EV City Casebook - Rocky Mountain Institute

EV CITY CASEBOOK // WELCOMEPG_04A GLOBAL MOVEMENTELECTRIC VEHICLES: TRANSFORMING THE WAY THE WORLD MOVES// Electric vehicles (EVs) hold thepotential of transforming the way theworld moves. EVs can increase energysecurity by diversifying the fuel mixand decreasing dependence onpetroleum, while also reducingemissions of greenhouse gases and other pollutants. Just asimportant, EVs can unlock innovation and create new advancedindustries that spur job growth and enhance economic prosperity.However, the mass deployment of EVs will require transportationsystems capable of integrating and fostering this newtechnology. To accelerate this transition, cities and metropolitanregions around the world are creating EV-friendly ecosystemsand building the foundation for widespread adoption.// In recognition of the importance of urban areas in theintroduction and scale-up of electric vehicles, the EV CityCasebook presents informative case studies on city and regionalEV deployment efforts around the world. These case studies areillustrative examples of how pioneering cities are preparingthe ground for mass market EV deployment. They offer bothqualitative and quantitative information on cities’ EV goals,progress, policies, incentives, and lessons learned to date.The purpose of the EV City Casebook is to share experiences on EV// The cities represented here are actively engaging in a varietyof initiatives that share the goal of accelerating EV adoption.This publication is the result of an effort to coordinate thoseinitiatives and provide a global perspective on the electricvehicle movement. This international knowledge-sharingnetwork consists of the Electric Vehicles Initiative (EVI),a multi-government initiative of the Clean Energy Ministerial;Project Get Ready, a Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI)initiative; and the International Energy Agency’s ImplementingAgreement for Cooperation on Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Technologiesand Programmes (HEV IA); with the supportof the C40 Cities in partnership with the Clinton ClimateInitiative (CCI).// In addition, these organizations are collaborating to launchthe World EV Cities and Ecosystems web portal, for whichthe EV City Casebook will provide initial content. This firstof-its-kindwebsite captures EV deployment progress in citiesworldwide and will serve as a central hub for harmonizingefforts, leveraging existing resources and participants, anddisseminating best EV deployment practices to globalstakeholders. By working together and sharing knowledge,cities from diverse regions and countries will realize the benefitsof electric mobility and achieve a sustainable energy future.demonstration and deployment, identify challengesand opportunities, and highlight best practices for creating thrivingEV ecosystems. These studies seek to enhanceunderstanding of the most effective policy measures to fosterthe uptake of electric vehicles in urban areas.Photo provided by Portland General Electric.

EV CITY CASEBOOK // EV OUTLOOKPG_07FIG 3. EV SALES IN EVI COUNTRIES (MILLIONS) *65DENMARKNETHERLANDSSWEDENPORTUGALGERMANYFRANCE432U.S.102010 2015 2020FIG 4. EV STOCK IN EVI COUNTRIES (MILLIONS) *18DENMARKNETHERLANDSSWEDENPORTUGALGERMANYFRANCE141210SPAINJAPAN84U.S.0CHINA2010 2015 2020*Based on official targets of EVI countries.

EV CITY CASEBOOK // EV OUTLOOKPG_08THE URBAN APPROACH// As the EV City Casebookdemonstrates, a number of majorcities and regions around the worldare committed to making electricmobility a reality. They are activelypursuing ambitious deployment goalsthrough a variety of innovative policy measures and programs.While these approaches are often tailored to each city’sparticular circumstances, many common practices emerge.For instance, many cities employ a mix of financial andnon-financial consumer incentivesto boost demand for vehicles and charging infrastructure.Financial incentives include rebates or tax credits on vehicles(often paired with national government purchase subsidies),exemptions from vehicle registration taxes or license fees,discounted tolls and parking fares, as well as discounts forrecharging equipment and installation. A variety of nonfinancialincentives figure just as prominently, includingpreferential parking spaces, access to restricted highway lanes,and expedited permitting and installation of electric vehiclesupply equipment (EVSE).// Cities are also leading by example. Many have already addedelectric vehicles to municipal fleets and incorporated hybridbuses into public transportation. They are placing charging spotsat public buildings and, in some cases, offering discountedelectricity rates for EV users from municipal-owned utilities.Just as important, cities are using their convening power toassemble multi-stakeholder groups that include city planners,automakers, utilities, infrastructure suppliers, academicand research institutions, and city and national officials.These groups work together to create a roadmap for EVreadiness that considers all stakeholder perspectives andseeks to identify and address technical, economic andregulatory barriers to EV adoption and integration.// It is in the context of the global EV movement that theefforts of these and other cities become particularly important.As the real-world “test beds” of EV deployment, cities will bethe first to experience the introduction and significant use ofEV technology and infrastructure. Given their density andrelatively short commutes, urban populations are well positionedto benefit from electric vehicles. The experiences of urbandrivers and the pioneering policies of local governments canhelp spur widespread EV uptake and accelerate the transitionto clean and sustainable mobility.Photo credit: Mosebacke Media.

EV CITY CASEBOOK // AMSTERDAMPG_10[ SNAPSHOT ] AMSTERDAM= 100,000 people = 100,000 vehiclesPOPULATIONREGISTERED VEHICLESTRANSPORTATION MIX780,559246,452PassengerVehicle44%Walk 4%Bike22%PublicTransport30%CITY SIZEAVERAGE DAILY TRAVEL (KM)219 km 20 8 . 0[ COUNTRY CONTEXT ] THE NETHERLANDSELECTRICITY MIX *Natural Gas 61%Coal 23%Renewables 8%Nuclear 4%EV TARGET2015: 20,0002020: 200,0002025: 1 millionOther 4%EV & EVSE STATUSEV TODAY EV TOMORROW EVSE TODAY EVSE TOMORROW750 10,000 3501,000by 2015public(highest per inhabitantrate in the world)public (2013)1,000semipublic/on business premises*Source: IEA, 2009. Photo provided by the City of Amsterdam.

EV CITY CASEBOOK // AMSTERDAMPG_11©2012 GoogleAMSTERDAMINFRASTRUCTURENATIONAL STRATEGY // A leading role for the private sector in roll out of charging infrastructure. // The national governmentcreates preconditions and tackles bottlenecks. // Deployment of charging points on public and private land and centered in focus area.CURRENT CHARGING POINTS (NATIONALLY) NORMAL CHARGING POINTS FAST CHARGING POINTSPublic Land 1,250 14Semipublic Land 576Private Land 699TOTAL 2,525 14SPENDING AND FINANCIAL INCENTIVESNATIONAL // There are several tax measures to stimulate electromobility and up to 2015 €9 million is available to implement thenational Action Plan. The plan contains a range of activities to stimulate electromobility in focus areas and viable market segments,strengthen international collaboration and partnerships, and roll out communication, research and monitoring. Besides this generaleconomic policy, the national government offers opportunities to stimulate electromobility and aims to participate in Europeanprojects and welcomes opportunities for cooperation with other countries.

TilburgTNTTNTTilburgTilburgTilburgOne North EastelectricOne North EastelectricTNTTNTOne North EastelectricOne North EastelectricTNTOne North EastelectricTNTTilburgOne North EastelectricTilburgOne North EastelectricOne North EastelectricKijk op www.amsterdamelektrisch.nl voor alle informatie over elektrisch vervoer in Amsterdam.TilburgTilburgTilburgTNTTNTTNTOne North EastelectricTNTOne North EastelectricTilburgTNTTilburgOne North EastelectricTilburgTilburgTNTTNTTNTOne North EastelectricTilburgOne North EastelectricEV CITY CASEBOOK // AMSTERDAMPG_12EV SPOTLIGHTCAR2GOIn November 2011, Car2Go launched in Amsterdam with 300smart-for-two EVs. The vehicles can be picked up and droppedoff at any public parking spot inside the business area, with noneed to commit to a specific return time/location. The vehicles have a range of 135 km andtime is charged by the minute (€.29/minute, €12.90/hour).TNT Tilburg TNTTilburg TNTTNT TilburgREAL TIME CHARGING AVAILABILITYBy 2013, there will be approximately 1,000 public chargingpoints on the streets of Amsterdam. Information on theirlocation and availability is accessible in real-time via an openAPI, making Amsterdam the first city in the world to provide such information in this manner.ELECTRIC TAXISThe average diesel taxi contributes nearly 35 times more tothe nitrogen dioxide concentration in the city than the averagepetrol vehicle. There are approximately 2,500 taxis activein Amsterdam during the work week, with the number rising at the weekend. Reducingthe pollution caused by taxis is therefore an effective means of improving air quality inAmsterdam. As a result of a 2009 subsidy, the first 10 electric taxis began running in May2011. By mid 2012, there will be approximately 40 electric taxis in the city.EV SUBSIDY SCHEME// The City of Amsterdam haslaunched a subsidy scheme tosupport companies intending touse electric cars, taxis and trucksas a key means of transportationaround the city. With this, themunicipality hopes to become agreen transportation hubEV SUBSIDIESPassenger: €5,000Taxi: €10,000Truck: €40,000// The City has a reserve of €8.6million until the end of 2015. Theresults of a 2009 subsidy schemeled to more than 200 electricvehicles purchased, highlightingthe effectiveness of subsidies.CONTACTCity of AmsterdamAmsterdam Electric003120 556 5355info@luchtkwaliteit.nlMORE INFORMATIONamsterdamelectric.nlAll photos on this page provided by the City of Amsterdam.

EV CITY CASEBOOK // BARCELONAPG_13BARCELONA SPAINA CENTER OF INNOVATION IN ELECTRIC MOBILITY// Barcelona is the capital of Catalonia and the second largestcity of Spain. The city has a high population density and is atthe center of an important European metropolis. City transportis mostly public, thanks to integrated multimodal pricingthat allows indiscriminate use of bus, metro, tram and train.Non-motorized transport equals 41.7 percent, thanks inpart to Bicing, a public bike system, with 35,000 daily uses.Powered two-wheelers (PTW) account for 40 percent of privatetravel within the city.// The city is pursuing electric mobility solutions as a wayto reduce CO2 emissions and noise, reduce oil dependencyand improve efficiency, and to provide opportunities forentrepreneurial, technical and economic development.// Barcelona is a member of IMPACTS (International Network ofEuropean and North American Capital and Major Metropolitan// Promoted by Barcelona City Council, the public-privateplatform LIVE (Logistics for the Implementation of ElectricVehicles) was created with the objective of:■ Supporting the development and promotion ofdemonstration projects of electric mobility (Living Labs).■ Providing tools and resources to generate innovativeattitudes, in economy and industry, by promoting R&D.■ Supporting the creation of local syndicates, nationaland European projects, and technology and knowledgeprograms from university and professional environments.■ Organizing events and activities that implement theelectric mobility in Barcelona.■ Promoting the creation of recharge stations in public andprivate parking lots in Barcelona’s metropolitan area.Cities for exchanging information and experience on UrbanMobility and Transport Policies) and the European initiative,Green e-Motion, as a Demo Region.Photo credit.

EV CITY CASEBOOK // BARCELONAPG_14[ SNAPSHOT ] BARCELONA= 100,000 people = 100,000 vehiclesPOPULATIONREGISTERED VEHICLESTRANSPORTATION MIX1,640,494981,580PublicTransport34.6%Walk or Bike41.7%PassengerVehicle23.7%CITY SIZE101 km 2 6,500,000DAILY TRIPS * CONGESTION PLAN[ COUNTRY CONTEXT ] SPAINELECTRICITY MIX **CURRENT EVs/PHEVsNatural Gas 37%Renewable 25%2,446+15% cars19% commercial vehicles50% ePTWNuclear 18%Coal 13%Fuel Oil 7%EV/PHEV TARGET2014: 250,000 (70,000 by 2012)EV & EVSE STATUSEV TODAYEV TOMORROWEVSE TODAYEVSE TOMORROW280public fleet*200private(150 ePTW)500public fleet2,500private248slow charging stations1fast charging stations4,400slow charging stations20fast charging stationsforecast for 2014 forecast for 2014*2010. **Source: IEA, 2009.

EV CITY CASEBOOK // BARCELONAPG_15Photo credit:BARCELONA©2012 Google, Tele AtlasINCENTIVESNATIONAL // Direct subsidies for purchase. // Changes in registration tax. // Free parking in controlled parking lots.// Lower electricity tax. CITY // Tax benefits: up to 75 percent of vehicle registration tax. // Free recharging for electric vehicles atall municipal points on public roads until the end of 2012. // Free parking in regulated areas for Barcelona residents with 100 percentEVs. // New public car parks with 2 percent of the spaces reserved for electric vehicles and facilities ready for the future inclusion ofpoints in the rest of the spaces.FLEET STRATEGYBarcelona has more than 280 plug-in electric and hybrid vehicles in its fleet. // 50 percent of the PTW fleet in the city is expected to beelectric by 2014. // LIVE , working with supporting institutions, will help consolidate projects relating to transformation of both publicand private fleets. LIVE will also work with manufacturers and distributors to create the first prototype units of electric vehicles forCatalonia. // TMB (Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona), in an ongoing project in collaboration with SIEMENS, is developingprojects for hybridization of buses and minibuses, and implementing 100 percent electric routes in neighborhoods with mobilitydifficulties. // Barcelona, along with a private consortium, is also defining a system of car sharing (Sharing). This is the first systemof Sharing with electric vehicles, based on the concept of “Mobility on Demand”, developed for MIT in Boston. This new system is animprovement over current sharing systems, since users can access vehicles on demand, and pick up/drop off vehicles where they choose.

