words• Apply spelling and phonics concepts through daily teacher-directedoral practice and independent written practice••Learn:••Antonyms and synonyms of vocabulary words••To distinguish between homophones••Practical spelling tips and suggestions by studying Keys to GoodSpelling••Spelling rules:••Use i before e, except after c, or when sounded like long a••Double final consonant before adding suffix beginning with vowel••Change y to i when adding suffixes••Drop the silent e before adding a suffix beginning with a vowel••Learn exceptions to the spelling rules••Creating a compound word doesn’t change the spelling of the twoparts••Adding a prefix to a word doesn’t change the word’s spellingPoetry Skills DevelopmenthhMemorize 10 lyrical poems•••••Recite in unison•••Increase vocabulary••••• Develop appreciation of poetry• Lay foundation for future literature study• Perform in front of an audience• Use appropriate expression and volume• Demonstrate comprehension of emotion and content• Develop a mental visualization of the poem• Discuss meaning and purpose of poems• Use proper observation of punctuation112

English Grades 9–10Literature Grade 9Themes in Literature reflects these eleven themes: truth and wisdom, courage, humility, justice, temperance,joy and peace, beauty, faith and hope, love, Christmas, and time and eternity. As the studentbecomes familiar with classics such as Wind in the Willows, Jane Eyre, Don Quixote, and The Adventuresof Tom Sawyer, he learns to appreciate a well-written presentation of a theme. This appreciation not onlyaids in increased enjoyment of literature but also provides the foundation needed to critically analyze it.This then can serve as a stimulus for corresponding creative essays.Literary Value••99 authors, including well-known writers suchas Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nathaniel Hawthorne,Helen Keller, William Shakespeare, andLeo Tolstoy••Prose selections (59), poems (60), and plays (5)Added Enrichment•• Footnotes define and explain unfamiliar words••Comprehension and discussion questions afterselections••Character-building quotations and verses••Introductory paragraphs for interest andbackground information••Review games red indicates NEW MATERIALEvaluation••Speed and comprehension quizzes (20)••Homework reading quizzes (13)••Tests (8), 9-weeks exam (2)••Semester exam, final examReading Skills Development•• Develop skills in reading speed and comprehension••Further develop oral reading skills••Be able to identify significant quotations and the selections in whichthey are featured••Increase vocabularyComprehension, Discussion, & AnalysisSkills Development•• Develop proper discernment according to the truths of Scripture••Answer factual, interpretive, and inferential comprehension anddiscussion questions••Improve ability to use deductive reasoning, understand cause andeffect, and draw conclusions••Build appreciation for good literature and a love of readinghhRecognize the character-building and life-enriching themes thatdivide unitsGrammar & Composition Grade 10 red indicates NEW MATERIALGrammar and Composition IV builds upon the grammar foundation established in previous yearsand introduces new concepts to further enhance the students’ knowledge of basic grammar. Inaddition, this text emphasizes explanative writing by having students write essays, an extendeddefinition, a process paper, a literary theme, critical book reviews, and a research paper.Added Enrichment•• English teaching transparencies••Review gamesEvaluation••Grammar quizzes (20)••Optional (graded at teacher discretion):••Tests (8), 9-weeks exam (2)••Paragraphs, summaries, outline••Semester exam, final exam••Short reviews, limerick, haiku••Compositions:••Comparison and contrast••Book reviews: full (2), oral (1)••Character sketch••Essay answer, paragraph (1 each)••Theme paper on Julius Caesar••Research paper and author project (1 each) red indicates NEW MATERIALGrammar•• Capitalization:••Proper nouns and words formed from proper nouns:••Particular persons, places, things:••Political and economic organizations and alliances••Words referring to Deity and Holy Scripture113Grammar & Comp. cont. p. 114

EnglishGrades 9–10Grammar & Composition cont. red indicates NEW MATERIALGrammar cont.•• Words from proper nouns••Common noun or adjective when part of proper name••Titles of persons, titles of works••First word of every sentence••Pronoun I and interjection O••First word of every line of poetry••Punctuation:••End marks:••Period for declarative sentences, abbreviations, indirect question,and polite request••Question mark for interrogative sentences••Exclamation point for exclamatory sentences••Commas:••Before a coordinating conjunction joining two independentclauses••To indicate:••Omissions or avoid possible misreading••Nonessential elements in a sentence:••Appositive and appositive phrase••Participial phrase••Adjective and adverb clauses••Direct address••Well, yes, no, or why••Parenthetical expressions••To set off introductory phrases or clauses••In dates and addresses••After salutations and closings of letters••Semicolons:••Between independent clauses:••If not using coordinating conjunction••Joined by:••Transitional words••Coordinating conjunction if clauses already contain commas••Between items in a series if the items contain commas••Colons:••Before a list of items••To introduce a formally announced statement or quotation••Between:hhIndependent clauses when second clause further explains firstone••Chapter and verse of Bible reference••Hour and minute of time reference••After salutation of a business letter••Italics:••For titles of books, magazines, newspapers, plays, works of art,ships, trains, aircraft, and spacecraft••For words, letters, numbers referred to as such••For foreign words or phrases••Hyphens:••To divide a word at the end of line••In compound numbers••In fractions used as adjectives••In prefixes before a proper noun or adjective••In compound adjectives before a noun114••Quotation marks:••In a direct quotation••To enclose titles of short poems, songs, chapters, articles, andother parts of books or magazines••To enclose a quoted passage of more than one paragraph: at thebeginning of each paragraph and at the end of the last paragraph••Apostrophes:••To form:••Possessive case of nouns••Individual possession within a group••Possessive case of indefinite pronouns••To show omissions from words••With s to form plurals of letters, numbers, signs, and words usedas words••Dashes:••After a series of words or phrases giving details about a statementthat follows••To indicate an abrupt change or break in a sentence••To set off parenthetical elements or confidential comments••Parentheses:••To enclose:••Parenthetical elements••Brief confirmatory information••The sentence:••Definition of sentence••Kinds of sentences classified by purpose: declarative, imperative,interrogative, exclamatory••Recognizing subjects and verbs: complete subject, simple subject,complete predicate, simple predicate, and verb phrase••Overcoming problems locating subjects and verbs:••Finding:••Subject in an inverted sentence: interrogative sentence, sentencebeginning with there or here••Subject of an imperative sentencehhSubject before its appositive••Verb phrase that is interrupted by other words••Diagraming subjects and verbs••Recognizing and diagraming compound subjects and verbs••Recognizing complements••Correcting fragments and run-on sentences:••Sentence structure:••Defining dependent and independent clauses••Recognizing and diagraming simple, compound, complex, andcompound-complex sentences••Recognizing noun clauses used as subjects of independentclauses••Sentence improvement:••Conciseness, subordination, active voice, parallelism, clear pronounreference••Placement of modifiershhConsistency of subject, tense, or voicehhClear and effective diction••Parts of speech:••Recognizing eight parts of speech••Verbs:••Recognizing action (transitive and intransitive), linking, andhelping verbsGrammar & Comp. cont. p. 115

English Grade 10Grammar & Composition cont.Grammar cont.• • Distinguishing verbs from verbals: participles, gerunds, andinfinitives••Using:••Principal parts of verbs••Regular verb endings, irregular verbs••Using correct principal parts••Verb tenses:••Using progressive and emphatic forms••When to use the tenseshhUsing logical verb tense sequence between clauses and betweenverbals and independent clausehhAvoiding unnecessary shifts in sentences: in subjects, verb tense,voice of verbs••Active and passive voicehhMood: indicative, imperative, and subjunctive••Avoid incorrect verb forms••Use troublesome verbs correctly and avoid verb usage errors••Use exact and vivid verbs••Nouns:••Recognizing nouns:••Compound, common, proper, and collectivehhConcrete and abstracthhSubstantives••Keeping agreement of subject and verb••Recognizing and diagraming:••Nouns as predicate nominatives, direct objects, indirect objects,objects of prepositions, direct address••Nouns as appositiveshhRecognizing and diagraming objective complements••Using:••Parallelism••Exact and vivid nouns••Pronouns:••Antecedents••Recognizing personal, interrogative, demonstrative, indefinite,compound, relative••Keeping agreement of verbs and indefinite pronoun subjects••Making pronouns agree with their antecedents in number and ingender••Nominative case:••For subjects, predicate nominatives••For appositives of subjects, appositives of predicate nominatives,appositives to subjects, and appositives to predicate nominatives••Objective case:••For direct objects, indirect objects, objects of prepositions••For appositives of direct objects, indirect objects, objects ofprepositions••For appositives to direct objects, indirect objects, objects ofprepositions••Possessive case••Using correct case for who, whom, whoever, and whomever and inincomplete clauses beginning with than or as••Avoid pronoun usage problems: double subject, possessive casebefore a gerund red indicates NEW MATERIAL••Adjectives:••Recognizing and diagraming adjectives: participles and properadjectives and infinitives as adjectives••Distinguishing adjectives from nouns and pronouns••Recognizing and diagraming predicate adjectives••Using and diagraming:••Prepositional and participial phrases as adjectives••Infinitive phrases as adjectives••Adjective clauses••Placing and punctuating adjective modifiers••Using adjectives in comparison••Avoiding double comparison and double negatives••Using exact and vivid adjectives••Adverbs:••Recognizing and diagraming adverbs••Infinitives as adverbs••Distinguishing adverbs from adjectives••Using and diagraming:••Prepositional phrases as adverbs••Infinitive phrases as adverbs••Adverb clauses••Correct placement of adverb modifiers••Distinguishing dependent clauses:••Advanced technique to determine dependent clauses as noun,adjective, or adverb••Using: adverbs in comparison, exact and vivid adverbs••Prepositions:••Recognizing prepositions, prepositional phrases, and objects ofprepositions••Distinguishing between prepositions and adverbs••Using prepositions correctly••Conjunctions:••Recognizing coordinating, correlative, and subordinating conjunctions••Using parallel structure••Interjections:••Definition••Punctuation with interjections••Other parts of speech used as interjections••Diagraming interjections••Word study:••Using the dictionary:hhKinds of dictionarieshhSelecting a dictionary••Using the dictionary••Parts of the dictionary:hhVariant spellings, pronunciation, parts of speech, inflected forms,cross reference, sample contexts, idiom, etymologies, run-onentries, usage noteshhCapitalization, restrictive labels, scientific names, illustrations,synonyms and antonymshhUsage and diction:hhLevels of usagehhUsing correct dictionhhUsing clear and effective dictionhhGlossary of diction115Grammar & Comp. cont. p. 116

English Grade 10Grammar & Composition cont.Composition•• Manuscript form: abbreviations, numbers, titles••The library: Dewey Decimal System, Library of Congress ClassificationSystem, using the catalog and reference section••Introducing paragraphs (12):••Topic sentence••Summarizing sentence••Paragraph development:••By examples, incidents, and reasonshhBy comparison and contrast and combination of methods••Paragraph unity••Paragraph coherence: chronological order, order of importance, transitionalexpressions, space order, pronoun reference, and repetition••Outline (3):••Topical and sentence outlines••Format of outline••Parallelism in an outline••Steps to preparing an outlinehhCritical book reviews:hhPreparing:hhWritten book reviews including outline, introduction, body,conclusionhhOral book reviews: written preparation and oral presentation red indicates NEW MATERIAL••Formal short essay:••Writing descriptions about persons, places, and things (6):••Steps: point of view, careful selection of details, arrangement ofdetails, use of exact nouns and verbs••Formal full-length essay:hhInformative essay••Personal essay••Summaries••The Writing Process: plan, write, rewrite, edit••Research paper:••Planning the paper: selecting subject, finding sources, writing bibliographycards, making a preliminary outline, taking notes, writing notecards, avoiding plagiarism••Writing the paper: introduction, body••Using parenthetical citations••Rewriting the paper: check organization, introduction, conclusion,unity, coherence, and citations••Editing the paper: check each paragraph, sentence, word; capitalizationand punctuation••Preparing works cited page••Typing the paper••Documentation for research paperhhAuthor project••Improving writing style: correct a choppy or monotonous stylehhExtended definitionhhWriting about a processVocabulary, Spelling, Poetry Grade 10Mastering the vocabulary and spelling words in Vocabulary, Spelling, Poetry IV will greatly help studentsin their writing, speaking, and reading comprehension. Students memorize ten poems overthe course of the year. This memory work will not only help students lay a foundation for future literaturestudies, but will also enrich their personal lives. In addition, students will learn how to solveanalogy questions and how to analyze word meanings based on their prefixes, roots, and suffixes.Added Enrichment•• Spelling and vocabulary:••Spelling words (480)••Vocabulary words (144)••Spelling lists (24):••Organized by spelling rules, suffixes,homonyms, compound words, andcommonly misspelled words••Vocabulary lists:••Organized by word origin, prefixes andsuffixes, and vivid and precise verbs••Each vocabulary word includes:••Pronunciation, etymology••Part of speech, definition••Sample sentence••Synonyms, antonyms••Related forms of the word••Practice exercises (100), including:••Pretest over vocabulary wordsand their meanings••Cumulative review of vocabularywords and definitions red indicates NEW MATERIAL••Review games••Vocabulary chart showing:••Prefixes (48), suffixes (48)••Greek and Latin roots andmeanings (100)••Guidelines for solving analogyquestions••Pronunciation key••Poetry: footnotes define andexplain unfamiliar wordsEvaluation••Spelling and vocabularyquizzes:••Weekly (20)••Quarterly review (1 each9 weeks; each counts as 2 quizgrades)••Poetry quizzes; written (8),oral (2)Spelling & Vocabulary Skills DevelopmenthhMaster spelling lists including:hhVocabulary words and definitionshhWords that follow the spelling rules116hhSound-alike suffixeshhCommonly misspelled wordshhHomonymsVoabulary, Spelling, Poetry cont. p. 117

English Grade 10Vocabulary, Spelling, Poetry cont.Spelling & Vocabulary Skills Development cont.•• Use vocabulary words in proper context••Memorize vocabulary definitions••Be able to identify commonly misspelled words••Apply spelling and phonics concepts through daily teacher-directedoral practice and independent written practice••Learn to distinguish between homophones••Learn practical spelling tips and suggestions by studying Keys toGood SpellinghhMaster 48 prefixes, 100 roots, and 48 suffixeshhLearn more than 1,000 synonyms, antonyms, and related words forvocabulary wordshhAnalyze word meanings based on their prefixes, roots, and suffixeshhDevelop ability to solve analogy questions••Learn spelling rules:••Use i before e, except after c, or when sounded like long a••Double a final consonant before adding a suffix beginning with avowel••Change y to i when adding suffixes••Drop the silent e before adding a suffix beginning with a vowel••Learn exceptions to spelling rules••Learn the principle of assimilation••Creating a compound word doesn’t change the spelling of the twoparts••Adding a prefix to a word doesn’t change the word’s spellingPoetry Skills DevelopmenthhMemorize 10 lyrical poems•••••Recite in unison•••Increase vocabulary••••• Develop appreciation of poetry• Lay foundation for future literature study• Perform in front of an audience• Use appropriate expression and volume red indicates NEW MATERIAL• Demonstrate comprehension of emotion and content• Develop a mental visualization of the poem• Discuss meaning and purpose of poems• Use proper observation of punctuationLiterature Grade 10In previous years, students read mostly for enjoyment, but now they will learn about the makeup ofliterature by studying a variety of literary terms and devices such as imagery and figurative language.While the first part of World Literature offers a background to the study of world literature, the secondpart introduces works chronologically from the time of the ancient East to the Modern Age (twentiethcentury). Students will read classics which reflect the thinking of each time period, such as DivineComedy, Moby Dick, Paradise Lost, Aesop’s Fables, and Foxe’s Book of Martyrs.Art appreciation is also an important part of the literature study in English 10. As the author uses wordsto paint visual images in our minds, the artist uses his brush to paint a story. World Literature includespaintings, sculptures, and architecture that reflect the themes of each unit.Literary Value••113 authors, including well-known writers suchas e. e. cummings, Charles Dickens, John Donne,Homer, Martin Luther, and Isaac Watts••Prose selections (49), poems (81), plays (2), andessays (10)Added Enrichment••Footnotes define and explain unfamiliar words••Comprehension and discussion questions afterselections••Character-building quotations and verses••Introductory paragraphs for interest and backgroundinformation••Review games••Author biographies••Literary terms defined and explained throughoutand in a handy glossary (121)Evaluation••Comprehension quizzes (25)••Homework reading quizzes (22)••Tests (8), 9-weeks exam (2)••Semester exam, final exam red indicates NEW MATERIALReading Skills Development•• Develop skills in reading speed and comprehension••Further develop oral reading skills••Be able to identify significant quotations and the selections in whichthey are featured••Increase vocabularyhhFurther develop writing skillshhLearn various literary forms: short story, essay, novel, narrative poetry,and descriptive poetryhhLearn meaning and use of literary terms and devices such as theme,plot, imagery, figurative language, point of view, dramatic structureand dénouement.hhStudy the development of plot, theme, setting, and character(s) inshort stories, essays, and classical works of literature117Literature cont. p. 118

English Grades 10–11Literature cont.Comprehension, Discussion, & AnalysisSkills Development•• Read entire works: Silas Marner and Julius Caesar••Study drama and learn about Elizabethan and Greek theaters••Develop proper discernment according to the truths of Scripture••Answer factual, interpretive, and inferential comprehension anddiscussion questions••Improve ability to use deductive reasoning, understand cause andeffect, and draw conclusions red indicates NEW MATERIAL••Build appreciation for good literature and a love of reading••Develop an understanding of people’s motives and feelings whilerecognizing consequences of particular actionshhLearn to analyze literature while studying selectionshhComprehend and appreciate the basic elements of a work of literaturehhLearn to appreciate the rhyme, rhythm, and figurative language ofpoetryGrammar & Composition Grade 11The abilities to express ideas creatively and to skillfully comprehend the written word are builtupon the study elements which are included in English 11. The Handbook of Grammar and Compositionand Workbook V build upon the grammar foundation established in previous years andintroduce new concepts to further enhance the students’ knowledge of basic grammar. In addition,Handbook of Grammar and Composition emphasizes writing through assignments in argumentativeessay, narrative essay, exposition of a process, literary character analysis, critical bookreviews, and a research paper. Several smaller writing assignments are also included throughoutthe text.Added Enrichment••English teaching transparenciesEvaluation••Grammar quizzes (17)••Tests (8), 9-weeks exam (2)••Semester exam, final exam••Compositions:••Character trait paragraph••Book reviews: oral (1), full (3)••Paragraph, character sketch (1 each)••Essays: argumentative, narrative (1 each)••Rhyming poem, exposition of a processresearch paper (1 each)••Optional (graded at teacher discretion):••Paragraphs, short book reviews••Character analysis, one-act play,outline, essay••Summary, descriptions, typesketch, poems••Classification, application letter,résumé red indicates NEW MATERIALGrammar•• Capitalization:••Proper nouns and words formed from proper nouns:••Particular persons, places, things••Political and economic organizations and alliances••Words referring to Deity and Holy Scripture••Words from proper nouns••Common noun or adjective when part of proper name••Titles of persons, titles of works••First word of every sentence••Pronoun I and interjection O••First word of every line of poetry••Punctuation:••End marks:••Period for declarative sentences, abbreviations, indirect question,and polite request••Question mark for interrogative sentences••Exclamation point for exclamatory sentences••Commas:••Before a coordinating conjunction joining two independentclauses••To indicate:••Omissions or avoid possible misreading••Nonessential elements in a sentence:••Appositive and appositive phrase••Participial phrase••Adjective and adverb clauses••Direct address••Well, yes, no, or why••Parenthetical expressions••To set off introductory phrases or clauses••In dates and addresses••After salutations and closings of letters••Semicolons:••Between independent clauses:••If not using coordinating conjunction118Grammar & Comp. cont. p. 119

English Grade 11Grammar & Compostion cont.Grammar cont.•• Joined by:••Transitional words••Coordinating conjunction if clauses already contain commas••Between items in a series if the items contain commas••Colons:••Before a list of items••To introduce a formally announced statement or quotation••Between:••Independent clauses when second clause further explains first one••Chapter and verse of Bible reference••Hour and minute of time reference••After salutation of a business letter••Italics:••For titles of books, magazines, newspapers, plays, works of art,ships, trains, aircraft, and spacecraft••For words, letters, numbers referred to as such••For foreign words or phrases••Hyphens:••To divide a word at the end of line••In compound numbers••In fractions used as adjectives••In prefixes before a proper noun or adjective••In compound adjectives before a noun••Quotation Marks:••In a direct quotation••To enclose:••Titles of short poems, songs, chapters, articles, and other partsof books or magazines••A quoted passage of more than one paragraph: at the beginningof each paragraph and at the end of the last paragraph••Apostrophes:••To form:••Possessive case of nouns••Individual possession within a group••Possessive case of indefinite pronouns••To show omissions from words••With s to form plurals of letters, numbers, signs, and words usedas words••Dashes:••After a series of words or phrases giving details about a statementthat follows••To indicate an abrupt change or break in a sentence••To set off parenthetical elements or confidential comments••Parentheses:••To enclose:••Parenthetical elements••Brief confirmatory informationhhBrackets:hhTo enclose editorial comments within quotationshhTo replace parentheses within parentheses red indicates NEW MATERIAL••The sentence:••Definition of sentence••Kinds of sentences classified by purpose: declarative, imperative,interrogative, exclamatory••Recognizing subjects and verbs: complete subject, simple subject,complete predicate, simple predicate, and verb phrase••Overcoming problems locating subjects and verbs:••Finding:••Subject in an inverted sentence: interrogative sentence, sentencebeginning with there or here••Subject of an imperative sentence••Subject before its appositive••Verb phrase that is interrupted by other words••Diagraming subjects and verbs••Recognizing and diagraming:••Compound subjects and verbs••Complements: direct object, indirect object, objective complement,predicate nominative, predicate adjective••Fragments and run-on sentences••Recognizing and diagraming simple, compound, complex, andcompound-complex sentences••Sentence improvement:hhUnity and coordination••Subordination:••Choosing what to subordinatehhAvoiding upside-down, illogical, and excessive subordination••Placement of modifiers:••Avoid:hhSquinting modifiers and split constructions••Dangling participial phraseshhDangling gerund and infinitive phraseshhElliptical clauses••Pronoun referencehhClear and logical construction••Parallelism••Point of view:••Avoid unnecessary shifts in:••Subject, voice, and tensehhMood, person, number, discourse, and tone••Consistency of subject, tense, or voice••Clear and effective diction••Conciseness••Parts of speech:••Recognizing eight parts of speech••Verbs:••Recognizing action (transitive and intransitive), linking, andhelping verbs••Distinguishing verbs from verbals: participles, gerunds, andinfinitives••Using principal parts of verbs••Regular verb endings119Grammar & Comp. cont. p. 120

English Grade 11Grammar & Composition cont.Grammar cont.•• Irregular verbs••Using correct principal parts••Verb tenses: progressive and emphatic forms••When to use the verb tenses••Using logical verb tense sequence between clauses andbetween verbals and independent clause••Avoiding unnecessary shifts in sentences: in subjects, verbtense, voice of verbs••Active and passive voice•••Avoid incorrect verb forms•••Nouns:••Recognizing nouns:•••Concrete and abstract••Substantives••Keeping agreement of subject and verb•• Mood: indicative, imperative, and subjunctive• Use troublesome verbs correctly and avoid verb usage errors• Compound, common, proper, and collective• Recognizing and diagraming nouns as predicate nominatives,direct objects, indirect objects, objects of prepositions,direct address, appositives, and objective complements••Using parallelism••Pronouns:••Antecedents••Recognizing personal, interrogative, demonstrative, indefinite,compound, relativehhRecognizing reflexive and intensive pronouns••Keeping agreement of verbs and indefinite pronoun subjects••Making pronouns agree with their antecedents:••In number and in genderhhIn person••Nominative case:••For subjects, predicate nominatives••For appositives of subjects, appositives of predicatenominatives••For appositives to subjects, appositives to predicatenominativeshhFor complements of the infinitive to be••Objective case:••For direct objects, indirect objects, objects of prepositions••For appositives of direct objects, indirect objects, objectsof prepositions••For appositives to direct objects, indirect objects, objectsof prepositionshhFor subjects of infinitives and complements of the infinitiveto be••Possessive case••Using correct case for who, whom, whoever, and whomeverand in incomplete clauses beginning with than or as••Avoid pronoun usage problems: double subject, possessivecase before a gerund red indicates NEW MATERIAL••Adjectives:••Recognizing and diagraming adjectives: participles andproper adjectives and infinitives as adjectives••Distinguishing adjectives from nouns and pronouns••Recognizing and diagraming predicate adjectives••Using and diagraming:••Prepositional and participial phrases as adjectives••Infinitive phrases as adjectives••Adjective clauses••Placing and punctuating adjective modifiers••Using adjectives in comparison••Avoiding double comparison and double negatives••Adverbs:••Recognizing and diagraming adverbs••Infinitives as adverbshhNouns as adverbs••Distinguishing adverbs from adjectives••Using and diagraming:••Prepositional phrases as adverbs••Infinitive phrases as adverbs••Adverb clauses••Correct placement of adverb modifiers••Distinguishing dependent clauses••Using adverbs in comparison••Prepositions:••Recognizing prepositions, prepositional phrases, andobjects of prepositions••Distinguishing between prepositions and adverbs••Using prepositions correctly••Conjunctions:••Recognizing coordinating, correlative, and subordinatingconjunctions••Using parallel structure••Interjections:••Definition••Punctuation with interjections••Other parts of speech used as interjections••Diagraming interjectionshhRecognizing and diagraming:hhNominative absolute and expletiveshhNominative absolute phrases••Word study:••Using the dictionary:••Kinds of dictionaries••Selecting a dictionary••Using the dictionary••Parts of the dictionary••Usage and diction:••Levels of usage••Using correct diction••Using clear and effective diction120Grammar & Comp. cont. p. 121

English Grade 11Grammar & Composition cont.Grammar cont.•• Appropriateness••Exactness and vividness••Figurative languagehhGobbledygook••Jargon••Triteness••Wordiness:hhSentences beginning with there, it, and this••Wordy expressions••Redundancies••Glossary of dictionComposition•• Manuscript form:••Abbreviations, numbers, titleshhAbbreviations in footnotes and parenthetical references••The Writing Process: plan, write, rewrite, edit••Introducing paragraphs (7):••Topic sentence••Summarizing sentence••Paragraph development by examples, incidents, reasons,comparison and contrast, and combination of methods••Paragraph unity••Paragraph coherence: chronological order, order of importance,transitional expressions, space order, pronoun reference, andrepetitionhhParagraph with proper emphasis••Essays:••Essay answerhhNarrative essayhhArgumentative essay••Outline:••Topical and sentence outlines••Format of outline••Parallelism in an outline••Steps to preparing an outlinehhParaphrase (8)••Summaries (8)••Writing about a process (Exposition of a Process)hhClassification paper••Extended definition••Writing descriptions about persons, places, and things:••Steps: point of view, careful selection of details, arrangementof details, use of exact nouns and verbshhCharacter sketchhhType sketch••The library: red indicates NEW MATERIAL••The catalog••The reference section:••Encyclopedias, dictionaries, special dictionaries, atlases••Handbooks of miscellaneous information, books of quotationshhBiographical aids, reference works on literaturehhOther specialized reference workshhThe Readers’ Guide to Periodical LiteraturehhInternet sources••The Dewey Decimal System••The Library of Congress Classification System••Critical book reviews: written and oral review••Writing letters:••Friendly: letter parts, thank-you note, bread-and-butternote••Business:••Letter parts, order letter, request letter, complaint letter••Letter to a government officialhhLetter of application, résumé••Research paper:••Planning the paper:••Selecting subject••Finding sources:hhEncyclopedia, periodical databaseshhEssay and General Literature Index, published bibliographies••Writing bibliography cards••Making a preliminary outline••Taking notes: writing note cards, avoiding plagiarism••Writing the paper: introduction, body••Using parenthetical citations••Rewriting the paper: check organization, introduction, conclusion,unity, coherence, and citations••Editing the paper: check each paragraph, sentence, word;capitalization and punctuation••Typing the paper:••General information••Formatting pages: title page, pledge page, outline page,first page, and succeeding pages••Inserting footnotes or endnoteshhAdditional guidelines:hhAbbreviations in citation entrieshhEllipsis marks in quotationshhBlock quotations••Documentation for research paper:••Parenthetical citationshhEndnotes and footnoteshhTyping instructions121

English Grade 11Vocabulary, Spelling, Poetry Grade 11Mastering the vocabulary and spelling words in Vocabulary, Spelling, Poetry V will greatlyhelp students in their writing, speaking, and reading comprehension. Students will memorizenine poems throughout the year. The benefits of reciting and memorizing poetry arelearning an appreciation of poetic excellence, enriching, their personal lives, and laying afoundation for future literature studies. Students will also further develop their ability toanalyze words by studying prefixes, suffixes, and roots.Added Enrichment••Spelling and vocabulary:••Spelling lists (24):••Spelling words (360)••Vocabulary words (144)••Organized by spelling rules, suffixes,homonyms, compound words,and commonly misspelled words••Vocabulary lists:••Synonyms, antonyms••Related forms of the word••Practice exercises (100), including:••Pretest over vocabulary words and theirmeanings••Cumulative review of vocabularywords and definitions••Review gamesEvaluation••Spelling and vocabulary quizzes:••Weekly (20)••Quarterly review (1 each 9 weeks;each counts as 2 quiz grades)••Poetry quizzes: written (7), oral (2)••Organized by word origin, prefixes ••Vocabulary chart showing:and suffixes, and vivid and precise ••Prefixes (48), suffixes (48)verbs••Greek and Latin roots and meanings (100)••Each vocabulary word includes: ••Guidelines for solving analogy questions••Pronunciation, etymology••Pronunciation key••Part of speech, definition••Index includes vocabulary words; prefixes,••Sample sentenceroots, suffixes; synonyms, antonyms red indicates NEW MATERIALSpelling & Vocabulary Skills DevelopmenthhMaster spelling lists including:hhVocabulary words and definitionshhWords that follow the spelling ruleshhSound-alike suffixeshhCommonly misspelled wordshhHomonyms•••Memorize vocabulary definitions••• Use vocabulary words in proper context• Be able to identify commonly misspelled words• Apply spelling and phonics concepts through daily teacherdirectedoral practice and independent written practice••Learn to distinguish between homophones••Learn practical spelling tips and suggestions from Keys toGood Spelling••Master 48 prefixes, 100 roots, and 48 suffixesPoetry Skills DevelopmenthhMemorize 9 lyrical poems•••••recite in unison•••Increase vocabulary••••• Develop appreciation of poetry• Lay foundation for future literature study• Perform in front of an audience• Use appropriate expression and volume• Demonstrate comprehension of emotion and content• Develop a mental visualization of the poem• Discuss meaning and purpose of poems• Use proper observation of punctuation122

English Grade 11Literature Grade 11American Literature presents a variety of selections that reflect the faith, doubts, longings,accomplishments, and emotions of the American people. Students will further develop their skillsin analyzing literature as they study several genres and time periods of American literature. Inaddition, students will learn about significant American authors and their influential works whilereading classics such as Moby Dick, Ben Hur, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, The Innocents Abroad, and TheSong of Hiawatha. Since art appreciation is an important part of the literature study in English 11,American Literature includes paintings that reflect the themes and time periods of each unit.Literary Value••105 authors, including works by wellknownwriters such as WashingtonIrving, Will Rogers, Mark Twain, PhyllisWheatley, and Walt Whitman••Prose selections (45), poems (175),plays (2), essays (25)Added Enrichment••Footnotes to define and explainunfamiliar words••Comprehension and discussionquestions after selections••Character-building quotationsand verses••Introductory paragraphs forinterest and background info••Author biographies••Literary terms defined andexplained throughout••Glossaries of literary terms andvocabulary-building words••Unit reviewsEvaluation••Comprehension quizzes (18)••Homework reading quizzes (35)••Tests (8), 9-weeks exam (2)••Semester exam, final exam red indicates NEW MATERIALReading Skills Development•• Develop skills in reading speed and comprehension••Further develop oral reading skills••Be able to identify significant quotations and the selections inwhich they are featured••Increase vocabulary••Further develop writing skills••Study various literary forms: short story, essay, novel, narrativepoetry, and descriptive poetry••Study meaning and use of literary terms and devices such astheme, plot, imagery, figurative language, aphorism, characteranalysis, conceit, dialect, epitaph, local color, pun, realism, rhetoricaldevices, and understatement••Study the development of plot, theme, setting, and character(s) inshort stories, essays, and classical works of literaturehhStudy historical backgrounds and writing techniques to betterunderstand American literary periodsComprehension, Discussion, & AnalysisSkills Development•• Read entire novel: The Scarlet Letter••Develop proper discernment according to the truths of Scripture••Answer factual, interpretive, and inferential comprehension anddiscussion questions••Improve ability to use deductive reasoning, understand cause andeffect, and draw conclusions••Build appreciation for good literature and a love of reading••Develop an understanding of people’s motives and feelings whilerecognizing consequences of particular actions••Learn to analyze literature while studying selections••Comprehend and appreciate the basic elements of a work ofliterature••Learn to appreciate the rhyme, rhythm, and figurative language ofpoetryhhDevelop a greater understanding and appreciation for Americanculture and heritage123

EnglishGrammar & Composition Grade 12Grade 12English 12 is designed to incorporate a program of English literature, composition, grammar, vocabulary,and outside reading into a senior-level English class. The study of grammar is not stressed in thesenior year as much as in earlier years because of the extensive background that students should havegained from previous study; however, grammar is still taught briefly each day. Grammar instructionincludes correcting homework exercises from Workbook VI for Handbook of Grammar and Compositionand briefly presenting new material from Handbook of Grammar and Composition.Added Enrichment••English teaching transparenciesEvaluation••Grammar quizzes (17)••Tests (8), mid-semester tests (2)••Semester exam, final exam••Compositions:••Essays (5)••Argumentative essay••Oral book reviews (2)••Vocation project••Optional (graded at teacher discretion):••Paragraphs, book reviews••Character sketch, original poem••Extemporaneous compositions, résumé••Extemporaneous description••Descriptions, narrative, extended definition red indicates NEW MATERIALGrammar•• Capitalization:••Proper nouns and words formed from proper nouns:••Particular persons, places, things:••Political and economic organizations and alliances••Words referring to Deity and Holy Scripture••Words from proper nouns••Common noun or adjective when part of proper name••Titles of persons, titles of works••First word of every sentence••Pronoun I and interjection O••First word of every line of poetry••Punctuation:••End marks:••Period for declarative sentences, abbreviations, indirectquestion, and polite request••Question mark for interrogative sentences••Exclamation point for exclamatory sentences••Commas:••Before a coordinating conjunction joining two independentclauses••To indicate:••Omissions or avoid possible misreading••Nonessential elements in a sentence:••Appositive and appositive phrase••Participial phrase••Adjective and adverb clauses••Direct address••Well, yes, no, or why••Parenthetical expressions••To set off introductory phrases or clauses••In dates and addresses••After salutations and closings of letters••Semicolons:••Between independent clauses:••If not using coordinating conjunction••Joined by transitional words••Joined by coordinating conjunction if clauses alreadycontain commas••Between items in a series if the items contain commas••Colons:••Before a list of items••To introduce a formally announced statement or quotation••Between:••Independent clauses when second clause further explainsfirst one••Chapter and verse of Bible reference••Hour and minute of time reference••After salutation of a business letter••Italics:••For titles of books, magazines, newspapers, plays, works ofart, ships, trains, aircraft, and spacecraft••For words, letters, numbers referred to as such••For foreign words or phrases••Hyphens:••To divide a word at the end of line••In compound numbers••In fractions used as adjectives••In prefixes before a proper noun or adjective••In compound adjectives before a noun••Quotation Marks:••In a direct quotation••To enclose:••Titles of short poems, songs, chapters, articles, and other partsof books or magazines••A quoted passage of more than one paragraph: at thebeginning of each paragraph and at the end of the lastparagraph••Apostrophes:••To form:••Possessive case of nouns••Individual possession within a group••Possessive case of indefinite pronouns124Grammar & Comp. cont. p. 125

English Grade 12Grammar & Composition cont.Grammar cont.•• To show omissions from words••With s to form plurals of letters, numbers, signs, and wordsused as words••Dashes:••After a series of words or phrases giving details about astatement that follows••To indicate an abrupt change or break in a sentence••To set off parenthetical elements or confidential comments••Parentheses:••To enclose:••Parenthetical elements••Brief confirmatory information••Brackets:••To enclose editorial comments within quotations••To replace parentheses within parentheses••The sentence:••Definition of sentence••Kinds of sentences classified by purpose: declarative, imperative,interrogative, exclamatory••Recognizing subjects and verbs: complete subject, simple subject,complete predicate, simple predicate, and verb phrase••Overcoming problems locating subjects and verbs:••Finding:••Subject in an inverted sentence: interrogative sentence,sentence beginning with there or here••Subject of an imperative sentence••Subject before its appositive••Verb phrase that is interrupted by other words••Diagraming subjects and verbs••Recognizing and diagraming compound subjects and verbs••Recognizing and diagraming complements: direct object,indirect object, objective complement, predicate nominative,predicate adjective••Fragments and run-on sentences••Recognizing and diagraming simple, compound, complex,and compound-complex sentences••Sentence improvement:••Unity and coordination••Subordination:••Choosing what to subordinate••Avoiding upside-down, illogical, and excessive subordination••Placement of modifiers:••Avoid:••Squinting modifiers and split constructions••Dangling participial phrases••Dangling gerund and infinitive phrases••Elliptical clauses••Pronoun reference••Clear and logical construction••Parallelism red indicates NEW MATERIAL••Point of view:••Avoid unnecessary shifts in:••Subject, voice, and tense••Mood, person, number, discourse, and tone••Consistency of subject, tense, or voice••Clear and effective diction••Conciseness••Parts of speech:••Recognizing eight parts of speech••Verbs:••Recognizing action (transitive and intransitive), linking, andhelping verbs••Distinguishing verbs from verbals: participles, gerunds, andinfinitives••Using principal parts of verbs••Regular verb endings••Irregular verbs••Using correct principal parts••Verb tenses: progressive and emphatic forms••When to use the verb tenses••Using logical verb tense sequence between clauses andbetween verbals and independent clause••Avoiding unnecessary shifts in sentences: in subjects, verbtense, voice of verbs••Active and passive voice••Mood: indicative, imperative, and subjunctive••Avoid incorrect verb forms••Use troublesome verbs correctly and avoid verb usageerrors••Nouns:••Recognizing nouns:••Compound, common, proper, and collective••Concrete and abstract••Substantives••Keeping agreement of subject and verb••Recognizing and diagraming nouns as predicate nominatives,direct objects, indirect objects, objects of prepositions,direct address, appositives, and objective complements••Using parallelism••Pronouns:••Antecedents••Recognizing personal, interrogative, demonstrative, indefinite,compound, relative••Recognizing reflexive and intensive pronouns••Keeping agreement of verbs and indefinite pronoun subjects••Making pronouns agree with their antecedents:••In number and in gender••In person••Nominative case:••For subjects, predicate nominatives, appositives of subjects,appositives of predicate nominatives, appositives tosubjects, and appositives to predicate nominatives••For complements of the infinitive to be125Grammar & Comp. cont. p. 126