EV CITY CASEBOOK // BARCELONAPG_16EV SPOTLIGHTMORE INFORMATIONMOBECPOINTS COME TO BARCELONABarcelona is second only to Rome in the use of motorbikesfor personal mobility. In the spring of 2011, Barcelona launchedits first electric Mobecpoint (mobecpoint.com) motorcyclecharging stations in the city at hotels (where e-bikes are availableto guests for rental) and on university campuses. The stationsare available free of charge throughthe end of 2012 to encourage e-bike ridership.CHARGELOCATORThe city of Barcelona, through its LIVE platform, has partneredwith Chargelocator (chargelocator.com), to enable users of itsmobile app to: Find the cheapest/nearest available chargingstations in the city. // Get information such as phone numbers, rates, location accessdescriptions and comments from other users. // Get complete information about vehicle’scharging history and billing: charge location, charge dates, prices, CO2 emissions, etc.VOLTA MOTORBIKESVolta Motorbikes (voltamotorbikes.com ) is an electric motorbikemanufacturer created with the mission of providing newsolutions for the pollution problems of big cities. The firm’s firstmodel, the Volta BCN, bears the name of Barcelona because it shares a number of differentvalues that are associated with the Catalan capital: design, environmental respect and quality.CONTACTMr. Ramon PrunedaRamon.Pruneda@barcelonactiva.catlivebarcelona.catLIVE BARCELONA// LIVE Barcelona (Logistics forthe Implementation of the ElectricVehicle) is an open public-privateplatform that seeks to positionBarcelona as a center of innovationin electric mobility. It is promotedby the Government of Catalonia,Barcelona City Council, the SpanishGovernment, SEAT, ENDESA andSIEMENS.// LIVE set up the first citizens’office in Europe to provideinformation regarding electricmobility in Barcelona. As wellas providing information for thegeneral public, LIVE issues electricvehicle users cards required forusing the municipal network ofrecharging points.// Through its website and socialnetworks, LIVE provides practicalinformation for users. It is alsoa useful tool for the promotion ofBarcelona and its electromobilityinitiatives. Today the city has morethan 240 charging stations. Thispublic network of rechargingpoints is creating new businessopportunities for innovators toimplement new technologies.Many of these projects have beenclassified as pilot projects (UrbanLabs) so as to position Barcelonaas a city leader in innovation ofpublic sanitation fleets, e-bikesharing programs and electricpublic bus services.// Through LIVE, the City ofBarcelona is promoting itsparticipation in congresses andevents related to electric mobility,such as the EV Battery Forumand EVS27.

EV CITY CASEBOOK // BERLINPG_17BERLIN GERMANYFORERUNNER OF INNOVATIVE AND SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY// Today, the Berlin-Brandenburg capital region is Germany’slargest electromobility lab and ranks ahead of all other Germancities with 220 publicly accessible charging points. Projectsimplemented to date cover a broad spectrum of options forusing integrated mobility and for future-oriented drive systems,from individual motorized transportation in private householdsto e-car sharing or company fleets, and on to electric cargotransport with trucks, electric transport bikes and transporters.// Released in March 2011, the Action Plan for ElectromobilityBerlin 2020 set forth three main goals: 1) Improve the quality oflife for the population by utilizing electromobility’s potential to// Since 2008 the Federal Ministries of Economics andTechnology; Transport, Building and Urban Development;Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety; andEducation and Research, which all are leaders in electromobility,have supported numerous electromobility projects in the capitalregion Berlin-Brandenburg. Since 2009, the Berlin-Potsdamregion has been one of eight model regions around Germany toreceive support for practical projects.// Brandenburg and Berlin plan to meet 100 percent of theirelectricity needs with renewable energies by 2020 and 2030,respectively.reduce noise and tailpipe emissions. 2) Sustainably strengthenthe economy and establish new jobs for skilled workers. 3) Boostthe development of new technologies and services and marketthem in an “international electromobility showcase.”Photo credit.

EV CITY CASEBOOK // BERLINPG_18[ SNAPSHOT ] BERLIN= 100,000 people = 100,000 vehiclesPOPULATIONREGISTERED VEHICLESTRANSPORTATION MIX *3,500,0001,300,000PublicTransport26%Bike13%Walk30%PassengerVehicle31%CITY SIZE AVERAGE DAILY TRAVEL (KM) CONGESTION PLAN892 km 22 0 . 2environment zonein city centerELECTRICITY MIX **CO2 EMISSIONS [VEHICLES] †Bituminous Coal 49%Natural Gas 37%Lignite Coal 7%Renewable 5%Other 2%Cars 86%Light Commercial 8%Heavy Commercial 4%Buses 1%Motorcycles 1%EVs/PHEVs [ GERMANY ] ††4,541NATIONAL EV/PHEV TARGET ‡2020: 1 millionGERMANY: Nuclear 23%, Coal Lignite 42%,Natural Gas 13.7%, Renewables 16.5%,Heating Oil, Pumped Hydro, Others 5.2%EV & EVSE STATUSEV TODAY EV TOMORROW EVSE TODAY EVSE TOMORROW350 +/-cars & transporters15,000cars & transporters220 +/-public charging points1,400 +/-public charging pointsunknown number ofe-bikes and pedelecsby 2015plus additional fast charging points) by 2015*Source: Mobilität der Stadt - Berliner Verkehr in Zahlen, Senatsverwaltung für Stadtentwicklung und Umwelt, 2011 **Source: Mobilität der Stadt - Berliner Verkehr in Zahlen, 2011; KBA, as ofJan 1, 2012; Energie- und CO2-Bilanz in Berlin 2008, Amt für Statistik BB. †Source: Umweltatlas Berlin, Senatsverwaltung für Stadtentwicklung und Umwelt, 2009. ††Source: Federal MotorTransport Authority, KBA, as of Jan. 1, 2012. ‡Source National Platform for Electromobility, NPE, 2011. Photo credit: © Ulrich Dahl, TU press office.

EV CITY CASEBOOK // BERLINPG_19©2012 GeoBasis-DE/BKO (2009) GoogleBERLINCONDITIONS FOR EVBerlin is a leader in using environmentally friendly types of transportation. Roughly half of all Berlin’s households do not havetheir own cars. This makes conditions favorable for intermodal mobility options and car sharing models, which target having aflexible choice for types of transport. The population here is curious and extremely open for encounters with these new mobilityconcepts and products.GOVERNMENT ENGAGEMENTNATIONAL * // 10 year car tax exemption. // Transferable license plates. // Company car taxation (in preparation).STATE // Strategic overall conception: city development plan for transport. // Designation of laboratory areas. // Developmentof a uniform platform for information and data. // Conceptualized city ‘map’ for expanding the public charging structure.// Participation in future demonstration projects with state funds. // Conversion of the senate’s vehicle fleet to sustainable drives.FLEET STRATEGYThe state of Berlin supports implementing alternative drives in its fleets and has begun converting itsstate-run vehicle fleet to electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles. Various projects with e-fleets and e-carsharing are underway or are planned, for example: the Initiative 120 project, a concept for testingalternative drive systems in patrol cars at the Berlin police department.*Source: Regierungsprogramm Elektromobilität,2011. Photo credit: © Michael Hadad Autohandel.

EV CITY CASEBOOK // BERLINPG_20E-CITY LOGISTICSThe E-City Logistics project has successfully demonstratedthe potential for electrically powered commercial vehiclesfor delivery use within the city. Because of the low noise level ofelectric vehicles, delivery of goods can be extended to off-peak hours and nights, allowing forpeak delivery traffic to be avoided.BE MOBILITYEstablishing intermodal transport options based on electricdrives is both a challenge and an opportunity for Berlin. TheBeMobility project took the first steps toward integrating electricvehicles (e-cars, pedelecs) in public transport. The short term target is to introduce a mobilitycard, which will connect all the city’s mobility options.MINI EThe Mini E project tested controlled charging with more than 70electric cars. The charging process of the Mini E was constructedso that the greatest possible amount of surplus wind energy wasused, whether charging at home or at work. The wind-to-vehicle approach can add to gridstability and simultaneously charge electric cars with green electricity–a win-win for the city.Berlin Agency for Electromobility10623 Berlin, Germany+49 30 39980-151emo-berlin.deGernot.Lobenberg@emo-berlin.deManufacturing Industries,Mobility & Clean TechnologiesInvestor Services+49 30 39980-238Roald.Koch@berlin-partner.deA LEADING EUROPEANELECTROMOBILITYMETROPOLIS// Berlin is following its goal ofbecoming the leading metropolisfor electromobility in Europe. Thefull value chain for electromobilityis planned for the capital region:from research and developmentto production to usage andeducational training.// In order to reach this target, theBerlin Agency for Electromobility(eMO) was founded in Nov. 2010 byBerlin Partner and TSB InnovationFoundation Berlin. eMO pools allelectromobility activities andpromotes them, together with thestate governments in Berlin andBrandenburg, the Confederationof Employer and BusinessAssociations of Berlin andBrandenburg (UVB), as wellas businesses and institutionsfrom business and science.// Here in Berlin, automotivecompanies and service providersjoin with energy suppliers todevelop and test solutions for thetransport of the future. Universityand non-university institutesconduct research in all areas, fromstorage technology and emissionsbalancing, to new concepts fordrives, vehicles, production anduse, to mathematically optimizingtransport systems and developingscenarios for a mobile city in acarbon-free era.// Today, there are “ElectromobilitySites”, where the public canexperience and test electromobilityand the new technology, with morelocations around Berlin planned.// Local, national and internationalcooperation will be targeted,intensified and expanded. This willtake place on a political, economicand scientific level.c/o Berlin Partner GmbHFasanenstrasse 85Photo credits (in order of appearance on page): 1) © TSB Innovationsagentur Berlin GmbH; 2) © Hartmut Reiche, Deutsche Bahn AG;3) © Vattenfall Europe AG.

EV CITY CASEBOOK // BRABANTSTADPG_21EindhovenBRABANTSTADTHE NETHERLANDSBELIEVERS IN THE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES OF EVs// BrabantStad includes five major metropolitan cities–Breda,’s-Hertogenbosch, Tilburg, as well as Eindhoven and Helmond–which were together designated the smartest region in the worldby the Intelligent Community Forum, in 2011. With strongtechnological leadership and a strategic location, Brabant is agateway to Europe.// BrabantStad has built a strong position in the electric vehiclefield. With its many companies and research institutions, theregion is supporting the e-mobility industry, strengthening itseconomy and participating in projects around Europe.// The five major cities of BrabantStad all suffer from issues ofcongestion and pollution. Because of its central location, Brabantused roadways and setting an ideal scene for the developmentand implementation of electric mobility solutions.// These solutions are the results of optimal cross-sectoralpartnerships. Leading companies and high-tech energy startupsare working together on innovative projects for smart e-mobilityand smart grids.// The BrabantStad strategy follows three waves: 1) demonstratefeasibility of e-mobility through industry-led pilot projects;2) develop charging infrastructure, electrify urban logistics(public transport, goods transport and waste collectiontransport) and organize EV and smart-grid living labs and;3) grow a mature market without government intervention.plays a major role in European logistics, resulting in a denselyPhoto credit.

EV CITY CASEBOOK // BRABANTSTADPG_22[ SNAPSHOT ] BRABANTSTAD= 100,000 people = 100,000 vehiclesPOPULATIONREGISTERED VEHICLES *TRANSPORTATION MIX **2,400,0001,888,928Train/OtherPublic Transport 2.8%Other 2.3%Walk16.8%PassengerVehicle52.7%Bike25.4%Driver 35.8%Passenger 16.9%REGION SIZE † AVG. DAILY TRAVEL (KM) ** LIKELIHOOD: EV ADOPTION ††5,000 km 2 41% Yes 59% No3 1 . 0[ COUNTRY CONTEXT ] THE NETHERLANDSELECTRICITY MIX ‡Natural Gas 61%Coal 23%Renewables 8%Nuclear 4%NATIONAL EV TARGET2015: 20,0002020: 200,0002025: 1 millionOther 4%EV & EVSE STATUSEV TODAY EV TOMORROW EVSE TODAY EVSE TOMORROW755500 hybrid50 plug-in hybrid200 EVs5 public buses1,500EVs500e-bikes500 3,000by 2014 by 2014*2011. **2009. †Includes: Breda, Eindhoven, Helmond, ‘s-Hertogenboschm, Tilburg and surrounding villages. ††2011 Accenture end-consumer survey on the electrification of private transport.‡Source: IEA, 2009. All photos provided by Polotiek Online.

EV CITY CASEBOOK // BRABANTSTADPG_23BRABANTSTADINFRASTRUCTURENATIONAL STRATEGY // A leading role for the private sector in roll out of charging infrastructure. // The national governmentcreates preconditions and tackles bottlenecks. // Deployment of charging points on public and private land and centered in focus area.CURRENT CHARGING POINTS (NATIONALLY) NORMAL CHARGING POINTS FAST CHARGING POINTSPublic Land 1,250 14Semipublic Land 576Private Land 699TOTAL 2,525 14SPENDING AND FINANCIAL INCENTIVESCITY // €100 million in public/private investment and tax benefits for EV drivers. NATIONAL // There are several tax measuresto stimulate electromobility and up to €10 million is available up to 2015 to implement the national Action Plan. The plan containsa range of activities to stimulate electromobility in focus areas and viable market segments, to strengthen international collaborationand partnerships, and to roll out communication, research and monitoring. Besides this general economic policy, the nationalgovernment offers opportunities to stimulate electromobility and aims to participate in European projects and welcomesopportunities for cooperation with other countries.FLEET STRATEGYThe major cities and the province of Brabant currently include EVs in their fleets have plans to increase their share. Together withmarket companies, they will execute an active policy to expand the number of charging stations and EV’s in company fleets. Enexis,an independent grid operator, and Essent, an energy supplier, are frontrunners in Brabant.

EV CITY CASEBOOK // BRABANTSTADPG_24PUBLIC CHARGING IN EINDHOVENThe City of Eindhoven has taken the lead in developingpublic charging infrastructure and in installing publiccharging points in conjunction with the E-laad Foundation,a partnership between energy network operators who maintain public charging stationson a nationwide scale. Other cities in the region are following Eindhoven’s strategy.EMISSIONS-FREE PUBLIC TRANSPORTWith approximately 500 public buses driving throughBrabant each day, the province is organizing a transition to anemissions-free public transit system by the year 2020. In 2011,the province had five electric buses and plans to expand to 15 buses in 2013, which willprovide an opportunity to identify new business cases and analyze the need for expandingthe charging infrastructure.SHARED FLEET: PALEISKWARTIERIn the Paleiskwartier district of ’s-Hertogenbosch, localcompanies and institutions have created a shared fleet ofdifferent types of electric vehicles to increase the durabilityof the district and test the first smart charging system. This is the first Dutch project witha shared EV fleet. To learn more, visit elektrischautodelen.nl or paleiskwartier.nlBRABANT:A TRIPLE HELIX// Local test beds are key toBrabant’s approach. They create anartificial market in which a “TripleHelix” of industries, knowledgeinstitutes and government worktogether to develop expertise andknowledge in an open innovationenvironment.// Based on this approach, regionalactors and other stakeholderscan develop a strong exportposition. BrabantStad supports thedevelopment and implementationof electric mobility solutions notonly by creating demand but byincorporating the support of atechnology-driven industry. Withits strong background in electronicmechanics, semiconductors andindustrial automation, BrabantStadis the ideal site to developtechnologies for suppliers withinthe e-mobility industries.// The regional capital‘s-Hertogenbosch is creating testbedmarkets for varying forms ofelectric vehicle technology, suchas inductive charging in inner-cityzones. The primary focus is onrelatively small vehicles. In return,the city, the local bus company andother companies gain knowledgeon issues like system failures, costand maintenance.CONTACTSuzanne Oomensoomen@branbant.nlMORE INFORMATIONbrabantsmartsolutions.combrabantstad.nl// The ultimate aim is to exportthese ideas and productsworldwide, creating new jobslocally and producing profits forboth government and companies.// Brabant invites companies,knowledge institutes, educationalinstitutes and governments aroundthe world to collaborate on smartgrids and mobility in an openenvironment.

EV CITY CASEBOOK // GOTO ISLANDS, NAGASAKIPG_25GOTO ISLANDSNAGASAKI, JAPANCREATING DRIVING TOURS OF THE FUTURE// In 2009, the Nagasaki Prefecture established the NagasakiEV&ITS Consortium, a collaborative effort by industry, academiaand government to promote EVs and intelligent transportationsystems (ITS) throughout Nagasaki. The introduction of electricvehicles on the Goto Islands makes it possible to experiencea society where EVs operate widely in daily use. This uniqueproject offers an opportunity to consider what such a societyneeds, including charging infrastructure, effective operatingmethodologies, and services. The goal of the EV&ITS project isto create “Driving Tours of the Future” by incorporating EVs andITS technology into the local tourism industry.// Nagasaki is working with local residents to develop new ideasdevelopment by local industries, the utilization of renewableenergy such as solar or wind power, and the establishment ofa system for regional smart grid integration with EVs. The goalis to help create new businesses and industries, and revitalizethe local economy and society.// The project was launched to strengthen collaboration betweenlocal industries and universities, creating a Nagasaki-originatedglobal standard and a Nagasaki-originated regional businessmodel. To help achieve the “Driving Tours of the Future,”Nagasaki Prefecture is resolved to have the Goto Islands listed asa UNESCO World Heritage Site for its commitment to ecologicalpreservation, and leverage its special status as an island group.such as tourist services with navigational guidance, new EVPhoto credit. provided by METI (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry).

EV CITY CASEBOOK // GOTO ISLANDS, NAGASAKIPG_27©2012 SK M&C, ZENRINGOTO ISLANDS, NAGASAKI

EV CITY CASEBOOK // GOTO ISLANDS, NAGASAKIPG_28EV SPOTLIGHTAbout 35,000 people experienced EV rental cars from April2010 through January 2012 (16,000 trips). In the highestseason (August 2011), use reached to 398 rentals in one week(90.2 percent of all vehicles rented). The highest quick chargeruse was 19.9 charges/dayat the Fukue Island port in August 2010, which made for a “charging queue,” but nowsufficient numbers of charging spots are available on the Goto Islands.FUSION PROJECTA smart-grid project, Fusion Project, was organized by ProfessorNishi at Keio University and executed as a national project by theMinistry of Internal Affairs and Communications to demonstrateintegrated control of various demand and supply sources by proposing “meta-standardization”of communication protocols.EV PARADE SETS GUINNESS WORLD RECORDOn July 3, 2010, 100 EVs from Goto City and Shinkamigoto Townparaded around Fukue Island. The parade was certified as theworld’s longest for electric vehicles by Guinness World Records.INFORMATION TRAFFIC SYSTEM (ITS) SPOTSIn order to utilize a limited numbers of chargers and to createthe smartest service for EV drivers, ITS spots are now installedat charging spots to provide tourists with local information.This integrated tourism information platform provides locally collected information basedon IP content, which can be provided simultaneously to other info devices.NAGASAKI EV & ITSCONSORTIUM// The Nagasaki EV & ITSConsortium started with 99members from the auto industry,infrastructure providers,academies, associations, localcompanies, cities and towns, andobservers from governments,other prefectures and cities, andhas since grown to 200 members.// The consortium discussestechnical and functionalspecifications for the practicalintroduction and operation of EVsand ITS tourism and conductsdemonstrations of connecting EVsto the grid. The creation of a globalstandard and a regional businessmodel from the islands is anothergoal of the project.// Goto Islands provide a thrivingEV ecosystem with 155 EVs andPHEVs, 24 units of quick chargersat 12 spots, and locally developedITS information systems. EVs andPHEVs are mainly used for rentalcars and taxis for tourists andpeople can freely ride, and driveEVs and PHEVs on all of theislands. Quick chargers and ITSspots are installed at sightseeinglocations and take into accountspatial distribution and waitingtime for charging.CONTACTEV Project Promotion OfficeMORE INFORMATIONwww.pref.nagasaki.jp/ev/ev&its/Nagasaki Prefectural GovernmentSØ5165@pref.nagasaki.lg.jplAll photos on this page provided by METI (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry).

EV CITY CASEBOOK // HAMBURGPG_29HAMBURG GERMANYA CENTER OF INNOVATION IN SMART MOBILITY AND GREEN ENERGY SUPPLY// With more than 350 BEVs already in operation at the end of2011, the City of Hamburg and many partners from industry,local enterprises and public entities have made a strongcontribution to the German Federal Government’s plans toestablish the country as the prime market for e-mobility andas the global lead supplier in electric cars and components.// Hamburg’s trade and industry have a clear commitment togreen their daily operations. The vital network of corporatepartners with their commercial fleets offers a unique chanceto share knowledge on how to gradually incorporate EVs intoconventional fleets. The situation in Hamburg indicates a sounddemand for more vehicles in the years to come, helping to reacha critical mass in development and production. Moreover, EVdeployment poses quite a number of new challenges for urbanplanning strategies and transportation policies. The HamburgSenate, the local state government, launched an ambitiousmasterplan in November 2011. This not only includes theextension of the ongoing implementation strategy but alsomaps out several assignments to the municipal entities, suchas promoting EVs in municipal fleet procurement, installingcharging spots at public buildings, and considering EV-drivenconcepts in tender procedures, for example, offering public plots.// With regard to charging infrastructure, Hamburg hasconstituted three binding rules: 1) charging stations onpublic ground have to be in line with urban layout and cityarchitecture; 2) they have to be accessible for all EV users withoutimplying a customer relationship between provider and user(“discrimination-free”) and; 3) they focus on 100 percent greenenergy from renewable sources. This clear commitment to powerelectric vehicles exclusively with electricity from additionalrenewable sources is best practice in environmental policyand will boost acceptance of this new technology.Photo credit. provided by the City of Hamburg.

EV CITY CASEBOOK // HAMBURGPG_30[ SNAPSHOT ] HAMBURG= 100,000 people = 100,000 vehiclesPOPULATIONREGISTERED VEHICLESTRANSPORTATION MIX *5.1 million834,000PublicTransport18%Bike12%PassengerVehicle42%CO2 EMISSIONSWalk28%1.8 in city5.1 million in Hamburg region Trade/ServicesIndustry20%CITY SIZE † 32%AVG. DAILY TRAVEL (KM) **755 km 2Households22%Traffic26%3 2 . 0[ COUNTRY CONTEXT ] GERMANYELECTRICITY MIX **Coal Lignite 42%Nuclear 23%Renewables 16.5%Natural Gas 13.7%Heating Oil, Pumped Hydro, Others 5.2%CURRENT EVs/PHEVs4,541EV/PHEV TARGET2020: 1 millionEV & EVSE STATUSEV TODAY EV TOMORROW EVSE TODAY EVSE TOMORROW350268 passenger EVs80 light duty EVs5 hybrid buses(end of 2011)15,00010,500 passenger EV/PHEVs4,300 light/heavy duty EVs50 hybrid busesby 2015100public100corporate600public600corporate*Source: City of Hamburg, 2012. **Federal Association of the Electricity and Water Industry (BDEW). †Federal Motor Transport Authority, KBA, as of Jan. 1, 2012. ††Source National Platform forElectromobility, NPE, 2011. Photo provided by the City of Hamburg.

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PAULI Millerntorplatz2111Zirkusweg2551REEPERBAHN2113 KÖNIGSTRASSEDeichtorplatz2611HAMMERBROOKFischmarktFISCHMARKT211226512681ROTHENBURGSORTJe senstr.Struens estr.Chemnitzstr.EidelstedterBreite Str.WegOsterstr.Thadenstr.L.-Schroeder-Str.ReeperbahnB.-Nocht-Str.Hafenstr.Alter Elbtu nelSternschanzeFeldstr.Nedderfeld2711Oberstr.VorsetzenHallerstr.Binderstr.Schlüterstr.Johnsa l eEsplanadeWilly-Brandt-Str.WilhelmsburgVeringstraße/MannesalleeAlte Rabenstraße2712FernsichtSüdringJahnringAmLangenzugHofwegAdenauera leeWilhelmsburgBarkassenanleger/Mengestr.BorgwegZimmerstr.SüdringArmgartstr.Ja restr.Weidestr.Osterbekstr.Ei festr.Bi lstr.Lindleystr.He lbr okstr.Holsteinischer Kamp2682Glückstr.Uferstr.EilenauDehnhaideRi terstr.Papenstr.Ha selbr okstr.Hammer Ldstr.Eiffestr.Horner WegEV CITY CASEBOOK // HAMBURGPG_31©2012 GeoBasis-DE/BKO (2009) GoogleHAMBURGFLEET STRATEGYPUBLIC PROCUREMENT // As of today, there are 60 EVs in municipal fleets (state departments,public institutes, municipal companies), with plans for up to 500 EVs/PHEVs by the end of 2015.COMMERCIAL FLEETS // There is continuous introduction of EVs in the existing cluster patterns(logistics, aviation, maritime, renewable energy) and in specific branches of trade (e.g. media agencies).INNOVATIVECONCEPTS:HAMBURGTRANSPORTSYSTEMEV FLEETS (100 PUBLIC CHARGING SPOTS)CAR SHARING: E-FLINKSTEREV INFRASTRUCTURE INTEGRATIONStationsübersicht StadtRAD HamburgSTADTRAD (PUBLIC BIKE SYSTEM)BahrenfelderChausseeSchnackenburga leeBornkampswegFriedensa leeOttensenHohenzo lernringBahrenfelderSteindammFischers- a leeKeplerstr.StellingenHolstenkampKieler Str.Museumstr.Plöner Str.Max-Brauer-A leeKieler Str.Lokstedter Grenzstr.Hagenbeckstr.Altona-NordBehnstr.Schumacherstr.Elbe/HafenSte linger WegAltonaFruchta leeHolstenstr.Alsenstr.Stresemannstr.Niendorfer Str.Emil-Andresen-Str.Julius-Vo seler-Str.HeußwegWiesenstr.Emilienstr.PepermölenbekStresemana l eEimsbüttelWaterl ostr.Eimsbü teler Str.Max-Brauer-A leeBernstor fstr.U nastr.LokstedtGrandwegKollaustr.Troptowitzstr.Wohlwi lstr.Gärtnerstr.Goebenstr.Bismarckstr.Wrangelstr.RothenburgsortSternschanzeAltonaer Str.SchulterblattLokstedter SteindammHoheluftHohe WeideE pendorfer WegSt. PauliBudapester Str.Helgoländer A leeOsterfeldstr.Hoheluftchau seeMoltkestr.Beim SchlumpSchröderstiftstr.Glacischau seeBreitenfelder Str.HolstenwallLöwenstr.GrindelbergEppendorfMartinistr.Isestr.Grindela leeNeustadtLudwig-Erhard-Str.Tarpenbekstr.Scho tmü lerstr.Eppendorfer BaumRödingsmarktE pendorfer Ldstr.DeelbögeJungfernstiegBa lindammAltstadtHafenCityAusschnitt Innenstadt - Seite 2GrindelhofRotherbaumchau seeKe linghusenstr.BebelalleeHudtwalckerstr.St. Benedictstr.LeinpfadBraamkampHarvestehuder WegKennedybrückeLombardsbrückeDovenfleetSierichstr.BrooktorkaiOhlsdorfer Str.Glockengießerwa lBarmbeker Str.Sierichstr.Steintorwa lSchöne Au sichtMühlenkampHindenburgstr.H.-Weichmann-Str.An der AlsterHindenburgstr.GoldbekuferK.-Schumacher-A leeUhlenhorstSt. GeorgHögerdammSchwanenwikSpaldingstr.HammerbrookVersmannstr.SteindammNordkanalstr.WiesendammBarmbeker Str.NagelswegAmsinckstr.I flandstr.Bachstr.Winterhuder WegMundsburger DammSechslingspforteMühlendammWa lstr.Hammer- brookstr.ÜberseeringSchürbeker Str.Bartholomäu str.LerchenfeldBorgfelder Str.HeidenkampswegSüderstr.Norma nenwegA.-Schönfelder-Str.Saarlandstr.Schleidenstr.Hamburger Str.Lübecker Str.BürgerweideAlte WöhrRübenkampWagnerstr.Burgstr.Fuhlsbü tler Str.BarmbekBi lhorner DeichFuhlsbü tler Str.EilbekVierländer DammHabichtstr.Lortzingstr.Friedrichsberger StrBrahmfelder Str.EilbektalEilbeker WegKrausestr.Wandsbeker Chau see Wandsbeker Marktstr.SievekingdammHamm-NordAu schläger Bi ldeichBrahmfelder ChausseeSievekingsa leeHamm-MitteHamm-SüdNordschleswiger Str. Wandsbeker A leeStraßburger Str.Hammer Str.SchloßgartenJüthornstr.Wandsbeker Str.R.-Schumann-Br.Horner Ldstr.Bergedorfer Str.Aktive StationStation in PlanungStand: Januar 2012Änderungen vorbehalten“Fleet Strategy” photo provided by the City of Hamburg. Photo credits: “Innovative Concepts Hamburg Transport System” (clockwise from top left): 1) Provided by the City of Hamburg.2) DB Rent; 3) Hamburger Abendblatt; 4) Provided by the City of Hamburg.