English Grade 12Grammar & Composition cont.Grammar cont.•• Objective case:••For direct objects, indirect objects, objects of prepositionsand for appositives of direct objects, indirect objects,objects of prepositions and for appositives to directobjects, indirect objects, and objects of prepositions••For subjects of infinitives and complements of the infinitiveto be••Possessive case:••Using correct case for who, whom, whoever, and whomeverand in incomplete clauses beginning with than or as••Avoid pronoun usage problems: double subject, possessivecase before a gerund••Adjectives:••Recognizing and diagraming adjectives: Participles andproper adjectives and infinitives as adjectives••Distinguishing adjectives from nouns and pronouns••Recognizing and diagraming predicate adjectives••Using and diagraming:••Prepositional and participial phrases as adjectives••Infinitive phrases as adjectives••Adjective clauses••Placing and punctuating adjective modifiers••Using adjectives in comparison••Avoiding double comparison and double negatives••Adverbs:••Recognizing and diagraming adverbs••Infinitives as adverbs••Nouns as adverbs••Distinguishing adverbs from adjectives••Using and diagraming:••Prepositional phrases as adverbs••Infinitive phrases as adverbs••Adverb clauses••Correct placement of adverb modifiers••Distinguishing dependent clauses••Using adverbs in comparison••Prepositions:••Recognizing prepositions, prepositional phrases, andobjects of prepositions••Distinguishing between prepositions and adverbs••Using prepositions correctly••Conjunctions:••Recognizing coordinating, correlative, and subordinatingconjunctions••Using parallel structure••Interjections:••Definition••Punctuation with interjections••Other parts of speech used as interjections••Diagraming interjections••Recognizing and diagraming:••Nominative absolute and expletives••Nominative absolute phrases red indicates NEW MATERIAL••Word study:••Using the dictionary:••Kinds of dictionaries••Selecting a dictionary••Using the dictionary••Parts of the dictionary••Usage and diction:••Levels of usage••Using correct diction••Using clear and effective diction••Appropriateness••Exactness and vividness••Figurative language••Gobbledygook••Jargon••Triteness••Wordiness:••Sentences beginning with there, it, and this••Wordy expressions••Redundancies••Glossary of dictionComposition•• Manuscript form:••Abbreviations, numbers, titles••Abbreviations in footnotes and parenthetical references••The Writing Process: plan, write, rewrite, edit••Introducing paragraphs:••Topic sentence••Summarizing sentence••Paragraph development by examples, incidents, reasons,comparison and contrast, and combination of methods••Paragraph unity••Paragraph coherence: chronological order, order of importance,transitional expressions, space order, pronoun reference,and repetition••Paragraph with proper emphasis••Essays (6):••Essay answer••Narrative and argumentative essays••Outline:••Topical and sentence outlines••Format of outline••Parallelism in an outline••Steps to preparing an outline••Paraphrase••Summaries (Précis)••Writing about a process (Exposition of a Process)••Classification paper••Extended definition••Writing descriptions about persons, places, and things (6):••Steps: point of view, careful selection of details, arrangementof details, use of exact nouns and verbs••Character sketch••Type sketch126Grammar & Comp. cont. p. 127

English Grade 12Grammar & Composition cont.Composition cont.•• The library:••The catalog••The reference section:••Encyclopedias, dictionaries, special dictionaries, atlases, handbooksof miscellaneous information, books of quotations••Biographical aids, reference works on literature, other specializedreference works, the Readers’ Guide to PeriodicalLiterature, and Internet sources••The Dewey Decimal System••The Library of Congress Classification System••Critical book reviews: written and oral review••Writing letters:••Friendly: letter parts, thank-you note, bread-and-butter note••Business:••Letter parts, order letter, request letter, complaint letter,and letter to a government official••Letter of application, résumé••Research paper:••Planning the paper:••Selecting subject••Finding sources: encyclopedia, periodical databases, Essayand General Literature Index, published bibliographies red indicates NEW MATERIAL••Writing bibliography cards••Making a preliminary outline••Taking notes: writing note cards, avoiding plagiarism••Writing the paper: introduction, body••Using parenthetical citations••Rewriting the paper: check organization, introduction, conclusion,unity, coherence, and citations••Editing the paper: check each paragraph, sentence, word;capitali zation and punctuation••Typing the paper:••General information••Formatting pages: title page, pledge page, outline page,first page, and succeeding pages••Inserting footnotes or endnotes••Additional guidelines:••Abbreviations in citation entries••Ellipsis marks in quotations••Block quotations••Documentation for research paper:••Parenthetical citations••Endnotes and footnoteshhVocation project: writing a questionnaire cover letter andconducting an interview••Typing instructionsVocabulary Grade 12Knowing and using a selection of choice vocabulary words gives high school students an advantage,whether it is in a job interview, on a college entrance exam, or simply in meeting today’s expectationsfor expression and communication. Mastering the vocabulary words in Vocabulary VI will helpstudents in their writing, speaking, and reading comprehension. Many of the words are taken fromEnglish Literature. Students will also study the antonyms and synonyms included with the definitions,and learn prefixes, suffixes, and root words, expanding their vocabulary even further.Added Enrichment••Vocabulary lists (12):••Total words and definitions (144)••Organized by word origin or byroots, prefixes, and suffixes••Practice exercises (100) including:••Pretest over vocabulary words andtheir meanings••Cumulative review of vocabularywords and definitions••Each vocabulary word includes:••Pronunciation, etymology, part ofspeech••Definition, sample sentence••Synonyms, antonyms••Related forms of the word••Pronunciation key••Vocabulary chart showing:••Prefixes (48), suffixes (48)••Greek and Latin roots andmeanings (100)••Guidelines for solving analogyquestions••Index includes vocabulary words;prefixes, roots, suffixes; synonymsantonymsEvaluation••Weekly quizzes (8)••Quarterly review (1 each 9 weeks;each counts as 2 quiz grades) red indicates NEW MATERIALSkills DevelopmenthhMaster vocabulary lists••••• Use vocabulary words in sentences and in proper context• Memorize vocabulary definitions• Master 48 prefixes, 100 roots, and 48 suffixes• Learn more than 1,000 synonyms, antonyms, and related words forvocabulary words127••Analyze word meanings based on their prefixes, roots, and suffixes••Develop ability to solve analogy questions••Apply spelling and phonics concepts through teacher-directed oralpractice and independent written practicehhLearn about the origin of certain words and expressions

English Grade 12Literature Grade 12English Literature presents a chronological study of English literature from the Anglo-Saxon periodto the Modern Age (twentieth century). Classics such as Beowulf, The Importance of Being Earnest,Pride and Prejudice, Paradise Lost, Robinson Crusoe, David Copperfield, and The Canterbury Taleswere chosen not only for their literary value but also for their character development. Students willlearn about a variety of literary genres and will further analyze literature through in-depth studies ofa tragedy, an allegory, and a novel. In order to help students visualize the works and time periodsthey are studying, English Literature contains a variety of illustrations and photographs of Englishpeople, places, and art.Literary Value••105 authors, including well-knownwriters such as Elizabeth BarrettBrowning, Geoffrey Chaucer, DanielDefoe, Charles Wesley, and OscarWilde••Prose selections (24), poems (221),plays (4), essays (13), devotionalworks (7), and sermon (1)Added Enrichment••Footnotes define and explainunfamiliar words••Comprehension and discussionquestions after selections••Character-building quotations andverses••Introductory paragraphs for interestand background information••Author biographies and literaryterms••Glossaries of literary terms andvocabulary-building words••Unit reviews••Introduction to each literary perioddescribing literary characteristics ofthat age••Important quotations and lines ofpoetry highlighted••Time line of English literaturethrough the centuries red indicates NEW MATERIALEvaluation••Comprehension quizzes (22)••Homework reading quizzes (29)••Tests (8), 9-weeks exam (2)••Semester exam, final examReading Skills Development•• Develop skills in reading comprehension••Further develop oral reading skills••Be able to identify significant quotations and the selections in whichthey are featured••Increase vocabulary••Further develop writing skillshhStudy various literary forms: lyric and epic poetry, drama, allegory,Romantic and Victorian poetry, and modern fiction••Study meaning and use of literary terms and devices such as theme,plot, imagery, figurative language, analogy, aside, caesura, carol,comic relief, exemplum, idyll, kenning, madrigal, metonymy, ode,rondeau, scop, currealism, and terza rima••Study historical backgrounds and writing techniques to better understandeach literary periodhhStudy the development of plot, theme, setting, and character(s) inshort stories, essays, and other notable works of English literatureComprehension, Discussion, & AnalysisSkills Development•• Read entire works: The Pilgrim’s Progress and Macbeth••Develop proper discernment according to the truths of Scripture••Answer factual, interpretive, and inferential comprehension and discussionquestions••Improve ability to use deductive reasoning, understand cause andeffect, and draw conclusions••Build appreciation for good literature and a love of reading••Develop an understanding of people’s motives and feelings whilerecognizing consequences of particular actions••Learn to analyze literature while studying selections••Comprehend and appreciate the basic elements of a work of literature••Learn to appreciate the rhyme, rhythm, and figurative language ofpoetry128

MathematicsBasic Mathematics Grade 7Basic Mathematics is the capstone of arithmetic studies. Students must solidify their skillsin arithmetic and be confident, competent operational problem solvers before moving on toalgebra.Basic Mathematics builds on the foundation set in grades 1–6 by the incremental review andpractice of whole numbers, fractions, decimals, ratios, percents, and measurements. Studentscontinue to practice their arithmetic skills by applying them to finances and mathematics indaily life. Units on statistics, algebra, plane and solid geometry introduce students to highermathematics.Word problems and the Problem Solving Strategies feature ensure that students can applytheir mathematical skills to everyday situations, and it encourages them to connect varyingtypes of mathematical knowledge. Skills development exercises and abundant practiceproblems help students to work quickly and accurately.Grade 7Evaluation••Quizzes (34)••Skills developmentexercises (54)••Tests (8)••9-weeks exam (2)••Semester exam••Final exam red indicates NEW MATERIALNumbers••Place value:••Whole numbers to the 100 billions’ place••Decimals to the millionths’ place••Writing numbers up to 100 billions••Terms: notation, numeration, prime numbers, composite numbers••Reading numbers••Rounding: whole numbers, money, decimals••Roman numerals:••Value of I, V, X, L, C, D, M••Rules for forming Roman numerals••Prime numbers••Eratosthenes sievehhPrime pair, reciprocal••Composite numbershhNumber line••• Signed numbers:• Reading and writing, zero as a reference pointhhAbsolute value, comparing, adding, subtracting, multiplying,dividing••Using number senseAddition••Terms: addend, sum••Whole numbers, fractions, decimals, compound measureshhSigned numbers with and without a number line••Checking by addition and by casting out 9s••Mental arithmetic••Timed mastery••Arithmetic progression••Word problemshhPrinciple: distributive••AxiomSubtraction••Terms: minuend, subtrahend, difference••Whole numbers, fractions, decimals, compound measureshhSigned numbers••Checking by addition••Mental arithmetic••Timed mastery••Word problems••AxiomMultiplication••Terms: factors, partial product, product••Whole numbers, fractions, decimals, compound measures,by powers of tenhhSigned numbers••Checking by reversing factors and by casting out 9s••Recognize symbol: · (raised dot)••Mental arithmetic••Timed mastery••Word problems••Factors:••Finding common and greatest common factor••Prime factors••Prime factoring:••Division by primes••Factoring tree••Least common multiplehhFactorial••AxiomDivision••Terms: dividend, divisor, quotient, remainder••Estimating quotients••Whole numbers, fractions, decimalshhCompound measures••By powers of tenhhSigned numbers••Checking by multiplying and by casting out 9s••Divisibility rules••Divisors: 4 digitshhDivision with end zeros••Mental arithmetic••Timed mastery••Word problems••Axiom129Basic Mathematics cont. p. 130

MathematicsBasic Mathematics cont.Fractions••Terms: numerator, denominator••Equivalent fractions••Reducing••Types:••Proper, improper, mixedhhComplex••Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division••Timed mastery••Word problemshhSimplifying complex fractions•• Changing fractions to decimals and decimals to fractionsDecimals••Place value to the millionths’ place••Mixed••Reading and writing••Comparing••Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division••Timed mastery••Word problems••Rounding••Money••Multiplying and dividing by powers of ten••Changing fractions to decimals••Terminating, repeating••Nonterminating and nonrepeating••Converting repeating decimals to fractionsRatios••Terms: antecedent, consequent••Reading and writing••Equivalents••Word problemsProportions•• Terms: means, extremes••Reading and writing••Finding missing terms••Word problemsPercents••Recognize symbol: % (percent)••Reading and writing:••Percent as a fraction, decimal••Decimals as a percent••Fractions as a percent••Subtracting from 100%••Percents over 100% and under 1%••Percents ending in fractions••Word Problems••Finding:••Percentage of a whole number, money••Percents when given percentage and base••Percent of increase and decrease130 red indicates NEW MATERIAL••The base when given percentage and percent••DiscountshhCommission, rate of commission, amount of sales••Percent given as more or less thanMeasures•• Metric prefixes••Length:••English: inch, foot, yard, mile••Metric: millimeter, centimeter, decimeter, meter, decameter,hectometer, kilometerhhBiblical: cubit, span, finger, fathom••Capacity:••English: teaspoon, tablespoon, fluid ounce, cup, pint, quart, gallon,peck, bushel••Metric: milliliter, centiliter, deciliter, liter, decaliter, hectoliter, kiloliterhhBiblical: log, hin, bath, ephah, homer, cor••Time: second, minute, hour, day, week, month, year, leap year,decade, score, century, millennium••Weight:••English: ounce, pound, ton••Metric: milligram, centigram, decigram, gram, decagram, hectogram,kilogramhhBiblical: shekel, dram, menah, gerah, talent, mince, litrahhMetric-English approximate relationships••Converting measures within the same systemhhConverting measures between English and metric systems••Compound measures:••Adding, subtracting, multiplyinghhDividing••Square measures:••English: square inches, square feet, square yards, acres, square miles••Metric: square centimeters, square meters, hectares, squarekilometers••Timed masteryMoney & FinanceshhBiblical: shekel, mite, dram, pence, farthing, talent, gerah••Banking: checking and savings account••Budgeting•• Borrowing moneyhhInsurance: life, health, homeowners, automobilehhTaxes: income, saleshhIncome: salary, commission, piecework, tip••Purchasing electricity and natural gasGraphing, Statistics, & Probability•• Graphs:••Bar, pictograph, line, circle, rectanglehhHistogramhhStatistics: range, mean, median, mode••Finding probability••Scale drawing: finding distance on mapsGrade 7Basic Mathematics cont. p. 131

MathematicsBasic Mathematics cont.Pre-Algebra••Algebraic expressions:hhTerms, reading and writing••Operational order, equations••One- and two-step equations: addition, subtraction, multiplication,and division axiomshhUsing algebra to solve word problems••Terms:hhVariable••Base, exponent, roothhMonomial, binomial, trinomial, polynomialhhFormulas expressed on tables and graphshhSigned numbershhComparing, adding, subtracting, multiplying, dividinghhAbsolute value••Square roots:••Radical sign, perfect squarehhExtracting the square root••Evaluating algebraic expressionshhDistributive principlehhCombining like termshhSolving equations after simplifyinghhEliminating fractions in equationsMathematical Geography•• Time:••Table of time: second, minute, hour, day, week, month, year, leapyear, decade, score, century, millennium••Prime Meridian, International Date LinehhTime zone conversions••Daylight Savings Time••Longitude and latitude, degrees••Temperature:••Thermometer, degreeshhClimate zones: torrid, temperate, frigid••Converting Celsius to Fahrenheit and Fahrenheit to CelsiushhTemperature and altitude: finding the drop in temperatureGeometry•• Plane Geometry:••Symbols and definitions:••Point, line segment, congruent, line, ray, angle, vertex••Right angle, intersecting lines, perpendicular lines, parallel lines,plane••Geometric plane shapes:••Simple closed shape, similar shapes, congruent shapes••Polygon, triangle, quadrilateral, parallelogram, rectangle, square••Rhombus, trapezoid, pentagon, hexagon, heptagon, octagon••Perimeter of rectangle, parallelogram, square, triangle••Area:••Of rectangle, square, parallelogram, trianglehhOf trapezoid••Angles:••Right, acute, obtuse, straight, in a circle••Measuring, constructing, and bisecting angles red indicates NEW MATERIAL••Triangles: right, isosceles, equilateral, sum of angles••Using a compass and protractor••Constructions:••Angles, bisecting angleshhPerpendicular lineshhUsing algebra in geometric problems••Circle:••Center, radius, diameter, arc, semicircle, angle, vertex, degree••Circumference using diameter and radius formulas••AreahhSolid geometry:hhSolid figures: rectangular solid, cube, triangular prism, square pyramid,cylinder, cone, spherehhFormulas for finding surface area of rectangular solid, cube, squarepyramid, cylinderhhFormulas for finding volume of rectangular solid, cube, square pyramid,cylinder, coneTrigonometryhhTerms: hypotenuse, legs, sine, cosine, tangenthhPythagorean rule: finding length of hypotenuse and legshhFinding the sine, cosine, and tangent using the formula and trigonometricratios chartProblem Solving & Applications•Grade 7• Word problems:••Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, fractions, decimals••Money, averages, proportions, percents, measures, time, graphshhEquations, trigonometry••Mixed operations••One- to four-step problemshhChoosing the better methodhhSimplifying the problemhhReading a charthhUsing algebra and formulas••Writing and solving a ratio••Applications••13 Multi-step Problem Solving Strategies:••Percent:••DiscounthhCommission••Simple interest, profit, and loss••MeasureshhAdjusting recipes••Banking: checking and savings accounts, budgeting, borrowingmoney, installment buyinghhInsurance: life, health, homeowners, automobilehhTaxes: income, saleshhIncome: salary, commission, piecework, tiphhComparative shopping: unit pricing••Purchasing electricity: current, kilowatt, reading electric meter••Purchasing natural gas: cubic feet, reading gas meter••Scale drawings: maps••Time: time zoneshhGeometry131

MathematicsPre-Algebra Grade 8Pre-Algebra completes the span of study between elementary arithmetic and the moreadvanced study of mathematics at the high school level. It not only provides mathemati caltools for daily practical use, such as banking, graphs, statistics, and measurements, but is anexcellent introduction to algebra, geometry, and trigonometry. Many links from arithmeticto algebra are highlighted throughout the book.Frequent word problems and the Problem Solving Strategies feature ensure that studentscan apply their mathematical skills to real-life situations. The problems and strategies alsoencourage them to connect varying types of mathematical knowledge.Grade 8Evaluation••Written quizzes (34)••Skills developmentexcercises (57)••Tests (8)••9-weeks exam (2)••Semester exam••Final exam red indicates NEW MATERIALNumbers••Place value••Terms: notation, numeration, whole numbers, prime, composite,natural (counting) numbers, integers, rational and irrationalnumbers••Order of operations••Rounding: whole numbers, decimals••Roman numerals:••Value of I, V, X, L, C, D, M••Rules for forming Roman numerals••Number sentences:hhGreater than and less than••Order of operations (with and without parenthesis)••Signed numbershhScientific notationAddition•• Terms: addend, sum••Whole numbers, fractions, decimals, compound measures,signed numbers with and without a number linehhPrinciples:hhCommutative, associative, identity••Distributive••Timed mastery••Mental arithmetic••Word problemsSubtraction•• Terms: minuend, subtrahend, difference••Whole numbers, fractions, decimals, compound measures,signed numbers with and without a number line••Timed mastery••Mental arithmetic••Word problemsMultiplication•• Terms: factors, product••Recognize symbols: x (multiplication sign); · (raised dot)••Whole numbers, fractions, decimals, by powers of ten, compoundmeasures, signed numbers including two or more factorshhPrinciples:hhCommutative, associative, identity••Distributive••Factors:••Common and greatest common factor••Prime factoring: division by primes••Common and least common multiple••Timed mastery••Mental arithmetic••Word problemsDivision•• Terms: dividend, divisor, quotient••Steps of division••Whole numbers, fractions, decimals, by powers of ten, compoundmeasures, signed numbers••Timed mastery••Mental arithmetic••Word problemsFractions•• Terms: numerator, denominator••Types: mixed number, proper, improper, complex••Equivalent••Reducing••Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division••Simplifying complex fractions••Changing fractions to decimals and decimals to fractions••Word problemsDecimals•• Reading and writing••Place value to the ten millionths’ place••Types: mixed, terminating, repeating, nonterminating, nonrepeating••Comparing, rounding••Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division••Changing decimals to fractions, fractions to decimalshhScientific notation••Timed mastery••Word problems132Pre-Algebra cont. p. 133

MathematicsPre-Algebra cont.Ratios & Proportions•• Ratios:••Terms: antecedent, consequent••Reading and writing••Reducing and equivalents••Word problems••Proportions:••Terms: means, extremes••Finding missing terms by cross multiplication••Word problemsPercents•• Recognize symbol: % (percent)••Writing decimals as percents••Percents less than 1% and more than 100%••Percent given as more or less than••Finding:••The percentage, percent, and base using decimal methodshhThe percentage, percent, and base using ratio methods••Percent of increase and decrease••Discount, rate of discount, sale price, commission, rate of commissionhhPercent of profit and loss based on cost and on selling priceMeasures•• Linear:••English: inch, foot, yard, mile••Metric: millimeter, centimeter, decimeter, meter, decameter,hectometer, kilometer••Biblical: reed, cubit, span, finger••Capacity:••English: teaspoon, tablespoon, fluid ounce, cup, pint, quart,gallon, peck, bushel••Metric: milliliter, centiliter, deciliter, liter, decaliter, hectoliter,kiloliter••Biblical: homer, ephah, cor, bath, hin, log••Weight:••English: ounce, pound, ton••Metric: milligram, centigram, decigram, gram, decagram, hectogram,kilogram••Biblical: talent, menah, shekel, dram••Time:••Second, minute, hour, day, week, month, year, leap year,decade, century, millennium••Time zoneshhSpeed: formula to compute speed, distance, and time••Money:••Biblical: talent of pure gold, talent, menah, shekel, pence,farthing, mite••Square measures:••English: square inches, square feet, square yards, square miles,acres••Metric: square centimeters, square meters, hectares, squarekilometershhCubic measures:hhEnglish: cubic inches, cubic feet, cubic yardshhMetric: cubic centimeters, cubic meters red indicates NEW MATERIAL••Temperature:••Degree••Fahrenheit and Celsius: freezing and boiling points of water andnormal body temperature••Converting Celsius to Fahrenheit and Fahrenheit to Celsius••Temperature zones••Compound measures: adding, subtraction, multiplying, dividing••Converting measures within the same system and from metric toEnglish and English to metric••Metric-English approximate equivalentsAlgebra••Terms:••VariableshhNumerical and literal coefficients••Terms, polynomial, monomial, binomial, trinomial, base, exponenthhSurd••Like and unlike terms••Reading and writing algebraic expressions••Adding and subtracting like terms••Order of operations••Evaluating algebraic expressionshhMultiplying monomials, polynomials by monomials,polynomials by polynomialshhDividing monomials, polynomials by monomials••Equations:••Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division axioms••Eliminating fractionshhEliminating decimalshhUsing algebra to solve word problems••Formulas expressed by tables and graphs••Signed numbers:••Zero used as reference point••Signs of operation and direction••Absolute value••Comparing, adding and subtracting with and without the numberline, multiplying, and dividing••Evaluating algebraic expressions with signed numbers••Combining like terms with signed numbers••Square root:••Terms: radical sign, radicand, index, principal square root, perfectsquare••Extracting the square roothhSimplifying irrationals••Word problemsGraphing, Statistics, Probability•• Terms: data, statistics, rank, range, graph••Graphs:••Pictograph, bar, line, circle, rectangle, histogram••Scale drawing and finding distance on maps••Statistics: mean, median, mode••Probability:hhFormulahhProbability of independent dataGrade 8133Pre-Algebra cont. p. 134

MathematicsPre-Algebra cont.Business Mathematics•• Terms: employers, employees••Income: salary, hourly, piecework wages, commission, tips, grosspay, net pay••Taxes:••IncomehhProperty••Sales••Budget••Banking:••Check, deposit slip, balancing checkbookhhReconciling monthly statements••Borrowing money:••Simple interest, installment buyinghhConstant ratio formulahhCompound interest formulahhBuying bonds and stocks••Insurance: life, health, fire, automobileGeometry•• Models and symbols:••Point, line, line segment, ray, angle, parallel lines, perpendicular,right anglehhSimilar to, congruent to, arc••Triangle••Plane geometric figures:••Curve, closed curve, simple closed curve, polygon, triangle••Quadrilateral, parallelogram, rectangle, rhombus, square,trapezoid••Pentagon, hexagon, heptagon, octagon, circle••Lines:••Line, line segment, ray, intersecting, perpendicularhhSkew••Angles:••Terms: sides, vertex, degree••Types:••Right, acute, obtuse, straighthhReflex, centralhhAdjacent••CongruenthhVertical, complementary, supplementary••In a circle••Measuring, constructing••Using a compass and protractor••Circle:••Terms:••Center, radius, diameter, arc, semicirclehhChord red indicates NEW MATERIAL••Triangles:••Types:hhAcute, obtuse••Right, equiangular, equilateral, isosceleshhScalene••Similar, congruent••Constructions:••Angles, bisecting angleshhLine segments, congruent angleshhLine perpendicular to a given line segment, parallel lineshhTriangles when given length of three sides, given two anglesand included side and, given two sides and the included angle••Perimeter: polygon, rectangle, square, triangle••Circumference: formulas when given diameter or radius••Area: rectangle, square, parallelogram, triangle, trapezoid, circle••Geometric solid shapes:••Prism, rectangular prism, cube, triangular prism, pyramid,square pyramid, cylinder, cone, sphere••Surface area: rectangular prism, cube, square pyramid, cylinder••Volume: rectangular prism, cube, square pyramid, cylinder, coneTrigonometry•• Terms: hypotenuse, legs, sine, cosine, tangent••Pythagorean formula: to find length of hypotenuse and legs••Finding sine, cosine, tangent using formulas and trigonometrictableProblem Solving & Applications•Grade 8• Word problems:••Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, rounding, fractions••Decimals, ratios, proportions, measures, percent, time, graphs••Statistics, probability, maps, commission, gross pay••Net pay, taxes, budget, interesthhBuying stocks and bonds••Insurance, geometry, trigonometryhhScientific notation••One-, two-, and three-step problems••Applications:••Making change, unit pricing, percent of discount, commissionhhProfit, loss••Measures, time zoneshhWind chill factor••Banking:••Writing checks, filling out deposit slips, balancing a checkbookhhReconciling monthly statements, buying stocks and bonds••Insurance, taxes••Mental arithmetic: problems combining addition, subtraction,multiplication, and division with up to 18 numbers••13 Multi-step Problem Solving Strategies134

MathematicsAlgebra 1 Grade 9Grade 9Algebra is an extension of arithmetic, and the concepts and procedures of arithmetic areused as the foundation upon which the study of algebra is built. Algebra supplies thelanguage and patterns of reasoning used in the sciences and other branches of knowledge.Algebraic axioms are used to form and solve equations.Algebra 1 uses mathematical ideas in solving problems ranging from everyday applicationsto applications in the physical and biological sciences.Supplementary Exercises••Progress test, improvement test, and testfor high rank at end of each chapter••Exercises at end of text:••Graphing, addition and subtraction,parentheses••Multiplication, division, special cases inmultiplication, factoring••Fractions, equations involving fractions••Ratios and proportions, formulas••Exponents and radicals, quadratic equations••General review, general review tests, final reviewEvaluation••Quizzes (57)••Tests (8)••9-weeks exam (2)•• Semester exam••Final exam red indicates NEW MATERIALIntroductory Processes•• Using letters, notation••Making algebraic statements from words, solving word problemsAlgebraic Numbers••Terms, coefficients, factors, variables••Products:••With multiple factorshhWith signed factors••Monomials, binomials, trinomials, polynomials••Combining terms, exponentshhDegree of a term••Order of operation: addition and subtraction, multiplicationand division, parenthesesGraphs••Number line, scale, reading graphshhHorizontal and vertical axes••Bar graphs, circle graphshhCurved-line graph••Broken-line graph, line graphFormulas & Equations••Used to make a table, an arithmetic rulehhUsed as an algebraic statementhhGraphing, variables, constants, functionshhSubstituting values••Solving:hhUniform motion••VelocityhhAcceleration, momentum, force, temperature conversionshhDegree of a term, degree of an equationhhSolving equationshhWord problemshhRules for solving equationsNumbershhAccuracy, significant figures, rounded numbers••Positive and negative numbers, absolute value••• Addition and subtraction using the number line• Algebraic sums, prime numbersOperationshhAxioms: subtraction, division, addition, multiplication, equality,substitution••Adding and subtracting monomialshhAdding and subtracting polynomialshhSolving equations, checking solutionshhUsing parentheses, grouping terms••Product of monomials, monomial and a polynomial, polynomials••Division of monomials, a polynomial by a monomialhhDivision of a polynomial by a polynomialhhWord problemshhRules for operationsProducts••Prime numbershhSimilar binomials, binomials with a common termhhFOIL, squaring binomialshhSum and difference of two numbershhWord problemshhRules for operationsFactoringhhExpressions with a common factorhhTrinomials that are products of similar binomialshhTrinomials that are squareshhDifference of two squareshhWhen either square is a square of a polynomialhhBy finding prime factorshhWord problemshhRules for operations135Algebra 1 cont. p. 136

MathematicsAlgebra 1 cont.Fractions••Review of numeric fractions:••Nature of, multiplication of••Numerator and denominator••Proper and improper fractions, mixed numbers and complexfractions••Reducing to lowers terms, adding and subtracting••Changing mixed numbers to fractions••Multiplying and dividing, simplifying complex fractions••General principles and terminologyAlgebraic FractionshhReducing, reducing to lowest terms, simplifyinghh Greatest common factorhhChanging to: a required denominator, a mixed expression,least common denominatorhhAddition and subtraction, multiplication and divisionhhReciprocalshhComplex fractions•• Clearing equations of fractionshhWord problems with fractionshhGeneral principlesRatios, Proportions, & Variation••Definitions, termshhVariable, constanthhhWord problemshh Mean proportionalh General principlesLinear Equations••DefinedhhMembershhSolving by inspection, by axioms, rootshhAs word statementshhGraphshhIntegral and fractional equations, solution of literal equationshhWord problemshhGeneral principlesLinear Systems of EquationshhGraphing and terms: point of intersection, origin, abscissa,ordinate, coordinates, quadrants, axeshhGraphs of linear equationshhEquations: indeterminate, dependent, independent, simultaneous,inconsistenthhSolution of linear equations: graphic, algebraichhElimination by addition and subtraction, by substitutionhhSystems of linear equationshhChecking algebraic solutions by graphinghhSolving word problemshhGeneral principlesPowers & RootshhTerms•• red indicates NEW MATERIAL• Squares and square roots:• Radical sign, radicandhhPrincipal square root, principal roothhPowers of number raised to a power, positive numbers, aproduct, fractions, polynomialshhRoots of numbers, of monomials••Square root of a polynomial:•• By extractionhhBy estimationhhCube roots by factoringhhUsing a calculator to find powers and rootshhGeneral principlesExponents & Radicals••Notation, radical, radicandhhOrder of an expression••Numbers with:•• Exponent of zerohhA negative exponent, a fractional exponenthhGraphic representation of second order radicalshhRational and irrational numbershhSimplifying radical expression, reducing radical expressionshhReducing the index of a root, reducing radicals to the same orderhhRadicals: addition and subtraction, multiplication and division,finding powershhRationalizing a denominatorhhGeneral principlesQuadratic EquationshhFirst degree and quadratic equationsGrade 9hhGraphic solution of quadratic equations: parabolas and aminimum pointhhAlgebraic solution of incomplete quadratic equationshhFormulashhAlgebraic solution of complete quadratic equationshhSolving by completing the square, using the quadratic formulahhMiscellaneous quadratic equationshhWord problemshhGeneral principlesGeometry••Isosceles triangle, square, rectangle, cube, parallelogram,trapezoid••Circle, right triangle, regular polygon, rectangular solid, cone••Pyramid, cylinder of revolution, sphere136Algebra 1 cont. p. 137

MathematicsAlgebra 1 cont.Geometry cont.••Perimeter, area, volume, Pythagorean theorem, altitude••Circumference, diameter, radius••Similar figureshhProportional lengths, areashhProportional areas and volumes of similar solidsTrigonometry•• Vertex, angle, degrees, types of angles••Protractor and types of triangleshhSum of the angles of a triangleGrades 9–10 red indicates NEW MATERIAL••Pythagorean theorem••Similar figures:••Relationships of corresponding sideshhRelationships of corresponding angles••Trigonometric ratios:••Tangent, sine, and cosinehhAngles of elevation and depressionhhSpecial triangles: 30°-60°-90°; 45°-45°-90°••Solving right triangles••Using a tablehhInterpolation of values of a function using a table••Using a calculatorAlgebra 2 Grade 10Algebra 2 presents a thorough review of elementary algebra and will help the student acquireimportant manipulative algebraic skills. Students will develop self-reliance and confidence in theiraccuracy by repeated insistence on the checking of algebraic solutions. The students’ understandingof the algebraic concepts will advance to prepare them for further study in mathematics.Supplementary Exercises••Progress test and improvement text at end ofeach chapter••For Experts Only test at end of most chapters••Historic character interest stories: RobertRecorde, Sir Isaac Newton, René Descartes,Leonhard Euler, Albert Einstein••Algebra in Action—Interest Scenarios: KineticEnergy, Medicine, Air Resistance and Bicycles,Rope Strength, Hull Speed, Is it likely to rain?Evaluation••Quizzes (46)••Tests (8)••9-weeks exam (2)•• Semester exam••Final exam red indicates NEW MATERIALIntroductory Review••Words as algebraic expressions••Terms and symbols••Number line••Order of operations••Addition and subtraction of polynomials••Equations involving addition and subtractionhhInequalities involving addition and subtraction••Word problems••Multiplication and division of polynomials••Special cases of multiplicationhhSynthetic division••Special cases of division••Solving equations and literal equationshhSolving inequalities••Algebraic representation••General principles137Algebra 2 cont. p. 138

MathematicsAlgebra 2 cont.Factoring••Review factor, prime factor, monomial factors••Perfect square trinomials••Difference of two squareshhSum or difference: of two cubes, of the same odd powershhDifference of even powers of two numbers•• Quadratic trinomial, general quadraticshhPolynomials with common polynomial factorshhMaking a perfect square trinomial for factoringhhApplying by solving equationshhGeneral principlesRational Expressions & Equations in One VariablehhSigns in fractionshhRational numbers and expressionshhEquivalent fractionshhLowest termhhReducing a fractional algebraic expressionhhLeast common denominator of algebraic fractionshhAddition and subtraction of algebraic fractionshhMultiplication and division of algebraic fractionshhComplex algebraic fractionshhEquations in one variable:hhRoot of, extraneous roothhRational and non-rationalhhLinear formhhClearing equations of fractionshhLiteral equationshhFormulas ofhhGeneral principlesCoordinate GeometryhhGraphs:•• Coordinate planehhx-axis, y-axis, origin••Abscissa, ordinate••Rectangular coordinates, quadrantshhx-intercept, y-intercepthhUsing graphs to solve word problems••Graphing linear equations by tablehhGraphing linear equations by slope-intercept formhhGraphing linear inequalitieshhSlope:hhFrom two pointshhVariation, undefinedhhPerpendicular and parallel lineshhDistance between two pointshhPythagorean theoremhhMidpointhhEquation of a line using two points, point-slope formVariation & DependencehhVariables: independent, dependent••Constants, functions••Domain, range••Ratios••Proportions:••Means, extremes•• Fundamental law of proportionshhVariation:hhDirect, inversehhApplied to geometric solidshhIn construction of formulashhEmpirical formulashhGraphs of variationhhWord problems red indicates NEW MATERIALSystems of Equations••Simultaneous equations: elimination by addition and subtraction,by substitution••Systems of literal equationshhWith three unknownshhGeneral principleshhWord problemsPowers & Roots••Power••Root:••Index ofhhOdd or even root••Square, cubehhReal, imaginary••PrincipalhhBinomial theoremhhPascal’s trianglehhFinding the r th term of an expansion of (a + b) n••Square root of a polynomialhhFinding roots by factoring••Finding powers and roots using a calculatorhhWord problemshhGeneral principlesExponents, Radicals, & Imaginary Numbers••Exponent theory: general principles, zero, negative values,Grade 10fractional valueshhOperationshhScientific notation••Reduction of radicals: radicand, order, rational and irrationalnumbers••Reducing radicals to the same order••Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of radicals138Algebra 2 cont. p. 139

MathematicsAlgebra 2 cont.Exponents, Radicals, & Imaginary Numbers cont.••Rationalization:hhFactors•• DenominatorshhConjugate••Powers of radicalshhRoots of radicalshhApplicationshhRadical equationshhImaginary and complex numbers:hhFundamental property of imaginaries, powers of ihhGraphic representation, standard formhhNumber theory: natural numbers, fractions, positive and negativenumbershhWord problemshhGeneral principlesQuadratic & Higher Equations••Quadratic equations:••DefinedhhCoincident and imaginary roots••Minimum points••Solving incomplete and complete quadratics:••Factoring, completing the square, quadratic formula••General direction••Literal equationshhRadical equations leading to quadraticshhEquations in quadratic form:hhGraphing:hhCircles••ParabolashhEllipses, hyperbolashhSystems of equationshhSolving systems of equations involving quadraticshhThe nature of roots of quadratics: discriminant, real or imaginary,equal or unequalhhSolving polynomials of degree three or greater:hhZeros, factor theorem, graphs, imaginary factorshhFactors of n th order polynomialshhWord problemshhGeneral principlesLogarithmic, Exponential, & Rational FunctionshhIntroduction:hhLogarithms, basehhCommon logarithms, natural logarithmshhCalculatorshhConverting between exponential and logarithmic form:hhExponential equationshhLogarithmic equations red indicates NEW MATERIALhhDomain and range of logarithmic functionshhLogarithm properties: products, quotients, powershhAntilogarithms: original number, calculatorshhApplications: decibels, star magnitude, the pH scalehhExponential functions:hhForm, graphs, asymptoteshhDomain and rangehhSimple and compound interesthhSolving exponential and logarithmic equationshhGraphshhRational functions: vertical and horizontal asymptoteshhGeneral propertiesTrigonometry•• Angle properties••Measuring tiny angles: minutes and seconds••Triangle properties:••By angle measurehhSum of angles••Pythagorean theorem, similar triangles••Trigonometric functions:••Of acute angles••Of special angles:••30°-60°-90° triangle••45°-45°-90° triangle••Triangle solutions••Angles of elevation and depression••Function values using a calculatorhhOf non-acute angleshhLaw of sines, cosineshhWord problemsStatistics & Probability•• Measures of central tendency:••Mean, median, mode••Bimodal, multimodalhhMeasures of dispersion: range, standard deviation••Normal distribution, frequency distribution••HistogramhhCounting, permutations, and combinations: theory and formulas••Probability of a single eventhhMutually and non-mutually exclusive events••Probability of multiple events:••Independent eventshhDependent eventsGrade 10139