EV CITY CASEBOOK // HAMBURGPG_32EV SPOTLIGHTCREATING STRONG PARTNERSHIPSFully aware of today’s early market phase, policy-makers,industry, academia and local authorities in Hamburg areworking hand-in-hand to establish a joint local strategy forEV deployment. This dialogue-based approach, which brings together companies, tradeassociations, the scientific community and social players, focuses not just on R&D-issues, butplaces much emphasis on the demand side, business cases and the economical feasibility of abroad-range implementation strategy for EVs and the respective mobility and energy schemes.BENEFITS OFEV DEPLOYMENTLOCAL KNOWLEDGE BUILD-UPURBAN DEVELOPMENT INTEGRATIONUrban planning in Hamburg is greatly impacted by the broaddiversification of mobility patterns, including: the adoption ofcar sharing; public bike systems (resulting in increased need forbike paths); the extension of public transport routes; and the need for a public EV charginginfrastructure. // Hamburg has a clear strategy for EV adoption, smart development of urbanstructures, environmental and climate protection, competitiveness and economic viability.This political approach also includes the implementation of e-mobility schemes in housingprograms, spatial planning and district development.ONE STEP AHEAD: WIRELESS CHARGINGWhile Hamburg is not home to traditional automotive industries,there is great potential for EV innovation as Hamburg-based■■■■■Local dealers carry outmaintenance and small repairs;they improve their handling withelectric componentsCar users get experienced asearly adopters and get familiarwith this new technologyEntrepreneurs take the risk offounding a new business andcreate new jobsSubstantial framework policieslike regulations for privilegedparking, etc. are developedBusiness models are establishedon a business-to-business andbusiness-to-consumer levelindustrial companies from the intralogistics sector(Still, Jungheinrich, Linde), which have substantial knowledge in manufacturing electricmotors and components. A growing network of partners has developed a comprehensiveapproach to provide converted e-cars and to testing and establishing innovative chargingmodes. Inductive energy transmission via the front number plate is one pathbreakingapplication \that could gain more significance in the near future.LESSONS LEARNED■■■■■Demonstrate technical feasibilityIdentify barriersImplement innovative solutionsCreate local added valueLaunch first business modelsCONTACTPetra KampmannhySOLUTIONS GmbHPetra.Kampmann@hysolutions-hamburg.deMORE INFORMATIONelektromobilitaethamburg.dehysolutions-hamburg.deAll photos on this page provided by the City of Hamburg.

EV CITY CASEBOOK // HELSINKIPG_33HELSINKI FINLANDNEW E-MOBILITY BUSINESS THROUGH THE TEKES EVE PROGRAM COMMUNITY// Finland is the perfect location for e-mobility development dueto its top class IT and engineering competence. The country’sfunctional infrastructure and harsh weather conditions createoptimal conditions for demanding testing environments.// The Electric Vehicle Systems programme (EVE) was createdto support the community of electric vehicle and support system// Four of the five consortia of the EVE program are focused onpassenger traffic and related systems. The fifth develops electricvehicle technologies and services in commercial use.// The EVE program akes advantage of the close cooperationof the Finnish research institutes and enterprises to create anoutstanding international community of e-mobility businesses.developers with close contacts to international research andbusiness networks. The program also focuses on developing testenvironments and standards for the industry.

EV CITY CASEBOOK // HELSINKIPG_34[ SNAPSHOT ] HELSINKI= 100,000 people = 100,000 vehiclesPOPULATIONCITY SIZE TRANSPORTATION MIX *1 million+/-765 km 2Bike6%Walk12%PassengerVehicle41%PublicTransport41%HELSINKI©2012 Google[ COUNTRY CONTEXT ] FINLANDELECTRICITY MIX **Nuclear 33%Coal 22%Hydro 18%Gas 14%Biofuels 12%Other 1%CURRENT EVs120 (some PHEVs in test use)SPENDING & FINANCIALINCENTIVESThe vehicle taxes are lower for low carbon dioxide emissionvehicles. The state is investing totally about 40 MEUR to thedevelopment of electric vehicle systems.EV/PHEV TARGET2020: 80,000(base estimate, no official target)INFRASTRUCTURECharging stations have been installed in public places likeshopping centers, office buildings, parking houses etc.No special target is set for the infrastructure. Howeverthe infrastructure is developed as a part of the nationalelectric vehicle system programme.*Source: Urban Audit, 2004 **Source: IEA 2009

EV CITY CASEBOOK // HELSINKIPG_35EV SPOTLIGHTEVC: HELSINKI’S COMMERCIAL ELECTRIC VEHICLE PROGRAMHelsinki’s EV program takes a “living laboratory approach” to discovering the best solutions forintegrating electrical vehicles into society. This approach provides an open laboratory for theusers interested in EV-related businesses. VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland is leadingElectric Commercial Vehicles (ECV), a nationwide test platform for electric vehicles and theirsystems and components. As VTT’s flagship initiative, the program seeks to introduce electric buses into Helsinki city trafficand support R&D of traction batteries. // ECV will create a large and versatile world-class research and testing infrastructurefor electric commercial vehicles, encompassing a broad scope of vehicles from buses, vans and trucks to light and heavy workingmachinery. The project unites most of the Finnish companies and research centers working in this area. The main research topicsof ECV are: 1) hybrid and full electric buses, light and heavy mobile machinery, electrochemical energy storage and other electricalcomponents; 2) the innovation chain from design and performance of individual components, to the combination of componentsinto subsystems, to systems as part of the EV and separate from the EV; 3) laboratory testing of components, systems and vehicles,and simulation and modelling at all levels; and 4) field testing, analysis and performance evaluation. // Veolia Transport Finlandis a key player and is working with VTT to start up the first electric bus field test in Finland. Veolia Transport Finland will operatecommercial battery electric buses in Espoo, and VTT will support the project with in-depth performance evaluations. In addition,an electric research bus was built to facilitate component development and bench-marking. For example, an extensive battery testlab is operated next to the electric bus R&D activities. Severe real-life operating conditions and the comprehensive setup of theproject have attracted an impressive list of both Finnish and international industrial partners.VALMET AUTOMOTIVE// Valmet Automotive is a global service provider for the automotiveindustry and a forerunner in electric mobility. The Finland-basedcompany is a partner of the American automotive company, FiskerAutomotive, in engineering and manufacturing the luxury electricvehicle, Fisker Karma. Valmet Automotive participates in projectsand initiatives aimed at advancing EV technology and developingtest environments for gathering data from the real life operationof the new technologies.// Valmet Automotive is an experienced provider of automotiveengineering, vehicle manufacturing, convertible roof systems andrelated business services. The company’s focus areas are premiumcars, convertibles and electric vehicles. Valmet Automotive currentlyemploys 1,700 professionals in Finland, Germany, Poland, Sweden,China and the U.S.Photo credits (in order of appearance on page): 1) A123 Systems; 2) Provided by VTT Technical Center of Finland.

EV CITY CASEBOOK // HELSINKIPG_36EV SPOTLIGHTOPEN PLATFORM COLLABORATIONThe Eco Urban Living initiative (EUL) is a development platform for new urban developmentand electromobility-related technologies. The EUL aims to research, test and demonstratethe features and functionality of fully electric vehicles as well as the economic feasibility ofrelated components, including various charging solutions. The initiative operates on an openplatform, allowing for the development and utilization of all types of equipment and services.// EUL is comprised of several components: 1) EV Technology, 2) Customer Dialogue,3) Market Making Ecosystems, and, 4) World Alliance for Low Carbon Cities.// EUL promotes the development of new EV-related technologies and services as wellas strengthens international networking in support of rapid commercialization of thedemonstration results as well as their utilization both nationally and internationally.Thus, the initiative has three dimensions: regional, research-oriented and commercial.// Participants in EUL include: leading cities; companies such as Synocus and ValmetAutomotive; public sector organizations, university and research institutes, such as AaltoUniversity, the Technical University of Lappeenranta, Hanken School of Economics,and the Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT) as well as the City of Espoo–all withstrong international networks to ensure that the research contributions will lead to concreteresults and effective solutions. // For more information, visit eco-urbanliving.com or email:Henrik.Hultin@synocus.com or Jussi.Hulkkonen@synocus.comECO URBAN LIVING:OPEN PLATFORMCOLLABORATIONElectric Traffic Helsinki Test Bed(Electrictraffic.fi) is an R&Dand networking project that looksinto the design of services withinan electric traffic ecosystem ofthe future. Behind the projectis a unique private-publicpartnership between 20 Finnishand international companies,five cities, three educational andresearch institutes as well aslocal and national authorities.Electricttraffic.fi is the largest ofTekes EVE program projects andone of World Design Capital 2012Helsinki projects.// The companies behind theproject include energy companieslike Siemens; Fortum and HelsinginEnergia; infranet solutionsprovider Eltel Networks; chargingequipment manufacturer Ensto;construction group Lemminkäinen;electrical components wholesalerSLO; vehicle importer Veho; retail,grocery store and restaurantoperator HOK-Elanto–and manyothers.// The project’s focal points arethe services EV users need and theinfrastructures behind them. Theproject companies are building afully-functional EV ecosystem inthe Helsinki capital area–includinga test fleet of several hundred EVs–that allows an EV driver to takeadvantage of all the charging pointsof different electricity providerswithout the need of becoming adirect client of them all.// To learn more, please visitelectrictraffic.fi or emailElias.Poyry@e e r a . fi .

EV CITY CASEBOOK // KANAGAWAPG_37KANAGAWA JAPANKANAGAWA CREATES MEASURES TO PROMOTE EVs// BASIC POLICY Kanagawa Prefecture (K.P.G.) features manyautomobile and battery production facilities, as well as severaluniversities and institutes that are conducting research anddevelopment of automobile technology and power generatingunits. In 2006, the Kanagawa EV Promotion Council, comprisedof government, K.P.G., industry and academia, was establishedto develop and promote the EV technology. The Council hascontinued deliberations on concrete measures for EV promotion.// In March 2008, the Council created the Kanagawa EVPromotion Measures. These measures established the goal ofincreasing the use of EVs to 3,000 in the prefecture by FY2014,and to present programs to be undertaken by the nationalEVs, K.P.G. launched EV Initiative Kanagawa and beganinstalling charging stations.// OBJECTIVE Based on sales of previous hybrid vehicles,which reached 3,000 within five years of their introductionto the market, Kanagawa set a target of 3,000 EVs by 2013.The objective is to create an environment where the rate ofelectric vehicle sales will equal or surpass hybrid adoption.// RESULTS As of December 31, 2011, Kanagawa has morethan 2,100 EVs. As of January 31, 2012, the prefecture has109 DC quick chargers and 341 100/200V outlets.government, K.P.G., and various businesses. In order to promotePhoto credit. credit: Kanagawa Prefectural Tourist Association.

EV CITY CASEBOOK // KANAGAWAPG_38[ SNAPSHOT ] KANAGAWA= 100,000 people = 100,000 vehiclesPOPULATION9,061,898REGISTERED VEHICLES3,055,966CITY SIZE2,415.86 km 26th smallest prefecture in Japan.Passenger vehicles, as of Oct. 31, 2011[ COUNTRY CONTEXT ] JAPANELECTRICITY MIX *Natural Gas 27.4%Nuclear 26.9%Coal 26.8%Oil 8.8%Hydro 7.9%Other 2.2%CURRENT EVs/PHEVs2,446+EV/PHEV TARGET (2020)20%(sales target, all vehicles sold)CHARGING TARGET (2020)NORMAL 2 millionFAST 5,000EV & EVSE STATUSEV TODAY EV TOMORROW EVSE TODAY EVSE TOMORROW2,183 3,000 109100341Quick Battery Chargers1,000100/200V Outletsby FY2013Jan. 31, 2011by FY2013*Source IEA, 2009. Photo credits: Kanagawa Prefectural Government.

EV CITY CASEBOOK // KANAGAWAKANAGAWA©2012 Google, ZENRININCENTIVESK.P.G. provides subsidies, tax breaks and other incentives to reduce initial user burden and to improve convenience. The nationalgovernment provides a subsidy equal to 50 percent of the cost differential between an EV and a gasoline vehicle. In addition,K.P.G. tops up the other half of this subsidy and provides tax relief for automobile tax (for five years) and automobile acquisitiontax by 100 percent. // Additional incentives include half-price discounts for prefectural tolls and parking lots under thejurisdiction of K.P.G. and half-price discounts for expressway tolls within the prefecture.CHARGING INFRASTRUCTUREK.P.G. aims to install 100 DC quick chargers in the prefecture by the end of FY2014. In order to achieve this target, K.P.G. is providingsubsidies to the companies who will install DC quick chargers at gasoline stations, convenience stores, shopping centers, etc. // K.P.G.established a target of installing 1,000 100/200V outlets by FY2014.TYPE OF CHARGING STATION DC QUICK CHARGERS 100/200V OUTLETSCurrent (as of Jan. 31, 2012) 109 341Target FY2014 100 1,000

EV CITY CASEBOOK // KANAGAWAEV SPOTLIGHTCITIZEN AWARENESS MEASURESIn cooperation with the members of the Kanagawa EVNISSAN LEAFSUBSIDY EXAMPLEPromotion Council, K.P.G. holds events where participants cantest-drive EVs. This enables K.P.G. to examine and implementmodel projects and to give prefectural citizens the opportunityto experience the high performance of electric vehicles.HAKONE EV TOWN PROJECTHakone is famous for its hot springs–over 20 million people ayear visit from Japan and abroad. K.P.G. and the town of Hakoneaim to create an EV showcase and transform Hakone into a lowcarbon community. As part of this plan, K.P.G., Hakone Town and private organizations areworking with hotels, businesses, sightseeing spots, museums, golf courses, restaurants, etc.,Sale Price 3.7M ¥LESS Nat’l Gov’t Subsidy -.78 M ¥LESS K.P.G. Subsidy -.39 M ¥FINAL PRICE * 2.60 M ¥*Does not account for additional savings due tomunicipal subsidies, tax reductions, reductionin fuel costs, etc.to install EV chargers (mainly 200V) for their guests. In addition, Hakone Town will featurea sightseeing EV taxi service as well as EV, and e-bike, rental sharing programs.CONTACTThe HAKONE EV Town ProjectEnjoy ECO sightseeing by EVs!CHARGING STANDSTraffic Environment DivisionNew Energy and Global WarmingCounter-Measures Department,Trains or BusesEnvironment & Agriculture BureauEV SHARINGRESTAURANTSEV RENTALSKanagawa Prefectural GovernmentPromotion of EVsHOTELSHOTSPRINGSev3000@pref.kanagawa.jpIntroductionof ChargersMake HAKONEan EV Showcase20 million TouristsMORE INFORMATIONMUSEUMSGOLF LINKSE-BIKESE-TAXISRail & EVPark & EVPromotionpref.kanagawa.jp/cnt/f4259/Low Carbon CommunityPhoto credits (in order of appearance on page): 1) Kanagawa Prefectural Government; 2) Kanagawa Prefectural Tourist Association;3) Kanagawa Prefectural Government.

LOS ANGELESPG_41LOS ANGELESCALIFORNIA, USABUILDING UPON A LEGACY OF COMMITMENT TO PEV TECHNOLOGY// The City of Los Angeles is often known as the ‘car capitalof the world.’ Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa is firmly committedto plug-in vehicle technology, building upon the city’s historicEV deployment in the 1990s from which there remains ahandful of vehicles and 117 public access legacy chargers.Mayor Villaraigosa aims to turn the City of L.A. into the PEVcar capital of the world, and LA is already demonstratingnational and international leadership in this space.// Why PEVs? In Los Angeles, the deployment of plug-in vehiclesis grounded firmly in the understanding that this technologywill further enable the city to reduce GHG emissions fromtransportation, improve regional air quality, and drive localand national economic growth.■ On-road vehicles represent 43 percent of the City of■ While smog and soot levels have dropped significantly inSouthern California over the last decade, the Los Angelesregion still has the highest levels of ozone in the United States,violating federal health standards an average of 137 days a year.■ EVs currently produce 71 percent fewer emissions per mile thangas vehicles; PHEVs produce 48 percent fewer emissions permile than gas vehicles (both based on California’s grid mix).L.A.’s use of renewable energy is growing dramatically, reaching20 percent in 2010, with the goal of 33 percent by 2020.■ With a municipally-owned utility, money previously exportedthrough gasoline sales will now remain in the city and region.In addition, in 2010, Los Angeles also became headquartersto two electric vehicle manufacturers: BYD and CODA, andnumerous other companies in the EV and EVSE supply chain.Los Angeles’ emissions, including carbon dioxide.

EV CITY CASEBOOK // LOS ANGELESPG_42[ SNAPSHOT ] LOS ANGELES= 100,000 people = 100,000 vehiclesPOPULATION4,100,000REGISTERED VEHICLES2,500,000CITY SIZE470 mi 2AVERAGE DAILY TRAVEL (MI) *2 3 . 0TRANSPORTATION MIX ** ELECTRICITY MIX CO2 EMISSION MIXOtherWork At Home5.5%4.7%Public10.3%Passenger Vehicle79.5%Coal 39%Natural Gas 22%Eligible Renewables 20%Nuclear 11%Large Hydro: 3%Other: 5%IndustrialOperations15%Residential19%Commercial21%Industrial Proceses 1%City Operations/Other 1%On/Off RoadVehicles43%EV & EVSE STATUSEV TODAY EV TOMORROW EVSE TODAY EVSE TOMORROW2,000 80,000 †State Target: 1.4 million106 ††Undetermined*Source (Average Daily Travel): Federal Highway Administration.**Source (Transportation Mix): The City of Los Angeles Transportation Profiles, 2009. †Source (EV Tomorrow): Realizing thePotential of the Los Angeles Electric Vehicle Market, Juan Matute, UCLA Luskin Center for Innovation. ††Source (EVSE Today): Advanced Fuels & Advanced Vehicles Data Center. EV & EVSEStatus photo provided by the City of Los Angeles.

EV CITY CASEBOOK // LOS ANGELESPG_43LOS ANGELES©2012 City of Pasadena, Cybercity, GoogleSPENDING AND FINANCIAL INCENTIVESNATIONAL // The federal government currently offers a tax credit of up to $7,500 for PEV purchases. STATE // The California AirResources Board (CARB) is revising the Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) mandate to include GHG reduction; and the Low Carbon FuelStandard (LCFS) will mandate a 10 percent reduction in average fuel carbon intensity for all fuels distributed by 2020. // The stateoffers a vehicle purchase rebate (through CARB) of up to $2,500. // Single-occupant Zero-Emission Vehicles allowed in HOV lanes.E-BUSES AT LAXOn October 25th, 2011, BYD officially opened its L.A. headquarters. That day the company alsoannounced a partnership with Hertz Car Rental, providing the first long-range all-electric eBUSshuttle bus fleet at Los Angeles International Airport and the first all-electric vehicles for theirLos Angeles rental fleet. These all-electric buses not only dramatically reduce emissions, but alsoresult in an estimated savings of up to $500,000 over the lifetime of each vehicle.E-TRUCKS AT THE PORT OF LAIn 2009, the Port of Los Angeles took delivery of 25 heavy-duty, all-electric drayage trucks orderedfrom Balqon Corp. The truck–the first of its kind at any port worldwide–can pull a 60,000-poundcargo container at a top speed of 40 mph, and has a range between 30 to 60 miles per battery charge.Included in the provisions of its electric truck order, the port required Balqon Corp. to locate its factoryin the City of Los Angeles and pay the port a royalty for every electric truck it sells or leases worldwide. Those funds will be used toadvance other Port Technology Advancement Program initiatives.“E-Bus” and “E-Truck” photos provided by the City of Los Angeles.

PG_44EV SPOTLIGHTSOCAL EVLos Angeles is working with a regional collaborative–comprisedof utilities, cities, and regional government agencies–known asSoCal EV, share regional EV data and research, jointly pursuegrant funding opportunities, and coordinate a regional approach to the deployment of PEVcharging infrastructure.REALIZING THE EV MARKET POTENTIALThe Mayor’s Office, Los Angeles Department of Water and Power(LADWP), the C40-Clinton Climate Initiative, UCLA’s AndersonSchool of Business and Luskin Center collaborated on a year-longresearch project to understand the potential EV market in Los Angeles by zip code, identifyexisting barriers for deployment, and consider monetary/non-monetary interventions. PhaseII will examine best practices of EVSE installation in multi-unit dwellings and cost recoverymodels for public charging. Download the study at www.luskin.ucla.edu/ev.SMART GRID DEMONSTRATIONThe LADWP was awarded over $60 million in Smart GridDemonstration federal funding, and provided a $60 millionmatch, to develop, deploy and test advanced smart gridtechnologies in partnership with a consortium of top Southern California research institutesincluding USC, UCLA, and CalTech/Jet Propulsion Laboratory.GLOBAL BEST PRACTICESince 2009, the City of Los Angeles has been working closelywith the C40-Clinton Climate Initiative cities to understand andshare global PEV best practice. // In January 2011, the City ofLos Angeles and the City of Shanghai agreed to be Partner Cities and to cooperate and sharedata from their respective EV demonstration programs.PROMOTING PEV ADOP-TION IN LAIn the past three years, the cityhas made tremendous strides tounderstand and prepare for thedeployment of PEVs by taking amultifaceted approach:BUILDING CODES// City building codes containEV-readiness requirements for allnew construction as of Jan. 1, 2011.REBATES & DISCOUNTS// The LADWP provides an EVcharging rate discount; $2,000residential EVSE installationrebate; seven-day permit toplug guarantee for single familyresidential customers; a dedicatedEV customer service team.UPGRADES// The LADWP has been upgradingthe city’s electrical infrastructureto support the increased powerdemand necessary for chargingan electric vehicle. To date,LADWP has upgraded over 2,400distribution transformers andreplaced over 800 poles.CHARGING STATIONS// PEV charging on city propertyis currently free.COLLABORATION// The City has collaborated withthe Southern California region ona number of grant opportunities tosupport EV research/deployment.// The City worked with the regionand industry stakeholders todevelop and hold a series of EV 101workshops for municipalities andresidents.CONTACTBeth JinesBeth.Jines@lacity.orgMORE INFORMATIONsocalev.com// The city is working with theUniversity of California at LosAngeles (UCLA) to understandthe L.A.’s EV market potentialand identify research and policyinterventions.All photos on this page provided by the City of Los Angeles.

NEW YORK CITYPG_45// In 2007, New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg announcedthe PlaNYC initiative to create a 2030 vision for the city and anagenda of objectives to prepare for population growth, fostereconomic growth and reduce carbon emissions.// Air quality in New York City currently fails to meet federalstandards for particulate matter (PM) and ozone. Since only 44percent of New York City households own a vehicle (comparedreduction goals are prioritized around public transit, walkingand bicycle usage. However, electric vehicles will play animportant role in the city’s plan.// Powered on New York City’s grid, EVs are estimated toemit .55 lbs of CO2 per mile, less than nearly all other vehicles.To meet its PlaNYC goal of a 30 percent reduction in CO2 fleetemissions by 2017, the city is adding electric vehicles to its fleet.to 90 percent nationally), the city’s transportation-emissions

EV CITY CASEBOOK //[ SNAPSHOT ] NEW YORK CITY= 100,000 people = 100,000 vehiclesPOPULATIONREGISTERED VEHICLESTRANSPORTATION MIX *8,200,0001,800,000Carpool 5%Work At Home 4%Other13%Drive Alone23%Subwayor Railroad43%Bus12%CITY SIZE469 mi 2AVERAGE DAILY TRAVEL (MI) **0 9 . 0CONGESTION PLANELECTRICITY MIX † CO2 EMISSIONS MIX ††Natural Gas 54%Nuclear 30%Hydro 9%Coal 6%Residential Fuel Oil 1%Industrial/Institutional16%Transportation21%Other5%Commercial21%Residential37%EV & EVSE STATUSEV TODAY EV TOMORROW EVSE TODAY EVSE TOMORROW238 75+/-*Source: American Community Survey 2007-2009. **City of New York website (2010). †/**Source: Inventory of New York City GHG Emissions, Sep. 2011.