MathematicsConsumer Mathematics Grade 10Grade 10No student studying Consumer Mathematics is tempted to ask, Why do I have to learn this? Noother math course is as clearly related to knowledge and skills that are a must for every person.Percents, proportions, fractions, decimals, word problem skills, and many other concepts are funto learn in the practical setting of buying a car, food, house, clothing, insurance, etc.Consumer tips are given frequently, but most importantly, biblical principles are highlightedthroughout the text.Supplementary Exercises••Analytical Skills Problem Solving Scenariowithin each chapter••Skills and Review Exercises Workbookto be used simultaneously with the textfor homework and review:••Daily practice exercises for maintenanceof basic mathematics skills••Unit and exam review exercisesEvaluation••Quizzes (35)••Tests (8)••9-weeks exam (2)•• Semester exam, final exam••Skills development exercises (optional—12) red indicates NEW MATERIALBuying a CarhhCost of a car: warranty, trade-in, options, advertisements,taxes and fees, registration and rateshhFinancing: installments, installment charge, carrying charge,contracthhDepreciation: average annual depreciation, rate of depreciation••Insurance:••LiabilityhhBodily injury, property••Collision, comprehensivehhDeductible, premiumhhMaintenance and repair: owner’s manual, service manual, trunkessentialshhAnnual operating costhhLeasing:hhOpen-ended lease, closed-ended leasehhLessee, lease agreementhhWord problemsTravel••Times zones: prime meridian, international date linehhBy train or bus, renting a carhhWord problemsIncome••Hourly wages, straight time, overtime, time and a half, pieceworkwages••Employers, employeeshhTime clockshhIncentive bonus••Tips, salary••Commission: rate of commission, amount of saleshhSelf-employment, fees••Gross income, net income••Deductions:••Federal income taxhhSocial security tax, FICA••Gross pay, net pay, take-home payhhWord problemsBudgetinghhTime budget••• Circle graph: steps in preparing, protractor• Household budget:hhItemizing to estimate expenseshhBalancing the budget, trial budgethhBudget adjustmentshhStandardized budgetshhDisposable incomehhWord problemsHousinghhRenting versus buying: security deposit••Mortgage loans:•• Principal, balancehhMortgage loan schedule••Property taxhhAssessed value, market valuehhTax rate: as a percent, amount per $100, per $1,000, in mills••Homeowner’s insurance:hhTenant’s policieshhRepairs and upkeephhFurnishing costs••Purchasing electricity: kilowatt-hour, electric company rates,reading the electric meter••Purchasing natural gas: gas meter, cubic foot, hundred cubicfeet, natural gas rateshhOther utility expenses: water rates, wastewater rates140Consumer Mathematics cont. p. 141

MathematicsConsumer Mathematics cont.Housing cont.hhTelephone rates: local service, long distancehhWord problemsFoodhhBuying foodhhGrocery shopping tips••Reading graphs••• Unit price, using unit price• Conversion equivalentshhInflationhhConsumer price indexhhCost of living:hhCities ranked by cost of grocerieshhRange statistic••• Circle graph• The metric system: conversionshhRestaurant eating: table service, fast food, chain, franchise,franchiser, eating-out tips, junk foodhhFood freezershhSaving food dollars: couponshhFood labeling and nutritionhhU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationhhMeasuring calories:hhCalorie, kilocaloriehhCalorie need: based on age, on occupationhhCalorie content of selected foods••Using calorieshhBalanced diethhWord problemsClothinghhClothing planhhBuying clothing by mail: shipping chargeshhStretching the clothing budget: clothing quality, carehhSewing your own clothing••Buying clothing on sale:•• DiscounthhList price••Rate of discounthhConsumer price index for clothinghhPrice changes•••• Profit and loss in the clothing business:• Cost, selling price, gross profit, net profit, overhead, loss• Selected business formulas: gross profit, net profit, losshhOperating statement: net sales, gross profit, net profithhMarkup on cost, finding selling price based on markup on costhhMarkup on retail price, finding cost based on markup on retail red indicates NEW MATERIALhhManufacturer’s cost: wholesale price, total factory cost, factoryoverhead, cost of a garmenthhWord problemsLeisurehhTaking a vacationhhShoppinghhEnjoying the computer:hhProgram, programmer, microcomputer, history of, analogcomputers, digital computershhBit, binary, conversionshhCooking:••Recipes: conversions, adjustmentshhReading books:••Roman numerals in copyrighthhChurch activitieshhWord problemsFederal Taxes & RecordshhSocial security tax•• Federal Insurance Contribution Act (FICA)hhMedicare••Federal income tax••Progressive taxhhW-4 form••Exemptions, dependentshhWithholding allowancehhIncome tax return:••W-2 formhh1040 EZ, 1040A, 1040hhJoint return, separate returnhhHead of household••State income tax:hhSample state tax rateshhCash records:hhAuditedhhCash receipt record, cash payment recordhhComparing receipts and payments: deficithhCash payment recordshhWord problemsBanking•Grade 10• Electronic transfer••Demand deposit••NOW accounts, super-NOW accounts, money-market accounts••Depositor••Monthly service charge••Bank balance141Consumer Mathematics cont. p. 142

Mathematics Grade 10Consumer Mathematics cont. red indicates NEW MATERIALBanking cont.•• ATM, PIN••Deposit slips••Writing checks:••Check stubs, registerhhOverdraft••Reconciling the bank statement:••Canceled checkshhOutstanding checkshhBorrowing money:hhPromissory note, signature loan, unsecured loan, collateral,secured loan••Interest: simple interest, principal, rate of interest, time••Installment plans: finance charge, percent of interest••Constant ratio formula••Credit cards:hhActive, credit linehhSavings account••Compound interest:hhExponent, basehhCertificates of deposit, savings bonds, series EE savingsbonds, maturity datehhRelated bank services: safety deposit box, cashier’s check,certified check, traveler’s checks, debit card, online bankinghhWord problemsInvestments•• Life insurance:••Rider, term insurance, lifetime insurance, endowment insurance••Straight life, limited payment life, premiumshhLife insurance benefits:•• Cash valuehhBorrowing, extended term, accelerated death benefit, dividendhhLife insurance settlement options:hhLump sum paymenthhAnnuity: fixed amount, fixed number of years, lifetime, guaranteedlife annuity••Buying bonds:••Bondholder, par value, premium, discount, broker, brokeragefeehhWall Street Journal, quoted price, net changehhInterest paid on bonds: annual yieldhhProceeds from bonds:hhAccrued interesthhUsing a calculator••Buying stock:hhLiquid money••Common stock, preferred stock, dividends, par valuehhNo-par stock•• Market pricehhPrice to earnings ratio, net changehhThe stockbroker:hhRound lots, odd lotshhNo-load stocks•• Brokerage fees for stock••Dividends from stock:hhCash dividends, stock dividendshhCapital gains and losses on sale of stock:hhBull market, bear markethhCapital gain, capital losshhWord problemsSmall BusinesshhBeginning a small business:hhEntrepreneurhhCapital, owner capital, creditor capitalhhStandard business ratiohhExpenses, assets and liabilities, resourceshhNet worthhhOwner’s equityhhBalance sheet:hhCurrent assets, fixed assetshhCurrent liabilities, fixed liabilitieshhHorizontal formathhBalancehhRatio analysis: current ratio, quick ratio, acid-test ratiohhIncome statement:hhNet profit, net losshhPercent analysishhRatios related to sales:hhAverage collection periodhhInventory turnoverhhAverage daily sales, annual saleshhPayroll record: employees’ quarterly federal tax returnshhBreak-even point analysis: fixed costs, variable costshhTrade discounts:hhList price, gross selling pricehhChain discounthhTrade credit: percent of discount, discount period, net, creditperiod, invoice dates, E.O.M••Storage and inventory:••VolumehhInventoryhhWord problems142

MathematicsPlane Geometry Grade 11Grade 11Plane Geometry teaches students how to use known facts to verify the truth of additional facts, tosolve geometric problems, and to use deductive reasoning for drawing correct conclusions. Studentslearn to think naturally, logically, and systematically whenever they encounter a proof to write, a constructionto make, or a problem to solve. They are then equipped throughout life to perform such tasksas determining which car is the better buy or identifying truth and flaws in politics.Topical Interest Essays••Geometry Past and Present; Geometry and thePyramids••Euclid, Master of Logic; Geometry and Solomon’sTemple••Archimedes, Greatest Mathematician of Antiquity••Geometry and the Parthenon; Blaise Pascal,Inventor, Mathematician, Writer••The Golden Ratio; Leibniz, Universal Genius••Notre Dame de Paris; Isaac Barrow, Teacher,Friend of Isaac Newton••Kaleidoscope; Sir Christopher Wren, Mathematicianand Architect••The value of π; Symmetry in Nature5 Final Review ExercisesQuick Reference & Summaries••Conversion tables, plane geometry notation andformulas••Basic mathematics axioms, geometry principles,postulates, and informal statements••Theorems and corollaries, properties ofproportions, transformations••Constructions, proof methods, factual summaries red indicates NEW MATERIALEvaluation••Quizzes (50)••Tests (8)••9-weeks exam (2)•• Semester exam••Final examIntroduction to Geometry••Geometry definedhhPrinciples, informal statements, axioms, postulates••Fundamental definitions: equal segments, midpoint, trisection••Angles:••Equal, bisectorhhPerigon••Straight angle, adjacent, right, perpendicular lines, acute,obtuse, reflexhhOblique••Complementary, supplementary, vertical••Measuring angles; degrees, minutes, seconds; protractor; compass••Triangle:••Defined, vertices, base, exterior anglehhOpposite interior angle, median••Altitude, scalene, isosceles, equilateral, acute, obtuse, right,equiangular, sum of angles••Polygon:••DefinedhhBase, adjacent sides, diagonal, convex, concave, sum of angles,regular, center••Circle:••Defined, center, circumference, diameter, radiushhChord, arc, semicircle, quadrant••Congruence:••DefinedhhCorresponding parts••Constructions:••Perpendicular bisector, angle bisector, angle••Perpendicular at a point143hhPerpendicular from a point•• Triangle given three sides, one side and adjacent angles, twosides and included anglehhOptical illusions, deduction••Euclid’s ElementshhNumeric applicationsRectilinear Plane Figures••Demonstrative proof: defined, demonstrated, given, prove, analysis,proof, theorem, corollary••Triangles congruent by:••SAShhLL••ASAhhLA••SSShhHA, SAA, HL••Triangle sides-angles relationships:••Isosceles triangle, equilateral, equiangularhhExterior-exterior angle, opposite sides-angleshhAuxiliary lines, direct and indirect method of proof•• Parallel lineshhParallel postulate and corollaryhhTransversal formedhhAngles formed, angle relationshipshhProving lines parallel••Proving angles equal, supplementary, complementary••Triangle relationships:••Sum of angleshhExterior-opposite interior anglesPlane Geometry cont. p. 144

Mathematics Grade 11Plane Geometry cont. red indicates NEW MATERIALRectilinear Plane Figures cont.hhAcute angles of right trianglehh30°-60°-90°hhUnequal lines and angles, perpendicular lines, triangles withunequal lines and angleshhDistance defined between two points, two lines, a line and apoint••Parallelograms and quadrilaterals:••Defined, base, altitude, rhombus, rectangle, squarehhRelationships of sides, angles, diagonals, shapes formedhhProving a quadrilateral is a parallelogramhhSegments intersected by parallel lines••Trapezoid:••Defined, legshhMedian••AltitudehhIsosceles••Polygons:••DefinedhhSum of exterior angles, sum of interior angleshhEach angle measure, formulashhConcurrent lines of a triangle:hhDefined, altitudeshhAngle bisectors, perpendicular bisectors of sides, medianshhProof reasoning methods (critical thinking skills): analytic, synthetic,general methodhhInequality axiomshhNumeric applicationsThe Circle••Relationships of equal arcs, central angles, and chords;unequal arcs, central angles, and chords; chord distances fromcenter••Diameter-chord relationships, perpendicular relationships••Inscribed and circumscribed polygons••Tangent lines and relationships, common tangents••Tangent and intersecting circles, common chord, concentriccircles••Measuring angles and arcs, inscribed angles, semicircles••Angles formed by combinations of chords, tangents, secants••Constructions and proofs:••ReviewedhhBisect arc••Parallel lineshhDivide a line into n equal partshhCircumscribe a circle, inscribe a circle, tangent to a circlehhCircle from various givens, triangle from various givenshhLocus:hhDefinitions and drawingshhFundamental locus theorems:hhEquidistant and given distances from various pointshhIntersecting and parallel lineshhCenters of circles tangent to a line, etc.••Intersecting loci•• General directions for constructionsProportions & Similar Polygons••Definitions: ratio, antecedent, consequent, proportion,extremes, meanshhFourth proportional••Mean proportionalhhThird proportional, continued proportion••Fundamental properties: product of means and extremes, writingproportionshhLike-powers axioms••Finding a mean proportionalhhTransformations: alternation, inversion, addition, subtraction,like powershhProportional segments: by parallel lines, by angle bisectors•• Similar polygons, corresponding sideshhCorresponding angles, ratio of similitudehhProving triangles similar aaa, aa, sas, ll, ssshhProportional line proofs: in triangles, with parallel lines, in righttriangles, in circleshhPythagorean theorem provedhhSimilar polygons:hhProportional sides, perimeters, diagonals, correspondinglengthshhSimilarity of corresponding triangleshhConstruction of proportional segments and polygons: fourthproportional, a given proportional, mean proportionalhhProjectionhhNumeric applicationsSurface Measurement••Defined, equal figures, constant, variablehhLimit•• Area mensuration formulas for rectangle, square, parallelogram,triangle, trapezoidhhArea proportions for rectangle, square, parallelogram, triangle,trapezoidhhAreas of similar triangles and similar polygons•• Pythagorean theorem:hhBy areas of squares, by area of similar polygonshhConstruction of equal non-similar shapeshhTransforming plane figureshhNumeric applicationsRegular Polygons & Circles••DefinedhhInscribed and circumscribed, chords, tangents, midpointshhInscribed and circumscribed circleshhAngle at center of n-gonhhRatios regarding similar polygons: perimeters, correspondingsides, areas, radii, apothems••Area formulahhCircle proportionshhFormulas to measure:••Circumferences, radii, diameters••Pi144Plane Geometry cont. p. 145

MathematicsPlane Geometry cont.Regular Polygons & Circles cont.hhArc length using angles in degreeshhSectors, segments, similar sectors and segmentshhConstructions: inscribing a square, regular polygonshhNumeric applications including 30°-60°-90°, 45°-45°-90°Trigonometry••DefinedhhGraphic solutions••••Grade 11 red indicates NEW MATERIAL• Right triangle solutions• Sine, cosine, tangent, ratios, functions of angles in degrees• Interpolation, angles of elevation and depression• Numeric applicationsBusiness Mathematics Grade 11Business Mathematics in Christian Perspective introduces secondary students to beginningaccounting procedures and gives valuable insight into the world of investments. At the sametime, the course reviews and expands students’ understanding of basic mathematic principles,concepts, and skills. Students use arithmetic, algebra, and geometry as tools to make betterfinancial decisions and to gain an understanding of the workings of business.The excellent balance of skills practice and problem solving meets the needs of the varyingabilities of the students. Students increase their understanding of good investment practicesand the stock market. The daily Basic Mathematics Practice Exercises review the fundamentalsof mathematics while challenging the students with interesting word problems and conceptsthat may be new to them. These exercises require students to apply and connect various typesof mathematical knowledge. Bible principles regarding finance are set forth throughout thistextbook.Evaluation••Quizzes (34)••Skills developmentexercises (54)••Tests (8)••9-weeks exam (2)••Semester exam••Final exam red indicates NEW MATERIALStewardship•• Keeping money records••Accounting, bookkeeping••Cash receipts and payment records••Terminology:••Addends, sum, minuend, subtrahend••Difference, multiplicand, multiplier••Product, factor, dividend, divisor, quotient••Assets, liabilities, capital:hhAccounts receivable, accounts payable••CreditorhhAccounting equations••Balance sheet••Income, cost of goods sold, operating expenses••Profit, loss: net sales, gross profit, equationshhCorporation: average owner’s equity, return on equity••Income statement••Debits and credits:••Assets, liabilities, capital••Income, cost of goods, expenseshhJournal, double-entry bookkeeping system, debit entry,credit entry, “T” accountshhGeneral journal: debit and credit entries and totalshhGeneral ledger: chart of accountshhPractical exercise application problemshhWord problemshhGeneral principleshhUnit reviewManaging Your Business•• Ratio analysis:••Ratio, antecedent, consequent••Current ratio, quick ratiohhLiquidity of assets, current liabilities••Percent analysis:••Percent, cost of goods sold, gross profit, operatingexpenses, net profit••Proportion, means, extremes, algebraic axiomshhAverage collection turnover:••Average daily sales, equations••Inventory turnover:••Cost of goods sold, average inventory••Amount of sales, average inventory145Business Mathematics cont. p. 146

MathematicsBusiness Mathematics cont.Managing Your Business cont.•• Break-even point:••Fixed costs, variable costshhGraph analysis••Parallel lines, intersecting lines, coordinate plane••Review of mathematical order of operationhhFormula••Trade discount: list price, net price, percentage••Trade credit: percent of discount, discount period, creditperiod, E. O. M••Storage and Inventory:••Volume, congruent••Cube, edges, rectangular solid, cylinder, cone••Conversion factors:••Time, English linear, liquid, dry, weight, metric••Metric-EnglishhhPractical exercise application problemshhWord problemshhGeneral principleshhUnit reviewInvestment•• Reading the stock exchange table••Principal, dividends:••Fraction, denominator, numerator, mixed number••Greatest common factor, prime number, compositenumber••Least common denominator, improper fraction••Absolute value, cancellation, reciprocal••Stock market••Buying and selling stock:hhStock certificate••StockbrokershhStock exchange, New York Stock Exchange••Market value••Mixed decimal, whole number, decimal, terminating decimal,repeating decimal••Capital gain, capital losshhPractical exercise application problems• Certificate of deposit (CD): simple interest formula, per-hhStock market game: log sheets, money market fund•cents••Savings account:hhFDIChhFinding the principal: ending-balance method, minimumbalancemethod, daily-interest methodhhReal estate: things to be aware of, rate of income, annualnet income, cash investmenthhCorporate bonds:hhBondholder, face value, par value, premium, discount,quoted pricehhAnnual yield, annual interest, selling pricehhMutual funds: investment portfolio, prospectus••Compound interest••Real return on an investment:••Inflation, taxes red indicates NEW MATERIALhhExpected gross return, expected after-tax return,expected real returnhhWord problemshhGeneral principleshhUnit reviewIncome Taxes••Earning a living:hhEducation, years with a business, responsibility•• Salary, hourly, commission, piecework, tip, overtime,regular pay, bonus••Deductions:••Gross pay, net pay••FICA, social security taxhhMaximum taxable income••Inflation••Income tax return: 1040EZ, employee’s withholding, allowancecertificate, W-4 form, dependents, W-2 form, 1040A,1040, tax audit••State income taxes: sample rate table••Sales tax••Property tax:••Assessed value, property tax rate, market value, assessedvalue••As a percent, amount per $100, per $1,000, in millshhCorporate income tax: corporation, taxable income, annualgross income, deductions, graduated taxhhPractical exercise application problemshhWord problemshhGeneral principleshhUnit reviewBanking•• Checking records:••Balance, deposit slip, currency, transit number••Finding percent of increase or decrease••Checks and register:••Steps for writing a check••Bouncing a check, poor credit risk••Bank statementhhRC, OD••Canceled check, outstanding checkhhOutstanding deposit, reconcile••Electronic banking: electronic funds transfer, automaticteller, PIN, debit cardhhLoans to small businesses:hhSingle-payment loans, term, maturity valuehhDiscount loan, proceeds, installment loan, amountfinancedhhPractical exercise application problemshhWord problemshhGeneral principleshhUnit reviewGrade 11146

MathematicsPrecalculus Grade 12Grade 12The purpose of Precalculus is to teach the student how to select and apply varioustechniques to solve mathematical problems in a skillful, systematic, and logical manner.Students will learn the underlying principles of trigonometry and interrelationships of linesand functions with graphical and analytical problem-solving techniques from a study inanalytical geometry. The study culminates with an introduction to selected calculus topics.Topical Interest Essays•• The History of Pi••Distance of travel due to earth’s rotation••Mathematics in Astronomy—Eratosthenes’calculation of earth’s circumference••Sir Isaac Newton••Oscilloscope Measurement of Household Voltage••Mathematics in Engineering••The Place of Imaginary Numbers••Euler’s Formula e i ~+ 1 = 0••Missile Guidance Technology••Mathematics in Physics—Projectile Motion••Mathematics in Biology••Summation—A Calculation of Pi••The Design of Cylindrical Containers••Mathematics in Physics—Fluid pressure on avertical surfaceEvaluation••Quizzes (49)••Tests (9)••9-weeks exam (2)•• Semester exam••Final exam red indicates NEW MATERIALTrigonometry & Analytical Trigonometry•• Basic trigonometric ratios••Solving right triangleshhAdvanced trigonometric ratioshhTrigonometric functionshhSolving trigonometric equations••Trigonometric graphs:••InterceptshhSymmetry, sinusoidhhAmplitude, period, key angles, key pointshhVertical and horizontal scalinghhVertical and horizontal translationhhPhase shifthhVertical asymptoteshhSigns of the functions by quadranthhPeriodic motion: simple harmonic motion, frequency, rotatingobject, suspended objecthhIdentities:hhReciprocal, cofunction, Pythagorean, quotienthhNegative angle, double angle, half anglehhSum and difference, product to sum, sum to producthhVerifyinghhUsed to find unknown values••••~6 , ~ 4 , etc.)• Special angle function values (30°, 45°, etc.;• Inverse function values using a calculator• Function values:• Angles in degreeshhAngles in radianshhFinding unknown function valueshhFunction values using the unit circle, line diagrams of functionvalues••Using a calculator, using right triangles, using special triangles:••30°-60°-90°••45°-45°-90°••90°; ~ 6 - ~ 3 - ~ 2 , ~ 4 - ~ 4 - ~ 2hhReducing trigonometric function angles: reference angle, referencetrianglehhRewriting as a cofunctionCoordinate Geometry••Basic review, terminologyhhTrigonometric Function graphs:hhIntercepts, symmetry, sinusoidhhAmplitude, period, key angles, key pointshhVertical and horizontal scalinghhVertical and horizontal translation, phase shifthhVertical asymptoteshhAngles in degrees and radianshhGraphing by addition of ordinateshhInverse functions, inverse trigonometric functions•• Intercepts: x-intercept, y-intercepthhSymmetry: x-axis, y-axis, origin••Domain:••Limiting operationshhDetermining•• Complex number plane••Points of intersection••Distance••Slope:hhVariation, inclination••Parallel and perpendicular lineshhAngle between two intersecting lines••Straight line:hhInclinationhhDistance to a point•• Systems of lines••Equation forms:••Slope-intercepthhPoint-slope, two-point, intercept, parallel to axes, general•• Midpoint147Precalculus cont. p. 148

MathematicsPrecalculus cont.Coordinate Geometry cont.••Parametric equations:hhEliminating the parameterhhDeveloping equations: Shrödinger’s wave model graphhhInvolute of a circle, brachistochrone, cycloids••Locus of a pointhhConic sections:••Circle: center, radius••Ellipse:hhVertexes, foci, major and minor axes, latus rectum, eccentricity••Parabola:••VertexhhFocus, latus rectum, eccentricityhhHyperbola: vertexes, foci, transverse and conjugate axes, latusrectum, eccentricity, asymptotes, conjugate hyperbolashhHorizontal and vertical translation, rotation of axeshhGraphing in three dimensions:hhTraces, cylinders, elementshhGraphs: ellipsoid, paraboloid, hyperboloid of one sheet, hyperboloidof two sheets, hyperbolic paraboloid, conePolar CoordinateshhGraphing techniqueshhTerminology, conversionshhAnalysis techniques: branch tangents at the pole, symmetry,determining angles resulting in undefined valueshhRotation of axeshhGraphs: lines, circles, roses, cardioids, limaçons, parabolasAngles••Angles on the Cartesian plane:••In degreeshhIn radianshhInitial side, terminal side, standard positionhhQuadrant of an angle, coterminal angles, positive and negativeangles: in degrees, in radians, conversionshhBearinghhKey angles for a trigonometric function graph••Trigonometric function values:hhReference angle by quadrant: in degrees, in radians•• Special angles: 30°, 45°, etc.;Functions•~6 , ~ 4 , etc.• Functional notation••Domain and range:hhFinding, using inequalities, using intervals, characteristicshhFunctions: even, odd, periodic, inversehhHorizontal line test, vertical line test, one-to-one functionsTriangles••Solving right triangleshhSolving oblique triangles:••Law of sines, law of cosineshhThe ambiguous case••Using angles of elevation and depression••Finding area••Right triangle trigonometryhhReference triangle•• 30°-60°-90°, 45°-45°-90°; ~ 6 - ~ 3 - ~ 2 , ~ 4 - ~ 4 - ~ 2Complex Numbers•• Imaginary numbers and basic quantities••Standard form••Graphing on the complex planeGrade 12 red indicates NEW MATERIALhhMagnitude, argument, trigonometric form, polar form, conversionshhMultiplying and dividing complex numbershhFinding roots and powers: De Moivre’s theoremDistance•• Length of an arc:••Using degreeshhUsing radians••Distance between two points:••In two dimensionshhIn three dimensionshhHorizontal and vertical distancehhFrom a line to a pointVectorshhScalar, equal vectors, unequal vectors, negative vector, resultant,vector sumRegression AnalysishhMethod of least squares: general equations for solutionhhClose-fit curvehhSummation notationhhPearson-r correlation coefficienthhLinear and non-linear data: y = mx + b, y = ae tx , y = ax t ,y = a + bx + cx 2 ... + mx nIntroductory CalculushhHistory, limitshhFirst derivative of a polynomial: using limits, using the shortmethodhhSlope using derivativeshhSecond derivative of a polynomial: maximum and minimum,critical points••Rate of change:••AveragehhInstantaneous••Velocity:••AveragehhInstantaneous••Acceleration:••AveragehhInstantaneoushhAnti-derivativehhArea under a curve148

History & Geography Grade 7World History Grade 7History of the World is presented from a conservative, Christian perspective as part of a wellroundedprogram designed to give students a better understanding and a working knowledge ofthe geography of the Eastern Hemisphere. The interesting narrative style of the text and the manyillustrations, maps, and photographs invite students to explore the past and learn about the peoplebehind the events of world history.The goal of the text is three fold: first, to show God’s hand in the history of the world; second,to emphasize the role of individuals in history; and third, to teach the many lessons that can belearned from history. Above all, History of the World emphasizes the providence of God in theactions of men. It provides students with heroes to emulate and goals to fulfill by focusing on theindividuals whose character, initiative, and hard work have made a positive impact on world history.Added Enrichment••Special feature boxes (42):•• Highlight important people and events of history••Present fascinating facts and intriguing details froma Christian perspective••Introduce the foundations of history and placeimportance on knowing current history••Maps correlating to text (67) red indicates NEW MATERIALEvaluation••Review quizzes (40)••Reading quizzes (19)••Current event reports (23; each counts as quiz grade)••Geography projects (13; each counts as quiz grade)••Tests (8), 9-weeks exam (2)••Semester exam, final examBeginning of World History: The Ancient Middle East•• The beginning:••Creation••Fall of man:hhCain, Abel, SethhhCapital punishment••Flood••Dispersion••From Sumer to Canaan (c. 2300–1700 B.C.):••Sumerian civilization••Call of Abraham••Hammurabi and BabylonhhPatriarchs in Canaan••Down to Egypt (c. 2300–1400 B.C.):••Egyptian civilization••Hebrew exodus:hhGod’s judgment through the plagues••Israel in its land (c. 1500–500 B.C.):••Ten Commandments••Conquest of CanaanhhSamuel••David and SolomonhhDivision of Israel••Phoenicians and HittitesNew Empires & Cultures••Assyria, Babylon, and Persia (c. 800–300 B.C.):••Assyrian Empire:hhShalmaneser V and Ashurbanipal••Chaldean Empire: Nebuchadnezzar••Persian Empire: Cyrus the Great:hhDarius and the Royal Road••Greece (c. 800–300 B.C.):••Early Greek civilization:hhDorians••Homer and the Olympian godshhGreco-Persian Wars••Athens and Sparta:••Greek politicshhPeloponnesian War••Alexander the Great••Rome before Christ (c. 800 B.C.–birth of Christ):••Foundation of Rome••Roman republic••Punic Wars••Julius CaesarhhRoman drama••Caesar AugustushhMeasuring time••Rome after Christ (A.D. 100–500):••Gospel of Christ••Persecution of early church:hhClaudian and Flavian emperors••Constantine the Great:hhEdict of Milan••Fall of RomehhUnderstanding why Rome fell149World History cont. p. 150

History & Geography Grade 7World History cont. red indicates NEW MATERIALThe Middle Ages & the Distortion of Christianity••Early church history (A.D. 100–500):hhNew Testament•• Early churchhhRise of Roman church and popeshhIslam versus Christendom (A.D. 600–1300):•• Mohammed and IslamhhEurope’s Crusades:hhChristendom and Islam: checks and balanceshhFrom empire to feudalism (A.D. 500–1500):hhCharlemagne and his empire:hhPapal stateshhTreaty of VerdunhhFeudalism••Age of Darkness (A.D. 500–1500):•• Distorted Christianity:hhDoctrines of the Roman churchhhScholasticism••• Holy Roman Empire• RenaissanceBeginning of the Modern Age•• Protestant Reformation (c. 1400–1600):••Forerunners of the Reformation••John Wycliffe and John Huss••Inquisition••Gutenberg and the printing presshhErasmus•• Martin Luther:hhLuther’s reformshhZwingli and CalvinhhAnabaptists and Mennonites•• Post-Reformation Europe (c. 1500–1700):hhPeasant’s RevolthhState churches: Peace of AugsburghhCounter-ReformationhhThirty Years’ War: Peace of Westphalia•• Seventeenth-century Europe:hhSwiss ConfederationhhFranks and Capetian Dynasty••English nation (c. 55 B.C.–A.D. 1689):••Alfred the Great••Norman Conquest:hhDomesday BookhhWitan and the Great Council••Plantagenet kings:hhHenry II, Richard I, JohnhhMagna Carta and ParliamenthhHundred Years’ War and Wars of the Roses••Henry VIII••Scottish and English Reformation••Elizabethan Age: Spanish ArmadahhGreat English Civil War••Restoration of the monarchyhhGlorious RevolutionhhAge of Exploration (1275–1865):••Time of discovery: Christopher ColumbushhEffects of the Crusades••New World: Vasco da Gama and Amerigo Vespucci••Other nations explore: Portugal, France, England••Asia’s mysterious land: India, China, and Japan••Modern missions••United States (1600–1914):••PilgrimshhPhilipp Spener••••••••• Wesleyan Revival and Great Awakening• War for Independence• Constitution of the United States• Expansion and progress• Rise as a world power• Revival and missions• France in the Modern Age (c. 1500–1850):• Huguenots:hhEdict of NanteshhReign of Louis XIVhhAge of Enlightenment: Voltaire, Montesquieu, and Rousseau•• French RevolutionhhRobespierre and Reign of Terror•• Napoleon Bonaparte:hhBattle of Nations and Battle of WaterloohhCongress of ViennahhJuly RevolutionProgress in the Modern Age••Science and industry in the Modern Age (c. 1500–1900):hhFailures of ancient and medieval science••Founders of modern science•• Darwin and evolution:hhUnderstanding evolution’s threat to science••• Agricultural advancement• Industrial Revolution:hhInventors and captains of industryhhTriumph of capitalismhhNew world of classics (16th–20th Century):hhAncient and modern classicshhMedieval musichhPost-Reformation music, art, and literature••British Empire: Asia, Africa, and Australia (1800–1921):••Victorian Age••British Empire:hhConflicts of England and Ireland••India and the Far East:hhSepoy Rebellion150World History cont. p. 151

History & GeographyWorld History cont.Progress in the Modern Age cont.• • Africa:hhSlave tradehhSamuel Adjai Crowther•• Australia and Canada:hhBritish North America ActhhChristianity and charityThe Twentieth Century•• World War I and the rise of Communism (c. 1900–1930):••Unification of Germany and Italy••World War I:hhBattles: Verdun, Sommé, JutlandhhTreaty of Versailles••Czarist Russia••Karl Marx and Communism:hhCapitalism, socialism, and Communism••Bolshevik Revolution••Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin:hhFive Year Plan••Soviet Union•• Before and during World War II (1920–1945):hhAnti-Christian philosophies••1920s and the Great Depression••Mussolini and Fascist Italy••Hitler’s Third Reich: the HolocausthhWorld War II:hhBattle of Britain••American involvement: Pearl HarborhhWar in AfricahhEuropean and Pacific TheaterhhCold War Era (1945–1991):••United Nations•• Communist takeover of China••Korean War:hh38th Parallel••Communist Cuba••Space Age••Berlin Wall:hhOperation Airlift••Modern Middle East: red indicates NEW MATERIALhhBalfour Declaration; independence for India and African nations•• Vietnam Conflict:hhGulf of Tonkin Resolution••Ronald Reagan••Gorbachev’s influence: perestroika and glasnost••Collapse of Soviet Union••Dawning of a new millennium:hhNew World Order••Persian Gulf War••Bill Clinton••NAFTAhhEuropean Union••South AfricahhChanges in technology••Toward globalism in the new millennium:••9/11 Attack: Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda••War on Terror:hhTerrorist groups••Exploding Asian economieshhIsraeli/Palestinian ConflicthhAdvancements in technologyhhEnvironmentalismPrayer TimehhLearn to pray for our nation and for government officialsGrade 7151

History & Geography Grade 8U.S. History Grade 8America: Land I Love presents American history from a conservative, biblical perspective: Godexalts nations and determines their course in human history. The text promotes the Bible as thecenter of God’s plan. History is the story of individuals to whom God has given the responsibility tomake choices.Unlike secular history textbooks which suggest that material things— economic conditions, geography,political circumstances, or genetics—are the main causes in history, America: Land I Love usesbiographical accounts to illustrate that history traces God’s working through people to accomplish Hiswill. Students will also be studying the geography of the Western Hemisphere and federal, state, andlocal government as part of this course. Knowledge of and familiarity with local offices and officials willencourage students to use the gift of political expression which is so easily taken for granted in America.Added Enrichment••Special feature boxes (52):••Give in-depth study of people and events ofhistory that have shaped the U.S.••Promote better understanding of U.S. history••Help students see lessons to be learned fromhistory and grasp key concepts of U.S. history••Lists: states and capitals, the U.S. Presidents••Maps correlating to text (30)Evaluation••Review quizzes (44)••Reading quizzes (31)••States and capitals quizzes (2)••Current event reports(33; each counts as quiz grade)••Geography studies(12; each counts as quiz grade)••Geography projects(18; each counts as quiz grade)••Tests (8), 9-weeks exam (2)••Semester exam, final exam••Civics Activity Book:••Study of national, state, and localgovernment as information isgathered to complete activities••Includes history, geography, andan overview of the Constitution red indicates NEW MATERIALExploration & Settlement in a New World••New World to explore (1492–1682):hhGod’s timing in discovery of America••Native American heritage••Christopher Columbus••Defeat of Spanish Armada•• Spanish and French exploration:hhRobert Cavalier de la SallehhSpanish and French legacy••First English colonies (1576–1620):••English exploration and settlement••Jamestown••Failure of socialism and benefits of free enterprisehhScrooby Congregation in Leyden••Pilgrims and Plymouth••Representative government:••House of BurgesseshhGeneral Court••Religious freedom••New colonies (1620s–1730s):••Advance of learning: Harvard College, Ole’ Deluder Satan Act••Missionary efforts:hhAlgonquin BiblehhMayhews••Life in Colonial America (1607–1775):hhNew England Confederation••King Philip’s War••Land of diversity in immigration, churches, and social classeshhAdvance of learning: schools, apprentices, and universities••Agriculture, landholdings, and slavery in the colonieshhContributions to sciencehhGovernment in the colonies••Preparation for independence (1730s–1766):••Great Awakening:hhHalf-way CovenanthhResults of Great Awakening••French and Indian War:hhSeven Years’ WarhhFundamental differences between the colonists and the English••British regulations on the colonists:hhQuartering Act, Declatory ActBirth of the United States••Home of the brave (1767–1783):••Conflict with England:hhTownshend ActshhCommittee of CorrespondencehhIntolerable Acts••Continental Congress:hhOlive Branch Petition••Declaration of Independence:hhRichard Henry Lee••War for Independence:hhHelp from EuropehhHaym Solomon, Molly Pitcher, Benedict Arnold,James ArmisteadhhBattle of King’s Mountain••Treaty of Paris••Land of the free (1783–1800):••Articles of Confederation and land expansion••Constitutional Convention:hhVirginia and New Jersey Plan, Connecticut Compromise••Structure and basis of American government:hhBalancing of powers152U.S. History cont. p. 153

History & GeographyU.S. History cont.Birth of the United States cont.•• Bill of Rights••Federalist Era••Presidencies of George Washington and John Adams:hhCabinethhRise of political partieshhJay Treaty and Pickney TreatyhhForeign affairshhConstitution of the United StatesBuilding an American Character•• From the Appalachians to the Rockies (1770–1828):••Daniel Boone••Northwest Territory:hhTreaty of Greenville•• Louisiana Purchase:hhZebulon Pike••War of 1812:hhImpressment and Embargo ActhhBattles: Tippecanoe, Lake Erie, Thames River, Horseshoe BendhhTreaty of Ghent•• Acquisition of FloridahhMissouri CompromisehhMonroe Doctrine••Jacksonian Era (1825–1842):••President Andrew Jackson: Trail of Tears, suffrage, and abolitionhhNational BankhhStates’ rightshhWhig PartyhhRelations with Britain••Blessings of technology (1825–1865):••Improved transportation and communication••Agricultural and industrial advancements••Christian influence on industry••Natural sciences:hhLouis Agassiz and James AudubonhhMedicine••Second Great Awakening and its impact (1770–1860):••Circuit riders and camp meetings••Charles Finney: Second Great AwakeninghhCults and false philosophies•• Evangelism among black and native Americans••Beginnings of American missions movementhhReform movements••Education and culture (1800–1858):••American textbooks: Blue-Backed Speller and McGuffey’s Reader••Traditional educationhhPublic education: Horace Mann’s normal schoolshhRomantic Era: schoolroom poets red indicates NEW MATERIAL••Promise of the West (1820–1850):••Exploration of the West:hhJedediah Smith and James Beckworth••Evangelism and settlement in the Pacific Northwest••Marcus Whitman and the Oregon Trail••California and the gold rush:hhBear Flag RevolthhWilliam Taylor•• Texas and the Mexican War:hhTreaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo••Mexican CessionTimes of Testing & Triumph••Civil War and Reconstruction (1848–1877):••States’ rights••Slavery:hhDred Scott Decision•• Abraham Lincoln••Civil War:hhNorth and South differenceshhAnaconda PlanGrade 8hhBattles: Shiloh, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville,Chickamauga, ChattanoogahhImportant people: Johnston, Farragut, McClellan, Stuart, Pickett,MeadehhFinancing the warhhReconstruction Era••Tuskegee Institute:••Booker T. Washington and George Washington Carver:hhSamuel C. Armstrong••Age of Industry (1865–1900):••Inventors: Bell, Edison, CarverhhWonders of technology: Brooklyn Bridge, Statue of Liberty,skyscrapershhCapitalism in medicine••Entrepreneurs:••Carnegie, RockefellerhhLyman Stewart••Gilded Age (1865–1900):hhImmigrationhhEvangelism and social reform••Settlement of the Great Plains:hhDawes Act, Homestead ActhhPopulist MovementhhArt of the Gilded Age••Growing into greatness (1898–1913):••Spanish-American War:hhVenezuelan Boundary Dispute, Delôme letterhhPlatt Amendment••U.S. territorial acquisitionshhTeddy Roosevelt and the Progressive Movement153U.S. History cont. p. 154

History & GeographyU.S. History cont.Times of Challenge & Promise•• Into the Twentieth Century (1914–1918):••World War I:••Selective Service ActhhBattles: Cantigny, Marne, Belleau Wood, St. Mihiel, ArgonneForesthhPeople: Pershing, Rickenbacker, YorkhhFourteen Points••Roaring Twenties:hhSports and literaturehhBilly Sunday and Prohibition••Evolution: Scopes trial••Presidents Harding and Coolidge:hhForeign affairshhCharles LindberghhhRise of big government (1929–1939):hhCause of the Great Depression: government interventionhhPresident Herbert HooverhhSuccess of private reliefhhPresident Franklin D. RoosevelthhNew Deal and rise of socialism in America••A world at war (1939–1953):••Steps to World War IIhhResults of socialism and evolutionary thought••World War II in Europe and Asia:hhLend-Lease ActhhWar effortshhDoolittle RaidhhFighting Red Tails••Spread of Communism in Eastern Europe••Cold War against Communism begins:hhTaft-Hartley Act••Korean War:hhPusan Perimeter••Time for freedom and responsibility (1950–1963):hhProgress and prosperity in the 1950s••President Dwight D. Eisenhower:hhMcCarthy Era red indicates NEW MATERIAL••Civil rights movementhhPresident John F. Kennedy and the New Frontier••Troubled times for America (1963–1979):hhRebellion in the 1960s••President L. B. Johnson and the Great Society:hhCivil Rights Act••Vietnam War:hhTet OffensivehhAmerica’s decline in the 1970s••Presidents Nixon, Ford, and Carter:hhSALT talks••Reagan Era and the ‘90s (1980–2000):••President Ronald Reagan:hhIran-Contra hearings••Conservative movement of the 1980s:hhThomas Sowell••End of Cold War••Persian Gulf War••President George Bush:hhGrowing national debt••President Bill Clinton:hhLiberal agendahhTerrorism threatens America:hhAtlanta’s Centennial ParkhhColumbine High School••America’s “Melting Pot”••A new millennium (2000–2005):hhLast acts of the Clinton Administration••Election 2000••President George W. Bush••“9/11” and the War on Terror:hhDepartment of Homeland Security••Operation Iraqi Freedom: Saddam Hussein••Election 2004:hhLaura BushPrayer Time• • Learn to pray for our nation and for government officialsGrade 8154

History & Geography Grade 9World Geography Grade 9World Geography presents a physical-cultural study of the earth and mankind from a conservative,Christian perspective. Basic to this perspective is the conviction that God is the Creator of the earthand of man. By applying to the study of geography their knowledge of the Creation, the Flood, thebeginning of nations at Babel, and God’s dealing with mankind throughout the ages, students canbetter understand the physical features of the earth as well as the cultures of its people.While most geography texts approach world geography from the globalist perspective, WorldGeography in Christian Perspective recognizes and discusses the national identities of individualcountries. Building on what students have previously learned, this text presents a deeper, morethorough study of the religions, languages, customs, historic backgrounds, resources, and industriesto expand the students’ knowledge of each continent, region, and country presented.Added Enrichment••Special feature boxes (75):•• Give in-depth look at the continent being studied••Present details about the vegetation and wildlife ofthe region••Show diversity of the country’s culture and spotlightthe history of the country••Look at heroes of the mission field•and strategic geography of a location••Maps correlating to text (30)• Explore the wonders of the world, concepts to consider,Evaluation••Reading quizzes (11)••Review quizzes (22; includes labeling 12 maps)••Map projects (8; each counts as quiz grade)••Current events (15; each counts as quiz grade)••Tests (4), mid-semester test (1)••Final exam red indicates NEW MATERIALIntroduction to GeographyhhThe earth:hhThe importance of understanding geography in the ChristianperspectivehhLocation and topographyhhWeather and climatehhNatural resources and wildlife:hhRenewable and nonrenewable resourceshhMankind:hhCulture and the Christian perspectivehhCultural characteristics: religion, language, forms of government,economic systemshhThe geographer’s craft: working with and understanding maps,statistics, charts, and graphsAsiahhMiddle East:hhFertile Crescent: Cradle of CivilizationhhArabian Peninsula: Al-Saud familyhhNorthern Plateaus and TranscaucasiahhCentral AsiahhSouthern Asia:hhIndian subcontinent: Hinduism, Mount Everest, BuddhismhhFar East:hhChinese sphere: Communism, Great Wall of China,Great Silk Road, TaiwanhhNortheast Asia: Korean WarhhSoutheast Asia: Vietnam War, Roman CatholicismEuropehhMediterranean Europe: Alexander the Great, Greek Orthodoxy,Mount Vesuvius, Vatican CityhhCentral Europe: Gauls, Franks, Protestant Reformation, Berlin WallhhThe Low Countries: Dutch, The Hague, European UnionhhThe British Isles: Angles, Normans, Church of England, Scottish Highlands,The British EmpirehhScandinavia: Lutheranism, geothermal energyhhEastern Europe: Ivan the Terrible, Bolshevik Revolution, USSR,Lech Walesa, John HussAfricahhNorthern Africa: Sahara, Maghreb, Sahel, French Sahel, SudanhhTropical Africa: Western, Central, and Eastern Africa, hunger anddiseasehhSouthern Africa: David LivingstoneAustralia, the Pacific, & AntarcticahhAustralia: Western Plateau, Central Lowlands, Eastern Highlands,Uluru Rock, Great Barrier Reef, Abel Tasman, Captain James Cook,Matthew Flinders, Australian Gold RushhhThe Pacific: Oceania, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Easter Island,Challenger DeephhAntarctica: Vinson Massif, Captain Robert F. Scott, Richard E. Byrd,Antarctic TreatyNorth AmericahhCanada: Leif Ericson, “New France,” Henry Hudson, AcadiahhUnited States: American Indians, independencehhMiddle America: Mexico, Central America, the West Indies155World Geography cont. p. 156

History & Geography Grades 9–10World Geography cont. red indicates NEW MATERIALSouth AmericahhNorthern Andean countries: Simón Bolívar, Auca Indians, José deSan Martín, Inca IndianshhBrazil and the Guianas: the Amazon, Pedro Cabral, environmentalismin the rain foresthhSouthern countriesPrayer Time••Learn to pray for our nation and for government officialsWorld History Grade 10World History and Cultures is written and taught from the Christian perspective. Basic to thisperspective is the conviction that God is the Creator of the universe and the Controller of history.Because the focal point of history is the birth of Christ, World History and Cultures takes the viewthat all history is either pointing toward the birth of Christ or looking back to it. Students study howGod used events before the birth of Christ to prepare the world for His coming. Then, after Hisbirth, they trace the impact of Christianity on the events of world history.The Christian perspective of World History and Cultures helps students see the sovereign hand ofGod in history, as well as the consequences of man’s choices. The Providence of God has guided historyfor His glory. Yet each person is free to choose whether to obey God and be used by Him, or todisobey and suffer the consequences. Thus world history also illustrates the truth of Proverbs 14:34:“Righteousness exalteth a nation: but sin is a reproach to any people.”Added Enrichment••Special feature boxes (56):••Provide a framework for understanding the conceptsin history••Explore language and writing through the ages••Give insight to the people and events of history••Maps correlating to text (84)Evaluation••Reading quizzes (30)••Review quizzes (40)••Geography map projects (8; each counts as quiz grade)••Current events (32; each counts as quiz grade)••Tests (8), 9-weeks exam (2)••Semester exam, final exam red indicates NEW MATERIALFoundations for Studying History•• Creation versus evolution••Capital punishment••Beginning of languages, nations, and races: Nimrod and BabelAsia and Africa: The Beginning of Civilization••Cradle of Civilization: Fertile Crescent and Mesopotamia(c. 2300–1800 B.C.):••Sumer:••Cuneiform, culture, civilization, education, architecture,trade, society, religionhhMathematics, governmenthhSettlements: Eridu, Uruk, UrhhGolden Age of Ur, Epic of Gilgamesh••Middle East (c. 1800 B.C.–A.D. 700s):••Old Babylonian Empire:••Hammurabi and the lawhhPlace-value notation, Babylonian Genesis••Hittite Empire••Assyrian Empire: Tiglath-pileser I, Nineveh••New Babylonian Empire: Nebuchadnezzar and Daniel••Persian Empire: Cyrus the Great, Darius I, and Xerxes I156••Israel: Patriarchs, Exodus, Moses, Decalogue, theocracy, David,and Divided KingdomhhHebrew and Arabic language••Rise of Islam: Byzantine Empire, Constantinople, and Mohammed••Missionary efforts:hhIon-Keith Falconer and Samuel Zwemer••Other Asian cultures (c. 2000 B.C.–A.D. 1800s):••India: Indus River, Hinduism, caste system, and Buddhism••Ancient Chinese dynastieshhChinese language••Japan: Shinto religion••Egypt—Gift of the Nile (c. 2300 B.C.–A.D. 1700s):••History and language: Herodotus and the Rosetta StonehhReligion: Book of the DeadhhThebes••Old, Middle, and New Kingdom••Other African cultures (c. 2300 B.C.–A.D. 1700s):hhLand of Phut and Cush••Ethiopia:••Kingdom of Aksum and Ethiopian Orthodox Church:hhPiankhi, Ebed-melechWorld History cont. p. 157

History & GeographyWorld History cont.Asia and Africa: The Beginning of Civilization cont.• • Early Christianity in North Africa: Simon of Cyrene, Tertullian,Clement of Alexandria, Athanasius, and Augustine••Other empires and kingdoms:••Ghana, Mali, Songhai, and Kongo:hhMansa Musa and King EwuareEurope: Beginnings of Western Civilization••Greece (c. 2000–30 B.C.):•• Minoans and Mycenaeans••Civilization: Homer, Greek gods, city-states, Olympics••Greco-Persian Wars:hhIonian Revolt, Battle of Plataea••Types of governmenthhDraco’s CodehhCourt of AreopagushhPeisistratus and Cleisthenes••Sparta and Athens: Peloponnesian War••Macedonia:••Alexander the GreathhBattle of Ipsus••Classical Greece:••Writing and philosophyhhHellenic Age, education and architecture, art and science••Hellenistic Age:hhStoics and EpicureanshhLanguage of the New Testament: Koine Greek••Rome (c. 753 B.C.–A.D. 476):••Early people:••Latins, Etruscans, Magna Graecia, Carthage, and GaulshhItalishhSociety: family, religion, education, and government••Punic Wars:••Hannibal and ScipiohhBattle of CannaehhCivil Wars: reforms of Gracchi••Pax Romana••Emperors:••Claudian, Flavian, “Five Good Emperors,” “BarracksEmperors,” DiocletianhhHadrian’s wall••Christian emperor: Constantine I••Fall of Rome:hhRomulus AugustulushhLegacy of Rome: language, literature, law••Early church history (A.D. 30–476):••Apostolic church: the New and Old TestamentshhPersecuted and imperial church••Byzantine Empire (c. A.D. 324–1453):hhAge of Justinian: Hagia Sophia, Justinian Code, andTheodorahhFall of ByzantiumhhByzantine contributions: Eastern Orthodox, Greek liturgy,Byzantine textGrade 10 red indicates NEW MATERIALThe Middle Ages: From the Ancient to theModern••Dark Ages (c. A.D. 500–1500):••Church of Rome:••Petrine Theory, Pope Leo I, Gregory IhhPatrick of Ireland••Doctrine of Romanism••Other teachings: John Wycliffe, Vulgate, Peter Waldo,Council of Toulouse••Charlemagne’s empire:hhDivision: Lothar, Charles, Louis••Lorraine••SaxonshhSalians, HohenstaufenshhInvestiture ControversyhhDecline of the papacy: Babylonian Captivity of the papacyand the Great Schism••Medieval culture (c. A.D. 500–1500):••Feudal society and chivalry••Crusades:••Check and balance resultshhBernard of Clairvaux, Frederick Barbarossa, PhilipAugustushhPre-Reformation Europe••Universities and scholasticism:••Thomas Aquinas and William of OckhamhhTrivium and quadrivium, scholasticism••Forerunners of the Reformation:••John Wycliffe, Roger Bacon, and John HusshhGerhard Groote and Savonarola••Italian Renaissance:••HumanismhhPetrarch, Boccaccio, Giotto••Johann Gutenberg: Gutenberg Bible••Rise of modern nations (c. 850–1300):••Ancient Britain: Stonehenge, Celts, Angles, Saxons, Jutes,and Beowulf••Alfred the Great••Norman Conquest:hhCharter of Liberties and Exchequer••Plantagenet kings:hhEleanor of Aquitaine, House of Lords, and House ofCommons••Hundred Years’ War, Wars of the Roses••Feudal France:••Hugh Capet and Estates-GeneralhhHouse of Valois••Spain:••Moorish culture, the Reconquista, Spanish InquisitionhhEl Cid, Antonio de Nebrija••Portugal:••Prince HenryhhAlfonso HenriqueshhAge of Exploration••Native civilizations: Arawaks, Mayas, Incas, and Aztecs••France: Northwest Passage157World History cont. p. 158

History & GeographyWorld History cont.The Reformation Era: The Modern Age Begins•• Protestant Reformation (c. 1517–1600):••Renaissance in Germany, England, and France:hhJohann Reuchlin, Philipp Melanchthon, John Colet, ThomasMoore••Martin Luther:••Charles V, Edict of Worms, popular educationhhKatharina von Bora••Switzerland:••Ulrich Zwingli, John Calvin, Conrad Grebel, AnabaptistshhGuillaume Farel••Post-Reformation Europe (c. 1517–1650):hhAugsburg Confession••Counter-Reformation:••The Inquisition, LoyolahhThe Index, Council of Trent••Reformation in the Netherlands: Council of Blood and Williamthe Silent••English Reformation:••Tudor rulers, Spanish ArmadahhAct of Supremacy, Lady Jane Grey••Scottish Reformation: Mary Stuart vs. John Knox••Reformation in France: Huguenots and St. Bartholomew’s DayMassacre••Thirty Years’ War:••Peace of WestphaliahhCount of Tilly, Albrecht WallensteinhhBattle of Lützen, results of Thirty Years’ War••Post-Reformation science and culture (c. 1517–1800):••Founders and progress of modern science••Classics: music and artThe Age of Ideas: Revolution, Revival, and Reform••France—road to revolution (c. 1640–1815):hhAge of Absolutism: War of the Spanish Succession•• Enlightenment:hhDiderothhReasons for the revolution: religious, economic, and socialturmoil••French Revolution••Reign of Terror:••Atheism, deismhhDirectory••Tyranny of Napoleon: Continental System, Battles of Leipzigand Waterloo••England and America: quest for freedom (c. 1600–1800):••James I: Puritans, Separatists, KJV, Jamestown, and PlymouthhhNational Covenant, Long Parliament, Grand Remonstrance••English Civil War:••Oliver CromwellhhRump Parliament, Battle of Marston Moor, Battle of Naseby,Treaty of Dover••Glorious RevolutionGrade 10 red indicates NEW MATERIAL••Pietism in Germany:••Philipp SpenerhhCount von Zinzendorf••Great Awakening in America: Jonathan Edwards and GeorgeWhitefieldhhAge of Reason: John Locke and David Hume••Wesleyan Revival: John and Charles Wesley••Rise of modern missions:••William Carey and Adoniram JudsonhhJohn Howard••French and Indian War••American War for Independence••Age of Industry (c. 1760–1900):••Protestant work ethic••Agricultural advancements: better use of land and tools••Industrial Revolution: Enclosure Movement and domestic andfactory system••Transportation and communications:hhGuglielmo MarconihhScience: Dalton, Faraday, Kelvin, Maxwell, Curie, Jenner••United States’ rise to power: capitalism and the Spanish-American War••Blessings of capitalism: John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie,J. P. Morgan, philanthropy, and Adam Smith••Victorian Era: England’s Age of Progress (1837–1901):••Great English statesmen: William Pitt the Younger and SirRobert Peel••Victorian England: William Gladstone and Benjamin Disraeli••China and Japan missions:hhTreaty of Amity and Commerce, Neesima••Christianity and charityhhBritish imperialism:••Crimean War and British North America Act••India: Sepoy Rebellion, William Carey and Amy Carmichael••Africa:••David Livingstone, Robert Moffat, and Samuel AdjaiCrowtherhhKhama••South Africa:••Afrikaners and Boer WarhhCecil Rhodes, Paul Kruger, Louis BothahhBeginning of Britain’s decline: Charles Darwin, Thomas HenryHuxley, Christian Socialists, Fabian Society, utilitarians, andmodernism••Unbelief and revolution in 19th-century Europe (c. 1800–1900):hhGerman philosophy and liberal Christianity: romanticism, idealism,relativism, dialectic thinking, “Higher Criticism,” modernists,and Darwinism••Age of Metternich••Revolutions of the 1830s: France, Belgium, and Central Europe••Revolutions of 1848: Louis Napoleon, Austria, and Germanstates••Franco-Prussian War:••Otto von Bismarck and Wilhelm IIhhThird French RepublichhRise of modern socialism158World History cont. p. 159

History & GeographyWorld History cont.Twentieth Century: A World at War•• World War I (1914–1918):••Road to war: spiritual decay••Fronts:••Eastern, western, Balkans, and ItalianhhPétain, von Ludendorff••Bolshevik Revolution••American involvement:••Lusitania and the Zimmermann NotehhWeimar RepublichhProvidence of God in History•• Aftermath of war: Wilson’s Fourteen Points, Treaty of Versailles,and League of Nations••Rise of Communism (1848–1939):••Roots of Communism: Karl Marx, dialectical materialism,bourgeoisie, proletariat, Frederich Engels, Communist Manifesto,Das Kapital••Early Russian history of the czars••Bolshevik Revolution: Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, RedGuards, Cheka••Lenin’s Russia:••Third International, new economic policy, USSRhhCentral Committee••Stalin’s Russia: Five-Year Plan, collectivization, genocidehhWhy Communism KillshhTwentieth-century liberalism (c. 1900–1940):hhDefining liberalism and conservatismhhLiberal pseudo-sciences and philosophieshhLiberalism in education versus traditional educationhhReligious liberalism: modernism, social gospel, andecumenismhhChristian witnesshhLiberalism and conservatism in the arts••Prosperity of the Twenties: Paris Peace Pact••Great Depression: easy credit, risky investment, and governmentinvolvement••World War II (1939–1945):••Ideologies and dictatorships••Aggressors on the march:hhMunich Pact, Siegfried and Maginot Lines••European Theater:••Battle of Britain, Winston Churchill, and Erwin RommelhhInvasion of Scandinavia••Invasion of Russia••American involvement:••Neutrality Act, Lend-Lease Act, Pearl Harbor, and D-DayhhPanay Incident••European Theater: Operation Torch, Italian Campaign••Key battles in the Pacific Theater:••Bataan Death March, Doolittle’s raid, Midway, Coral Sea,Guam, Saipan, Iwo Jima, Okinawa, and kamikazeshhBattle of the Java Sea, Guadalcanal, the Aleutians, theGilberts, the Marianas red indicates NEW MATERIAL••Manhattan Project:hhFermi, Teller, Oppenheimer••HolocausthhAftermath: wartime conferences••Cold War Era (c. 1945–1989):hhForming, framework, and failure of the UN••Communist subversion: Rosenbergs, Klaus Fuchs, andJoseph P. McCarthy••Response of the West:••Truman Doctrine, containment, Marshall Plan, and NATOhhWarsaw Pact••Fall of Nationalist China: Chiang Kai-shek, George C. Marshall,and Taiwan••Communist China:••Mao Tse-tung, cultural revolution, Red GuardshhFive-Year Plan••Korean War:••MacArthur vs. containmenthhInchon••International changes:••Communist CubahhSouth America: Isabel Perón and Salvador AllendehhAsia:hhConflicts in Israel, Lebanon, Iran, and Iraq••Conflict in India••Africa••Vietnam War:hhNgo Dinh DiemhhNuclear freeze movement••Space Age••Rise of conservatism in the West••Margaret Thatcher, Ronald Reagan, Falkland Islands,Reagan Doctrine, SDI:hhKAL 007, Chernobyl••Changes in Eastern Europe: perestroika, glasnost, Berlin Wallfalls, Poland, Hungary••Tiananmen Square Massacre••Rise of globalism (c. 1990s–present):••Persian Gulf War••Rise of Islamic terrorism: 9/11 attacks and Bush DoctrinehhPakistan and Kashmir••Changes in Western Europe:••Gordon Brown, Jacques Chirac, Angela MerkelhhMaastricht Treaty••Eastern Europe: Bosnia, Slobodan Milosevic, Kosovo, DaytonPeace Accords••Russia after the Cold War:••Boris Yeltsin, Dmitri MedvedevhhChechnyahhNorth Korea: Kim Jong Un••New leaders in African nations••Cuba and Raul CastroGrade 10159World History cont. p. 160

History & GeographyWorld History cont.Twentieth Century: A World at War cont.hhSouth America: Daniel OrtegahhCanada: Pierre Trudeau, Kim CampbellhhUnited States: GATT••Asia and the Pacific:•• JapanhhTaiwan and Lee Teng-huihhSouth Korea and Kim Young Sam•• Southeast Asia••Israel and the PLO:••Road map for peacehhOperation Defensive ShieldhhIntelligent Design••Bioethics••Environmentalism and globalismGrades 10–11 red indicates NEW MATERIALPrayer Time••Learn to pray for our nation and for government officialsU.S. History Grade 11The United States has attained a position of world stature hitherto unknown in the history of mankind.Therefore, it is of paramount importance that students study the history of such a nation tolearn why and how God has blessed it. United States History: Heritage of Freedom presents UnitedStates history from a Christian perspective. As a result, the spiritual thread which has always runprominently through United States history is carefully interwoven throughout the text with the facts,dates, and places that make up history. A thorough coverage of key historical events, reinforced bypictures, maps, and biographical sketches, helps to make the past come alive. After affirming theroots of American history in Europe, United States History: Heritage of Freedom traces the progressof America through its stages of colonization, independence, and growth to its emergence as a worldpower in the twentieth century.Added Enrichment••Special feature boxes (65):•• Emphasize the foundation of United States history••Highlight great influential Americans••Give facts about American symbols, details of historicalevents, and government concepts for a betterunderstanding of U.S. history••Important U.S. documents: The Declaration ofIndependence, Preamble to the Constitution, andLincoln’s Gettysburg Address••Lists: U.S. Presidents, states and capitals••Maps correlating to text (79) red indicates NEW MATERIALEvaluation••Reading quizzes (42)••Review quizzes (40; including 6 memorization quizzesover Preamble to Constitution, Gettysburg Address,states and capitals, and U.S. Presidents)••Editorials (33; each counts as quiz grade)••Tests (8), 9-weeks exam (2)••Semester exam, final examAmerica: Land of New Beginnings (1492–1775)•• Discovery and exploration:••Providence of God••Tribes of North America and ancient civilizations••Protestant Reformation••Exploration of New World:hhNew France sparsely populated••Thirteen original colonies:••Spiritual and political heritage of England:hhSir Martin Frobisher and “Northwest Passage”hhReligious, political, and economic reasons for colonization••Jamestown: failed common-store systemhhPolitical structure•• Plymouth: importance of the Mayflower Compact••Life in colonial America:••Diversity:••Immigration, churches, and governmentshhSocial classes••Industry and trade: triangular slave trade••Advance of learning:••Harvard College, Ole’ Deluder Satan Act, New England PrimerhhNewspapershhRelationship of church and stateBirth of a Nation (1660–1800)••Preparation for independence:••Great Awakening160U.S. History cont. p. 161

History & GeographyU.S. History cont.Birth of a Nation (1660–1800) cont.• • French and Indian War:hhAnglo-French conflictshhEnglish and French advantageshhBattle of Quebec••Fundamental differences between the colonists and the English••Conflict with England:••British regulations on the colonists and colonial reaction:hhNavigation Acts and regulations on industryhhEffects of the French and Indian War•• War for Independence:••American attempts at reconciliation and the British refusal: OliveBranch Petition, Prohibitory Act, and Hessians••Thomas Paine’s Common Sense••Declaration of Independence: influence of John Locke and WilliamBlackstonehhPatriot disadvantageshhPeople: St. Leger, Herkimer, Wayne, RochambeauhhBattle of Oriskany••Treaty of Paris••Critical Period and the Constitution (1776–1790):••Articles of Confederation:hhUnderstanding the weaknesses••Mount Vernon, Annapolis, and Constitutional Conventions:hhJonathan DaytonhhWilliam Paterson and New Jersey Plan••Federalists and Anti-FederalistshhHow the Constitution works••Federal system and implied powers••States’ rights with religious freedom:••Alexis de TocquevillehhIsaac Backus and John Leland••Federalist Era:••President George Washington: Judiciary Act of 1789••Loose and strict constructionhhMint Act of 1792••Federalists and Democratic-Republicans••French Revolution:hhCitizen Genêt••President John Adams: Department of the Navy••President Thomas Jefferson: 12th Amendment and the JudiciaryAct of 1801A Growing Nation (1800–1841)••Age of Jefferson (1800–1814):hhMarbury vs. Madison, the Burr ConspiracyhhLouisiana Purchase violates Jeffersonian principleshhTripolitan War••President James Madison:•• War of 1812hhResponsibilities of freedomhhNon-Intercourse ActhhFighting in CanadahhBenefits of War of 1812161••Nationalist Era:••President James Monroe and the Monroe Doctrine:hhPanic of 1819hhJohn Marshall’s Supreme Court••Westward Expansion and the Missouri Compromise:hhBonus Bill and American SystemhhRush-Bagot Agreement••President John Q. Adams and the Favorite Sons Election••Age of Jackson (1828–1841):••President Andrew Jackson:hhWebster-Hayne DebatehhForce Bill••President Martin Van Buren: Whig Party, Panic of 1837, and suffrage••President William Henry Harrison••President John Tyler:hhAroostook WarThe American Character (1790–1860)••Revival and missions:••“Age of Methodism”••Second Great Awakening:hhRichard AllenhhMission outreach organizations••Reform movements: abolition, temperance, and suffrage••Challenges to Christianity: unitarianism and transcendentalism••Education and technology:••American textbooks: Blue-Backed Speller and the Eclectic Readers••Public education: Horace Mann’s normal schools and traditionaleducation••Agricultural and industrial advancements:hhSamuel Slater, James Watt, and Oliver Evans••Improved transportation and communication:hhJohn Loudon McAdamhhNew social classes••Expansion to the Pacific:••Texas War for Independence••Oregon Territory: Jason Lee, Whitmans, and Spaldings••President James K. Polk••Mexican War:••Texas is annexed and the California Gold RushhhJohn SlidellExpansion and Conflict (1831–1877)••Slavery and secession:••Abolition movementhhWilmot Proviso••President Zachary Taylor:hhSeventh of March speech••President Millard Filmore••President Franklin Pierce:hhOstend ManifestoGrade 11 red indicates NEW MATERIALU.S. History cont. p. 162

History & GeographyU.S. History cont.Expansion and Conflict (1831–1877) cont.hhKansas-Nebraska Bill••Republican Party••President James Buchanan••Dred Scott Case••Lincoln-Douglas Debate:hhFreeport Doctrine••President Abraham Lincoln••South Carolina secedes••Civil War:••Key battles:••Ft. Sumter, Vicksburg, Antietam Creek, Fredericksburg,Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and Wilderness CampaignhhWar in the West••Emancipation Proclamation••Gettysburg Address••Confederate surrender at Appomattox Court HousehhFinancing the War: Trent affair and Alabama dispute••Reconstruction:••Lincoln’s reconstruction plan:hhWade-Davis Bill••President Andrew Johnson••Civil War amendments and reconstruction acts••Johnson impeached:hhTenure of Office Act••President Ulysses S. Grant••President Rutherford B. Hayes: Election of 1876 and Compromiseof 1877••Tuskegee Institute: Booker T. Washington and George WashingtonCarverThe Age of Industry (1865–1900)•• Nation on the move:••Transcontinental railroad:hhJames J. Hill and Jay Gould••Last Frontier:hhChisholm Trail••Oklahoma Land Rush••Plains Indians:hhWovokahhHelen Hunt Jackson and the Indian Reorganization Act••Triumph of free enterprise:••Agricultural progress:hhLuther Burbank and new legislationhhFactors of America’s prosperityhhBig business organizations••Threats to free enterprise: government regulations••Life in the “Gilded Age”:••Immigration to America:hhWilliam SpeerhhChinese Exclusion Act••Labor unions••Gay NinetiesGrade 11 red indicates NEW MATERIAL••Growing Christian influence:••Charles Jones Soong••Advances in reforms:hhEducation: Morrill Act and Chautauqua MovementhhTemperance Movement: Frances Willard••Literature in the late 19th century••Politics in the Age of Industry:••Trouble on the farm: Greenback Labor Party and the FreeSilver Movement••“Black Friday”hhPresidential Succession Act and Electoral Count Act••Expanding world influence:••Relations with foreign countries:hhEngland and the Treaty of WashingtonhhLatin America and the Organization of American States••New possessions••Spanish-American War••Philippines:hhTydings-McDuffie ActA New Century (1900–1940)••Progressive Era:••Advances in technology, transportation, and communication••President Theodore Roosevelt:••Business and labor: “trust-buster” and Panic of 1907hhNatural resources: Gifford PinchothhForeign affairs: Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty••President William Taft:hhPayne-Aldrich Bill••Progressive Party••State and local government changes:hhJoseph G. Cannon, recall, Presidential primary••World War I:••Steps toward war and beginning of war••United States’ involvement:hhSussex Pledge, National Defense Act••Wilson’s Fourteen Points, League of Nations, and Treaty ofVersailles:hhHenry Cabot Lodge••Roaring Twenties:••Postwar unrest:hhCommunist threats: Sacco-Vanzetti case••Washington Conference for Limitations of ArmamentshhFordney-McCumber TariffhhDawes Plan and Young PlanhhMcNary-Haugen Bill••Liberalism: social gospel and new thought patterns••Darwinism and the Scopes trial:hhResults of the Scopes trialhhFundamentalists: Warfield, Gray, Dixon, Meyer, Gaebelein••Depression and the New Deal:••President Herbert Hoover••Causes of the Great Depression:hhSuccess of private relief versus government interventionhhForeign affairs: Hawley-Smoot Tariff162U.S. History cont. p. 163

History & Geography Grade 11U.S. History cont. red indicates NEW MATERIALA New Century (1900–1940) cont.•• President Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal:••Relief, recovery, and reform••Repeal of Prohibition••Failure of the New DealThe Global Age (1940–Present)•• World War II:••Road to war:••Disarmament failure and religious unbeliefhhGeneva Conference••Rising dictatorships••Unchecked aggression and failure of the Munich Pact••American involvement:••Lend-Lease Act and Pearl HarborhhAmerica First Committee••European and Pacific theaters: D-Day, Doolittle’s Raid, V-EDay, and V-J Day••Manhattan Project••Holocaust••United Nations••Years of strength and stability:••President Harry S. Truman and the Fair Deal:hhG.I. Bill of Rights and Internal Security Act••Communist subversion: McCarthy trials••Cold War:••“Iron Curtain,” Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, NATOhhJapanese Peace Treaty Conference••Korean War: failure of containment••President Dwight D. Eisenhower and the Eisenhower Doctrine••Space race: Sputnik I and NASA••Civil rights: Martin Luther King, Jr.; Rosa Parks; and JackieRobinson••President John F. Kennedy••Communist Cuba: Bay of Pigs and Cuban Missile Crisis••Troubled times:••President Lyndon Baines Johnson: “The Great Society” and1964 Civil Rights Act••Vietnam War and Communist sympathizers••Moon landing••Cultural revolution: Roe vs. Wade••President Richard M. Nixon: Kent State, 26th Amendment,and Watergate••Middle East: Yom Kippur War and OPEC••President Gerald R. Ford and the fall of Saigon••President Jimmy Carter: Panama Canal Zone, Camp DavidPeace Accord, and Iran hostages••Reagan Era:••President Ronald Reagan: Moral Majority, “Reaganomics,”and the Reagan Doctrine••President George H. W. Bush••Foreign policy: Tiananmen Square, Manuel Noriega, NelsonMandela, and apartheid••Collapse of the Soviet Union: fall of the Berlin Wall••Persian Gulf War••President Bill Clinton:••NAFTA and the PLOhhNewt Gingrich and “Contract with America”hhBudget debate••Immigration boom: “Melting Pot” versus multiculturalism••America enters the new millennium:••President George W. Bush and the 2000 election••9/11 attack:••Why America was attacked, security vs. libertyhhPatriot Act••Bush Doctrine, Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom••Bioethics: stem cell research and cloning••Neo-conservatism:••“One World Order”hhIrving KristolhhRise of conservative talk radio••Intelligent Design••Cultural decay:hhLawrence vs. TexashhEuthanasiahhRoy Moore••Globalism and environmentalism: Earth Charter, globalwarming, Kyoto Protocol, and flex fuels••President Barack ObamaPrayer Time••Learn to pray for our nation and for government officials163

History & Geography Grade 12American Government Grade 12American Government in Christian Perspective seeks to give students a clear understandingof the historical and philosophical elements that make the United States a unique nation. Onlywhen students fully understand these foundational elements will they be able to love andappreciate our republic. American Government in Christian Perspective traces the roots ofour political institutions and examines the Constitution itself. Through a clear explanation ofthe legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government, students learn how a republicactually functions. Students will also study state and local government and be better ableto understand their local systems, which will in turn develop a better understanding of and agreater appreciation for American philosophy and ideology.Added Enrichment••Special feature boxes (44):•• Give better understanding of:••Foundations of American liberty••Operation of opposing government systems••Symbols of American government••Concepts of American government••Highlight those who have helped shape American governmentthrough their writings and biographical sketches••Important U.S. documents: the Constitution of the UnitedStates, the Declaration of Independence, and the Articlesof Confederation••State and Local Government (5 sections)••Helps students understand the state and local governmentby completing the study outline for their stateEvaluation••Reading quizzes (15)••Review quizzes (19); (includes memorization quizzes for “TheStar-Spangled Banner,” the Preamble to the Constitution, andfour Scripture passages totaling 15 verses)••Current events (14; each counts as quiz grade)••Patriotic project (counts as test grade)••Tests (4), 9-weeks exam (1)••Final exam red indicates NEW MATERIALFoundations of American GovernmenthhAmerica—a unique nation:hhMiracle of America:hhA blessed nationhhAmerican characterhhNeed for vigilancehhAmerican SymbolshhPatriotism versus nationalismhhGovernment under God:hhFoundations of civil government: nature of governmenthhForms of government:hhTheocracy and human governmentshhConstitutional RepublichhCommunismhhChristians and government:hhChristian’s response and responsibilities to governmenthhCharacter and governmenthhShaping of the American republic:hhEnglish heritage:hhBible and Christianity in EnglandhhEnglish common law and governmenthhStruggle for libertyhhEnglish tradition takes root in America:hhCompacts, colonies, and chartershhColonial law and governmenthhLocal governmenthhSteps toward unity:hhSpiritual revival in the colonieshhEarly efforts at political unionhhA nation is born:hhSteps toward independencehhIndependence declaredOur Constitutional Republic:A Study of the U.S. ConstitutionhhConstitution of the United States:hhFrom Plymouth to Philadelphia:hhRoots of America’s ConstitutionhhArticles of ConfederationhhNew Constitution adopted:hhConstitutional Convention, 1787hhBundle of compromiseshhFederalists and Anti-federalistshhMain features of the Constitution:hhSupreme law of the landhhRights and responsibilities of the American peoplehhRepublican and limited governmenthhCongress—legislative branch:hhStructure of Congress:hhCongressional houses and leadershiphhConstitutional qualificationshhProcedures within Congress: process, pay, privileges, and penalties164American Government cont. p. 165

History & GeographyAmerican Government cont.Our Constitutional Republic:A Study of the U.S. Constitution cont.hhCongressional Responsibilities:hhLawmaking and the processhhRepresentation and oversighthhPowers of Congress that they can and cannot exercisehhPresident—executive branch:hhPresident and the Constitution: creation, term, tenure, qualifications,succession, and compensationhhPresident’s leadership: constitutional powers and God-givenauthorityhhVice PresidenthhRoles of the President: Chief of State, Commander in ChiefhhPresident’s team:hhWhite House officehhOffice of Management and BudgethhOther advisory bodieshhBureaucracy of the executive branch:hhFrom patronage to a merit systemhhGrowth of the bureaucracyhhOrganization of the bureaucracy:hhExecutive departmentshhAgencieshhGovernment corporationshhPower of the bureaucracy:hhSeparation of powershhLegacy of expanding bureaucracyhhReform of the bureaucracy: shrinking the bureaucracy andreducing discretionary authorityhhFederal Courts—judicial branch:hhConstitutional and legislative courts: nominating federal judgesand justiceshhJudicial process:hhCivil and criminal caseshhProcedure in a trial court and an appeals courthhSupreme Court:hhJudicial review: Marbury vs. MadisonhhLegal road to the Supreme CourthhCourt in sessionhhChanging role of the Court: Earl WarrenhhBill of Rights and other amendments:hhBill of Rights:hhBackground of the Bill of RightshhOur civil rights and responsibilitieshhOriginal meaning of separation of church and statehhOther amendmentshhImportance of various court casesOur Federal RepublichhAmerican Federalism:hhFederalism definedhhFounders’ choice red indicates NEW MATERIALhhConstitution and federalism: dividing power and fulfillingobligationshhHistory of federalism: rise of central power:hhDual, cooperative, and coercive federalismhhFederalism today:hhStates and the Supreme CourthhStates and Congress: the 10th amendmenthhStates and local government:hhFifty individual states:hhState constitutions and the federal ConstitutionhhChanging states constitutionshhFunctions of state governmenthhState executive officershhState legislators:hhTerms, sessions, and apportionmenthhQualifications, elections, compensation, and personnelhhPowers of the state legislaturehhOfficers and organization of the state legislaturehhLegislative processhhVoter participation in the lawmaking processhhState courtshhLocal government: county, New England town, township,and municipal governmenthhFinancing state and local governmenthhAmerican citizen in action—making a difference:hhUnited States citizen:hhCitizenship definedhhCitizenship by birth and naturalizationhhCitizen and his government: elected and appointedhhPolitical participation in America:hhCitizen and the military, voting process, political party,interest group, public opinion, and news mediahhOther forms of political actionhhCitizen and his character: importance of righteousness in thepreservation of the nationPrayer Time••Learn to pray for our nation and for government officialsGrade 12165