EV NEW CITY YORK CASEBOOK CITY// SECTIONPG_47 PG_01©2012 GoogleNEW YORK CITYCONDITIONS FOR EVDespite the density and traffic-conditions of the city, New York is a good environment for integrating an EV infrastructure.Fifty percent of Manhattan drivers and 80 percent of Staten Island drivers have assigned parking, which could mitigate the difficultiesof home charging for high rise and multi-unit tenants.FINANCIAL INCENTIVES AND LAWSNATIONAL // The federal government currently offers a tax credit of up to $7,500 for PEV purchases. STATE // EV/PHEV drivershave access to high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes, regardless of the number of passengers. // All new light-duty vehicles procuredby state agencies must be alternative fuel vehicles, except for designated police or emergency vehicles. CITY // Long Island PowerAuthority offers a $500 rebate to its customers who purchase EVs. // The New York City Private Fleet Program provides significantincentives for the purchase of medium- and heavy-duty electric vehicles.FLEET STRATEGYNew York City is making strides toward integrating electrification into its 26,000-vehicle fleet.In 2011, the city purchased 50 Chevy Volts and 10 Ford Transit Connects and acquired 10 electriceStar trucks on loan from Navistar. The new acquisitions bring the entire electric fleet to 430 vehicles,which include neighborhood electric vehicles and scooters. // The city, Con Edison, Nissan and a private taxi company are testingsix Leafs to determine the feasibility of EVs in New York City taxi fleets.Photo credit: Spencer Tucker.

EV NEW CITY YORK CASEBOOK CITY// SECTIONPG_48EV SPOTLIGHTCHARGING INFRASTRUCTURENew York City has over 73 public charging stations, mostlyin commercial garages. Recently, The New York StateEnergy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA)awarded several grants that will significantly increase the number of public charging stationsin the city and throughout the state. // As part of their ChargePoint America program,Coulomb Technologies is offering free charging stations to New York City EV owners whoagree to anonymous data collection.KEY ORGANIZATIONSAND STAKEHOLDERSThe following organizations areleading the city’s EV efforts:■New York City government:as part of PlaNYC, the city hascommitted greening its fleet,streamlining home installations,and ensuring public availabilityof charging stations■New York City and Lower HudsonUNDERSTANDING CONSUMER ADOPTIONIn January 2010, New York City published an electric vehicle adoption study in partnershipwith McKinsey & Company. The purpose of the study was to understand the key driversthat could encourage early adoptions of electric vehicles. Findings: New York City has astrong segment of potential early adopters. // A lack of education and information inhibitsdemand. // There is low interest in public charging infrastructure. // Solving multi-familyunit parking and charging could be a challenge. However, 59 percent of New Yorkers havedesignated parking spaces (at home or place of work).Valley Clean Communities(NYCLHVCC): focusing oninfrastructure deployment aspart of recently awarded CleanCities Community Readiness andPlanning Grant.■New York Power Authority:working with MetropolitanTransit Authority and New YorkState Energy Research andDevelopment Authority to electrifybuses, trucks, delivery vans andairport vehicles.Impact of Education onLikelihood of EV Adoption *More Likelyto Adopt21%Less Likelyto Adopt18%Stay the Same61%■ConEdison: As part of theNissan Leaf taxi pilot, the utilityis working with building ownersto install DC fast chargers atstrategic locations. In addition,ConEd has developed a method forproviding time-of-use electricityrates to EV owners withoutrequiring an additional meter.The utility will create a dynamicpricing scheme that is separatefrom the whole-house electricityusage, negating the costsassociated with installingan additional meter.CONTACTMORE INFORMATIONAri Kahnnyc.gov/driveelectricAKahn2@cityhall.nyc.govnyc.gov/PlaNYC*Source: McKinsey EV Adoption Study, 2007. “Charging Infrastructure” photo credit: Spencer Tucker. “Understanding ConsumerAdoption” photo credit: Nathan Pinsley.

EV CITY CASEBOOK // NORTH EAST ENGLANDPG_49NORTH EASTENGLAND, U.K.LEADING THE WAY IN LOW CARBON TRANSPORT// North East England encompasses Northumberland, CountyDurham, Tyne and Wear, and Teesside. According to researchby the GreenCarWebsite.co.uk, people in this region aresignificantly more open to the concept of electric cars than inother parts of the country. In fact, 10 percent of EVs registeredin the U.K. are in North East England, which has only 4 percentof the country’s population.// North East England has an extensive, long-establishedautomotive industry that is home to some of the world’s leadingcompanies including Nissan, which has operated in the region// North East England is now at the forefront of low carbonvehicle development and has an international reputation in thefield. The region offers a comprehensive package, includingmanufacturing and battery development, R&D, skills, training,as well as a leading supply chain–making it the place to be forlow carbon vehicle (LCV) development and maintenance.// The area’s reputation is strengthened by the productionof the Nissan Leaf at Nissan Sunderland’s plant and thenew £200 million battery plant that will produce 60,000lithium-ion batteries each year.since 1986. North East England produces one in three of allconventional cars currently made in the U.K. It is a result of thisinnovative automotive environment that the development andmanufacture of low carbon vehicles have taken place.Photo credit: Zero Carbon Futures.

NORTH EAST ENGLANDNORTH EAST ENGLAND©2012 GoogleSPENDING & FINANCIAL INCENTIVESNATIONAL // 20 percent, up to £8,000, off the cost of a plug-in van. // 25 percent, up to £5,000, off the cost of a plug-in vehicle.// 50–100 percent grants available for the purchase and installation of charging infrastructure.INFRASTRUCTURENATIONAL // The U.K. Government, through its Plugged in Places program, has made £30 million available to match funds foreight pilot projects that will install EV infrastructure. The program has committed to installing up to 8,500 charging points.FLEET STRATEGYResearch undertaken with the two main electric vehicle dealerships in North East England has shown that 85 percent of the currentEVs sold in the region have been purchased by businesses as fleet and pool cars, a market that has become increasingly important tothe region. In March 2012, North East England held its first fleet day in the region with GreenFleet magazine to further promote thebenefits of EV ownership.EVs IN NORTH EAST ENGLANDBusinesses in the region gain grants up to 100 percent for EV charging infrastructure. // Newcastle University’s TransportOperations Research Group is currently studying the long term impact of Vehicle to Grid on battery lifetime. // The region has amajor manufacturing sector, including Nissan, Smith Electric Vehicles, AVID and Sevcon, which support the creation of hundreds ofjobs. With the manufacture of the Nissan Leaf, and the developing supply chain LCV, the sector is set to become a real economic driver.

EV CITY CASEBOOK // NORTH EAST ENGLANDPG_52EV SPOTLIGHTMORE INFORMATIONCHARGE YOUR CARWith over 300 public standard chargers, eight quick chargersand 80 home charging points already installed in the region,the North East is the most connected EV charging networkin the U.K. The Charge Your Car project was one of the first Plugged in Places projects toreceive funding from OLEV with the aim of making the region home to one of Europe’s mostadvanced electric-vehicle charging networks. (chargeyourcar.org.uk)SWITCH EVDrivers in North East England are able to try before they buythanks to an exciting project, Switch EV, which is placing 44electric vehicles on the road. The project, now in its second year,is funded through the Technology Strategy Board’s program and places EVs on lease for a sixmonthbasis to companies, individuals, organizations and car clubs. The aim of the project is tounderstand driver experience. (switchev.co.uk)EV CHALLENGESThe work to install an EV infrastructure has been against thebackdrop of U.K. economic hardship, which has seen drastic cutsto both public and private bodies’ funds and has led to a lower EVuptake than expected. // In April 2010 when the Charge Your Car project began there wereno EV charging technical standards available, so the North East has worked closely with theIET (Institution of Engineering and Technology) and others to create appropriate guidanceand Codes of Practice, resulting in the adoption of Type 2 connectors and practical advice ondomestic earthing solutions for the U.K.CONTACTAnya BramichAnya.Bramich@gateshead.ac.ukA LEADING EUROPEANELECTROMOBILITYMETROPOLIS// North East England placesconsiderable emphasis on thelow carbon vehicle sector as aneconomic driver and is focusedon electric vehicle and batterydevelopment, including the futurepossibilities of hydrogen technologyas well as alternative fuels.MANUFACTURINGNorth East England is home to majorEV manufacturers including Nissan.TRAINING & SKILLSGateshead College’s Skills Academyfor Sustainable Manufacturing andInnovation will train work forces inall areas of electric vehicles fromrepair and maintenance to batterymanufacture and repair. SunderlandUniversity is the U.K.’s firstuniversity to offer an MSC in LowCarbon Vehicle Technology.R&DThe region’s five universities areconducting innovative researchcovering the construction anddrivetrain aspects of LCV,information transfer and usagecharacteristics. Collaborativework is also ongoing with theTSB and CENEX, allowing theregion to feature in major vehicletrials and research.TESTING & TRIALSThe region is home to the only testtrack dedicated to LCVs.PUBLIC EDUCATION/AWARENESSThe Plugged in Places programhas a remit to support LCV publicawareness and engagement.Together with the Energy SavingsTrust, the program is putting ona range of activities in the region.zerocarbonfutures.co.ukAll photos on this page provided by Charge Your Car North, Ltd.

EV CITY CASEBOOK // PORTLANDPG_53PORTLANDOREGON, USAA CITY WITH A BIG PICTURE TRANSPORTATION ELECTRIFICATION STRATEGY// EVs are a part of a larger transportation electrificationstrategy–the Portland region has been electrifying transportationsince the appearance of the first Metropolitan Area Express(MAX) light rail train in 1986. The success of MAX helped spawnthe Portland Streetcar in 2001, and the Portland Aerial Tram is arecent addition to Portland’s electrified transportation portfolio.■■■■The city seeks a 30 percent reduction in transportationrelated emissions by 2030.Transportation accounts for 38 percent of GHG emissions.Oregon spends $6.2B on annual oil imports.Plan calls for accelerated transition to plug-in vehiclesand an extensive charging network by 2012.// Why electric vehicles? Portland’s Climate Action Plan aimsfor a 40 percent reduction in CO2 emissions, below 1990 levelsby 2030. In addition to increased use of public transit, EVs willplay a key role in this goal.■ The EV industry could potentially add 8,000 to 19,000new jobs by 2030.■Switching to EVs will reduce SOx by 75 percent, NOx by69 percent, and particulate matter (PM) by 31 percent.

EV CITY CASEBOOK // PORTLANDPG_54[ SNAPSHOT ] PORTLANDPOPULATION583,776TRANSPORTATION MIXPublic15%Walkor Bike12%Motorized73%CO2 EMISSION MIX * ELECTRICITY MIX= 100,000 people = 100,000 vehiclesREGISTERED VEHICLESCITY SIZE527,000 145.4 mi 2AVERAGE DAILY TRAVEL (MI)1 8 . 5Residential21%Industrial15%Transportation39%Coal 44%Hydro 27%Natural Gas 24%Wind 4%Other 1%Commercial36%EV & EVSE STATUSEV TODAY EV TOMORROW EVSE TODAY EVSE TOMORROW1,300City: UndeterminedState: 30,000225Undeterminedby 2015*Source (CO2 Emissions Mix): City of Portland and Multnomah County Climate Action Plan, 2009. EV & EVSE photo provided by Portland General Electric.

EV CITY CASEBOOK // PORTLANDPG_55©2012 Google, SanbornPORTLANDCONDITIONS FOR EVConditions for EV use in Portland are extremely favorable. // Short commutes (average: 18.5 miles). // Affordable electricity prices.// A comparatively clean electricity system. // Good climate: warm, dry summers and wet, but mild, winters. // An environmentallyconcerned public: 58 percent support goals of Climate Action Plan; 22 percent desire more.INFRASTRUCTUREThe EV Project, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, will deploy 2,000 stations in Portland and the surrounding area by 2013.// Charging will be free to participants who agree to anonymous data collection. // Mostly Level 2 (220V) charging, but DC Fastchargers will be available in select areas.SPENDING AND FINANCIAL INCENTIVESNATIONAL // The federal government currently offers a tax credit of up to $7,500 for PEV purchases. STATE // Up to $750 forresidential charging installations. // Up to 35 percent tax credit for businesses installing charging stations. // Businesses are eligiblefor up to 35 percent of the incremental cost between an ICE vehicle and an EV in Oregon Business Energy Tax Credits (BETC).FLEET STRATEGYSTATE // Electrify 20 percent of vehicle fleet by 2030. // The Oregon Transportation Commission recently approved a program thatdesignates $4 million for Oregon businesses interested in replacing diesel trucks with electric.

EV CITY CASEBOOK // PORTLANDEV SPOTLIGHTELECTRIC AVENUE: A COLLABORATIVE EFFORTPortland General Electric, Portland State University, and theCity of Portland have committed to fostering sustainable urbanmobility by constructing “Electric Avenue” in the south end ofdowntown Portland. This project aims to showcase the interplay among electric vehicles,charging infrastructure, integrated transit, public greenway space, and urban design.All parking spaces on Electric Avenue are reserved for vehicles in the process of charging,with a single DC Quick Charger available for up to one hour and Level II charging stationsthat serve seven parking spaces.WEST COAST GREEN HIGHWAYBritish Columbia is working with Washington, Oregon, and California to build an EV corridorthat will stretch from Vancouver, B.C., to the Oregon-California border. The northern segmentwill be formed this year when a backbone of DC quick chargers becomes operational.TOYOTA PLUG-IN PRIUS PROJECTIn July 2010, Toyota placed 160 Prius Plug-in Hybrid vehicleswith program partners in the U.S. Ten of these vehicleswere issued to Portland State University to demonstrateplug-in hybrid technology, educate and inform the public, evaluate performance andbetter understand the technology’s benefits to future customers. // Over the next18 months, PSU assigned vehicles to over 40 citizens around Oregon for 60-day stintsto catalog experience, mileage efficiency, charging behavior, and to test the growingnumber of public EV charging stations in Oregon. These vehicles became available tothe buying public in 2012.A STATEWIDE EVSTRATEGY// The electric vehicle “movement”in Oregon has many participantsbut no single authority. In orderto coordinate efforts, the governorestablished the TransportationElectrification Executive Council,a body of executives from theprivate, public and nonprofit sectorsresponsible for establishing projectsand priorities to keep the electricvehicle agenda moving forward.// In order to meet the state’s goalsof: 1) a fleet that is 20 percent EVby 2030; 2) 30,000 EVs on the roadin Oregon by 2015; and 3) reducingvehicle miles travelled by 30 percent,Oregon is:■ Eliminating inspections for90 percent of stations throughOregon’s minor label permittingprogram.■ Educating drivers on availableincentives.■ Adopting consistent signage andstandards.■ Creating a program for garagefreedwellings.■ Integrating electrification in thetrucking industry.CONTACTGeorge BeardGBeard@pdx.eduMORE INFORMATIONpdx.edu/electricavenueevroadmap.com+1 503 772 0222All photos on this page provided by Portland General Electric.

EV CITY CASEBOOK // RESEARCH TRIANGLEPG_57RESEARCH TRIANGLENORTH CAROLINA, USAA NATIONAL LEADER IN PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES// The Research Triangle community in North Carolina,recognized as a national leader in plug-in electric vehicle (PEV)readiness, includes the major cities of Raleigh, Durham, Caryand Chapel Hill–all which have made great strides towardaccelerating consumer adoption of PEVs. From Raleigh’sComprehensive Plan, calling for the promotion of PEVs andcharging stations within the city’s fleet and for consumer use, toDurham’s adoption of an Electric Vehicle and Charging StationPlan, which establishes specific goals and implementationstrategies for PEV adoption, the Research Triangle area isconsidered one of the “hot spots” for PEVs. In fact, the ElectricPower Research Institute estimates this region will have morethan 18,500 cumulative PEV sales by 2020, more than otherparts of North Carolina and the U.S.// Advanced Energy and the Triangle J Council of Governmentsare currently developing the first Community-wide PEVReadiness Plan, funded by the U.S. Department of Energythrough the Centralina Council of Governments. This planfocuses on: 1) Economic development, including expansionof the PEV industry in the state; 2) environmental benefitsconsisting of reduced dependence on fossil fuels and improvedlocal air quality; and 3) Updating local policy to encourage,and not constrain, adoption of PEVs.

EV CITY CASEBOOK // RESEARCH TRIANGLEPG_58[ SNAPSHOT ] RESEARCH TRIANGLE= 100,000 peoplePOPULATION1,749,525REGION SIZE3,480 mi 2AVERAGE DAILY TRAVEL (MI)1 6 . 0TRANSPORTATION MIX *Bus 2%ELECTRICITY MIX **PassengerVehicle98%Driver 58%Carpool 40%Coal 55%Nuclear 31.7%Natural Gas 6.6%Hydro 3.7%Other Renewables 1.6%Other 0.5%[ COUNTRY CONTEXT ] UNITED STATES †ELECTRICITY MIX **Coal 42%Natural Gas 25%Nuclear 19%Renewable 13%Petroleum >1%*Source: Campo LRTP. **Source: EIA, 2012. ††Source: EIA, 2011. ††Source: hybridcars.com, sales since Dec. 2010.

EV CITY CASEBOOK //PG_59RESEARCH TRIANGLE©2012 GoogleINFRASTRUCTUREBetween November 2010 and December 2011, the City of Raleigh installed 29 Electric Vehicle charging stations; 18 public chargingstations and 11 fleet charging stations. The approximate cost of $303,272 was financed through grants from the American Recoveryand Reinvestment Act and Clean Fuel Alternative Transportation. There was a $125,000 city match included. // Residents can findthe locations of electric vehicle charging stations online at maps.raleighnc.gov/sustainableraleigh/index.html#defaultSPENDING AND FINANCIAL INCENTIVESNATIONAL // The federal government currently offers a tax credit of up to $7,500 for PEV purchases. STATE // Qualified EVsmay use high occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes, regardless of the number of passengers. // Electric vehicles are exempt from vehicleemissions inspection requirements. CITY // The City of Raleigh removed and reduced barriers to PEV adoption by addressingbuilding codes, electrical codes, and city ordinances related to uniform standards, signage, parking, and fees for charging.The city also streamlined the permitting and inspections process for EVSE installation.FLEET STRATEGYThe City of Durham has four PEVs for fleet operations, and Durham County plans to purchase up to two by 2013. Duke University,located in Durham, launched a WeCar vehicle sharing program in 2011 with four Chevy Volts available to Duke community members.The City of Raleigh converted several Toyota Prius fleet vehicles to allow for plug-in compatibility.

EV CITY CASEBOOK // RESEARCH TRIANGLEPG_60EV SPOTLIGHTNISSAN LEAF PILOT PROJECTThrough a grant from the North Carolina State Energy Office,Advanced Energy recruited 40 Triangle drivers to purchase aNissan Leaf and have their vehicle driving patterns tracked fortwo years. The data will help provide key insights into long-term trends in PEV driving habitsand charging patterns.PROJECT GET READY PARTICIPATIONRaleigh is one of three U.S. cities, and the only east coast city,to participate with the Rocky Mountain Institute Project GetReady (PGR) initiative to prepare for the national roll out ofplug-in and electric vehicles (PEVs). The City of Raleigh removed and reduced barriers toPEV adoption by addressing building codes, electrical codes, and city ordinances related touniform standards, signage, parking, and fees for charging. The City also streamlined thepermitting and inspections process for EVSE installation.SOLAR-POWERED CHARGING STATIONSThe City of Raleigh and Progress Energy Carolinas recentlyembarked on a two-year R&D project to evaluate solar-poweredEV charging stations. The project includes two chargingstations in Raleigh connected to a solar photovoltaic (PV) array and battery system. This jointinitiative has several goals: 1) test the ability to charge plug-in vehicles using solar energy andability to store power in an on-site battery; 2) analyze the effect of a solar-powered chargingstation on the electric grid; 3) evaluate EV battery performance; 4) compare performanceof two solar panel manufacturers side-by-side; and 5) monitor the influences of weather onsolar power production. PowerWorks Electric designed and installed the system. In additionto collecting data, the trial will provide citizens and visitors the opportunity to observe bothPEV DEPLOYMENTIN RALEIGH// The Research Triangle’s successin planning for PEVs is largely dueto the committed efforts of keystakeholders. Each major city in thearea has devoted significant staffresources and funding toward thepreparation for PEVs. AdvancedEnergy, a Raleigh-based nonprofitorganization, has served as acollaborative partner, supportingand guiding local governments toplan for and implement electrictransportation initiatives. Othermajor stakeholders include theTriangle J Council of GovernmentsClean Cities Coalition, the N.C. SolarCenter, and area electric utilitiesincluding Progress Energy andDuke Energy. The Research Trianglehas also received assistance fromnational organizations such as RMI’sProject Get Ready, which recognizedRaleigh and the Research Triangleas one of the founding “Get Ready”communities.// With the development of theTriangle’s Community PEVReadiness Plan in 2012, theTriangle’s municipalities andcounty governments will jointogether as regional stakeholders,with collaboration from the area’selectric utilities, key businesses,major universities and otherregional organizations.solar power and plug-in electric vehicles up close.CONTACTJeffrey BarghoutMORE INFORMATIONadvancedenergy.orgJBarghout@advancedenergy.orgAll photos on this page provided by Advanced Energy.

EV CITY CASEBOOK // ROTTERDAMROTTERDAMTHE NETHERLANDSROTTERDAM HAS THE AMBITION TO BE THE LEADING EV CITY// The Rotterdam Electric Program’s main goal is to create theright conditions to speed the introduction of EVs in Rotterdam,the third largest port city in the world. The goal is to reach 1,000EVs within five years and 200,000 EVs by 2025.// The Rotterdam Electric Program supports the first 1,000EV owners with an electric charging point. On private property,// The city center of Rotterdam will be the icon area for EVs,where air quality is a big issue and therefore there are moreopportunities for reductions to be achieved.// Innovation is also part of the Rotterdam Electric Program–continued development of EVs will be supported by Rotterdam,stimulating innovative initiatives and pilot projects.a charging point is partly subsided. Rotterdam is installingcharging points at strategic locations in the city center andpublic parking areas.

ROTTERDAMPG_62[ SNAPSHOT ] ROTTERDAM= 100,000 people = 100,000 vehiclesPOPULATION1,200,000REGISTERED VEHICLES211,305TRANSPORTATION MIX *PublicTransport16%Other 1%Walk32%612,502 in city1.2 million in Rotterdam regionCITY SIZEBike19%PassengerVehicle32%326 km 2AVERAGE DAILY TRAVEL (KM)2 0 . 0KM/YEAR (CARS & TRUCKS)3.5 billionCONGESTION ZONECommuters paid to shift driving tooff-peak hours.[ COUNTRY CONTEXT ] THE NETHERLANDSNATIONAL ELECTRICITY MIX **Natural Gas 61%Coal 23%Renewables 8%Nuclear 4%NATIONAL EV TARGET2015: 20,0002020: 200,0002025: 1 millionOther 4%EV & EVSE STATUSEV TODAY EV TOMORROW EVSE TODAY EVSE TOMORROW1,000 +within 5 yearscurrently 1,124 EVsin the Netherlands200,000 1001,000by 2025 by 2014* Cars, small trucks, heavy trucks, buses, motorbikes, scooters and 3-wheelers. Does not include (electric) bikes. **Source: IEA, 2009.

EV CITY CASEBOOK // ROTTERDAMPG_63ROTTERDAMINFRASTRUCTURECITY GOAL // The Rotterdam Sustainable Program targets 1,000 charging points by 2014. NATIONAL STRATEGY // A leading rolefor the private sector in roll out of charging infrastructure. // The national government creates preconditions and tackles bottlenecks.// Deployment of charging points on public and private land and centered in focus area.CURRENT CHARGING POINTS (NATIONALLY) NORMAL CHARGING POINTS FAST CHARGING POINTSPublic Land 1,250 14Semipublic Land 576Private Land 699TOTAL 2,525 14SPENDING AND FINANCIAL INCENTIVESCITY // 15 million for the coming four years. NATIONAL // There are several tax measures to stimulate electromobility and €9 millionis available up to 2015 to implement the national Action Plan, which contains a range of activities to stimulate electromobility in focusareas and viable market segments, strengthen international collaboration and partnerships, and to roll out communication, research andmonitoring. Besides this general economic policy, the national government offers opportunities to stimulate electromobility and aims toparticipate in European projects and welcomes opportunities for cooperation with other countries.FLEET STRATEGYRotterdam’s municipal fleet aims to be clean, a first mover, and to set an example for city inhabitantsand other cities. The investment so far has resulted in over 100 EVs/plug-in EVs. By 2014, at least25 percent (about 400 vehicles) of the fleet should consist of electric or hybrid vehicles.“Fleet Strategy” photo provided by the City of Rotterdam.

EV CITY CASEBOOK // ROTTERDAMPG_64EV SPOTLIGHTiHNR-EVThe iHNR-EV Centrum (New Electric Drive Transportation Hub) is an experience center in whichcompanies and consumers are able to test electric vehicles from multiple brands, enabling them toexperience driving electric and being more sustainable.EBUSZRotterdam is undertaking a two-year pilot with Ebusz (Electric City buses). The goal of this pilot is totest, demonstrate and extend the driving radius of the electric buses and evaluate their effects on society.ROTTERDAM TESTS ELECTRIC VEHICLESRotterdam Tests Electric Vehicles is a joint project of the City of Rotterdam, energy company Eneco, andgrid manager Stedin to pilot 75 EVs in Rotterdam with the partners testing and monitoring EVs in theirown fleets. The pilot is focused on energy efficiency, environmental impact, user experience and safety.FLEX TUK TUK COMES TO OVERSCHIEFlex Overschie is a new transportation concept that utilizes electric vehicles and involves solvingunemployment problems and providing a sustainable “last mile” solution.FREEDOM OF CHOICE WITH GREENWHEELSGreenwheels acquired 25 EVs and set up charging infrastructure for its fleet, providing its 20,000car-sharing customers the freedom to choose between electric and gas-powered vehicles.CONTACTAngelle Kong-ChangCt.Kong-Chang@rotterdam.nlMORE INFORMATIONrotterdam.nl/rotterdam_elektrischAll photos on this page provided by the City of Rotterdam.