®17465301THIRDEDITIONHistory & Geography Grade 12Economics Grade 12´1NU!d¨Work & Prosperity Work & Prosperityin Christian Perspective Russell KirkThe purpose of Economics: Work and Prosperity is to teach basic economic principles and togive students a clear understanding of free-enterprise capitalism, individual moral responsibility,and the biblical work ethic from a conservative Christian perspective. This course emphasizesGod’s Word as the one standard for man’s thoughts and actions and encourages man’s dependence upon God rather than upon government. It stresses acceptance of moral responsibilityand accountability to God and man. Finally, this course strengthens the link between economicfreedom and the political and individual freedoms Americans enjoy.Added Enrichment••Special feature boxes (27):••Emphasize the importance of responsibility ineconomics••Highlight people that have had positive and negativeinfluence on economics••Include illustrations of the success of capitalism,comparison and contrasts of different economies, andrelationships of economics and governmentEvaluation••Reading quizzes (18)••Review quizzes (17)••Current events (18; each counts as quiz grade)••Research paper (1; counts as test grade)••Tests (4), 9-weeks exam (1)••Final exam red indicates NEW MATERIALEverybody’s EconomicshhWhy bother about economics?hhBuilding an economy: the Pilgrims at PlymouthhhEconomists and the language of economicshhEverything has to be worked forhhGoods, wants, and needshhGoods for production and goods to use uphhWhat makes goods valuable?Economists & Economic LawshhFirst principles of economicshhEarly economic historyhhAdam Smith and The Wealth of NationshhWays to prosperityFactors of ProductionhhProsperity does not grow on treeshhFactors of natural resources, labor, capital, and entrepreneurshiphhAchieving economic prosperityLaws of Supply & DemandhhValue of goodshhMarginal utility and valuehhBasic laws of supply and demandhhSupply and demand in balancehhGovernment and economic lawsProductive Market EconomyhhMarket signalshhContrasting economic systemshhProfits and productivityGood That Competition DoeshhHealthy competitionhhPerfect competitionhhMonopolies and monopolistic competitionhhOligopolieshhCompetitive encouragement in the free marketEfficiency of ProductionhhSource of efficiencyhhTotal cost and efficiencyhhDivision of laborhhScale of productionhhAbsolute and comparative advantagehhGeographic specialization and tradeWhy Everybody Needs to SavehhFables in support of savingshhSaving in Old Egypt and in modern countrieshhRewards of savinghhWise and foolish savinghhMany forms of savinghhSavings in stocks, bonds, and mutual fundshhCompulsory saving166Economics cont. p. 167

History & GeographyEconomics cont.What Money Is Good ForhhThree functions of moneyhhMetallic and paper moneyhhMoney supplyhhThe Treasury, Federal Reserve, and commercial bankshhUse and abuse of moneyGovernment & the EconomyhhPurpose of governmenthhGovernment and macroeconomicshhGovernment’s potential danger to economicshhAmerican government and economicsSuccesses & Difficulties in the Market EconomyhhAchievements of the market economyhhBusiness cycleshhInflationhhSelfishness and envy red indicates NEW MATERIALPromise & Performance in the Command EconomyhhGoals, tours, and permanent problems of a command economyhhInfiltration of socialismLook at the Global EconomyhhGrowth of the global economyhhGlobal issues in perspectiveCheerful View of Our Economic FuturehhRefuting the prophets of doomhhKilling the goose that lays the golden egghhBuilding the moral foundation of economicsPrayer Time••Learn to pray for our nation and for government officialsGrade 12167

ScienceScience: Order & Design Grade 7Grade 7Many life science textbooks study the “simple” cell as the origin of life and discuss the “evolution” of lifethrough the plant and animal worlds. Science: Order & Design uses a different approach.This life science text begins with the more complex plant world and human anatomy and physiology.Evolutionary hypotheses are discussed and discarded as unscientific. Similarities between man and animalsare explored and proved to be the result of a common Designer, laying a biblical foundation of origins.A look at the complexity of the “simple” cell, the basis of all life, emphasizes the hand of the Creator in itsdesign. A study of ecology shows God’s providential design in the relationships between living things andtheir environments.Added Enrichment••Feature boxes with activities, puzzles, extrainformation, hands-on investigations for theclassroom and at home••Short articles highlighting God’s design inCreation (93)••Challenging homework questions to provokethinking more deeply about concepts taught (69)••Thought-provoking review exercises (7)••Highlighted fun facts (127)••Review activities to prepare for tests (38) red indicates NEW MATERIALEvaluation••Reading quizzes (18)••Review quizzes (40)••Insect collection (counts as 3 quiz grades)••Science project background paper andinvestigation plan (counts as test grade)••Tests (8), 9-weeks exam (2)••Semester exam, final examIntroduction to Life SciencehhIntroduction of basic terms: biology, organism, divisions of biology,respiration, excretionhhSymmetry in living things••Observing nature: how to set up an observation notebook andobservation kit••Overview of environments: meadow, woodlands, freshwater, and marinehhScientific method:hhSix-step processhhExplains process of the experimental methodhhDifferentiate hypotheses, theories, and scientific lawshhDifferentiate experimental and control groups, constants andvariablesPlants•• Purpose and design of flowers:••Functions and structures of flowers:hhStyle, anther, filament, receptacle••Pollination and fertilization:••Process, provisions for fertilization, results, development:hhSperm cell, egg cell, embryo, endosperm, plumule, radicle••Seed dispersal:••FruithhMechanical and agent dispersal••Germination:••RequirementshhProcess••Plant life expectancies:hhAngiosperms vs. gymnosperms••Familiar flower families:hhButtercup, mint, honeysuckle, parsley, milkweed, and amaryllisfamilieshhFlower arrangements: spikes, umbels, racemes••Monocots vs. dicots••Leaf structure and arrangement:•• MarginshhLeaf arrangement, simple or compound leaves, venation168••Photosynthesis and respiration:••Structures, process, chemicalshhProducers vs. consumers; uses of glucose••Vascular system:••RootshhVegetative reproductionhhXylem, phloemhhPrimary vs. secondary growthhhOsmosis in plantshhCapillarityhhTranspirationHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyhhOutward divisions: head, trunk, appendages•• Cardiovascular system:hhArterioles, venuleshhBlood flow through veinshhPericardiumhhPulmonary, coronary, and systemic circulation••Respiratory system:hhNasal cavity, pleura••Digestive system:hhEnzymes, peristalsis, duodenum, rectum, feces••Excretory system:hhUrinary system, ureters, urethra••Lymphatic system:hhNeutrophils, macrophages, phagocyteshhMain types of lymphocytes••Integumentary system:hhAdipose••Skeletal system:hhAxial and appendicular skeletonhhMaxillary bones, mandiblehhPelvishhHinge joint, pivot joint, ball-and-socket jointhhFracture repairScience: Order & Design cont. p. 169

ScienceScience: Order & Design cont.Human Anatomy & Physiology cont.••Muscular system:hhLargest body system by weight•• Nervous system:hhImpulses••Endocrine system:hhGland defined, parathyroid glands, epinephrinehhTypes of diabetes mellitushhReproductive system: eggs, spermhhTissue types••Prenatal growth and development:•• Pictures and detailed descriptions of development at weekly intervals:hhConception, fertilization, uterusA Healthy Life•• Proper nutrition:••Carbohydrates, fiber, protein, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water:hhAmino acids, lipids•• Exercise:hhAnaerobic••Aerobic, training heart rate, benefits••Rest••Outward appearance: cleanliness, grooming, sun exposure, acne,dental care••Introduction to disease:••Bacteria, viruses••InfectioushhNoninfectious, congenitalhhSpread of pathogens••Common diseases:••Common cold, allergieshhCardiovascular disease, cancer••Substance abuse:••Medications, abuse••Dependence, withdrawal••Narcotics, hallucinogens, stimulants, depressantshhEmotions: adolescence••Spiritual health: Bible study and prayerCreation & SciencehhDesign in nature: introduction, history, and evidence of designhhHomology: similar structureshhInformation in living things: complexity, DNA, mutationshhNatural selection: kind, speciation vs. macroevolution, specificexampleshhThree views of life: “tree of life”—evolution, “lawn view,” “orchardview”—Creation sciencehhA Christian’s faith: what I believe and whyhhHistory of science:hhMaterialism, Aristotle, Middle AgeshhGeneral and special revelationhhProtestant ReformationhhThe Bible and science: advances in modern life sciencehhLaw of biogenesis: experiments by Redi and PasteurhhWorld views and science: ordered or accidental, who determinestruth, faith169 red indicates NEW MATERIALhhDevelopment of modern evolutionary thought: Darwin, Lyell,uniformitarianism, missing linkshhEvolution as a retreat from true science:hhChemical evolution, evolutionary relationshipshhRecapitulation, vestigial organs, mutationshhEvolution of horses, whales, humanshhMutations: most are harmful or deadly, gradualism, punctuatedequilibriumBiological Classification•• Pioneers in classification: John Ray and Carolus Linnaeus••Classification system:••Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species, scientific namehhSix-kingdom systemhhClassifying the plant kingdom—with and without vascular systems(tracheophytes and bryophytes)••Classifying the animal kingdom—with and without backbones(vertebrates and invertebrates)Mammals••Characteristics of mammals:hhFour-chambered heart••Hair, mammary glands, endoskeleton, warm-bloodedhhOrders of placental mammals: 16 orders taught with more than 90specific example animalshhMarsupials: mammals with pouches••Egg-laying mammals—monotremes••Endangered animalsBirds•• Internal anatomy:••Skeletal and muscular systemshhRespiratory, cardiovascular, and digestive systems••• Senses:• Sight, hearinghhSmell••• Feathers:• Flight and down feathers, structure, preeninghhContour feathers, growth, moltinghhFlight: motions, types of flight••Behavior:••Audible communicationhhVisual communication•• BathshhDusting, anting, mobbing, running, migration••Courtship, egg laying, nesting, incubation•• Identifying features: wings, tails, bills, feet, field markshhGroups: perching, birds of prey, water, game, tropical, flightlessFish, Reptiles, & Amphibians (cold-blooded)•Grade 7• Fish anatomy and groups:••External and internal structures of bony and cartilaginous fish:hhTypes of fins, types of scales, myomereshhCirculatory, digestive, excretory, nervous, and reproductive systems••Reptile anatomy and groups:••External and internal structures, and characteristics:hhLizard and snake groups, snake movement, snake venom, tuatarasScience: Order & Design cont. p. 170

ScienceScience: Order & Design cont.Fish, Reptiles, & Amphibians (cold-blooded) cont.hhDinosaurs and similar creatures: descriptions of various types•• Amphibians:hhAnatomy••Metamorphosis••Salamanders, frogs, and toadshhSalamander life cycles, estivationhhCaecilians (limbless amphibians)Insects & Other Arthropods•• Common characteristics of arthropods:••Basic common traits:hhOpen system of circulation••Jean-Henri Fabre—entomologist••Insect anatomy and life cycles:••Complete and incomplete metamorphosishhStructure of compound eyes••Insect orders:hhDetailed description and examples for each order••Coleoptera (sheathed wings), Hemiptera (half-wing)••Homoptera (same wings), Diptera (two wings)••Orthoptera (straight wings), Odonata (toothed)hhNeuroptera (nerve wings)•• Hymenoptera (membrane wings), Lepidoptera (scale-wing)hhInsects and man: helpful and harmful characteristics of insects••Crustacean anatomy and orders (aquatic arthropods):hhCommon anatomy••Orders:•• Decapoda (ten feet)hhAmphipoda (both legs), Copepoda (one eye), Branchiopoda(gill feet)••CirripediahhEuphausiacea (shining bright)••Isopoda (equal feet), includes wood lice••Arachnid anatomy and groups:••Details of common anatomy••Spiders, harvestmen (daddy longlegs), scorpionshhPseudoscorpions••Mites, ticks••Centipedes and millipedes: comparison and contrast of traitsMicrobiology•• Cell theory: introduction to the cell, Robert Hooke••Cell structure:••Basic structures and functions:hhPlant cell structure and differences from human and animal cells••Algae:••Characteristics and types:hhClassification; volvox, spirogyra••Fungi:••Characteristics and types:hhClassificationhhRusts, smutshhYeast reproduction red indicates NEW MATERIAL••Protozoa:••Leeuwenhoek, sarcodines, ciliateshhFlagellates, sporozoa, vorticella, stentorhhBacteria: eukaryotes and prokaryotes, examples of helpful and harmfulbacteriaForestry•• Tree groups:••Basic traits of angiosperm and gymnosperm trees:hhCycads, ginkgoes••Tree structure:••Details of roots, stems, branches, and leaves:hhBark and wood as vascular tissuehhPithhhBud structure and typeshhNodes and lenticelshhSun and shade leaves, leaf pigmentshhLocations of American forests: introduction and geographicaldescription of North American forestshhBranches of forestry: introductory concepts regarding forestryhhFunctions and resources of forestshhUsing forests: harvesting methods and renewing the resources•• Notable tree species: details and characteristics of 24 types of NorthAmerican treeshhForest conservation: Theodore Roosevelt, sustainability, reforestation,forest fires, disease, insectsEcologyGrade 7hhFactors in an ecosystem:hhOverview of factors affecting an ecosystemhhTolerance vs. optimum rangehhLimiting factorhhCarrying capacityhhBiodiversityhhBiogeochemical cycleshhLevels of ecology: biosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere,community, populationhhTypes of biomes:hhOverview of traits and communities of:hhTundra, boreal forest, temperate deciduous foresthhGrassland, tropical rainforesthhAquatic biomeshhNutrition types: traits and types of producers and consumers:••Food chainshhTrophic levelshhFood webshhSpecial nutritional relationships: predation, symbiosis, competition,and neutralismhhDominion and stewardship: role of man in the environment, biblicalstewardshiphhDangers of modern environmentalism: bias, pantheism••Biblical conservation:h h Bible examples170

ScienceScience: Earth & Space Grade 8Grade 8Science: Earth and Space lays a foundation for future study of the nonliving world. The text begins “from theground up,” starting with soil science and geology. Students learn how geology and the fossil record supportthe biblical record of a worldwide Flood—not the hypotheses of evolution.The exploration of the seas includes studying currents, tides, and ocean floor. An investigation of theatmosphere and processes that cause weather includes overviews of several weather phenomena and ofmeasuring and forecasting the weather.The solar system, stars, and galaxies are examined as the creation of God; evolutionary hypothesesof solar-system formation are briefly discussed and shown to be scientifically unsound. Students learnabout man’s study and use of astronomy, including an overview of manned and unmanned spaceflight.The text concludes with a study of environmental issues, thus teaching students to be good stewards ofthe natural resources God has provided.Added Enrichment••Feature boxes with activities, extra information,hands-on investigations for the classroom andat home••Short articles highlighting God’s design increation (5)••Challenging homework questions designed toprovoke thinking more deeply about conceptstaught (53)••Thought-provoking review exercises (53)••Highlighted fun facts (142)••Review activities to prepare for tests (28) red indicates NEW MATERIALEvaluation••Reading quizzes (23)••Review quizzes (36)••Science project with background paper,investigation plan, experimentation, andoral presentation (counts as 2 quiz grades and2 test grades)••Tests (8), 9-weeks exam (2)••Semester exam, final examIntroduction to Science•• Using the scientific method:••Three main components: hypothesizing, observation, experimentation••Six stepsPedology: Soil Science•• Characteristics of soil:••Organic and mineral materials, humus••Topsoil, subsoil, bedrockhhTexture: sand, silt, clay, loamhhColors: Munsell chartshhSoil pH: pH scale••Soil nutrients—nutrients and primary plant food elements:hhFertilizer composition: phosphates, nitrogen, potassiumhhNitrogen:hhNitrogen cycle, nitrogen compoundshhNitrogen-fixing bacteriahhNitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteriahhPhosphorus: cell division, growth, plant maturityhhPotassium: general health of plant and disease resistance••Air and water in the soil:hhGround air: pore spaces•• Ground water:hhSaturated, water table, artesian well•• Aquifer, capillarityGeology•• Structure of the earth:••Introduction to geology: defined••Crust—outer layer:••Covered with sedimenthhOxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron171••Mantle—middle layer:hhSeismic waves, upper mantle, transition zone, lower mantle••Moho•• Core:••Outer and inner corehhCore-mantle boundary••Movements of crust:••Plates, plate tectonicshhLithospherehhDevelopment of plate tectonics theoryhhRelationship of plate tectonics to biblical recordhhPangaea, types of faults and foldshhMountains: volcanic, domed, folded, fault-block•• Earthquakes:••Earthquakes and tremors:••Tectonic earthquakes, tsunamis, aftershocks••Seismology, faulting, elastic rebound theory••San Andreas Fault, focus epicenterhhEarthquake waves: P waves, S waves, surface wave, seismograph,seismogram, locating an earthquake’s epicenter••Earthquake zones: circum-Pacific belt, Alpide belt••Earthquake strength:hhModified Mercalli Scale••Richter magnitude scalehhMoment magnitude scalehhStudying earthquakes:hhProvide information about earth’s interiorhhSan Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth••Reducing earthquake damage:hhFixed-base, base-isolated, and energy-dissipating systemsScience: Earth & Space cont. p. 172

ScienceScience: Earth & Space cont.Geology cont.•• Volcanoes:••Magma, magma chamber, conehhVolcanology•• Types of volcanoes: cinder-cone, shield, composite, active, dormant,extinct••Location of volcanoes: Ring of Fire••Volcanic eruptions and ejecta:hhTypes of lava••Pyroclasts:•• Volcanic ash, lapilli, volcanic blocks, volcanic bombshhDifference between volcanic blocks and volcanic bombs,pyroclastic flows••Volcanic structures:••CalderashhLava tunnelshhIgneous intrusions: dikes, sills, laccoliths, batholiths••Introduction to minerals:••Study of minerals:••Mineralogy, crystalshhGroups of minerals (halides, sulfides, sulfates, oxides, carbonates,phosphates, silicates); faces••Identifying minerals:••Surface color, streak color, luster, hardness, Mohs scale••Cleavage, acid testhhSpecific gravity, special properties (fluorescence, phosphoresence)••Notable minerals:••Metals:••Ore, useful metalshhMetallurgy, Bayer process, Hall-Héroult process••Iron, alloy, precious metalshhBlast furnace, direct iron reduction••Gemstones:••Precious stones, diamond pipes, semiprecious stoneshhSimulant and synthetic gemstoneshhMethods of synthesizing: flame fusion process, pulled method,hydrothermal synthesis••Rocks—petrology:••Igneous rocks:••Intrusive and extrusive rock••Coarse-grained, fine-grainedhhPorphyritic (mixed-textured), amorphous, porous••Sedimentary rocks:hhConcretions, stratum, law of superposition••Mechanical sediments:••Conglomerate rockhhClastic sedimentary rock••Chemical sediments:hhPrecipitate, evaporites, salt domes••Organic sediments:••Fossil fuel, types of coal, bitumen, surface mining••Underground mining:hhLongwall, continuous, and retreat mining••Metamorphic rocks:••Metamorphism:hhContact and regional metamorphism red indicates NEW MATERIAL••Foliated and nonfoliated rockshhCharacteristics of metamorphic rocks••Weathering:••Physical weathering:hhIce wedging, exfoliation••Chemical weathering:hhCauses, rate••Erosion:••Erosion by rain:hhRunoff, sheet erosion••Gullying••Erosion by rivers:hhHeadwaters, load, river system, drainage basin, drainage dividehhTributary, floodplain, levees, meanders, oxbow lake, alluvial fan••Erosion by groundwater:••Caverns, stalactite, stalagmite, column, sinkholehhDripstone, karst••Erosion by the sea:••Beaches, sea caveshhBars, barrier islands, promontories, sea cliff, sea arches, sea stack••Erosion by glaciers:hhContinental glaciers, ice caps, valley glaciers, crevasseshhCirque, arête, horn, fjord, striae, till, moraine, drumlinshhOutwash, kettles, Ice AgehhErosion by wind:hhAeolian processes, deflation, sand and dust storms, sand duneshhCrescentic, parabolic, and transverse duneshhAbrasionhhErosion by gravity:hhMass wasting, soil creep, mudflowshhAvalanche, landslides, rockfall••Preventing erosion:••TerracinghhStrip-cropping, breakwatersInterpreting the Fossil Record•• Conflicting views of the beginning:••Special creation, evolution:hhBig bang, theistic evolutionhhLimitations of geology: principle of uniformityhhGeology and the Genesis Flood•• Uniformitarianism: Charles Lyell, problems with, Charles DarwinhhCatastrophism: Georges Cuvier••Paleontology:••Fossil formationhhGeologic column:hhEons, eras, periods, epochs, index fossilshhImaginary arrangement, circular reasoning, anomalieshhRadiometric dating: carbon-14 datinghhBiblical explanation of the fossil recordhhEvidence of a flood:hhQuick deposition: massive “graveyards,” polystrate fossils,unconformityhhLiving fossils: coelacanth, stasisGrade 8172Science: Earth & Space cont. p. 173

ScienceScience: Earth & Space cont.Interpreting the Fossil Record cont.••Evidence against evolution:h h“Missing links”:hhSeymouria, Archaeopteryx, TiktaalikhhCambrian explosionhhImpossibility of intermediates••Natural selection and intermediates••Punctuated equilibrium•• Evolution of man—a mistaken belief:hhMan vs. ape: body structure, upright posture, cranial capacity••Questionable intermediates:•• Ramapithecus, Neanderthal manhhAuthralopithecines, Lucy, Homo habilis, Skull 1470hhHomo erectus, Java man, Peking man, Cro-Magnon man•• True origin of man: created in God’s imageThe Seas•• Water of the seas—oceanography:••Characteristics of seawater:••Composition, salinityhhColor, temperature, density, hydrostatic pressurehhIce of the seas: sea ice, icebergs, ice shelf••• Movement of the seas:• Ocean currents:hhSurface currents, gyre••Gulf Stream, Peru CurrenthhSubsurface currents: density current, turbidity currenthhUpwelling, countercurrent••• Waves and related phenomena:• Crest, troughhhPeriod, whitecaps, ocean swells, breaker, surfhhUndertow, longshore current, rip currenthhTsunami formation, propagation, and warning systems••• Tides:• High, low, spring, neap tideshhDiurnal, semidiurnal, mixed semidiurnal••Geography of the seas:••Continental margin:••Continental shelf, continental slopehhShelf break, continental rise, submarine canyons••Deep ocean floor:••Seamount, atoll, lagoon, mid-ocean ridgehhAbyssal plain, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, hadal zone••Study of the seas:••Introduction to oceanography:••Matthew MauryhhH.M.S. Challenger••• Vessels of the oceanographer:• SubmersibleshhResearch vessel, bathyscaphehhDeep Submergence Vehicles, remotely operated vehicle••Manned undersea laboratories•• Equipment of the oceanographer:hhOceanographic buoys, drift bottles, profiling floatshhNiskin bottles, rosette, gravity corer, piston corer•• Sonar, scuba173The Atmosphere•Grade 8 red indicates NEW MATERIAL• Introducing the atmosphere:••Atmospheric composition:hhHomosphere, heterosphere••Composition of air, water vapor, ozone••Layers by temperature:••Troposphere:hhTemperature gradient, tropopause••Stratosphere, ozone layer:hhTypes of ultraviolet radiation••Mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere:hhMesopause, thermopause••Ionosphere:hhCosmic rays, plasma••Magnetosphere:••Poles, magnetic field, aurorashhVan Allen radiation belts••Atmospheric pressure: weight of air••Heat and the atmosphere:••Balanced system:hhRadiation, albedo••Insolation:hhFactors affecting insolationhhPerihelion, aphelion, energy budget••Greenhouse effect:hhGreenhouse gases••Heat distribution in the atmosphere:hhConduction, convection, convection currents••Updrafts, downdraftshhAdiabatic heating and cooling••Patterns of circulation:••Circulating currents:••Low pressure, high pressure, global windshhConvection cell, Hadley cell••Coriolis effect:hhInertia, cyclone, anticyclone••Earth’s wind zones:hhIntertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ or doldrums), horse latitudes••Trade winds, polar easterlies, prevailing westerlieshhJet streams, Rossby waves••Local winds:hhMonsoon effecthhSea, lake, land, and forest breezeshhAnabatic, katabatic, fall winds, and the mistralhhFoehns, chinooks, Santa Ana windsWeather••Understanding weather—climate, meteorology:••Factors causing weather: heat energy, uneven heat distribution,water vapor••Atmospheric water vapor:••Melting, freezing, precipitation, condensation••Saturated, relative humidity••Dew and frost points:••Dew, frozen dew, frosthhCondensation nuclei, frost point, deposition, supercooled,freezing nucleiScience: Earth & Space cont. p. 174

ScienceScience: Earth & Space cont.Weather cont.••Clouds and fog:••Naming clouds:••Based on:••ShapehhHeight••Cumulus, stratus, cirrus, and variations of these threehhLenticular, contrails••Fog:••Radiation and steam foghhMist; advection, upslope, and freezing foghhSmog, photochemical smog••Precipitation—water cycle••Liquid precipitation:••Rain, raindrops, snowflakes, drizzle, freezing rainhhBergeron process, collision-coalescence process••Solid precipitation:••Sleet, snow, dendrite, hailhhFlurries, snow squall, blizzard, whiteout, glaze, rimehhDrought: conditions for; agricultural, hydrological, and socioeconomicdroughts••Air masses:••Types of:••Maritime tropical, continental tropical••Maritime polar, continental polar, ArctichhAir-mass weather••Fronts and weather:••Warm and cold frontshhStationary and occluded frontshhFrontal cyclones••Thunderstorms, lightning, and tornadoes:••Thunderstorms:hhStable and unstable air, stages of developmenthhDownbursts, cells, supercell••Squall line••Lightning:••Formation, stepped leader, thunderhhReturn stroke, dart leader••Types:hhNegative and positive cloud-to-ground, hot lightning,ground-to-cloud, ball lightning••Tornadoes:••Formation, dangershhMesocyclone, condensation funnel, occurrencehhEnhanced Fujita scale, waterspout, dust devil••Hurricanes:hhLife of a hurricane: tropical cyclone, tropical disturbancehhCyclone categories:hhTropical depression, tropical stormhhSaffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind ScalehhHurricane structure: eye, eye wall••Hurricane dangers:••Wind, inland floodinghhStorm surgeGrade 8 red indicates NEW MATERIAL••Measuring and forecasting weather:••Measuring basics:••Thermometer:hhMaximum-minimum, bimetallic strip, and electrical thermometers;thermograph••Barometer:••BarhhAneroid barometer, millibars••Hygrometer:••PsychrometerhhWet-bulb depression, hair hygrometer••Weather vanehhAnemometerhhRain gauge, Stevenson Screen••Modern measurements:hhAutomated instruments, automatic weather stationshhTransmissometer, visibility••Weather balloons:hhRadiosondehhSounding rocket, ceilometers••Radar, weather satellitehhSummarizing weather conditions: surface weather charts, stationmodel, isobars, isotherms••Predicting weather conditions: weather forecasts, supercomputers••Do-it-yourself forecasting: predictable patterns, analyzing cloudsAstronomy•• Solar System:••Structure of the solar system:••OrbithhGeocentric, Aristotle••Ptolemy••Copernicus, Galileo, KeplerhhHeliocentric••Planetary motions:••Elliptical paths, Kepler’s three laws of planetary motion••Astronomical units••Gravity and the solar system:••Sir Isaac Newton, law of universal gravitationhhOrigin of the solar system: Creation vs. nebular hypothesis••Interplanetary space: vacuum••Planets:••Mercury: speediest planet••Venus:••Earth’s twin, morning and evening starhhRetrograde••Earth:••Life-sustaining planet••Moon, satellite, lunar month, mariahhTerrae, rays••Phases of the moon, solar eclipse, lunar eclipse••Mars: red planet, Phobos, Deimos, Tharsis Bulge, Olympus Mons••Jupiter:••Largest planet, Great Red Spot, Galilean satellites174Science: Earth & Space cont. p. 175

ScienceScience: Earth & Space cont.Grade 8 red indicates NEW MATERIALAstronomy cont.•• Saturn:••Second-largest, “shepherd moons,” Titan, Iapetus, Mimas, PhoebehhEnceladus••• Uranus:• Retrograde rotationhhTitania, Oberon, Miranda, Cordelia, Ophelia••Neptune: discovered mathematically before seenhhPlanets vs. dwarf planets: Pluto and moons, Eris••Asteroids: asteroid belt, Ceres, Trojan asteroids, near-earthasteroids••Comets:hhEdmond Halley••Halley’s comet, nucleus, coma, tailhhShort-period comet, long-period comet••Kuiper belt••Meteoroids: meteor, meteor shower, meteorites••Constellations:hhCelestial sphere:hhHorizon, distance between objects, celestial poleshhCelestial equator, circumpolar••Polaris, zodiachhModern definition of constellation, asterisms••Seasonal constellations:hhSpring constellationshhSummer constellations: Lyra, Vega, Summer TrianglehhAutumn and winter constellations••Great Square••Southern constellations: Centaurus and Crux••Sun, stars, and galaxies:••Sun:••Core, photosphere, granule, sunspotshhSupergranules••Chromosphere, spicules, solar flares, solar prominencehhTransition region••Corona, solar wind••Stellar measurements:••Light-yearhhParallax, stellar parallax, parsec••Star magnitude: apparent magnitude, absolute magnitude••Star categories:••Temperature and color, temperature and magnitudehhHertzsprung-Russell diagram••Giants, supergiants, main sequence, white dwarfshhRed dwarfs••Stars in groups:••Binary star, optical doublehhOpen clusters, globular clusters••Stellar explosions:••Nova, supernova, pulsarhhNeutron star••Galaxies:••Milky Way, clusters, Local Group, Andromeda galaxy••Superclusters••Spiral, barred, elliptical, and irregular galaxieshhLenticular galaxieshhQuasars••Nebulae175Man & the Universe•• Instruments of astronomy:••Visible light astronomy:••Telescope, refracting telescope, objective••Eyepiece, reflecting telescopehhResolution••Spectroscopy: visible spectrum, spectroscope, spectrogram••Radio wave astronomy:••Radio telescopeshhInterferometry••Astronomy and time:hhMeridian and transits: zenith, nadir, meridian, transit••Day and night:hhSidereal dayhhApparent solar day, mean solar day, equation of time••Standard solar time, summer time••Longer times: lunar month, solar year, week••Calendars:••GregorianhhJulian, Jewish••Ecliptic and climates:hhEquinox, precession of the equinoxes, solstice••Climate zones••Seasons:hhRelationship to equinoxes and solstices; lengths••Causes••History of spaceflight:••Rockets: solid-fuel rocket, Robert Goddard, liquid-fuel rocket,Wernher von Braun••Race to the moon:••Sputnik 1, Explorer 1••Yuri Gagarin, Alan Shepard, John Glenn, Valentina Tereshkova••Gemini and Apollo Programs, Saturn V, Neil Armstrong••Manned space stations: Salyut program, Skylab, Mir, InternationalSpace Station••Space shuttle••Spaceflight today:hhNations in space••Private space flights••Orbits and satellites:••Objects in orbit:hhApogee, perigee••Geostationary orbit, polar orbithhSun-synchronous orbits, Hohmann transfer orbit••Unmanned satellites:••Astronomical, communications, weather, navigational••Earth observation, military satellites, GPS••Unmanned space probes:hhEscape velocityEnvironmental Science•• Environment and pollution:••Introduction to environmental science:••Biotic and abiotic factors, biogeochemical cycleshhPreservationists, conservationists••PantheismScience: Earth & Space cont. p. 176

ScienceScience: Earth & Space cont.Environmental Science cont.• • Pollution basicshhLand pollution: landfill, reclaimed, waste-to-energy incinerator, syngashhAir pollution:hhPrimary and secondary pollutants, formation and dangers oftemperature inversionhhClean Air ActshhWater pollution: point and non-point sources, coliform bacteriahhGlobal change:hhAcid rainhhOzone depletion:hhRowland-Molina hypothesis, freons, halonshhOzone-depleting substances, Montreal ProtocolhhHydrochlorofluorocarbons, fluorocarbons••Global warming: anthropogenic global warming, Medieval ClimateOptimum, Little Ice AgeGrades 8–9 red indicates NEW MATERIAL••Managing our resources:••Biblical commands••Examining our resources:hhNon-renewable and renewable resources••Sustainable development, environmental technologyhhWater reclamation••Recycling programs••Renewable energy:••Solar energy:hhActive and passive solar power, photovoltaic cells, concentratingsolar power••Wind power:hhWind turbine, wind farmhhHydroelectric powerhhNuclear power:hhNuclear chemistry, nuclear fission, nuclear chain reactionhhNuclear reactor, breeder reactorScience: Matter and Energy Grade 9Science: Matter and Energy builds a foundation for future studies in chemistry, physics, and other fields.The Christian perspective of this text naturally rejects the unproven hypothe sis of evolution, recognizingspecial c reation as the only reasonable explanation for the universe’s origin. This position is presentedthroughout the text and highlighted in a chapter on origins, which provides evidence against evolutionand for the reality of the Genesis Creation account.Science: Matter and Energy also recognizes God’s command for man to have dominion over creation.Thus the purpose of science becomes the application of scientific knowledge for mankind’s benefit. Fromchemistry to physics, the goal is to learn how man might extend his “dominion” and make better useof creation. With man’s dominion over the earth comes a responsibility to tend, manage, and conserveresources. However, the ultimate purpose of creation must not be forgotten—the earth was made forman to inhabit, and its resources were made for man to use.Added Enrichment••Feature boxes with extra information, articles highlightingGod’s design in creation••Classroom demonstrations with student participation (39)••Challenging homework questions to make students thinkmore deeply about concepts (62) red indicates NEW MATERIALEvaluation••Reading quizzes (20)••Review quizzes (38)••Science project with background paper, investigationplan, experimentation, follow-up paper, created display,oral presentation (counts as test grade)••Tests (8), 9-weeks exam (2)••Semester exam, final examIntroduction to Physical Science•• Basics of matter and energy:••Inertia, force••Properties of matterhhPhysical and chemical changes••Mass, weight, volume, density, state, temperaturehhBranches of physical science: physics and chemistry••Scientific method:••3-step process; theories, lawshhPredictions: testability, repeatabilityhhCausalityhhLimitations of science: scope, assumptions, bias, approximationshhBiblical reasons to study scienceMatter and Energy••Measuring matter:hhMathematics in sciencehhAccuracy, precision, and significant figures••Scientific notation••Units:176Science: Matter and Energy cont. p. 177

Science & HealthScience: Matter and Energy cont.••Systems of measurement:hhNeed for systems of measurement••Metric system / SI:hhDefinition of units: meter, liter, kilogram, second••Celsius temperature scalehhKelvin temperature scale••Volume, density, and specific gravity:hhMeasuring volume by fluid displacement••States of matter:hhAtomic theory definedhhKinetic theory of matter:hhCohesion, Brownian motion, diffusion••Osmosis••Solids:hhCrystalline vs. amorphous solids••Properties of solids:hhElasticity, resilience, rigidity, plasticity••Hardness:••Mohs scalehhBrinell hardness scalehhDeformation of solids:hhStretching, compression, bending, shear, torsionhhHooke’s law, spring constant••Liquids:hhAdhesion••Surface tension••Capillarity:hhMeniscus••Pressure in liquids:hhMathematical definition; SI unitshhGravitational pressure, Pascal’s principlehhHydraulic press••Gases:hhGas laws: Boyle’s, Charles’s, Amontons’s••Atmospheric pressure:••BarometershhPhysical principleshhApplications: straws, siphons, vacuum cleanershhFluid displacement:hhArchimedes’ principle, buoyancyhhBuoyancy in liquids: floating, neutral buoyancyhhBuoyancy in airhhBernoulli’s principle:hhApplication to flight: forces on flight, control surfaces, streamlininghhOther applications: hydrofoils, curve balls, carburetors••Energy:hhSI unit••Forms:hhRadiant, mechanical••Energy changes:hhConservation of matter and energy••Kinetic energy:hhForms; calculation of translational kinetic energy••Potential energy red indicates NEW MATERIALhhFundamental forces: relationship to potential energyhhTypeshhCalculation of gravitational potential energy•• Heat and thermal energy:hhFactors affecting thermal energyhhThermal equilibriumhhHeat capacity and specific heathhCalorimetry••Thermal expansion:hhExplained•• Heat transfer: conduction, convection, radiationhhDirectionhhApplications: Dewar flask, indoor heatinghhThermodynamics: laws of thermodynamics; mechanical equivalentof heat, Carnot engine, entropy, perpetual motion••State changes:hhFreezing point depression, latent heat, heat of fusionhhVolatile, nonvolatilehhScientific definition of boiling; boiling point elevation, heat ofvaporizationhhVapor pressure: relationship to boiling point; critical temperaturehhHeat pumpshhSublimation, depositionChemistry•• Foundations of chemistry:••Chemistry and matter:hhBrief history••Definition, characteristics of matter, atomic theory••Elements and compoundshhHistory of atomic symbols••Inside the atom:••Nucleus with protons and neutrons, atomic number, electrons:hhQuarks, electron shells, types of ionshhMass number, atomic mass••Atomic models:hhQuantum theory, uncertainty principle, quantum numbers, Pauliexclusion principle••Nuclear chemistryhhNuclear decay••Fission and fusionhhDetails of process••Electrons and chemical properties:••Valence electron, periodic table of elements:hhPeriods and groups••Alkali metals, alkaline earth metalshhTransition metals, inner transition metalshhGroups IIIA–VIA••Halogens, noble gases••Molecules and chemistry:••Compounds and mixtureshhMolecular mass, isomershhPure substance, homogeneous, heterogeneoushhSolutions, solubility, colloidsGrade 9177Science: Matter and Energy cont. p. 178

Science & HealthScience: Matter and Energy cont.Chemistry cont.•• Chemical bonds••Covalent bonds:hhSingle, double, triple; Lewis structureshhPolar and nonpolar; electronegativity, partial chargehhCovalent network, formula unit••Ionic bonds:hhPolyatomic ions; ionic crystalshhMetallic bondshhBasic chemical nomenclature; types of chemical formulashhIntermolecular forces:hhTypes, characteristics, and relative strengthhhEffects on physical properties: solid structure, state changes,solubility••Chemical reactions:hhReactants, products••Chemical equations, conservation of masshhBalancing equationshhChemical thermodynamics:hhEndothermic and exothermic reactionshhEntropy in chemical reactionshhChemical kinetics: activation energy, factors affecting reactionrates; catalystshhChemical equilibrium: Le Châtelier’s principlehhTypes of chemical reactions•• SaltshhChemistry of acids and bases: pH as a measure of concentrationhhRedox reactions and electrochemistry:hhBasic termshhTypes and chemistry of electrochemical cellshhOrganic chemistry:hhUniqueness of carbon, hydrocarbon nomenclaturehhAlkanes, alkenes, alkyneshhAromatics, substituted hydrocarbons, soaps, and polymers••Biochemistry:••Carbohydrates, lipids:hhDisaccharides, glycogen, structure of fats, types of cholesterolhhChemistry and structure of proteins, types and structure ofnucleic acids••Metabolism:hhChemistry of ATPScience vs. Evolution••Biblical view of originshhOrigin of time, space, matter, and energy••• History of evolutionary philosophy• Darwin, Lyell, Origin of Species, uniformitarianismhhThomas HuxleyhhMovement to the U.S.: Asa Gray, James Dana••Theistic evolutionhhNeo-Darwinism defined; evolution and secular humanism••Evolutionary views of origins••Chemical evolution and big bang theoryhhStanley Miller’s experimentGrade 9 red indicates NEW MATERIAL••Modern opposition to evolution:••Rise of Creation sciencehhNotable figures and organizations••Notable scientists who believed in Creation:••Isaac NewtonhhWilliam Gilbert, Samuel MorsehhEvidences against evolution from chemistry and physics:hhImpossibility of chemical evolution, DNA complexity, interpretationof DNAhhInverse square laws, second law of thermodynamics, decay of earth’smagnetic fieldhhComplexity of the human brain; bat echolocation; electric fishMotion••Describing motion:hhBrief history of developing the field of physicshhScalar and vectors, distance and displacement, simple vector addition••SpeedhhVelocityhhAcceleration••Newton’s laws of motionhhSecond and third laws••Forces in nature:hhQuantitative treatment of gravityhhCircular motion: centripetal and centrifugal force••Friction:hhCauses and types of frictionhhQualitative treatment••WorkhhQualitative treatmenthhPower, momentum••Simple machines:hhMechanical advantage, efficiency••Types of simple machines:••Lever, wheel and axle, inclined planehhPulley, wedge, screw••Waves and energy:••Medium, structure of waveshhTypes of waves••Measurement of wave properties:••Wavelength, frequencyhhPeriod, amplitude, speedhhWave behavior••Sound waves:••Nature and transmission of sound waves••History of understanding of sound waveshhIntensity, loudness••Pitch:hhAudible, infrasonic, and ultrasonic soundshhDoppler effecthhQuantitative treatment of speed, shock waves••Behavior of sound waves:••Reflection:hhEchoes••SonarhhMinimizing reflection: acoustics178Science: Matter and Energy cont. p. 179

Science & HealthScience: Matter and Energy cont.Motion cont.hhRefraction, diffraction, interferencehhMusic:hhScientific definitionhhInterference in music:hhConsonance, dissonance, intervalhhBeats, harmonic series, timbrehhResonancehhMain types of acoustic musical instrumentsLight & Color•• Nature of light:••History of theories of lighthhQuantitative relationship between wavelength and frequency•• Dual nature of light••Color:hhRelationship to frequency and wavelength; additive and subtractivemixing, primary colors••Behavior of light:hhReflection, refraction, mirage, scintillation, rainbow formationhhInterference, diffraction, polarization••Electromagnetic radiation:••Electromagnetic spectrumhhProperties of radio waves, microwaves, infrared, ultraviolet,x-rays, and gamma rayshhRelationship between frequency and energyhhLaser light formation, properties, and uses••Speed of light:hhConstanthhBrief overview of Einstein’s special and general relativityElectricity & Magnetism••Electrostatics:hhBrief history•• Electric charge and fields, law of electric chargeshhQuantitative treatment of law of electric forcehhTransferring charges:hhConduction, conservation, groundinghhInductionhhNature of current in gases, liquids, solidshhElectroscopehhElectrostatic generators:hhPrinciples of operation••Lightning••Stepped leader, return stroke••Lightning rodshhLeyden jar, capacitorhhUsing static electricity••Magnets and magnetism:••Brief history, law of magnetic poles, magnetic fieldshhQuantitative treatment of law of magnetic forcehhPermeabilityGrade 9 red indicates NEW MATERIALhhElectron spin, domainshhTypes of materials: diamagnetic, paramagnetic, ferromagnetichhMethods of magnetization••Electromagnets:hhLeft-hand rule, strength••DemagnetizationhhMagnetic deflection••Magnetic earth:hhCompass, dipping needlehhMagnetic declination, isogonic lineshhMagnetic inclination, isoclinic lines••MagnetospherehhCelestial magnetshhElectric current:hhMoving charges, direct and alternating current, voltagehhCurrent, power, kilowatt-hourshhResistance, Ohm’s law:hhReducing resistance, resistorshhJoule heat, superconductorshhElectric circuits:hhComponents of a circuit, closed / open circuitshhShort circuits, fuses and breakershhSeries and parallel circuitshhUsing electricity:hhIncandescent, fluorescent, and neon lampshhCFLs and LEDshhSolenoid, telegraph, relay, and loudspeakerhhBasic structure and motions of electric motorshhProducing electricity:hhElectrochemical cells:hhBatteries in series and parallelhhElectromagnetic induction:hhAC and DC generationhhMHD generators, transformers••Electronics:hhFoundations of electronics:hhVacuum tubes, cathode-ray tubes, picture tubes, x-ray tubeshhThermionic emission, diodes, triodes••Semiconductor electronics:hhHow a semiconductor works, dopinghhDiodes, transistors••Photovoltaic cellshhLED, semiconductor lasershhIntegrated circuit production and applicationhhElectronic computers:hhHistory of the computer: ENIAC and UNIVAC IhhAnalog vs. digitalhhBinary and hexadecimal number systems, logic gateshhProcessing, storage, data transferhhHardware, softwarehhModern computers: PCs, servers, mainframes, and supercomputershhRobotics179

Science & HealthHealth Grade 9Grade 9Health in Christian Perspective will enable students to gain a deeper knowledge of the anatomyand physiology of the human body. They will be encouraged to reach out to others and to livea happy, healthy life as they maintain a consistent walk with the Lord. They will learn how tomaintain their physical health through good nutrition and fitness with an emphasis on cardiorespiratoryand musculoskeletal health.A study of the nervous system in light of biblical principles encourages students to maintaingood mental and emotional health. Practical aspects of safety and first aid are included in themiddle of the course. Students will also learn how the immune system works to prevent disease,how to avoid drug abuse, and how to pursue a right relationship with God and others.Added Enrichment••Sidebars containing extra health facts, checklist for personalhealth, and applications of health information (185)••Feature boxes including biblical discernment, medicalcareers, and articles on health-related issues (20)••Atlas of human anatomyEvaluation••Reading quizzes (12)••Review quizzes (16)••Tests (4)••9-weeks exam, final exam red indicates NEW MATERIALDeveloping a Healthy Body•• Growth and development:••Fetus development from conception to birth••InfancyhhAdolescent development••Endocrinology:••Endocrine glands and hormones:hhSomatotropin, antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, estrogens,testosterone, melatonin••Regulating metabolism, physical changes, and sleep••Nutritional needs:••Gastroenterology: digestion; anatomy and physiology of organsin the digestive systemhhGingiva, root canal, uvula, chyme••Macronutrients:••Carbohydrates, dietary fiber, proteins, fats and oils:hhEssential amino acids; triglycerides••Micronutrients: vitamins, minerals, electrolytes, water••Healthful food choices:••Energy from food:hhKilocalorie / calorie, basal metabolism, food guide pyramid••Nutritional balance: acceptable weight range, weight controlMaintaining Personal Health•• Cardiorespiratory fitness:••Cardiology:••Anatomy and physiology of organs in the cardiovascularsystem:hhSeptum••Blood pressure and heart rate:hhRadial and carotid pulse, stroke volume••Pneumology:••Anatomy and physiology of organs in respiratory systemhhLung capacity••Musculoskeletal health:••Osteology: anatomy and physiology of skeletal systemhhDivisions of the backbonehhArm and leg bones, periosteumhhCompact and spongy boneshhGliding, saddle, and ellipsoid joints••Myology:••Anatomy and physiology of muscular system:hhFast-twitch and slow-twitch muscle fibershhFlexors and extensors••Review 7 muscles and groupshhLearn 10 muscles and groups••Exercise and fitness:••Aerobic and anaerobic exercisehhStrength training••Assessing physical fitness:hhCardiorespiratory endurance••Muscular strength and endurance••Measuring flexibility, body fat content••Total workout: warm-up, work out (training heart rate), cool down,overloadhhEnergy for exercise:hhAerobic and anaerobic processeshhEnergy efficiency, sports nutrition, maintaining hydration••Benefits of exercisePersonal Hygiene••Your protective covering: skin, below the dermis, throughout thedermis, above the dermis••Good grooming:••Basic skin care, clear complexion, hair that flatters••Healthy nails, healthy smile••UV protection and skin cancer prevention:hhTypes of skin cancerhhConsumer awareness180Health cont. p. 181

Science & HealthHealth cont.Keeping a Sound Mind•• Nervous system:••Neurology:••Anatomy and physiology of organs in the nervous systemhhNeuron anatomy and types•• Central nervous system, peripheral nervous systemhhLimbic system, somatic and autonomic nervous system••Sensory receptors:hhSenses of the skin: pain, mechanoreceptors, and thermoreceptorshhSenses of smell and taste: chemoreceptors••Sense of sight:••Anatomy of the eye, vision (rod and cone cells)hhDefective vision•••• Sense of hearing:• Anatomy of the ear• Hearing damage:hhDecibels, sensorineural (nerve) deafness•• Brain and the mindhhRecognizing mental disorders:hhKinds of mental disorders: eating, anxiety, depression•• Good mental health:hhManaging stress: kinds of stress, stress and body systems••Mental and emotional well-being:•• Benefits of exercise, sufficient sleep, thinking right thoughts,controlling emotions, exercising your brainhhPracticing biblical discernment: biblical discernment and suicidePracticing Personal Safety•• Household hazards:••Electrocution, falls, firearms••Fires and burns: fire and burn prevention, fire precautions••Poisoning:hhIngested, inhaled, and absorbed toxins••Reducing risks:••Self protectionhhProtection of others, protection at work••Recreational safeguards:••Sport safety:hhDehydration••Heat exhaustion, heat stroke••Water sports:hhSwimming safetyhhBoating basics PWCs (personal watercraft)••Water rescue techniqueshhSkating••Wilderness recreation:••Poisonous plants and animals: dermatitis, poisonous snakeshhWilderness supplies and precautionshhHunting••Winter sports:••FrostbitehhSpecific safety tipshhRecreational vehicles: snowmobiles, ATVs (all-terrain vehicles) red indicates NEW MATERIAL••Safety on the road:••Bicycle basicshhMopeds and motorcycles: determining risks, developing skillshhMotor vehicle safety:hhTraffic accidentshhThe leading cause of accidental deaths in the United StateshhSafe actions, courteous drivinghhAlcohol and traffic safety••Environmental safety:••Natural disasters:hhBlizzards, floods••Earthquakes, hurricanes, lightning, tornadoes••Environmental hazards:••Man’s responsibility, pollution problems, radical environmentalismhhChecks and balances, assessing risks, proper balanceAdministering First Aid•• Emergency preparedness:••Knowing priorities:••Check, call, care••Check ABCs (airway, breathing, and circulation)hhVital signs••Respiratory emergencies:••Head-tilt and chin-lift positionhhRescue breathing••Choking:hhUnconscious victim, self, infanthhDrowning••Circulatory emergencies:hhCPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) instructions••Severe bleeding-care instructionshhShock-care instructionshhRecovery position••First aid procedures:••Care instructions for burns:••First-, second-, and third-degree burns••Chemical burns (eye injury care)••Care instructions for:hhConvulsions, fainting••Dislocations, electric shock••Fractures: closed and open••Frostbite••Hyperthermia: heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat strokehhHyperventilation••Hypothermia, nosebleeds••Poisoning:••Ingested toxinshhInhaled and absorbed toxins••Snakebites: pit vipers (hemolitic), coral snake (neurotoxin)••Stings and bites:hhAnimal bites (rabies and tetanus)••Insect stings, tick bites (lyme disease)••Strains and sprains:••Strain: muscle or tendon stretch or tear••Sprain: ligament stretch or tearGrade 9181Health cont. p. 182

Science & HealthHealth cont.Administering First Aid cont.• • Wounds:hhClosed wound or contusion, internal bleeding, open wound•• Incisions, abrasionshhLacerations, puncturesPreventing Diseases•• Immunology:••White blood cells: leukocytes (phagocytes and lymphocytes)••Antibodies••Lymphatic system: tissue fluid, lymph vessels, lymph nodes••Other body defenses:hhBone marrow, brain, colon, lacrimal glands, liver, lungs••Mucous membranes, skin, stomach, tonsils and adenoids••Infectious diseases and defenses:••Classification of diseases:••Infectious diseases, noninfectious diseaseshhAcute, chronic•••• Communicable and noncommunicable• Causes of infectious diseases:• Bacteria, viruseshhProtozoa, fungi, parasitic worms••Spread of infectious diseases:••Airborne pathogens, contaminated surfaces, direct contact••Infected animals, contaminated food or water••Immunity against disease:hhGaining immunity (activated lymphocytes and antibodies)hhAcquired, inborn, and species immunity••Medical defenses: vaccines, drugs, and antibiotics••Noninfectious diseases and disabilities:••Leading causes of death (listed in a chart)••Degenerative diseases:••OsteoporosishhDementia, Parkinson’s diseasehhBiblical discernment and euthanesia••Genetic and congenital diseases•• Hormonal diseases: diabetes mellitushhBiblical discernment and abortion••Immunological diseases:••AllergieshhAsthma, autoimmune diseases:hhSelected autoimmune diseases: Grave’s, lupus, multiple sclerosis,psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritishhNutritional diseaseshhPsychosomatic diseaseshhDiseases caused by harmful substances••Cancer:••CauseshhTypes, development••TreatmenthhDisabilities: impaired mobility, hearing, speech, sight••Systemic diseases and disorders:••Cardiovascular diseases—leading cause of death:hhHypertension, arteriosclerosis red indicates NEW MATERIAL••Atherosclerosis, coronary artery diseasehhAngina••Heart attack, arrhythmiahhVentricular fibrillation, congestive heart failure, stroke, aneurysm••Dermatopathy:••AcnehhAthlete’s foot, dandruff, wartshhEndocrinopathy: ketoacidosis, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia••Gastrointestinal diseases and disorders:••Dental caries, periodontitishhGingivitis, appendicitishhColorectal cancer••DysenteryhhFood-borne illnesses: salmonella, E. coli, and staphylococcuspoisoning; botulism••Peptic ulcerhhHemopathy: anemiahhHemophiliahhHepatopathy: hepatitis, viral hepatitis••Immune-deficiency and lymphatic diseases:••AIDS, HIVhhMononucleosishhMusculoskeletal diseases: arthritis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoidarthritis, bursitis, back pain••Nervous system diseases and disorders:••ConcussionhhAmnesia, coma, meningitis, encephalitis, shingles, cerebral palsy,epilepsy••Pneumopathy:••Common coldhhBronchitis, influenza, pneumonia, tuberculosishhUropathy: kidney failure, kidney stoneshhBiblical discernment and organ donation••Personal health care:hhMedical examination: medical history, general health, physical exam••Disease preventionAvoiding Drug Abuse•Grade 9• Drug use and medicines:••Drugs as medicine: drug, medicine, OTC, prescription, antibiotics••Pain relievers:••Anesthetics••Analgesics:hhAspirin, acetaminophen, ibuprofenhhOther common medicines: antihistimines••Use medicines responsibly••Drug abuse and the body systems:••Effects of drug use:hhPsychoactive drugs, physical vs. psychological dependence••Addiction, tolerance••Narcotics:••Opiates:hhMorphine, codeine••HeroinhhOpioids182Health cont. p. 183

Science & HealthHealth cont.Avoiding Drug Abuse cont.• • Hallucinogens:hhPsychedelic drugs, LSD, flashback, PCP, MDMA, ketamine••• Stimulants:• Cocaine, crackhhAmphetamines••Methamphetamine••Depressants:hhBarbiturates, benzodiazepines (valium, rohypnol)•• Marijuana and related drugs:hhCannabinoids••InhalantshhSteroidshhLong-term effects of drug abuse••Preventing drug abuse••••Forms of alcohol••Immediate effects:••• Alcohol and health:• Alcohol is the most widely abused drug in the world• On the brain, liver, and other organs• DepressanthhAlcohol poisoning••• Long-term effects:• AlcoholismhhDelirium tremens••Liver and cardiovascular disease••Gastrointestinal disorders••Alcohol and society:hhCrimes•• AccidentshhFetal alcohol syndromehhWhy people drink••••Effects of smoking:•••Effects on nonsmokers•• Tobacco and health:• Tobacco as a drug: nicotineGrades 9–10 red indicates NEW MATERIAL• Heart disease, respiratory problems, emphysema, cancer risks• Smokeless tobaccohhBiblical discernment and substance abusePursuing Right Relationships••Putting God first:hhBecoming spiritually fit: continuous workout, resting in Him••Maintaining spiritual fitness:•• Essential nutrition, power through prayerhhExercise forgiveness•• Thinking of others:hhMaturing relationships: responsible behavior, effective communication,wholesome associationshhFamily interactions: parent-child relationships, sibling relationships••Close friendships: friendship qualities, influence from peersBiology Grade 10Biology: God’s Living Creation deals with one of the most fascinating subjects known to man.Students begin with a combination of field, text, and lab work to take a closer look at plants.They will use the microscope and dissections as they study the Creator’s provision for plantsand animals. The anatomy and physiology of the human body are studied using the Transvision ®view of the human body, which shows some of the body systems.Students will look deeper into the micro-cosmos as they learn some of man’s latest discoveriesabout the most complicated structure in all of creation: the living cell. They will see the intricatedetail that God has built into living things and His master plan for transmitting informationwithin an organism and from one generation of organisms to the next. Students will also understandjust how far man still has to go to gain a complete understanding of God’s living creation.Added Enrichment• Feature articles with information about God’s design, provision,and the wonders of His creation (65)• Laboratory exercises (25)• Application and Critical Thinking questions for every chapter red indicates NEW MATERIALEvaluation••Reading quizzes (19)••Review quizzes (36)••Science project (counts as test grade)••Tests (8), 9-weeks exam (2)••Semester exam, final examBotany••Angiosperms:••Introduction to biology: definition and major fields of study••Parts of a green plant: flowers, leaves, stems, roots••Nitrogen cycle••Families of angiosperms:••Composite, mint, parsley, rose, pea, lilyhhMustard, nightshade, cashew183Biology cont. p. 184

Science Grade 10Biology cont.Botany cont.•• Monocots and dicots:••Types of angiosperms: characteristics of monocots and dicots••Grasses:••Cereal cropshhTurf grasses, other grasses•• Broadleaf trees:••Observing trees, characteristics of treeshhGuide to familiar American broadleaf trees by groups—bark,leaves, fruits, and crown shapes are pictured and explained••Leaves:hhSystems and organs in plants••External structure of leaves:••Leaf shapes••Parts of a leaf:hhStipule••Simple and compound leaves••Arrangement of leaves on stems:••Nodes, opposite, alternate, whorled, and rosette••PhototropismhhThree types of plant tissues: structural, vascular, and meristematic••Structure of leaves:hhEpidermis, mesophyll••Veins, parts of plant cells••Photosynthesis:hhThylakoids, light and dark reactions••Products of photosynthesis:hhFactors that influence photosynthesis••Fall coloration of leaves and special leaves:••Leaf pigments, abscission layerhhCellulasehhWater pressure and wilting••Flowers, fruits, and seeds:••Flower parts:••Sepals, petals, stamen, pistilhhComplete and incomplete flowershhMonoecious vs. dioecioushhFactors affecting flowering: photoperiodism••Development of fruits and seeds: pollination, fertilization••Formation, types, and function of fruits:hhSimple, aggregate, and multiple fruits••Seed dispersal••Structure of seeds: parts of the embryo, germination••Stems and roots:••External structure of woody stems:••Buds, scales, bud-scale scars, growthhhBundle scars••Internal structure of woody stems:••Bark, pith••Wood:••Heartwood, sapwood, annual ringshhTracheidshhHerbaceous stems: dicots and monocots••Vegetative reproduction:hhAsexual reproduction, cutting, layering, grafting, budding, culturing••Special stems: bulbs, corms, rhizomes, stolons, tendrils, tubers,thorns••Root systems:••Taproots, fibrous roots••Structure:••Root hairs, root cortexhhEpidermis, central vascular cylinder••Primary and secondary growth••Root’s absorption and transportation of water:••Diffusion, osmosis, capillarityhhAdhesion, cohesion, sap stream••Variety in the world of plants:••Classification:••Linnaeus, John Ray••Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species, scientificnamehhPhylogeny, domains••Conifers and other gymnosperms:••Characteristics and reproduction of conifers, cycads, and ginkgotreeshhAlternation of generations••Ferns, club mosses, and horsetails:••SporeshhStructures and life cycle of ferns••Club mosses, horsetailshhLycopodium••Mosses and liverworts:••Structures of mosshhUses, types and life cycle of mosses••Liverwort characteristics••Algae:••Characteristics••Green algae:hhDesmids••Brown algae:hhGulfweed••Yellow, red, and blue-green algaehhDinoflagellates••Fungi:••Importance••Club fungi:hhRust life cycle••Molds:hhParasitic molds••Sac fungihhSlime molds••LichensHuman Anatomy & Physiology• red indicates NEW MATERIAL• Fearfully and wonderfully made:••Wonders of the human body: the crown of God’s creation••Introduction to body cavities:hhCranial, spinal••Thoracic, abdominal184Biology cont. p. 185

ScienceBiology cont.Human Anatomy & Physiology cont.••Body systems: introduction to eleven systems••Tissues:••Four main types••Tissue fluidshhMembranes: four main types••CellshhMatrix••• Vestigial organs: brief discussion• Prenatal development of the systems: brief discussionhhWhat abortion is: description of six types of abortion procedures••Bones and muscles:hhDetailed discussion of axial skeletonhhDetailed discussion of appendicular skeleton••Bones:••Classification••Structure:hhDiaphysis, epiphysis, medullary cavityhhTissues••Bone growth and development:hhMaintenance••Nutrition••Exercise:hhWolff’s lawhhConstruction••Fracture and repair••Joints:hhSynovial fluid••Ligaments, types of joints, problems with joints••Muscles:••TypeshhSpecific muscles for moving different parts of the body••Structure of skeletal muscles:hhFascia, tendons, fibers, and neuromuscular junction; musclecontrol••Muscles and exercise: hypertrophy, atrophy, red and white fibers••The nervous system:••Divisions of the nervous system:••Central nervous system:hhGlial cells, gray and white matter, myelin, ganglia, plexus,poliomyelitis••Peripheral nervous system:hhMixed nerves••Autonomic nervous systemhhNerves: median nerve, Schwann cells, multiple sclerosis••How neurons work:hhAction potential••Synapse, neurotransmitterhhInhibitors••Parkinson’s disease••Reflex action:hhReflex arcGrade 10 red indicates NEW MATERIAL••Parts of the brain:••Cerebrum:••HemisphereshhCorpus callosum••Cerebral cortex, lobes, cerebral palsy••Cerebellum:••LocationhhStructure••Function, purpose••Brain stem: medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, reticular formation••Limbic system:••Thalamus, hypothalamushhHippocampus, amygdala••The mind and the brain:hhBehaviorism••Neurological health:••Caring for the nervous system:hhREM sleep••Importance of avoiding alcohol:hhNeuritis••Injuries to the nervous system:hhSciatica••Stroke, concussion, amnesia, coma••Neurological diseases:••Tetanus, Alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy••Dementia:hhAcute confusion, senile dementia••Arteriosclerotic dementia••Senses:hhSomatic vs. special senses••Skin sensations••Chemical senses (taste and smell):hhTaste bud structurehhPrimary odors••Hearing:hhMalleus, incus, stapeshhTinnitus••Vision:••Protection of the eye: socket, eyelid, lacrimal glandshhEye movement••Eye structure and function:••Sclera••Uvea:hhChoroid, ciliary body••Iris, pupil••Retina:hhFoveahhStructure and function of rod and cone cells; rhodopsin; colorvision, persistence of visionhhBlind spothhAqueous humor, vitreous humor••Lens185Biology cont. p. 186

ScienceBiology cont.Human Anatomy & Physiology cont.•• Defective vision:••Nearsightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism, night blindnesshhPresbyopia, colorblindnesshhGlaucoma••• Nutrition and digestion:• Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids:hhIncomplete proteins••Vitamins, minerals and water: importance, function, results of deficiencies:hhCoenzymeshhScurvy, pellagra, pernicious anemia, xerophthalmiahhIntracellular vs. extracellular fluidhhEdema••••Limiting fats, sugars and salts•• Nutritional and caloric intake:• Breads and grains, vegetables, fruits, milk, meats and beans• Calories, metabolismhhObesity••Beginning of the digestive system:••Alimentary canal, digestion, enzymes, glands••Oral cavity:hhPalate, bolus, papillaehhWisdom tooth, impacted, mastication••Esophagus: peristalsis, epiglottis••Stomach and intestines:••Stomach structure and function:hhHunger contractions••Gastric juice, hydrochloric acid, chymehhIntrinsic factorhhCardiac and pyloric sphincter••The liver and pancreas in digestion:••Bile, gallbladderhhBile salts, emulsification, common bile duct••Pancreatic juicehhSodium bicarbonate production by the pancreas••Small intestine:••Primary organ of digestion and absorption••Divisions of the small intestine••VillihhMicrovilli, lacteal••Insulin, glucagonhhUrea••Colon: function and structures••Gastrointestinal disorders:••Food poisoninghhDyspepsia••Ulcers, effects of alcoholhhConstipation, diarrhea••Dysentery, colon cancer red indicates NEW MATERIAL••Circulation and respiration:••Blood: cardiovascular system, arteries, veins, capillaries••Composition of blood:••Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets:hhPlasma proteins, circulatory shockhhRed blood cell production, leukemiahhBlood types: antigens or agglutinogens, universal donors andrecipients, Rh factor••Design of the heart:••Structure:hhLayers, valves, and skeleton••• Blood flow:• Through the hearthhTo the heartGrade 10hhTypes, symptoms, and treatment of heart failurehhHeart beats, detailed structure and function of cardiac muscle,electrical system••Circulation of blood:••Arteries, veins, and capillaries:hhStructure of blood vesselshhDetails of systemic circulation••Pulmonary circulationhhPortal and renal circulations••Atherosclerosis••Blood pressure and pulse••Cardiovascular health: leading cause of death, treatment••Anatomy and function of respiratory system:hhTypes of respiration: external, internal, and cellular••Organs of respiration:hhNasal meatuses••Throat structures••Trachea, bronchi••Lungs:••Bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchial asthma••Pleural membrane:hhPleurisy••Diaphragm••The breathing process:hhRole of intercostal muscleshhControl by the medulla oblongata••Lung capacity:••Vital capacityhhTidal volume••Respiratory diseases:••Common cold, influenza, tuberculosis, emphysema, lung cancerhhCystic fibrosis••Integumentary, excretory, and endocrine systems:hhIntroduction: body’s design for maintaining homeostasis••Integumentary system:••Purpose186Biology cont. p. 187

ScienceBiology cont.Human Anatomy & Physiology cont.• • Structure:hhPsoriasis, keratin in skin, skin pigments•• Tanning, sunburnhhHair structure••Sebaceous glandshhDetails of sweat glands••Excretory system:••Kidneys:hhFunction, regulation, structures, failure, dialysis•• Endocrine system:hhEndocrine vs. exocrine glands•• Hormones:hhHormone receptors••• Pituitary gland:• Hypothalmus, somatotropinhhDisorders: pituitary gigantism, pituitary dwarfism, acromegalyhhGonadotropins•••Thyroxine•• Thyroid and parathyroid glands:• Thyroid disorders:hhCretinism, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism••Simple goiter•glucagon, diabetes mellitus••Adrenal glands: epinephrine, steroid hormones, cortisol,• Pancreas (endocrine function): islets of Langerhans, insulin,aldosterone••Gonads:••HormoneshhGametes••Adolescence, secondary sex characteristics••Pineal gland: melatonin••Disease and the body’s immune system:••Introduction: disease, microbes, pathogen, infectious and noninfectious,acute, chronic••Noninfectious diseases: degenerative, immunological, hormonal,congenital and genetic, nutritional, harmful substances, cancer••Infectious diseases:••Communicable and noncommunicable••Bacteria:••Structure:hhPlasmidshhTypes, variations and shapes, reproductionhhDisease:hhGerm concept of disease, Koch’s postulateshhPathogenic activity••Viruses:••IntroductionhhReplication, types, diseases••Protozoa, fungi, parasites••How infectious diseases are spread:hhDroplet infection, carrier red indicates NEW MATERIAL••Vector, venereal diseaseshhIncubation••Preventing the spread of disease: epidemic, vaccination••Immune system:••Overview, white blood cellshhHistamine, interferon••AntibodieshhTable of white blood cell types••Lymphatic system:••Lymph, vessels, ducts, nodeshhStructure and function of lymph nodes••Other organs••Special defenses, immunity, immune deficiencies:••Skin barrier, mucous membranes, lysozymes, fever,microorganisms of digestion••Acquired immunity, innate immunity:hhSerum••Immune deficiency diseases (HIV, AIDS)••Medical defenses against disease:hhImmune therapy••Chemotherapy, antibiotics••Prevention: nutrition, rest, exerciseGrade 10Life Sciences: Methodology & Philosophy••Natural history and scientific investigation:••Natural history through the ages:••Bible beginnings, Hebrews••Greeks:hhAnaximander, Plato, Aristotle••Romans:hhPliny, Galen••Ancient science vs. the Bible••Middle Ages:hhNestorians••Modern science: Protestant Reformation, advances in biological sciences,microscopy, cell theory••Biology and scientific investigation:••Scripture and scientific investigation, scientific method••Repudiation of spontaneous generation, law of biogenesishhLimitations of science—scientism••Evolution—a retreat from science:••Science and faith: great founders of science believed in God andcreation••Rejecting the truth:••Darwin and Lyell, natural selectionhhEffects of naturalism••Paleontology:••Evidence against evolution, speciation, macroevolution, fossils••Transitional forms and lack thereof••Punctuated equilibrium hypothesis••Geologic column, Cambrian explosionhhCoelacanth, Archaeopteryx, horse series••Hominid fossils, Neanderthal, Cro-Magnon187Biology cont. p. 188

ScienceBiology cont.Life Sciences: Methodology & Philosophy cont.••Biological evidence against evolution:••Impossible transitional forms:hhAvian respiratory system••Homology••Molecular biology: design and complexity••Genetics: limited variety, mutations••Natural selection and genetic variety:hhPeppered moth••Pesticide-resistant insects, antibiotic-resistant bacteriahhBacterial proliferation••Embryonic recapitulationhhWhy evolution cannot be properly called a sciencehhThreat of evolution to modern scienceEcology••Introduction of basic terms: ecology, habitat, biotic and abioticfactors••Levels of ecology: biosphere, biomes, ecosystems, community,population, organism••Influences in the ecosystem: biodiversity, carrying capacity, typesof abiotic and biotic factors••Nutritional relationships in an ecosystem:••Producers and consumers, trophic level, food chain, food web,nicheshhEnergy flow, pyramid diagrams••Special nutritional relationships:••Symbiosis, predation, competitionhhAmensalism••NeutralismhhHerbivory••Nutrient cycles:••Hydrologic, atmospheric, sedimentary cycleshhCarbon-oxygen, phosphorous cycles••Major biomes:••Tundra, northern coniferous forest, temperate deciduous forest••Grassland, desert, tropical rain forest••Aquatic biomes:••Freshwater••Marine:hhEstuary••Ecological succession and man’s role:hhPrimary succession, secondary succession••Dominion and stewardshipZoology•• Mammals:••Characteristics of animals, vertebrates, and mammals:••Mobility, diversity, symmetryhhDetails of mammal reproduction••18 mammal orders: discussed with representative animalshhExtinct mammalsGrade 10 red indicates NEW MATERIAL••Birds:••Feathered vertebrates:••Characteristics for flight••Backyard and roadside birds••Groups of birds:••Perching, birds of prey, swimming and wading, game, tropical, flightlesshhExtinct birds••Avian anatomy and physiology:••Feathers, skeletal and muscular systemshhNervous system: brain, senses••Food and digestion:hhIntestine, cloaca, bursa of FabricushhExcretory system••Circulatory system:hhNucleated red blood cellshhDetails of respiratory system••Family life of birds:••Migration, courtshiphhMating and fertilization••Egg, nesting, incubationhhCare of young••Reptiles and amphibians:••Reptiles:••Cold-blooded, similar traits••Lizards: habitat, sizes, poisonous lizards, colorful, detached tailsand other defenses, and eating habits••Snakes:••Sizes, methods of locomotion, scaly skin••Sense organs:hhScale-covered eyes, hearing (quadrate bone)••Smell: Jacobson’s organ••Design for feeding, groups of snakes, venom, snakebite treatment••Turtles:••Reptiles with shells••Characteristics:hhTympanic and nictating membranes••Groups••Crocodilians••Tuataras: parietal eye••Dinosaurs and similar creatures: extinct reptiles, types and characteristics••Amphibians:••Vertebrates with a double life:••Characteristics:hhThree-chambered heart••Frogs and toads:hhColoring••Toxic skin secretionshhExternal fertilization••Development and metamorphosishhAnatomy: head, oral cavity, body systems188Biology cont. p. 189

ScienceBiology cont.Zoology cont.••Salamanders:••Reproduction and metamorphosis:hhSpermatophore, paedomorphosis••Sizes; notable salamanders••Caecilians••Fish:••Bony fish:••Abundance and importancehhDetailed study of anatomy and physiology••Cartilaginous fish: sharks, rays, and chimaeras; lampreys, hagfish••Arthropods:••Common characteristics, classes••Insects:••Life cycle of insectshhGrasshopper anatomy and physiology••Orders of insects and their economic significance: 8 of the morethan 25 orders are taught••Insects and man••Arachnids:••Spiders:••External anatomyhhInternal anatomy, reproduction••Harvestmen, scorpions, mites, and ticks••Centipedes and millipedes••Crustaceans:hhAnatomy and life cycle of crayfish••Other crustaceanshhExtinct arthropods••Other invertebrates:••Mollusks:••General characteristics••Bivalves, gastropods, cephalopods••Enchinoderms:••Starfish anatomyhhRotifers: parthenogenic••Coelenterates and porifera:••Coelenterates: hollow-intestined invertebrates, polyp, medusa,hydra, jellyfish, sea anemones, corals••Porifera (sponges):hhAnatomy and physiology••Annelids:••Earthworms:••Characteristics and anatomy and physiologyhhSea worms••Leeches••Flatworms and roundworms:••Platyhelminths:hhAnatomy of planarians, flukes, and tapewormsGrade 10 red indicates NEW MATERIAL••Nematodes:hhFilaria, hookworm, trichina, ascaris••Protozoa:••Flagellates:••Euglena:hhPellicle, binary fission••Trypanosome••Sarcodines:••AmoebahhForaminifera, radiolarla••Ciliates: paramecia, other ciliates••SporozoansCellular & Molecular Biology••Cytology—design and function of cells:••Variety and complexity of cells:••Discovery of cellshhVariety in cells, complexity of cells••Design of cells:hhDetails of cell structure and organelleshhLife and work of cells:hhMaintaining life, photosynthesis and cellular respirationhhActive transport, cell movement, cilia and flagellahhCell cycle and mitosis, chromatin, cell death••Heredity: continuity of life:••God’s provision for the continuity of life:••Heredity, geneshhDifferentiation, sexual reproduction, meiosishhClassical genetics:hhMendel’s experiments, law of dominance, genotype and phenotypehhPunnett squares, hybrids and hybridization, law of segregationhhCodominance, law of independent assortment, linkagehhPunnett square for dihybrid cross, Sutton’s hypothesishhMorgan’s research, sex chromosomes, sex-linked traitshhHuman genetics:hhDominant gene inheritance, codominancehhMultiple allele inheritancehhPleiotropy and polygenic inheritancehhSex-linked disorders, genetic advances, eugenics••DNA—regulation of life:••DNA:••Deoxyribonucleic acidhhWatson and Crick, chromosomes, storagehhStructure of RNA and DNA, bases, base pairing••Activities of DNA:h h“Central dogma of molecular biology,” DNA replicationhhRNA and transcription, constructing proteins, translation••Mutations189

Science Grade 11Chemistry Grade 11Chemistry: Precision and Design explores the many branches of chemistry to discover the ingeniousstructure and orderly function of God’s creation. The Christian perspective of this text rejects evolutionand recognizes special creation as the reasonable explanation for the origin and design of the universe.Although chemistry has been less permeated by evolutionary doctrine than biology or geology, one’s viewof origins does affect how he approaches the science of chemistry and how he applies chemical principlesto societal issues.Chemistry: Precision and Design recognizes God’s command for man to have dominion over the creation,and its goal is to teach how man might extend his “dominion” and make wiser use of the physicalcreation. This text presents chemistry as a foundational science and includes chapters on nuclear andorganic chemistry. It seeks not only to give students a solid basis in chemical principles, but also to helpstudents understand the practical application of these principles.Added Enrichment•• Feature boxes include:••Additional information on topics of interest••Chemistry in everyday objects••Highlights of God’s design in the chemistry of His creation••Innovations in chemistry••Chemical explanations of environmental issues••Laboratory exercises (30) red indicates NEW MATERIALEvaluation••Reading quizzes (18)••Review quizzes (27)••Science project (counts as test grade)••Tests (8), 9-weeks exam (2)••Semester exam, final examChemistry: An IntroductionhhBranches of chemistry, importance of chemistry••Purpose of science••Measurement in chemistry:••F.P.S. and metric system of (SI) units•• Prefixes, measuring length, volume, mass, temperature, and otherquantities••Scientific notation, precision and accuracy••Uncertainty, significant figures in measurement and calculation••Problem solving strategies, unit conversion••Matter:••States of matter, melting and boiling point, classification••John Dalton and atomic theoryhhLaws derived from atomic theory••Energy and matter:hhQuantitative treatment of kinetic energy••Energy changes in chemical reactions••First and second laws of thermodynamicshhIntroduction to spontaneity••Endothermic and exothermichhCareers in chemistryMatter••Properties and changes of matter:hhHeterogeneous and homogeneous matter••Properties of matter••Physical and chemical changeshhSeparation of mixtures••Elements:hhRelative abundance of elements••Element symbols and names••Subatomic particles:hhDiscovery of the electron, proton, and neutron••Other subatomic particles:••NeutrinohhPositron, meson••Atomic number, mass number, isotopes, and ions••Atomic mass:••Atomic mass unitshhMass spectrometer, mass spectrumStoichiometry••Formulas and names: types of chemical formulas, naming binarymolecular compoundshhNaming ionic compounds: names of ions, determining empiricalformulas••The mole:••Molecular masseshhRelative masses and Avogadro’s number, mole, molar mass••Balancing chemical equations:••Equations, reactants, products, law of conservation of masshhSteps for balancing equations••Classification of chemical reactions:••Combination (synthesis), decomposition, single displacement (substitution),and double displacement reactionshhNet ionic equationshhQuantitative relationships from the balanced equation:hhMole relationships, equivalencies in chemical reactionshhLimiting reactant, mass relationships in chemical reactions190Chemistry cont. p. 191

ScienceChemistry cont.Gases••Kinetic-molecular theory:hhFive assumptions of kinetic-molecular theory•• Gas pressure:••Pressure, barometerhhStandard atmosphere, manometers•• The gas laws:hhIdeal gas••Boyle’s law, Charles’s law, combined gas lawhhSTP, Gay-Lussac’s lawhhAvogadro’s law, molar volume, ideal gas equation••Diffusion, partial pressures, and stoichiometry:••DiffusionhhRates of diffusion, Graham’s law, partial pressurehhDalton’s law of partial pressures, stoichiometry and gaseshhStandard and nonstandard conditions: reactions with gasesChemical Thermodynamics•• Energy:••Kinetic and potential energyhhSystem, surroundings, internal energy•• Heat in chemical reactions:hhEnthalpy•• Endothermic and exothermic reactionshhCalorimetryhhSpecific heat, heat of reaction, thermochemical equationhhStandard state, enthalpy of formation, mass-heat calculations••Heat and changes of state: heat of fusion, heat of vaporization••Entropy: second law of thermodynamicsLight, Electrons, & Atomic Structure••Nature of light:••Property of waves:••Crest, trough, wavelength, amplitude, frequency, speed••Classical theories of light, electromagnetic wave, speed oflight, electromagnetic spectrum, quantum theory of lighthhPhoton, wave-particle duality••Electrons and the structure of the atom:••SpectrometerhhLine spectra, continuous spectra, hydrogen spectrumhhIntroductory quantitative treatment of Bohr model, details ofenergy levels, ground state, excited state, quantized, matter waveshhSchrödinger’s equation••Uncertainty principlehhDetailed description of electron-cloud model••Electron configuration and quantum numbers:hhProbability contours, orbital shapes, electron configuration••Four quantum numbers, Pauli exclusion principle, Hund’s rule••Valence electronshhLewis structuresPeriodic Table••Historical development of the periodic table:hhDöbereiner’s triads, Newland’s octaves•Grade 11 red indicates NEW MATERIAL• Periodic lawhhMendeleev’s table••Classification of the elements:••Group, periodhhNonmetals, metals, semimetals, representative element, transitionand inner transition metal••Brief description of several groups (alkali metals, etc.)hhPeriodicity of chemical properties: periodic properties of elements inthe alkali and alkaline earth metals, combining capacityhhElectron configurations and the periodic table: correlations betweenthe twohhPeriodic properties of the elements: atomic size, ionic size, ionizationenergy, metallic character, electron affinity, electronegativityThe Chemical Bond & Intermolecular Forces•• Types of chemical bonds:••Octet rule, explanation of ionic bonding, ionic crystalline solids••Explanation of covalent bonding, nonbonding and bonding electrons••Single, double, and triple bondshhNetwork covalent substances, metallic bonds••Polar and pure covalent bonds, dipolehhShapes and properties of molecules:hhLewis structures, delocalized electrons, resonancehhMolecular shapes, effect of shape on polar and nonpolarmolecules••Intermolecular forces: dipole-dipole, London forces, hydrogen bonds••Crystals: amorphous and crystalline solidshhUnit cells, close packingSelected Nonmetals & Their CompoundshhHydrogen: most abundant element in universe, properties,preparation, reactions, and useshhOxygen: occurrence, properties, preparation, reactions, and uses,hydrogen peroxide, free radicalshhNitrogen: occurrence, properties, preparation, reactions, and useshhPhosphorus: occurrence, properties, preparation, reactions, and uses;phosphateshhSulfur: occurrence, properties, preparation, reactions, and uses••Halogens:hhOccurrence, properties, preparation, reactions, and uses of stablehalogens••Noble gases:hhOccurrence, properties, compounds, and usesSelected Metals & Semimetals••Metallurgy:••OrehhProcessing ore••Alkali metals:hhOccurrence, properties, preparation, and uses; alkali metal compounds191Chemistry cont. p. 192

ScienceChemistry cont.Selected Metals & Semimetals cont.••Alkaline earth metals:hhOccurrence, properties, preparation, and uses••• Iron:• OccurrencehhProperties, production, steel refining, annealing, hardening, andtempering••Copper:hhOccurrence, properties, preparation, and uses••Precious Metals:hhOccurrence, properties, preparation, and uses of selected preciousmetals••Aluminum:hhOccurrence, properties, chemistry of preparation, and uses;thermite processhhOther metals: lead, titanium, and uraniumhhImportant semimetals and their compounds:hhSilicon and germanium:hhOccurrence, properties, preparation, and useshhSemiconducting propeties, silicates, glass, siliconeshhBoronSolutions & Colloids••Introduction to solutions:••Solution, solvent, solutehhMiscible and immisciblehhHydrated, solvated, dissociation and ionization••Factors affecting solution rateshhRules for solvent-solute interaction••Behavior of solutions:hhCrystallization, dynamic equilibrium••SolubilityhhSaturated, unsaturated, supersaturated••Effect of temperaturehhEffect of pressure on solubility, heat of solutionhhMeasuring solution concentration:hhGeneric concentration expressionhhMolar concentration or molarity, dilution, molality••Colligative properties:••Vapor pressure:hhEffects of solute, vapor pressure and changes of statehhBoiling point elevation and freezing point depressionhhElectrolytes and colligative propertieshhOsmotic pressure••Colloids:••Tyndall effect, Brownian motionhhTypes of colloidshhSoaps and detergentsChemical KineticshhIntroduction to chemical kinetics: reaction rate, collision theory•• Concentration, temperature, and reaction rate:hhQuantitative treatment••Activation energyhhTransition states and energy changes:hhTransition state theory, activated complexhhPotential energy in endothermic and exothermic reactionsGrade 11 red indicates NEW MATERIAL••Effects of a catalyst:••Alternate pathway with lower activation energyhhEnergy changes in catalyzed reactions, types of catalysts, inhibitors••EnzymeshhReaction mechanisms: steps to a reaction, chain mechanismsChemical Equilibrium•• Reversible reactions:••Chemical equilibriumhhEquilibrium concentrationshhLe Chatelier’s Principle: concentration changes, pressure changes,temperature changes, effects of a catalystAcids, Bases, & Salts•• Nature of acids and bases:••Characteristics of acids and baseshhArrhenius concept, Brønsted-Lowry concepthhConjugate acids and bases, naming acids and baseshhPolyprotic acids, acid and base anhydrideshhStrengths of acids and bases: strong and weak acids and baseshhAcids in chemical reactions:hhReactions with bases—neutralization, saltshhReactions with carbonates, bicarbonates, and metalshhEquivalents and normality: equivalent mass of acids and bases, normality••Ionic equilibrium in solution:hhIonization of water••pH scalehhpOH scale, pH measurement, acid-base indicatorshhAcid-base titrations: titration, equivalence point, end pointhhHydrolysis and buffers: principles of hydrolysis, characteristics of buffersOxidation-Reduction Reactions & ElectrochemistryhhOxidation and reduction processes:hhPrinciples of oxidation and reduction, oxidizing and reducing agentshhRedox reactions, strength of oxidizing and reducing agents••Electrochemical reactions:••Electric current, electrolyte, anode, cathode••Electrolysis:•• Molten sodium chloridehhWater, aqueous salt solutionhhHalf-reaction••Electroplating••Voltaic cells:hhConstruction, activity series, salt bridgehhElectrode potentials, standard electrode potentialhhSign conventions of anodes and cathodesNuclear Chemistry••Radioactivity:hhChanges in the nucleus—discovery•• Review of the nucleushhStable and unstable, nuclides••Radiation, radioactivity, types of radioactivity192Chemistry cont. p. 193

ScienceChemistry cont.Nuclear Chemistry cont.••Nuclear stability:hhDensity of the nucleus, strong nuclear force•• Radioactive decayhhNuclear mass defect, nuclear binding energy, electron volt, bindingenergy per nucleon••Nuclear reactions:••Important ruleshhDetails of alpha, beta, and gamma decay; neutron radiationhhPenetration ability••Half-lifehhActivity, units of measurementhhRadioactive decay series, bombardment reactionshhParticle accelerators, transuranium elementshhEffects of radiation on matter:hhIonizing radiation, effects on living tissuehhDetecting radiation, measuring radiationhhHealth effects, sources of exposure••Nuclear fission and fusion:hhDiscoveryhhDetails of chain reaction••Critical masshhAtomic bombhhNuclear reactor, enrichment••SafetyhhAccidents and meltdown, risks••Waste, breeder reactorhhChemistry of nuclear fusion, proposed confinement methods red indicates NEW MATERIALOrganic Chemistry••Introduction to organic chemistry: carbon bonding, isomer, structuralformula, functional group••Hydrocarbons:hhDetailed overview of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons:structure, nomenclature, and reactionshhSaturated and unsaturated, alkyl groups, benzenehhSources of hydrocarbons••• Substituted hydrocarbons:• Alcohols, carboxylic acids, esters:hhNomenclature, reactionshhAldehydes and ketones, amines, amides••Other substituted hydrocarbons:••HaloalkaneshhEpoxides, thiols••Polymer chemistry:••Monomer, polymerizationhhPolymers by chemical structure:hhPolyethylene, vinyls, polyesters, polyamides (nylon), polycarbonate,silicones••Biological polymers:••Protein, cellulose, chitin, glucose, and DNA••Biochemistry:••Proteins and amino acids, peptide bonds••Carbohydrates, sugars, mono-, di-, and polysaccharides••Fats, lipids, fatty acids, oils:••Saturated and unsaturatedhhSaponificationGrade 11193

SciencePhysics Grade 12Grade 12Physics: The Foundational Science describes the laws that govern the interactions between matter and energy. Clearand thorough explanations penetrate the most perplexing questions. Whenever possible, the principles of physicsare illustrated by everyday experience and practical devices. Numerous illustrative problems are solved in detail.This course will play an important role in showing students the harmony between scientific knowledge and Christianbelief. The premise of the book is that we live in a God-created world governed by laws discoverable by reverentscientific inquiry. Issues of vital importance to Christians are handled in depth.Physics: The Foundational Science adopts the traditional procedure of starting with solids, liquids, and gases—tangible things familiar to students. By putting the study of matter first, this course offers a smooth transitionbetween chemistry and physics. An extended treatment of mechanics follows so that the student will be wellprepared for further study in physics and engineering. While taking a traditional approach, this text more thanadequately covers the most recent developments in physics for a broad range of topics: from particle physics toelectronics and from lasers to relativity. The emphasis throughout is upon solid advances in knowledge rather thanupon theoretical speculation.Added Enrichment•• Feature boxes include:••Information on physics in action in the everyday world (10)••Articles highlighting Christian physicists and their contributions (6)••Information about related physics topics (3)••Key symbols and abbreviations at the beginning of each chapter••Key equations listed at the end of each chapter••Laboratory exercises (20) red indicates NEW MATERIALEvaluation••Reading quizzes (23)••Review quizzes (42)••Science project includes background paper, investigationplan, experimentation, follow-up paper, and oralpresentation (counts as 2 quiz grades and 2 test grades)••Tests (8), 9-weeks exam (2)••Semester exam, final examIntroduction to Physics•• Nature of science:••Branches of science, man’s dominion, God’s revelationhhClassical and modern physics••The Scientific Method: cogitation, observation, experimentation,scientific method, hypothesis, data••Measurement:••Units of measurement:hhFundamental and derived quantities••Systems of units:•• FPS, MKShhCGS••Standards of measurement:••Length, mass, timehhNeed for consistent standards••Scientific notation••Measurement calculations: metric-metric conversions, calculationswith physical qualities, dimensional analysis••Significant digits:••Determining, calculation rules, accuracy and precisionhhTolerance, error of measurement, systematic and random errors••Mathematical techniques:••Fractions, literal equations, proportionshhSteps in working physics problemsMatter•• Nature of matter:••Characteristics:••Inertia••Mass, weight, density, specific gravity194••Pure substances and mixtures:••Molecule, elemental molecule, compound, mixtures••Homogeneous, heterogeneous, solid, liquid, gas, plasma••Composition of matter:••Atom, nucleus, proton, atomic number, neutron, mass number••Isotope, atomic mass, atomic mass units••Electron, ion, anion, cation, element, periods, groups••Valence electrons••Elementary particles:••Einstein’s equation, photons, mass gain, nuclear mass defect••Subatomic particleshhElementary particles••QuarkshhHadrons, mesons, baryons, gluonhhLeptons••Neutrino, positron, gamma radiationhhPair production••Particle reactions:hhAntiparticles, antimatter, annihilation, electron capture••Heavy atoms••Radioactive decay, half-lifehhReaction implicationsLiquid State••Characteristics of a liquid:••Surface tension••Adhesion, cohesion••Capillarity:hhCapillary tubes, meniscusPhysics cont. p. 195

SciencePhysics cont.Liquid State cont.••Hydrostatics:••Law of liquid pressure:••Force, pressurehhDefined, equation, Pascal’s vases, water head, lateral forcehhPascal’s principle: transmission of liquid pressure, hydraulic devicehhArchimedes’ principle: derivation, buoyant forcehhHydrodynamics:hhPrinciple of viscosity: poisehhPrinciple of continuity:hhIdeal liquidshhCavitation, laminar flow, eddy currents, volume flow ratehhBernoulli’s principle: velocity and pressure, lateral pressureGaseous State••Air pressure:••Gases in the air, vacuum, atmospheric pressurehhGases compared to liquids:hhArchimedes’ principle, Bernoulli’s principle, airfoil••Barometers:hhHorror vacui, Pascal’s discovery••Standard atmospheric pressurehhGauge and absolute pressure••Aneroid barometer••Gas laws:••Boyle’s law, inverse proportion, Charles’s law••Absolute zero, absolute temperature, direct proportion••Combined gas law, Avogadro’s law, mole, Avogadro’s number••Universal gas constant, ideal gas lawhhPneumatic devices: entrained, water and exhaust pumps, compressors,siphonSolid State•• Characteristics of solids:••Elasticity, plasticityhhRigidity, resilience, elastic limithhMechanical working, forging, rolling, malleability, drawing, ductilityhhModuli of deformation:hhHooke’s law: tensile force, restorative forcehhForces of deformation: stress, strainhhTensile stress:hhTension, Young’s modulus, proportional limit, elastic limithhUltimate tensile strength, breaking point, brittle, compressionhhShear stress and volume stressIntroduction to MotionhhKinematics: translational, rectilinear, and curvilinear motion••Speed and velocity:••Rates of motion:•• VelocityhhConstant velocity, uniform, variable velocity, sign conventionhhVelocity equations: change in position over time, graph of displacementvs. time, instantaneous velocity••Acceleration:hhTypes of acceleration: average, uniform, variable••Acceleration equations:hhGraph of velocity vs. time, instantaneous acceleration, deceleration195 red indicates NEW MATERIALhhHorizontal motion: final velocity, average velocity, displacement,common equations••Vertical motion:hhFree-fall acceleration, effect of air resistance, terminal velocityVectors & Projectile Motion•• Introduction to vectors:••Vector propertieshhParallel, antiparallel, collinear, perpendicularhhSkewed, vector diagram, concurrent vectors••Resultant••Vector composition of collinear vectors••Vector composition of perpendicular vectors:hhParallelogram method••Pythagorean method:••MagnitudehhDirectionhhVector composition of skewed vectors:hhParallelogram method: law of cosines, law of sineshhVector resolutionhhVector composition revisited: component method•• Projectile motion:hhProjectile motion and gravity, rate of fall, final velocity, trajectoryhhEffect of air resistance, critical velocity••Escape velocityForces in Nature•• Newton’s three laws of motion:••Newton’s first law:••Inertia, forcehhFriction••Alternative formulations••Newton’s second law: determinants of force, units of force, meaningof mass, mass vs. weight••Newton’s third law: action-reaction••Friction—the cause, kinetic and static frictionhhLaws of kinetic friction, normal force:••Coefficients of friction: coefficients of kinetic and static frictionhhReducing friction: minimizing roughness, lubricating, rollers andbearings••Four fundamental forces: strong, electromagnetic, weak, and gravitationalforces••Gravity and gravitation—geocentric, heliocentric:••Laws of planetary motion:••Empirical, law of orbitshhMathematical description of law of areas••Aphelion, perihelionhhQuantitative treatment of law of periods••Universal gravitation:hhKinematics, dynamics••Universal law of gravitation, Cavendish’s measurement of GhhEarth’s gravitational field:hhFactors affecting g, static equilibrium, center of gravityhhStable, unstable, and neutral equilibrium, instabilityhhDetermining the CG, multiple suspensions, center of masshhGravitational field, gravitational field strengthGrade 12Physics cont. p. 196

SciencePhysics cont.Concurrent ForceshhForce as a vector:hhFree-body diagram, principle of transmissibility, tensionhhCenter of gravity, friction, translational equilibrium, equilibranthhForce problems:hhFriction, level surfaces, angled forces, inclined planehhLoad-bearing structuresCircular & Periodic MotionhhUniform circular motion:hhCentripetal acceleration: rate of, centripetal force, centrifugalforce, roadway and railway curveshhPeriodic motion:hhMotion of a spring:hhSpring constant, equilibrium, oscillatory motionhhPeriod, amplitude, frequency, simple harmonic motionhhMotion of a pendulum: laws of a pendulum, physical pendulumhhResonance: natural frequency, resonanceWork & Machines•• Work:••Scientific definition, work and force, basic work equation••Units of work, scalar quantityhhApplied at an anglehhConcurrent applied forceshhNegative work, net work, work and potential energy••Power: watt, horsepower, defining work in terms of powerhhSimple machines:••Lever:hhLaw of levers, fulcrum, load••Input force, output force, input distance, output distance••Input lever arm, output lever arm, input work, output work••Mechanical advantage, classes of levers••Inclined plane, wedge, and screw; pulley: block and tackle; wheeland axle••EfficiencyEnergy & Momentum•• Energy:••Kinetic energy:hhKinetic energy equation, work and kinetic energy, relative contributionsof mass and velocity••Potential energy:hhGravitational, elastic forcehhConservative forces: nonconservative force, dissipative force••Conservation of energy:hhMechanical energyhhLaw of conservation of mechanical energy••Law of conservation of energy••Momentum:hhOriginal formulation of Newton’s second law:hhTwo useful interpretations••Law of conservation of momentumhhColliding objects:hhElastic and inelastic collisions, elastic one-dimensional collisionshhCompletely inelastic one-dimensional collisionshhImpulse196 red indicates NEW MATERIALRotary Motion: Angular, Circular, & Rotary MotionhhAngular velocity and angular acceleration:hhArc length, rim speed, radianshhRotary motion:hhh Angular displacement, angular velocity, and angular accelerationh Basic equations for rotary motion, linear motion and angular motionhhRadian measure for circular motionhhRotational inertia: experimental study of, equation for, I for variousbodieshhTorque:hhLaw of torque: radius of a forcehhWork, power, kinetic energy, and momentum:hhTotal kinetic energy of moving bodyhhConservation of energy in rotary motionhhConservation of angular momentumhhFlywheelshhAngular momentum as a vector:hhRight-hand rulehhGyroscopehhParallel forces:hhEffects of parallel forces on rotating bodyhhEffects of static equilibrium: translational equilibrium, rotationalequilibriumHeat•• Thermometry:••Thermal equilibrium••Constructing a temperature scale:••Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin scaleshhTriple point, absolute scale••Converting among temperature scaleshhThermal expansion:hhEffects of heating a solid: linear, area, and volume expansionhhLiquid expansion••Heat exchange:hhCaloric theory••Units of heat••Law of heat exchange:••Heat capacity••Specific heat••Phase changes: melting, freezing, exothermic, heat of vaporization,condensation, calorimeter, calorimetry••Heat transfer:hhHeat conduction, thermal conductor, thermal conductivityhhThermal insulator, heat flow••Conduction, convection, radiationLaws of Thermodynamics•• First Law of Thermodynamics:••Internal energy:••System, surroundingshhClosed system, open system, isolated systemhhEquilibrium, internal energy, thermal energy••Mechanical equivalent of heat••ThermodynamicshhInternal energy equationhhQualitative explanation of adiabatic processes, isothermalGrade 12Physics cont. p. 197

SciencePhysics cont.Laws of Thermodynamics cont.• • Ideal gas law:hhReversible and irreversible processes••• Second Law of Thermodynamics:• Entropy:hhQuantitative definition••Tendency to minimum energy and maximum entropyhhOther formulations of the second lawhhCause of ordered complexityhhEvolution and the second law of thermodynamics: evolution’schallenge to sciencehhZeroth and Third Laws of Thermodynamics: thermal equilibriumWaves•• Transverse waves:••Wave pulse, crest, troughhhElastic medium••Energy transport••Wave properties:hhSimple harmonic motion, sinusoidal, periodic•• Frequency, period, speed, wavelength, amplitudehhWave classification:hhOne-, two-, and three-dimensional waveshhInterface, wavefront, ray; straight, spherical, and plane waves••• Longitudinal waves:• Compression pulse, rarefaction pulse, longitudinal waveshhSinusoidal character of longitudinal waves••Water waves, sound waves••Boundary effects:••Reflection:••Angle of incidence, angle of reflection, law of reflection, reflectionof sound, sonar••Refraction: of sound waves••Diffraction: of sound waves••Superposition:hhComposite wave trains••Constructive and destructive interferencehhStanding wave train, standing wave:hhNode, antinode, loop, envelope of oscillationSound••Nature of sound:hhGraphical representation of sound waves:hhDisplacement and pressure wave trains••Speed of sound:hhHardness••Density, temperature, effect of air temperature••Doppler effect:hhGeneral Doppler equation••Sonic booms, supersonic speed, shock wave••Characteristics of sound:••Intensity:hhThreshold of hearing, quantitative treatment, amplifying••Loudness:hhNonlinear receiver, relative intensity, quantitative treatment••Decibel197 red indicates NEW MATERIAL••Pitch:hhSonic spectrum, mean free path, audio spectrum••Infrasonic and ultrasonic waveshhCavitationhhEar’s nonlinear response to frequencyNature of Light••Early light theories:hhAncient contributions, camera obscura, rectilinear propagation••Huygens’ theory•• Newton’s theory:hhCorpuscleshhYoung’s demonstration, Herschel’s discovery••Infrared rays••Maxwell’s theory, electromagnetic waves, photons, wave-particleduality••Electromagnetic spectrum:••Nature of an electromagnetic wave: range of wavelengths, electromagneticspectrum, Planck’s constant••Regions within the electromagnetic spectrum: visible light, infrared,ultraviolet••Color:••Spectrum of visible light:••ROY G. BVhhSolar spectrum••Monochromatic, composite light••Light mixing:••Additive mixing, primary colorshhSecondary and complementary colors••Objects’ colors:••Surface colorhhTransparent, translucent, opaque, color filters, hue, pure color,brightness••Pigment mixing:••Subtractive mixing, subtractive primarieshhSubtractive secondariesReflection of Light••Laws of reflection:Grade 12hhAbsorbed, scattered, transmitted, reflected, reflectance, specularand diffuse reflection••First law of reflectionhhSecond law of reflectionhhMirror images:hhPlane mirrors: virtual and real images, right-angled mirror, doublemirrorhhConcave mirrors:hhSpherical mirrors, concave, convexhhVertex, center of curvature, principal axishhSecondary axis, radius of curvature, aperture, point sourcehhFocal point, focal length, focal plane, ray diagramhhPrincipal rays: central, parallel, and focal rays; real and virtual imagehhConvex mirrors: spherical aberrationhhParabolic mirrorshhMirror equation:hhEstablishing the mirror equation: geometric relationships,important sign conventionshhLateral magnification: comparing heights, important referencesPhysics cont. p. 198

SciencePhysics cont.Refraction of Light••Laws of refraction:hhOptical density•• RefractionhhRefractive index, refractometerhhFirst law of refraction: angle of incidence, angle of refractionhhSecond law of refraction: principle of reversibility•• Refraction effects: miragehhTotal internal reflection: critical angle••Lenses:••Convex and concave lenseshhPlanar lenses, sign convention, focal length of lenshhConverging lenses:hhPrincipal axis, principal focal point, optical center, focal lengthhhSecondary focal point, converging images, ray diagramshhOptical plane; parallel, central, and focal rayshhDiverging lenseshhLensmaker equationhhThin lens equation:hhLateral magnification: lens combinations, corrective lenseshhMyopia, hyperopia, power of a lensWave Optics••Interference:hhIn phase, out of phase, antinode, nodehhNewton’s rings: fringes, cause of, optically flat•• Interference fringes in soap film:hhMonochromatic and color fringes••Iridescence••Diffraction:••Obstacle diffraction: umbra, penumbra••Single-slit diffraction: diffraction fringes, antinode, node, fringeformationhhMultiple-slit diffraction: double slits, coherent light, triple slits,zeroth-order maximum, first-order maximum, second-ordermaximum••Diffraction gratings:hhDiffraction angle, grating constant, reflection grating, transmissiongrating, phase gratings••Dispersion:••Dispersion of white light:••By a prismhhBy diffracting gratinghhChromatic aberration••Rainbows:••Formation, primary bow, secondary bowhhSupernumerary bows, miniature bows, lunar bow••Polarization: unpolarized, polarized, by selective absorption, byreflectionhhScattering, structural colorsElectrostatics•• Charge:••Static electricity: discharge, law of electric charges, neutralized••Charge carriers:••Anion, cation••Current in gases, liquids, and solids••Conductors, delocalized electrons, insulators, semiconductors red indicates NEW MATERIAL••Transfer of charge: conduction, induction, grounded, electroscope••Coulomb’s law:••Law of electric force, coulombhhMicrocoulombs, permittivityhhComparing gravitation and electric force, charge conservation••Electric fields:hhElectric field strength: first formulation, second formulation••Electric field maps:••Lines of force••Uniform fieldhhElectric potential:hhElectric potential energy vs. electric potentialhhPotential differencehhPotential gradient: GPE, EPEhhDistribution of free electrons: corona discharge, equipotentialsurface, equipotential linesMagnetism•• Magnetic materials:••Dipolarity: magnetite, lodestone, north pole, south pole, dipolar,monopoles, law of magnetic poles••Making magnets:••Magnetization, contact, induction, demagnetization, keeper,temporary vs. permanent magnetshhPermalloy, alnico••Coulomb’s law of magnetic force••Magnetic fields:••Mapping a magnetic field, lines of fluxhhMagnetic induction••Permeability••Magnetic moment:••Spin magnet, orbital magnets, domain theoryhhSaturation••Diamagnetic, paramagnetic, ferromagnetic••Electromagnets:hhConventional current••Oersted’s discoveryhhAmpere’s right-hand rule••SolenoidhhMagnetic force: two loops or two solenoids, two parallel conductors,ampere, coulomb, force of a straight conductorhhDefining magnetic induction:hhDirection of magnetic force: three-finger ruleshhForce on a moving chargehhMagnetic flux: flux densityCurrent Generation•• Electromagnetic induction:••Current in a moving conducting loop:hhRight-handed three-finger rule, magnetic flux••Electromagnetic inductionhhDifferent motions in a magnetic field••Galvanometer••Discovery of electromagnetic induction:hhLaw of inductionhhLenz’s law: direction of currentGrade 12198Physics cont. p. 199

SciencePhysics cont.Current Generation cont.•• Electric generators:••Simple AC generators: armature, slip rings, brushes, alternatingcurrent, AC frequency••Simple DC generators: direct current, commutatorhhComplex generators: rotor, stator, prime mover, three-phase current••Motors:hhMotor effect: electric motor, torque, torque arm, two-pole motorhhEnergy losses: hysteresis, eddy currents••Electrochemical cells:••Current production: electrodes, electrolyte, salt bridge, load,anode, cathode, electromotive force••Batteries: cells in series and in parallel••Thermoelectricity:hhSeebeck effect: thermocouple, Seebeck voltage and effecthhPeltier effect••Piezoelectricity:hhPiezoelectric effect and devicesElectric Circuits•• Resistance:••Defining resistancehhResistance in a conductorhhOhmic, nonohmic, resistivity••RheostathhNichrome••Insulators, semiconductor, conductor, superconductivity••Ohm’s Law:••Elements of a circuit: current source, conventional current••Circuits with a single resistance: Ohm’s law••IR drop: voltage, energy transactionshhQuantitative treatment of equivalent resistance:hhSeries and parallel resistorshhRules for resistances in serieshhEquivalent parallel resistance, rules for resistance in parallel••Complex circuits:••Networks••Circuit resistance and current:••Open circuithhOpen-circuit voltage••Closed circuithhClosed-circuit voltage••Short circuithhMeasuring electricity: multimeter, galvanometer, ammeter,voltmeter, ohmmeterhhKirchhoff’s Laws: first law, junctions, principle of charge conservation,second lawElectrical Devices•• Electrical work:••Work and heat:hhCalculation of joule heat••Work and power:hhThree equations for electric power••Energy consumption red indicates NEW MATERIAL• Effective values of current and voltage: house current, in phase••Capacitor:hhCalculating capacitance: farad, dielectric, dielectric constant,permittivity of free space, dielectric strengthhhCapacitor combinations: parallel and series capacitorshhInductance: single loop, self-induced emf, coil, self-inductance,inductor, mutual inductancehhInductor combinations: series and parallel inductors, series-aidingand series-opposing combinations••Transformers:hhTransformer equation••Step-up and step-down transformershhEfficiencyAdvanced Physics Concepts•• Quantum theory:••Blackbody radiation:••IncandescencehhRadiancyhhStefan-Boltzmann law, Wien’s law••Quanta: Planck, quantum theory••Photons:• Photoelectric effect:hhPhotoelectrons, work functionhhSaturation potential, stopping potentialhhThreshold frequency, Eistein’s hypothesis, Compton effect••Matter waves:hhMomentum of light••De Broglie’s equation, matter waveshhWave-particle duality, complementarity••Quantum numbers:••Pauli exclusion principle, orbital••Principal, subshell, magnetic, and spin quantum numbershhAngular momentum••Spectral lines:••Line emission spectra:••Line absorption spectrum, emission spectra and classicaltheory, quantized, ground and excited stateshhQuantitative relationships between wavelength, energy, andquantum numbers••Wave mechanics:hhWave mechanical model, wave function••Uncertainty principle:hhMathematical formulation, philosophical implicationsRelativity••Speed of light:Grade 12hhGalileo’s, Rømer’s, and Michelson’s methods; ether, interferometer••Theories of relativity:hhPhysical absolutes, relativism:••Special relativity:••Five applications, rest mass, time dilation, length contractionhhQuantitative aspects••General relativity: its effects, conclusion199

Life of Moses SERIES 3Life of Moses SERIES 1Jesus Sti ls the Storm7 Lessons—35 Cards1 Journey to Kadesh-Barnea2 The Twelve Spies3 The Rebellion of Korah4 Moses Strikes the Rock5 The Serpent of Brass6 Balaam, the False Prophet7 Moses Sees the PromisedLandLesson Guide IncludedLife of Moses SERIES 26 Lessons—34 Cards1 The Baby in the River2 The Burning Bush3 The Contest with Pharaoh4 The First Nine Plagues5 The Passover6 Crossing the Red SeaLesson Guide IncludedZacchaeusFlash-a-Card75833006abeka.comFlash-a-Card®7 Lessons • 37 Cards1 Jesus Stills the Storm2 Transfiguration3 Jesus and the Lepers4 Lazarus and the Rich Man5 Rich Young Ruler6 Zacchaeus7 Friends at BethanyLesson Guides Included®abeka.comFlash-a-Cardabeka.com7 Lessons—28 Cards1 Marah: God Heals the Bitter Waters2 God Gives Meat and Manna3 Rephidim: God Gives Waterfrom the Rock4 God Saves the People from Amalek5 Sinai: God Speaks to the People6 The Golden Calf7 The Ten CommandmentsLesson Guide Included®Flash-a-Cardabeka.comBibleExodus— First Semester Grade 7Grade 7Moses in EGYPTJourneythrough the WILDERNESSJourney to SINAI´kqf'a¨75817007Bible 7 consists of two semester courses: Exodus and the Life of Christ.Exodus is designed to give students a basic overview of the way Godmiraculously delivered His people out of captivity and led them into thePromised Land.When we understand many of the Israelites’ struggles and how God’speople often turned away from His leading, it shows us how God willdeal with us if we stray from trusting in His perfect plan. By studyingExodus, students will clearly see God’s patience and mercy as He dealswith His people.Evaluation•• Verses:••Verse quizzes (11)••9-weeks verses exam (1)••Final verses exam (1)••Content:••Quiz on the books of the Bible (1)••9-weeks content exam (1)••Final content exam (1)´krR''¨75825007´ks>&P¨ red indicates NEW MATERIALLessons 142 A Beka Flash-a-Cards••Abraham through Joseph (14 lessons)••Moses in Egypt (17)••Journey to Sinai (15)••Journey through the Wilderness (18)••Tabernacle (6)Music 37 songs••Hymns of the faith, choruses, holiday songsMemory Work••Passages (11 containing 34 verses) and the books of the BiblePrayer Time••Learn to pray for each other, our nation, those in authority over usLife of Christ— Second Semester Grade 7LaterMinistry ofLife of Christ • Series 4JesusThis second-semester course focuses on the many narratives in theGospels and covers Christ’s life from His birth through His ascension.The example that Christ set for believers, both then and now, helps uspattern our lives after our Savior. Christ’s teaching and miracles showus what He valued and help us understand His earthly ministry in amore complete way.Evaluation•• Verses:••Verse quizzes (13)••9-weeks verses exam (1)••Final verses exam (1)••Content:••9-weeks content exam (1)••Tests (4)••Final content exam (1)´kBR!}¨75345001 red indicates NEW MATERIALLessons 178 A Beka Flash-a-Cards••First Christmas (8 lessons)••Boyhood & Early Ministry of Jesus (17)••Jesus Heals & Helps (13)••Later Ministry of Jesus (12)••Crucifixion and Resurrection (17)Music 40 songs••Hymns of the faith, holiday songs, chorusesMemory Work••Passages (13 containing 35 verses)Prayer Time••Learn to pray for each other, our nation, those in authority over us200

7 Lessons—31 Cards1 Temple’s Foundation Laid2 Temple Completed3 Ezra the Priest4 Nehemiah the Cupbearer5 Enemies Without andWithin6 Wall Completed7 Wall DedicatedLesson Guide Included®Flash-a-Cardabeka.com®BibleBook of Acts— First Semester Grade 8Bible 8 consists of two parts: Book of Acts and Joshua and Judges.This first-semester course is designed to give students a basic overview of thelife of Peter and Paul, the beginning of the church, and the spread of the gospelto the Gentiles and eventually to the world through Paul’s missionary travels.Through the Book of Acts, students may see the power of God at work in Hiswilling servants. His servant Paul is a real person—a person with feelings justlike anyone else. Yet Paul’s reactions to the trials of life and his indomitablefaith in the power of Christ separated him from the nominal Christian life. Hislife serves as an example for all believers to follow.Evaluation•Grade 8• Verses:••Verse quizzes (14)••9-weeks verses exam (1)••Final verses exam (1)••Content:••9-weeks content exam (1)••Final content exam (1) red indicates NEW MATERIALLessons 129 A Beka Flash-a-Cards••John the Baptist/Peter (19 lessons)••Crucifixion and Resurrection (16)••Life of Paul Series 1 (14)••Life of Paul Series 2 (21)Music 44 songs••Hymns of the faith, choruses, holiday songsMemory Work••Passages (14 containing 48 verses)Prayer Time••Learn to pray for each other, our nation, those in authority over usJoshua & Judges— Second Semester Grade 8Ezra &NehemiahThe second-semester course, Joshua and Judges, focuses on thenation of Israel after their triumphant exodus from Egypt. Theexciting, dramatic account of the conquering of the Promised Landwill remind the student of the power of God and the provision forHis people. This course begins with the anointing of Joshua andends with the rule of Israel’s judges.Evaluation•• Verses:••Verse quizzes (14)••9-weeks verses exam (1)••Final verses exam (1)••Content:••9-weeks content exam (1)••Final content exam (1)´.2H0>¨14184016 red indicates NEW MATERIALLessons 154 A Beka Flash-a-Cards••Joshua (16 lessons)••Judges (19)••Ruth (5)••Life of Samuel (9)••Esther (8)••Ezra and Nehemiah (15)Music 40 songs••Hymns of the faith, holiday, chorusesMemory Work••Passages (14 containing 44 total verses)Sword Drill 85 verses••Old and New TestamentPrayer Time••Learn to pray for each other, our nation, those in authority over us201

BibleKings of Israel Grade 9Kings of Israel charts the course of Israel’s history. First semester covers the lives of Saul,David, and Solomon—the kings of the United Kingdom of Israel—up to the division ofthe kingdom between Israel and Judah. Second semester covers the kings of Israel andJudah, the Assyrian and Babylonian captivities, and the return of the Jewish people toJerusalem.Information is given in an easy-to-follow outline format. Numerous applications are givenfor nearly every outline to help students understand how these portions of Scripturerelate to the temptations and problems they face every day. red indicates NEW MATERIALEvaluation•Grade 9• Verses:••Verse quizzes (28)••9-weeks verses exams (2)••Semester verses exam (1)••Final verses exam (1)••Content:••Quizzes (10)••Quizzes on the books of the Bible (2)••9-weeks exams (2)••Semester exam (1)••Final exam (1)Lessons 137••Samuel: God directs Samuel to choose a king for Israel••Saul:••Saul is chosen to be king••Saul disobeys God••David:••Chosen to be king••His faith in God when fighting Goliath••Flees from Saul••Davidic kingdom established••Sin committed with Bathsheba and repentance••Importance of proper friendships: David and Jonathan••Absalom’s rebellion and defeat••Sin and consequences in taking census••Character of DavidhhPsalms:hhDecision and destinyhhPraising the Lord••Solomon:••Asks for God’s wisdom••Monarchy of Israel with Solomon as kinghhChristian and civil authorityhhBuilding and dedication of the TemplehhSunset of Israel’s Golden AgehhProverbs: selected topics such as truths about your heart,communicating with others, work, honesty, correction, money, andrelationshipshhThe Divided Kingdom: contrasts in North and South••Elijah:••Elijah proclaims drought••Mount Carmel contest with Ahab and false prophets••Discouraged by Jezebel’s letterhhJehoshaphat and Ahab demonstrate need for Christian separation••Elijah enters Heaven••Elisha: his calling and miracleshhCountdown to captivityhhHezekiah: prayer and testhhIsaiah: prophet of GodhhJosiah: last good kinghhLast kings of Judah witness destruction of Jerusalem••Daniel:••Nebuchadnezzar’s dream of world empires••Nebuchadnezzar exalted and humbled••Darius sees handwriting on wall••Esther boldly stands before the king••Ezra: children of Israel return to rebuild the Temple••Nehemiah shows leadership skills in building wall and working withpeopleMusic 91 songs••Choruses, hymns of the faith, holiday songsMemory Work••Passages (28 containing 97 verses)••Books of the BiblePrayer Time••Learn to pray for each other, our nation, those in authority over us202

Bible Grade 10Bible Doctrines Grade 10Christians need to know what they believe and why they believe it so they can be builtup in their faith and equipped to present their beliefs intelligently and effectively toothers. Bible Doctrines for Today is written as a practical, personal study designed toreach both the head and the heart of the student. It covers all major doctrines: theBible, God, Christ, the Holy Spirit, man, salvation, the Church, angels, and end times.Important terms and definitions of these doctrines will be explained, illustrated, andapplied to the student’s life. Many memory verses are correlated with the text to confirmthe doctrinal truths being presented. red indicates NEW MATERIALEvaluation•• Verses:••Verse quizzes (28)••9-weeks verses exams (2)••Semester verses exam (1)••Final verses exam (1)••Content:••Quiz on the books of the Bible (1)••Quizzes (8)••9-weeks exams (2)••Semester exam (1)••Final content exam (1)Lessons 137hhVarious biblical doctrines such as: Bibliology (18 lessons), Theology(16), Christology (12), Pneumatology (6), Anthropology (9), Soteriology(11), Ecclesiology (8), Angelology (9), and Eschatology (18)hhBibliology—doctrine of the Bible:hhRevelation and inspiration of the ScriptureshhAuthenticity, credibility, and canonicity of the ScriptureshhTheology—doctrine of God:hhArguments for His existencehhAttributes, sovereignty, nature, and names of GodhhHis work of Creation and providencehhChristology—doctrine of Christ:hhNames and nature of Jesus ChristhhSignificance of Christ’s supernatural life••Humiliation, crucifixion, resurrection, and exaltation of JesusChristhhPneumatology—doctrine of the Holy Spirit:hhHoly Spirit’s past and present workhhGifts and graces of the Holy SpirithhBlasphemy against the Holy SpirithhAnthropology—doctrine of man:••Origin of man and sin on earthhhSeriousness of sinhhSoteriology—doctrine of salvation:hhNecessity of and faith for salvationhhJustification, sanctification, and adoptionhhBlessings and assurance of salvationhhEcclesiology—doctrine of the church:hhOrganization, ordinance, and mission of the churchhhAngelology—doctrine of angels:hhNames and titles of specific angelshhSatan: his present and future positionhhEschatology—doctrine of last things:hhThe rapture of the churchhhJudgment Seat of Christ for the savedhhTribulation on earthhhChrist’s second coming to earth and millennial reignhhGreat White Throne Judgment for the losthhPersonal eschatologyhhReality of heaven and hellMusic 90 songs••Hymns of the faith, gospel songs, choruses, holiday songsMemory Work••Passages (32 containing 94 verses)••Salvation (5)••The authenticity of the Scriptures (6)••The Man of sorrows (6)••Being wise (3)••Being of one mind (4)••Preeminence of Christ (4)••The Everlasting and All-Knowing God (10)••Praises to God (3)••Serving with gladness (5)••Books of the BiblePrayer Time••Learn to pray for each other, our nation, those in authority over us203

Bible Grade 11Jesus & His Followers— First Semester Grade 11Jesus and His Followers traces the life of Christ from His arrival as a Babe in Bethlehem,through His death on the cross at Calvary, to His ascension into heaven. This practical, personalstudy of the gospels is designed to reach both the head and the heart of the student.Through the teachings of Jesus and the example He set for His followers, the student learnshow to live a more abundant and fruitful Christian life. Practical applications and thoughtprovokingquestions encourages the student to examine his walk with Christ and applyGod’s Word to his life. Memory passages have been selected to correlate with the topicsdiscussed to help the student become grounded in the Scriptures. red indicates NEW MATERIALEvaluation•• Verses:••Verse quizzes (16)••9-weeks verses exam (1)••Final verses exam (1)••Content:••Unit quizzes (8)••9-weeks content exam (1)••Final content exam (1)Lessons 72hhThe Bible—God communicates with us:hhHow our English Bible came to ushhThe English Bible in the 20th CenturyhhFour portraits of Christ in the Gospels••Jesus’ birth and preparation for ministry:••The first Christmas••In the Temple at age twelve••Jesus is baptized••The trinity of God••The purpose of water baptism••Salvation is a prerequisite••Jesus is tempted•• The background of the tempterhhThe essence of temptation••Jesus’ early ministry:••Miracle at the wedding in CanahhWhat Scripture says about alcoholhhDrugs—a blessing or a curse?••Jesus cleanses the Temple••The Spirit of God dwelling in the believerhhNew birth and the new nature••Samaritan woman at the well••His popular ministry in Galilee:••Jesus heals and forgives sinhhCauses of sickness••Ten lepers and Jairus’s daughterhhPromises for answered prayer••Feeding the multitude••Jesus walks on water and offers living Bread••Jesus meets with oppositionhhJesus meets demonic activity••The Master Teacher:••Jesus teaches through parables••Jesus calls the disciples and chooses apostles••Jesus teaches His followers to pay taxes••Jesus reveals what hell is likehhVarious Encounters: The Sabbath encounter••Christ encounters the hypocritical Pharisees:••Mount of TransfigurationhhTwo ways to increase faith••Encounters with a young ruler and Zacchaeus••Widow’s Son and Lazarus••The Passion Week:••Triumphal entry••Passover supper and Garden of Gethsemane••Paul instructs the church about the Lord’s table••Jesus speaks to the elevenhhThe vine and the brancheshhPersecution inevitably awaits His followershhJesus’ prayer for His disciples••Jesus’ trial and crucifixion••Resurrection: Post-resurrection appearances••AscensionhhSermon on the MounthhThe Beatitudes produce “overflowing joy”hhDisciples called to be “salt” and “light”hhGuidelines for giving and prayinghhThe Lord’s Prayer—an outline for prayerhhGuidelines to combat materialismhhPractical points to avoid pitfallsMusic 51 songs••Hymns, gospel songs, holiday songsMemory Work••Passages (16 containing 48 verses)Prayer Time• • Learn to pray for others, missions, our nation, those in authority overus. Include praise and thanksgiving to God.204

Bible Grade 11Life Management— Second Semester Grade 11The successful Christian life is a life under biblical management. Life Managementunder God is an application of biblical principles in practical areas of life. Each lessonprovides a marvelous opportunity to apply God’s truth to everyday problems andsituations. Great effort has been taken to also include critical topics from a scripturalpoint of view. This study can help each student obtain success by instructing him onhow to apply the Word of God, life’s greatest certainty, to his own life. red indicates NEW MATERIALEvaluation•• Verses:••Verse quizzes (17)••9-weeks verses exam (1)••Final verses exam (1)••Content:••Unit quizzes (7)••9-weeks content exam (1)••Final content exam (1)Lessons 70hhHow to relate to others:hhBeing a friendhhRelationships with the opposite sexhhGetting along with your familyhhLearning to forgivehhLiving courteouslyhhYour safety and well-being:hhFirst aid••Alcohol and tobacco•• Illegal drugshhDeveloping balanced living habits:hhNutrition for optimum livinghhExercise for vibrant livinghhDealing with stress and fatiguehhPromoting spiritual healthhhJob success:hhPart-time work and your life’s workhhHow to get a jobhhHow to get along with your boss and relate to your fellow workershhTaking responsibility:hhTime management for efficient livinghhManaging your moneyhhResponsibilities of citizenshiphhPreparing for marriage from a biblical perspective:hhFalling in lovehhLiving with your marriage partnerhhLooking at the issue of divorcehhFornication and adulteryhhSexually transmitted diseaseshhIssues that affect your life:hhCreation versus evolution, abortionhhGambling, social networkingMusic 44 songs••Songs, holiday songsMemory Work••Passages (29 containing 72 verses)Prayer Time••Learn to pray for each other, our nation, those in authority over us205

1747340112 12Bible Grade 12´1OB!-¨Genesis— First Semester Grade 12Genesis—First Things introduces the student to the fascinating record of God’s Creationand the beginning of Israel, His chosen nation. Relevant topics such as marriage, government,and the sanctity of life are addressed from a Christian perspective through thestories of Genesis. This course imparts practical application and proposes many thoughtprovokingquestions that encourage a student to think biblically and develop a Christianworld-view. Memory passages have been selected to correlate with the topics discussedand help the student become grounded in the Word of God. red indicates NEW MATERIALEvaluation•• Verses:••Verse quizzes (15)••9-weeks verses exam (1)••Final verses exam (1)••Content:••Content quizzes (6)••9-weeks content exam (1)••Final content exam (1)Lessons 71hhAbout Genesis:hhThe inspiration of the sacred ScriptureshhThe Bible and scientific discoveries••Creation and the nature of man:•• Man is the crown jewel of creationhhMan’s practice of paganism••Man’s dominion of the earth••Beginning of marriage and family:••Perfect marriage••Adam’s Fall••Cain, Abel, and SethhhEarth’s great catastrophe and its effect on man:••Noah prepares the arkhhAfter the Flood:hhAtmospheric changeshhCivil government mandate••Nations begin to form:••Tower of BabelhhOrigin of nations••Beginning of Israel: journeys of Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and JosephMusic 48 songs••Hymns of the faith, holiday songsMemory Work••Passages (15 containing 49 verses)Prayer Time••Learn to pray for each other, our nation, those in authority over us206

Bible Grade 12Book of the Revelation—Second Semester Grade 12Using the seven churches of Asia Minor as an outline of church history, Book of the Revelationchronicles the life of the church from the apostolic church of the first century to theLaodicean church of the twentieth century. The text focuses particularly on godly men andwomen who allowed themselves to be used by God. This gives students a greater appreciationfor their Christian heritage and provides them with good role models such as JohnWycliffe, George Whitefield, David Livingstone, Fanny Crosby, and Billy Sunday. Book of theRevelation continues with a look at the future events revealed to John on the isle of Patmos.The prophecies of Revelation are clearly explained to help students develop a greater desirefor the Lord’s return and to encourage them to watch and be ready.Evaluation•• Verses:••Verse quizzes (13)••9-weeks verses exam (1)••Final verses exam (1)••Content:••Content quizzes (15)••Test (1)••Final content exam (1) red indicates NEW MATERIALLessons 69hhChurch history:hhEphesus: seven periods of church historyhhSmyrna: some famous martyrshhPergamos:hhEmperor ConstantinehhArian and Augustine and the Pelagian controversieshhDoctrine of Balaam weakens the believershhDoctrine of the Nicolaitans gets a strongholdhhThe spread of the Gospel to Africa and IrelandhhThyatira:hhRise of the PapacyhhDoctrines of menhhLong line of popeshhReactions and divisions:hhMohammed and IslamhhEastern Catholics break with the Roman ChurchhhSardis:hhThe English ReformationhhState churches and denominationshhSeparatists and pilgrimshhPhiladelphia:hhPietists and MoravianshhGreat Awakening circuit riding preachers and camp meetingshhAmerica’s Second Great AwakeninghhVictorian ErahhHeroes of the faith in the 1800shhSatan’s response to the Philadelphia Church:hhThe rise of false philosophies and cultshhHow we should respond when encountering a culthhLaodicea:hhRevival fires in the first half of the 20th Century: Satan countermoveswith Neo-orthodoxyhhThe Laodicean Church in the last half of the 20th Century:hhHistory of New EvangelicalismhhSocial revolution in the 1960s and ’70shhProgressive Education and Materialism impact the LaodiceanChurchhhThings to come:hhRapture of the Church:hhWhy we believe the Rapture occurs before the TribulationhhThrone of God and Six Seal Judgments:hhThe First Parenthesis: 144,000 Jewish EvangelistshhSeventh Seal is opened:hhSix Trumpet JudgmentshhThe Second Parenthesis:hhMighty angelhhBitter-sweet bookhhMeasuring rodhhTwo faithful witnesseshhThird Parenthesis:hhAntichrist and False Prophets:hhGreat Dragon persecutes IsraelhhWinepress of God’s Wrathhh7th Trumpet:hhSeven last plagueshhThe Great Day of the Lord’s WrathhhBabylon and its fallhhSecond Coming of Christ: to judge and make warhhChrist’s Millennial Reign and Satan’s Doom:hhResurrection of the saved and the losthhGreat White Throne JudgmenthhThe New JerusalemMusic 42 songs••Hymns of the faith, chorusesMemory Work••Passages (19 containing 53 verses)Prayer Time••Learn to pray for each other, our nation, those in authority over us207

Electives Grades 7–12Spanish 1 Grades 7–12The four basic steps in learning any language are study, memorization, practice,and application. This course utilizes all four of these steps. The text Por todo elmundo is designed to enable the student to speak, understand, read, and writethe basic Spanish he would need to know in most everyday situations. Memorizationof Bible verses in Spanish is also a major part of the course.The Vocabulary Manual provides a first-year student with a logical, step-by-stepintroduction to the most common Spanish words and expressions. They applythis knowledge as they participate in conversations, read assigned material, singsongs, translate Bible stories orally, give oral reports, perform dramas, and writeletters and reports. red indicates NEW MATERIALApplication••Vocabulary exercises to master eachvocabulary lesson:••Conversation, reading, songs,interviews••Oral Bible story translations, oralreports••Dramas, letters, written reports••Spanish hymns (75)Evaluation••Memorize 35 verses in Spanish(witnessing tool)••Weekly vocabulary quizzes (33)••Grammar and reading quizzesrecommended••Written tests (12)PronunciationhhIntroduction to Spanish alphabet, vowel and consonant soundshhConstant review of sounds, intonation, stress, and punctuationGrammarhhSpanish alphabet: vowels, consonantshhNames, introductory conversationshhNouns:hhGenderhhPlural: the and a (an) before plural nounshhArticles:hhDefinite: el/lahhIndefinite: ahhStatements and questions:hhWith ES, ESTA, transitive verbs, pronouns, descriptive adjectives,helping verbshhIn past tense with helping verbs, irregular helping verbshhComparisons: ES versus ESTA, Saber versus Conocer, Ser versusEstar, Por versus Para, of quantityhhPrepositions:hhDe and ahhBefore infinitives: in past tensehhPronouns as objects of prepositionshhPronouns:hhSubject, asking and answering questions, relative pronoun QuehhDirect object pronouns: before the verbhhUse of object pronouns, asking questions in past tense sentences,double object, as object of prepositionshhVerbs:hhTransitive verbs, verb endings, personal endings for Spanish -AR verbshhIrregularhhHelping, -ER and -IR verbshhRegular: -AR, -ER, and -IR verbshhInfinitives:hhAdjective expressions before infinitiveshhPrepositions before infinitives: in past tensehhTenses:hhPresenthhPast: regular -AR, -ER, and -IR verbs; stem changing -IR verbs;questions with pronouns; combining sentenceshhAdjectives:hhDescriptive, types and forms, ending in E and in a consonant,preceding a noun, double adjectives, adjective expressions beforeinfinitiveshhPossessive: before plural nounshhDemonstrativehhSummary of types, of nationality, Ser and Estar before adjectiveshhComparison: with Tan…ComohhSer and Estar: comparison, before adjectives, describing inanimateobjectshhAnd, or, but, contraction of DE and EL, the personal you, telling time,the date, combining sentences, indefinite and negative wordsVocabulary TopicshhIntroductory expressions: greetings, introductions and farewells,questions and answers, favors and courtesieshhSchool: people, things, requests, days, numbers 1–30, places, in theclassroom, times, courses, months, actions, activitieshhClothing: type and style, color, shopping, quality and size, quantityand measurement, pricehh-ER verbs, -IR verbshhThe family: personal characteristics, physical appearance, personalhistoryhhHome:hhThe house: characteristics and conditions, construction, furniture,prepositions of place, pastimes, houseworkhhFood:hhThe meal, table service, beverages, meat, vegetables, fruithhCondiments, breakfast, lunch, dinner, dessert, in the restauranthhCreation:hhThe universe, the world, animalshhMan: the head, the bodyhhHealth: What’s wrong with you?, health and the mind, religion and worshiphhVacation: recreation and relaxationhhTravel and sightseeing, transportation, departure date, directions,distancehhIn the city: important buildings and places208

Electives Grades 7–12Spanish 2 Grades 7–12The Spanish 2 program is designed to improve the students’ ability to speak, understand, read, and write basicSpanish in most everyday situations, with a strong emphasis on witnessing for Christ. A Bible memory verse foreach week, practice lessons from the life of Christ, and a strong missionary emphasis make this course unique. Theother applications of these skills include writing Bible stories, performing create-a-scenes and situation act-outs,storytelling, taking part in discussion and debate, anecdote and questions, and giving their testimony.The text Más que vencedores briefly reviews basic Spanish 1 grammar and then introduces new grammar. The goalof Spanish 2 is to enable the student to speak the language with a real working knowledge of it. Cultural readingsof Spain and Latin America are featured.The Vocabulary Manual briefly reviews the basic words and expressions learned in Spanish 1, and then introduces newexpressions and words. The Spanish 2 student will find the vocabulary manual a helpful tool in writing compositions.Application••Vocabulary exercises to mastereach vocabulary lesson:••Conversations, cultural readings••Stories from the life of Christ (awitnessing tool)••Written reports, interviews••Oral Bible story translations,written Bible story translations••Create-a-scene, situation act-outs,dictation, storytelling••Discussion and debate, anecdote andquestions••Testimony, oral report, enrichmentactivities red indicates NEW MATERIALEvaluation••Memorize 32 verses in Spanish(witnessing tool)••Weekly vocabulary quizzes (30)••Grammar and reading quizzesrecommended••Written tests (12)Grammar••Tenses••Present tense:••Verb forms and structureshhPresent perfect: irregular formshhPresent progressive: overview, forms, structure, irregular forms••Past tense••Forms and structures, irregular verbshhCustomary action, true passivehhImperfect: irregular forms, states of mind and being, with ongoingstateshhFuture: overview, endings, irregular forms, in indirect questionsand statements, with If clauseshhConditional: overview, endings, irregular forms, with unreal IfclauseshhProgressive of tenses••Nouns:••Related forms and structureshhDiminutives••Verbs:••Irregular verbs: past tense, commandshhPassive voice: true passive, passive actionhhSubjunctive mood:hhAfter expressions of emotion and expressions of doubt anddenialhhSubjunctive mood vs. indicative moodhhAfter joining words and relative pronouns••Pronouns:hhIndirect objects, contrast of direct and indirect object pronouns••Double objecthhReflexive object: to convey action done to oneself, reciprocalaction, bodily movements, and the assumption of bodily positionshhRelative and compound relative••Adjectives:••Descriptive before the nounhhAbsolute superlative, “true superlative”hhForming adverbs from adjectives, diminutiveshhAdverbs: forming adverbs from adjectives, comparative and superlative••Contrasts:hhConcepts and structures, direct and indirect object pronounshhPreterite and imperfect••Por and Para••Passive action (with Ser) and state of being (with Estar)hhSubjunctive and indicative moodshhNominalization: modification structures, demonstrative pronouns,possessive pronounshhQuestions:hhCompound interrogatives: indirect questionshhIndefinite and negative wordshhGustar: to be pleasing, indirect objects with Gustar, similar verbshhJoining sentences with words similar to Cuando, infinitive constructionshhCommands:hhWith irregular verbshhIndirect: subjunctive moodVocabulary Topics••Spanish 1 Vocabulary Review••In the city:••Important buildings and placeshhBusinesses, merchantshhDirections, distance, on a trip, departure timehhCommunication: mail, telephone••School: back to school, class activitieshhSports: contest elements, sports activities and skills209Spanish 2 cont. p. 210

ElectivesSpanish 2 cont.Vocabulary Topics cont.hhJewelry and personal effects, fabric, toilet accessories, personalhygiene, getting ready••Clothing, shoppinghhPersonal relations: attitudes, actionshh Posture, movement of body parts, adjectives describing events andsituations, verbs of becominghhIn the kitchen:hhStove and sink, utensils and applianceshhCooking, recipes, measurements and quantities red indicates NEW MATERIALhhMiscellaneous topics:hhMoney and financeshhPrepositions and adverbs of placehhIn the garden, on the farm, at the seaside (beach)hhImportant days, logic and reasoninghhThe church, state and governmentGrades 7–12hhThe arts, artists, works of art, artistic skills, construction materials,shapes and texturesFrench 1 Grades 7–12Nouveaux Chemins is designed to give students the skills to speak, understand,read, and write basic French in most everyday situations, with a strong emphasison witnessing for Christ. Memorization of Bible verses in French is a major part ofthis course.The vocabulary exercises aid the students in reading French writings, formingFrench words, singing songs, conducting interviews, translating Bible storiesorally, writing compositions, giving oral reports, and performing dramas all inFrench. red indicates NEW MATERIALApplication••Vocabulary exercises to mastereach vocabulary lesson:••Reading, word formation, songs,interviews••Oral Bible story translations••Compositions, oral reports,dramasEvaluation••Memorize 35 verses in French(witnessing tool)••Weekly vocabulary quizzes (33)••Grammar and reading quizzesrecommended••Written tests (10)PronunciationhhIntroduction to the French alphabet and vowel soundshhConsistent review of sounds, intonation, stress, and rhythmGrammarhhNouns: plural, articles before plural nounshhGenderhhArticles: definite, indefinite, before plural nounshhStatements and questionshhAnd, or, buthhPrepositionshhContraction of de + articlehhThe datehhPronouns:hhSubject, relativehhDirect object, double object, objects of prepositionhhNeuter demonstrativehhVerbs:hhTransitive, verb endings, taking infinitive complementshhWith spelling changes, passé composé of regular verbshhInfinitiveshhIrregular past participleshhPresent and past tenses:hhCombining and expanding sentences, adverb placementhhNegative words in past-tense constructionshhQuestions:hhAnswering questions with pronoun subjectshhWith tag pronouns in past tensehhIndirect questions in past tensehhPersonal youhhAdjectives: placement, gender/number agreement, preceding anoun, doubling their final consonant, expressions before the infinitive,irregular, possessive, demonstrativehhFrench words: Avoir, Aller, Il y a, Être, Savoir, Devoir, Voir, Croire,Vouloir, Pouvoir, Offrir, Souffrir, Ouvrir, Couvrir, Découvrir, Pendre,Comprendre, Apprendre, Surprendre, Lire, Dire, Écrire, Faire, Mettre,Connaître, Paraître, Boire, Recevoir, Dormir, Sortir, Partir, Servir, andCourir, Venir, Tenir, Vivre, SuivrehhTelling time, combining sentenceshhhCommandshhIndefinite and negative wordshhComparisonshh Adverbs: adverbial phrases, placement in past tense sentencesh Partitive articleVocabulary TopicshhIntroductory expressions:hhhhSchool:hhhh Greetings, introductions and farewellsh Questions and answers, favors and courtesiesh People, things, requests, days of the week, numbers 1–30h In the classroom, courses, subjects, weather, months, holidaysh Desires, actions, and activities210French 1 cont. p. 211

ElectivesFrench 1 cont.Vocabulary Topics cont.hhClothing: men’s, women’s, fashion, color, shopping, quality and size,choice, quantity, measurement, pricehh-Ir verbs: the family, personal characteristics, physical appearancehh-Re verbs:hhAdverbial phrases (point in time), curriculum vitaehhPlace of residence and work, professions and trades (optional)hhHome:hhThe house: rooms, architecture, inside and outside, characteristics,conditionhhFurniture, prepositions of place, pastimes, time, gardening, housework red indicates NEW MATERIALhhFood: meal/table service, food, menu, beverages and dessertshh Recreation: vacation/recreation and relaxation, travel and sightseeing,transportation, departure timehhWorship: religion and worshiphhBody and health: parts of the body, health and the mind, state ofmindhhCreation: the universe, the world, animalshGrades 7–12h The city: important buildings, important places, businesses, merchants,directions, distanceFrench 2 Grades 7–12Langue et Louange briefly reviews basic French 1 grammar and then introduces new grammar. Thegoal of French 2 is to enable the student to have a real working knowledge of French. Culturalreadings are featured in this text.The application of these skills include reading and answering questions; writing compositions;conducting interviews; performing create-a-scenes and situation act-outs; telling stories; participatingin discussions, debates, anecdotes, and questions; and being prepared to give a testimony forChrist.Application••Vocabulary exercises to master each vocabulary lesson:••Reading and questions, composition, interviews••Oral Bible story translation••Create-a-scene, situation act-outs, dictation, storytelling••Discussion and debate, anecdote and questions••Testimony, oral report, enrichment activitiesEvaluation••Memorize 30 verses in French (witnessing tool)••Weekly vocabulary quizzes (28)••Grammar and reading quizzes recommended••Written tests (12) red indicates NEW MATERIALGrammar•• Tenses:••Present: forms and structures••Past: forms and structures, customary action in the pasthhImperfect:hhImperfect versus the Passé ComposéhhIrregular forms of imperfect tensehhWith states of mind and beinghhTo report a state of affairshhFuture:hhIrregular forms, in indirect statements, with If clauseshhCombining and expanding sentenceshhConditional: irregular forms, with hypothetical If clauses••Nouns: forms and structures••Verbs:•• Taking Être as a helping verb in the Passé ComposéhhReflexive verbs in the Passé Composé211hhOf perception before the infinitivehhSubjunctive mood:hhIn indirect commands, after expressions of emotionhhIrregular forms, after expressions of doubt and denialhhAfter joining words, in relative clauses••Pronouns:•• Double objecthhIndirect object, direct versus indirect object••DemonstrativehhInterrogativehhReflexive object:hhTo convey action done to oneselfhhThe assumption of bodily positionshhReciprocal action, the process of becominghhPossessive, the pronoun En, compound relativehhThe pronoun Y: adverbial, indirecthhThe order of object pronounshhInterrogativehhOrder of pronouns with commandsFrench 2 cont. p. 212

ElectivesFrench 2 cont.Grammar cont.hhQuestions: compound interrogatives, indirect with compound interrogatives••Adjectives:••Descriptive adjectives before the nounhhSuperlative form of adjectiveshhForming adverbs from adjectiveshhTu commandshhAdverbs: forming from adjectives, comparative and superlativehhJoining sentenceshhExpanding sentenceshhCausative constructions with FaireVocabulary Topics•• Review of French 1 vocabulary••The city: important buildings/placesGrades 7–12 red indicates NEW MATERIAL••Directions, distance, on a trip, departure timehhCommunication: mail, telephone••School: back to school, class activitieshhSports: What do you play?, Where does the game take place?, sports skillshhJewelry and accessories, toiletries, general appearance, personalhygiene••Clothing, shoppinghhPersonal relations: attitudes, actionshhPosture, movement of body partshh In the kitchen: stove and sink, utensils and appliances, cooking, recipes,measurements and quantitieshhMiscellaneous topics:hhMoney and financeshhOn the farm, at the seaside (beach)hhTime, logic and reasoninghhThe church, state and governmenthhShapes and surfaces, the arts, artistic skillsKeyboarding Grades 10–12Keyboarding and Document Processing is written to be clear and concise withoutbeing software or hardware specific. This keyboarding course begins with thebasics of learning the keyboard—all alphabet and figure keys.Document formatting skills for business letters with special features and otherletter and memo styles, unbound reports, and documents with tables are thencovered. The main goal of this text is to teach students a skill they will use for life. red indicates NEW MATERIALSpecial Projects•• Creative writing••Weeklong office simulation combiningmany documents learnedEvaluation••Written quizzes (15)••Tests (8)••Desk arrangement and techniquequizzes (40)••Graded documents (17)••Timed writings (at least 163)Basic SkillshhWork area arrangementhhHand and finger placement, proper body position, correct keyingtechniquehhIntroduction of alphabet keys in 23 lessonshhIntroduction of number and symbol keyshhSpacing after punctuation and symbols:hhSemicolon, period, colon, backslash, question mark, exclamation point,hyphen, dash, dollar signhhGross words a minutehhNet words a minuteComputer SkillshhLine spacing, hard and soft returns, headers and footershhPage orientation, margins, text alignmenthhCharacter formats: bold, italics, underlinehh Centering text on a page, tab stops, indents212Proofreading SkillshhProofreader’s marks:hhInsert, close up or delete space, transpose, add spacehhNew paragraph, do not deletehhCapitalize, lowercase, spell outhhMove right or left, align horizontally or vertically, centerhhBold, italics, underline, start new line, deletehhKeying and correcting documentshhApplying proofreader’s marks to already keyed textNumber Expression FactshhRegular numbers, house numbers, numbers that begin a sentencehhStreet numbers, sums of money, weights and measurementshhNumbers that follow nouns, numbers used togetherhhRelated and unrelated numbersKeyboarding cont. p. 213

Electives Grades 10–12Keyboarding cont.Document FormattinghhAnnouncementshhMemorandums:hhSimplified, standardhhSpecial features: attachment, enclosurehhDistribution listshhPersonal business letters: punctuation, block style, enclosure notationhhEnvelopes: USPS format, inside address formathhBusiness letters:hhPunctuation: open, closed, mixedhhSpecial features:hhConfidential, attention line, subject line, delivery notationhhCompany name in closinghhEnclosure notation, copy notation, postscript notationhhBlock stylehhModified block style: horizontal center pointhhSimplified block stylehhOutlineshhReports:hhUnbound report: red indicates NEW MATERIALhhPage numbers, side headings, paragraph headingshhParenthetical citations, long quotationshhBound reporthhWorks cited page, title page, tableshhColumns and rows, title and body, text columns, number columnshhOptional features:hhSecondary title, column headings, source notehhDollar amounts, total linehhEnumerations for letters, memorandums, and reportshhSecond page headings for 2-page letters and memorandumsDocument Processing Grades 11–12 (one semester)Keyboarding and Document Processing is also used in this course. Formattingand producing employment and business documents is the focus of this course.Students spend weeks on an office simulation, producing documents for their“supervisor.” They also work on their résumé and a cover letter, preparing themto seek employment. The final project is the compilation of a document portfoliowhich includes many documents that students have worked on in the keyboardingand document processing courses. red indicates NEW MATERIALSpecial Projects••Preparing employment documentsfor an open position••Weeklong office simulation combiningmany documents learned••Creative writingEvaluation••Written quizzes (3)••Tests (4)••Desk arrangement and techniquequizzes (13)••Graded documents (15)••Timed writings (at least 177)Computer Skills•• Margins, line spacing, headers and footers••Page orientation, text alignment, character formats••Centering text on a page, tab stops, indents, inserting symbolsProofreading Skills•• Correcting formatting and typing errors••Keying documents and applying proofreader’s marksDocument Formatting SkillshhEmployment applicationshhRésumés: chronological, functionalhhCover letters, follow-up letters, forms, announcements•• Memorandums: simplified, standard••Envelopes••Business letters:••Personal••Block style, modified block style, simplified block stylehhEnumerations for letters, memorandums, and reports••Second-page headings for 2-page letters and memorandumshhLetters and memorandums with tables••Tables••Reports:••UnboundhhBound: long quotationshhMLA-style reports: long quotations, works cited pagehhItineraries, agendas213

Electives Grades 11–12Speech Grades 11–12 (one semester)Speech for Today presents the art of everyday speech in a friendly, conversational style that studentsand teachers love. Experience is the key to developing good speaking skills; students need practicespeaking to one another in small groups and before larger audiences. An abundance of speaking exercises,group projects, and selections for interpretation throughout the text provides opportunities forpractice and performance. Skills mastered include telephone courtesy, introductions, personal testimonies,group discussion, parliamentary procedure, pantomime, monologues, poetry, and storytelling.Application•• Conversation exercise••Impromptu speeches, interview exercise,personal testimony speech••Group discussion exercise••Parliamentary procedures exercise••Pantomime exercise, character pantomimeexercise••Monologue preview and speech••Declamation preview and speech••Poetry preview and speech••Storytelling preview and speech••Devotional speechEvaluation••Speeches (14)••Pronunciation quizzes (2)••Reading quizzes (2)••Practice time sheets red indicates NEW MATERIALPlace of Speech in SocietyhhBlessings and responsibilities of free speechhh Importance of speech to citizenship and successEveryday ConversationhhWhy so much, how to improve conversationSpecial Types of ConversationhhTelephone conversationhhh Introductions, impromptu speakingh Interviews, personal testimoniesGroup DiscussionhhMethods:hhhh Committee meetings and conferencesh Cooperative investigations, single-leader discussion, debatesh Qualities of good group discussionParliamentary ProcedurehhPurpose, constitution and by-lawshhhThe meeting:hhhh Duties of officers, conducting businessh Calling to order, reading the minutesh Reports, presenting motions, adjourning the meetingh Electing officers: nominations, electionsTalking with the BodyhhWhy and how we talk with the bodyhhh Posture, movement, walking and sittingh Gestures, pantomimeInterpreting MonologueshhWhat is a monologue?hhhhh Steps to good characterizationh Reacting to unseen charactersh How to memorize for performanceh 12 sample monologues214Reading with MeaninghhInterpretationhhhhh Studying the selection: thought analysis, attitude analysish Techniques of interpretation:h Quality, pitch, range, inflectionh Force, time, pause, emphasisOur American PronunciationhhProblem of pronunciation, regional pronunciationhhh Sounds of American speech, articulating the soundsh Putting the sounds together: blending, rhythmListeninghhDo you listen?hhKinds of listening: enjoyment, inspiration, information/ideas, criticallisteninghhHow to listen effectivelyInterpreting Declamations and PoetryhhValue of declaiming, preparing a declamationhhDelivering the declamation:hhMood, pointing the thoughts, transitionshhhh Impersonating, effectiveness, practicing continuouslyh Judging a declamation, 5 sample declamationsh Presenting poetry, 21 sample poemsStorytellinghhValues of storytelling, the storyteller, the audiencehhTypes of stories:hhFable, folk story, myth, adventurehhHistorical story, biographical story, Bible storyhhSpecial occasion story, modern short storyhhChoosing, preparing, and presenting the storyhh 4 sample storiesExtemporaneous DevotionalshhChoosing a topic, tentative outlinehh Supporting details, final outline, practice delivery

ElectivesFamily & Consumer Sciences Grades 11–12 (one semester)The themes of hospitality and stewardship are woven throughout Scripture. Family/Consumer Sciences presents a wonderful opportunity for young people to learnentertaining and hospitality habits that they can implement as they establish their ownhomes and families. This practical introductory course on cooking and entertainingcovers topics such as nutrition, meal management, and etiquette. The final project isa dinner party that pulls together all aspects studied during the course. red indicates NEW MATERIALAdditional Helps••Demonstrations (31)Evaluation••Labs (15)••Projects (2)••Written quizzes (20)••Tests (5)Grades 11–12Kitchen BasicshhKitchen safety, food safety, dishwashinghhUse and care of applianceshhMicrowave cooking, basic kitchen techniqueshhKitchen equipmenthhUsing a recipe, lab procedures, key nutrientsNutritionhhKey nutrients, dietary guidelines, food pyramidhhWeight management, sports nutrition, consumer educationhhMeal managementBeverages & BreakfasthhMilk, coffee, tea, punchhhEggs:hhPurchasing and storinghhHandling, breaking and separating, cookinghhEgg substitutesGrainshhTypes of grains, preparation and storagehhQuick breads:hhMuffins, nut breads, pancakes, French toast, waffleshhBiscuitshhYeast breadsFood PreservationhhFreezing, canning, making jellyServinghhTable appointments: dinnerware, flatware, beverageware, linens,centerpieceshhTable setting, place settinghhEntering and seating in the dining roomhhTypes of meal service, buffet servicehhServing and clearing the tablehhPlate presentationSuccessful EntertaininghhHospitality, table etiquette, table mannershhHandling awkward situations, restaurant etiquettehhParty planning: budget and theme, invitations, planning details,introductionsAdding FlavorhhHerbs, spices, seasoningshhMarinades, legumes, pastahhFats and oils, frying: pan-frying, deep-fat fryinghhTypes of fat: solid, liquidhhSauces, graviesProducehhVegetables:hhClassificationhhSelecting high quality: fresh, canned, frozen, driedhhGarnisheshhFruits: fresh, frozen, canned, useshhSalads:hhTypes: fruit, gelatin, pasta, protein, vegetable, greenhhDressingsLunchhhSoups and stews, casseroleshhCheese: natural, processed, imitation, storage and usehhSandwichesDinnerhhMeat:hhNutritional value, determining qualityhhTypes: beef, veal, game, lamb, porkhhCuts, purchasing, storing, thawing, handlinghhSeasoning, cooking, checking for donenesshhPoultry:hhNutritional value, determining qualityhhPurchasing, handling, thawinghhSeasoning, cooking, checking for doneness, stuffinghhFish and shellfish:hhNutritional value, purchasinghhWhole, drawn, dressed, fillets, steakshhTypes of fishhhShellfish: shrimp, mollusks, imitation seafoodhhCookingAppetizershhVarieties:hhHors d’oeuvreshhVegetable, fruit and cheese plattershhFinger foods, dips and spreads215Family & Consumer Sciences cont. p. 216

Electives Grades 7–12Family & Consumer Sciences cont. red indicates NEW MATERIALAppetizers cont.hhEntertaining with appetizers:hhParty planninghhArranging the food, arranging the tableDessertshhSelection, garnisheshhCustards and puddingshhCookies: bar, drop, pressed, shaped, rolledhhCakes: butter cakes, foam cakes, frostinghhPies and pastries: pie crusts, bakinghhCandy: cooking stages, storageArt Grades 7–12Watercolor Step-by-Step introduces the tools of the trade, gives innovative substitutesfor art materials, and shows the basic techniques used in creating watercolorpaintings. Given this foundation, students copy the author’s step-by-step demonstrationpaintings, create their own compositions, and paint them in watercolor. Arthistory is incorporated in later lessons as students analyze and copy the style ofmaster watercolorists. Students learn to paint still lifes, landscapes, floral compositions,architecture, and other subjects.Additional Features••Step-by-step demonstrations (15)••Self-paced assignments (43)•• Art history incorporated••Advice on purchasing art materials••Selected bibliographyEvaluation••Graded paintings (15) red indicates NEW MATERIALGetting StartedhhStretching the paperhhPainting indoors and outdoorshhThe palettehhAfter paintingWatercolor Paintings Producedhh15 paintings of scenes such as sunset, misty morning, storm over LakeJackson, winter landscape, mimosa blossoms, teddy bears, the Valleyof Dry Bones, Ochlocknee River in fall, portraithh43 other related assignmentsBasics of WatercolorhhFlat wash, dark wash, graded washhhWet in wet, dry brush, calligraphyhhSpattering, toothbrush, salt, dropping water, maskinghhPainting with a sponge, scraping with a knifehhRubbing with an eraser or sponge, scrubbing with a tissue216