EV CITY CASEBOOK // SHANGHAIPG_65SHANGHAI CHINAMAKING NEW ENERGY VEHICLE DEVELOPMENT A PRIORITY// Shanghai is committed to the development of new energyvehicles: plug-in hybrid, hydrogen fuel cell and electric vehicles.In 2006, Shanghai established the New Energy VehiclePromotion Office of Shanghai to facilitate the industrialization ofnew energy vehicles. In 2009, new energy vehicles were listed asone of the nine new high-technology industrialization projects inShanghai. In 2011, they were designated a strategic new industrywith priority policy and financial support.// Shanghai has been selected by the Chinese government as oneof the 25 pilot cities for energy-efficient and new energy vehicledemonstration and as one of the six pilot cities for subsidy ofprivate new energy vehicle purchase.// In July 2010, at the first Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM)held in Washington, D.C., the Electric Vehicle Initiative (EVI)France, Germany, Japan, Spain, Sweden, Denmark, South Africa,Portugal and the IEA. An important goal of this initiative is toestablish EV international pilot cities. In January 2011, Chinaappointed Shanghai as the EV pilot city in China and the Jiadingdistrict of Shanghai as the EV international demonstration zone.// The implementation plan of the Shanghai EV internationalpilot city is to: 1) spend three years building a demonstrationbase for exploring sustainable development of urbantransportation; 2) organize automotive enterprise clubs andcustomer clubs; 3) set up three international communicationplatforms (EV pilot city forum, EV exhibition and EVChampionship); and 4) construct four function centers(Commercial Mode Innovation Center, Demonstration EvaluationCenter, Operation Service Center and Test Drive/Ride Center).proposed by China and the U.S. received positive response from

EV CITY CASEBOOK // SHANGHAIPG_66[ SNAPSHOT ] SHANGHAIPOPULATION14,047,100Registered population23,026,600Resident populationCITY SIZE6,340.5 km 2REGISTERED VEHICLES1,702,500AVG. DAILY CAR TRAVEL (KM)3 9 . 0TRANSPORTATION MIX *E-Bike10%PassengerVehicle20%Bike10%Walk27%PublicTransport33%[ COUNTRY CONTEXT ] CHINAELECTRICITY MIX *CURRENT PLUG-IN/PURE EVs (through November 2011)Coal 71%Oil 19%Hydro 6%Natural Gas 3%Nuclear 1%Other Renewables 0.2%PLUG-IN HYBRIDBuses: 1,511Passenger Vehicles: 635(by 2015)500,000BATTERY EVBuses: 1,280Passenger Vehicles: 4,095Electric Bicycles: 130 million+EV & EVSE STATUSEV TODAY EV TOMORROW EVSE TODAY EVSE TOMORROW1,614 *30,000-50,00019 * by 201590% passenger/10% commercial96875,000Public Charging Poles*Source: Land Transport Authority, 2011. **Source: EIA, 2008.

EV CITY CASEBOOK // SHANGHAIPG_67©2012 Google, MapabcSHANGHAIINCENTIVESThe Chinese government provides national subsidies of 50,000 RMB for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and 60,000 RMB for pureelectric vehicles. In addition, the City of Shanghai offers 20,000 RMB and 40,000 RMB, respectively. Public service vehicles, suchas light duty commercial trucks and buses, also receive subsidies. // These incentives are part of a larger effort to encourage theadoption of electric vehicles. Besides Shanghai, the Chinese government provides national subsidies to five other cities, includingBeijing and Schenzhen. These demonstration cities also provide local subsidies of their own.CHARGING INFRASTRUCTUREShanghai will maintain a ratio of 1.2-1.5 charging stations for every electric vehicle. To create an ecosystem of public charging, theEV Zone has installed 81 AC slow-charging poles. Twenty of these stations have been installed as part of a “park and ride” trial at theterminal station of metro line 11. In addition, the city has sited 700 future charging locations and the petroleum company, SINOPEC,has completed a “refilling and charging” station with four DC fast charging and six AC slow charging poles.

SHANGHAIPG_68EV SPOTLIGHTTEST-DRIVE/RIDE CENTER OF CHINAOpened in May 2011, the Test Drive/Ride Center of China(Shanghai) EV International Pilot City is the core project ofShanghai EV International Pilot City and a non-profit serviceplatform integrating high quality EV test ride/drive service and EV vehicle and technologyexhibition and promotion. The center educates audiences about EV development, history andfuture trends, helps them understand the necessity of developing EVs, familiarizes them withrelevant technology and features, and promotes the environmental benefits of EVs. Since itCONSUMERPREFERENCEVisitors to the EV Test Drive/RideCenter were asked about theirinterests and preferences whenpurchasing an EV.CONSUMER PRIORITIESOtherMaintenanceCost4%11%opened, 21,000 people have visited the center and nearly 10,000 people have test-driven EVs.PROFESSIONAL DRIVING DEMONSTRATIONSWith vehicles provided by EV manufacturers, drivers will carryout year-long driving demonstrations on the roads of Shanghai,Price/Performance14%Safety22%ChargingConvenience49%allowing the manufacturers to conduct tests and evaluations onEVs, and to collect and evaluate data on use and charging habits. In January 2012, an allweatherdriving experience demonstration was conducted with Chevrolet Volt PHEVs. Volvoalso plans to send its E-C30 fleet to the EV International Pilot City for demonstration.FIXED ROUTE OPERATION DEMONSTRATIONSIn 2012, 33 electric buses will participate in a demonstrationoperation on specific routes in the Jiading internationaldemonstration zone.PRICE PREFERENCE0-10,000 RMB10-20,000 RMBEV/PHEV PREFERENCE50.79%45.55%45.3%30-40,000 RMB 2.4%> 40,000 RMB .2%52.1%SHANGHAI TZGEV EV MULTI-BRAND DEALERThe Shanghai TZGEV EV multi-brand dealership was establishedin Jiading EV international demonstration zone, next to theChina (Shanghai) EV Test Drive/Ride Center with investmentfrom its principal shareholder, TZGEV Ltd. Brands sold include SAIC, Chery, Zotye, Lifan andBYD. The TZGEV EV multi-brand dealership provides the most mature model of new energyvehicle sales in China, with its sales and maintenance service covering all of Shanghai. Fivebattery EVs and five ROEWE 750D hybrid vehicles were sold by the end of December 2011.CONTACT3.66%EV PHEV OTHERDing Xiaohuadingxiaohua@siac.sh.comMORE INFORMATIONevzonechina.com

STOCKHOLMPG_69STOCKHOLMSWEDENSEEKING TO BE FOSSIL FREE BY 2050// Stockholm consists of 14 islands connected by 54 bridgesand in 2010 was named the European Green Capital by theEuropean Commission. The city has strong conditions for EVuse: 1) an environmentally conscious population; 2) 90 percentof electricity is generated from hydro or nuclear sources;3) a high capacity electricity production system; 4) electricityprices are low, resulting in reduced EV driving costs; and5) 65 percent of households have access to engine block heatersand are already familiar with plugs in their vehicles.// In May 2011, the Stockholm City Council adopted anEV/PHEV strategy with the goal of becoming a leading EVcity and fossil free in the inner-city by 2030 and region-wideAdministration, the Stockholm Parking Company (municipalparking facilities), the Stockholm Traffic Authority (streetparking), and the Stockholm Planning and Building Authority(fast charging and aesthetics). The city encourages developmentof device regulations and standards, such as clearer indoorcharging regulations.// Stockholm has been testing the performance of a fleet of50 EVs throughout Sweden. The first evaluation shows thatthe EVs perform well and are recommended by 85 percent ofthe drivers. There are still some challenges remaining, suchas attitudes towards EVs, availability of fast charging units,the cost of EVs and the need for new business models.by 2050. This initiative is led by the Environment and Health

EV CITY CASEBOOK // STOCKHOLM[ SNAPSHOT ] STOCKHOLM= 100,000 people = 100,000 vehiclesPOPULATIONTRANSPORTATION MIX (TO CITY)TRANSPORTATION MIX (IN CITY)850,000Bike 2% Walk 2%PassengerVehicle8%Bike7%PassengerVehicle32%PublicTransport60%PublicTransport23%Walk62%REGISTERED VEHICLES280,000CITY SIZE (LAND ONLY)188 km 2AVG. DAILY CAR TRAVEL (KM)4 0 . 0CONGESTION ZONE[ COUNTRY CONTEXT ] SWEDENcongestion charging & environmentalzone for heavy vehiclesELECTRICITY MIX *Hydro 48%Nuclear 38%Biofuels 8%Wind 2%Other 4%NATIONAL EV TARGET2015: 6,000EV & EVSE STATUSEV TODAY EV TOMORROW EVSE TODAY EVSE TOMORROWUndetermined100 1,500 350by 2015*Source: IEA, 2009. Photo credit: Mosebacke Media.

EV CITY CASEBOOK //PG_71©2012 GoogleSTOCKHOLMNATIONAL INCENTIVESEV owners are exempt from vehicle tax for the first five years. // Reduced tax on company vehicles if they are electric.// Super Clean Car Premium: beginning January 2012, purchasers of EVs receive 40,000 SEK (€4,000) in state funding.EV/PHEV PROCUREMENTNATIONAL // On October 1, 2011, the City of Stockholm and Vattenfall coordinated a contract with six vehicle suppliers–with 296other organizations (municipalities, county councils and private companies) participating. A grant of €5,000 was made available forthe first 1,000 vehicles purchased through the procurement agreement. 850 cars and 400 trucks/vans will be purchased per year.// CITY The City of Stockholm is procuring approximately 20 EVs each year for its fleet and is encouraging more national incentives.STOCKHOLM’SCHARGING INFRASTRUCTUREOpened in September 2011, Stockholm’snewest parking garage Högalidsgaraget(near right) features 200 parking placesequipped with EV charging units.Photo credit (“Stockholm’s Charging Infrastructure,” left to right): Stockholm Parkering AB; Mosebacke Media.

EV CITY CASEBOOK //PG_72EV SPOTLIGHTCREATING A CHARGING INFRASTRUCTUREAs part of its goal to be fossil free by 2050, the Cityof Stockholm is developing an extensive EV charginginfrastructure:■ The map (right) illustrates 100 locations offering 140charging points for EVs: (52) 230V 16A, (80) 400V 16A,(6) 230V 10A.■ There are additional charging points located in neighboringtowns, such as Uppsala, Södertälje, and along major routessuch as the TEN-T Nordic Triangle (E4,E18,E20).■ There are countless engine block heaters, located in parkinggarages and private residences, which can be used to chargeelectric vehicles.■ New parking facilities are equipped with charging units.■ Private companies and electric utilities have shown greatinterest in vehicle electrification.■ To a large extent, private citizens purchase vehicles on thesecondhand market. As EVs enter into the car sharing clubs,there will be more EVs available to consumers.CONTACTEva SunnerstedtEva.Sunnerstedt@stockholm.seMORE INFORMATIONelbilsupphandling.sestockholm.se/miljobilarMap from uppladdning.nu.

EV CITY CASEBOOK //PG_73CONTRIBUTORSCOORDINATED BYRocky Mountain Institute (RMI) is an independent, entrepreneurial, nonprofit think-and-do tank.RMI emphasizes integrative design, advanced technologies, and mindful markets in fulfilling its missionto drive the efficient and restorative use of resources. RMI’s strategic focus is to map and drive the U.S.transition from fossil fuels to efficiency and renewables by 2050. RMI’s Project Get Ready works withcities and industry leaders to develop best practices for electric vehicle integration and adoption.With a network of over 25 cities and 40 strategic partners, this project seeks to identify challenges and opportunities for the seamlesstransition to vehicle electrification. To learn more, visit rmi.org.The Electric Vehicles Initiative (EVI) is one of eleven initiatives of the Clean Energy Ministerial, a highlevelmultilateral forum to promote policies and programs that advance clean energy technologies. EVIseeks to facilitate the global deployment of 20 million electric vehicles (EVs), including plug-in hybridelectric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles, by 2020. EVI will enable progress toward this goal by encouragingthe development of national deployment targets; launching pilot cities to promote EV demonstrationsin urban areas, and share experiences and lessons learned; sharing information on funding levels and research and developmentprograms to ensure that the most crucial global gaps in vehicle technology development are being addressed; exchanging informationon EV deployment targets, as well as best practices and policies, to enable progress toward those targets; and engaging private sectorstakeholders to focus on the benefits of public-private investments in technology innovation and EV procurement for fleets.To learn more, visit cleanenergyministerial.org.The 17 Contracting Parties to the International Energy Agency’s Implementing Agreement for Cooperationon Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Technologies and Programmes share the following objectives: 1) Providegovernments, local authorities, large users and industries with objective information on electric andhybrid vehicles, and their effects on energy efficiency and the environment; 2) Collaborate on pre-competitive research projects andinvestigate the need for further research in promising areas; 3) Collaborate with other transport-related Implementing Agreementsand other organizations with an interest in energy for transportation and vehicles; and 4) Serve as a platform for reliable informationon hybrid and electric vehicles. To learn more, visit ieahev.org.

EV CITY CASEBOOK // CONTRIBUTORSPG_74CONTRIBUTORSWITH SUPPORT FROMC40 is a network of large and engaged cities from around the world committed to implementing meaningful andsustainable climate-related policies and programs locally that will help address climate change globally. C40 worksin an integrated partnership with the Clinton Climate Initiative (CCI) Cities program, which was started by theWilliam J. Clinton Foundation. CCI Cities became the delivery partner of C40 in 2006. The closer alliance betweenthe two organizations --- announced in the spring of 2011 -- brings significant resources and infrastructure that will enhance andaccelerate their historic activities and positions the combined effort as one of the preeminent climate action organizations in the world.To learn more, visit c40.org.The International Energy Agency (IEA) is an autonomous organization which works to ensure reliable,affordable and clean energy for its 28 member countries and beyond. Founded in response to the1973/4 oil crisis, the IEA’s initial role was to help countries co-ordinate a collective response to majordisruptions in oil supply through the release of emergency oil stocks to the markets. While this continues to be a key aspect of its work,the IEA has evolved and expanded. It is at the heart of global dialogue on energy, providing authoritative and unbiased research,statistics, analysis and recommendations. To learn more, visit iea.org.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe EV City Casebook was made possible by the efforts of many contributors. The following individuals provided research, content,and guidance throughout the production of this publication.Charlie AllcockKatie DryePeter LindlahrEva SunnerstedtJeff BarghoutGu ZhaoningWesley van der LindenPaul TelleenGeorge BeardBen HollandMatsugaki MotohikoVivienne TersteegDavid BeetonBeth JinesMikko PihlatieMaruyama-TomohisaAnya BramichAri KahnSarah PottsTali TriggKatrin BrüningRoald KochJulian ProsserTom TurrentineLaia CarrerasAngelle Kong-ChangRamon PrunedaMounir WassefDesigned by Similar Blue, Boulder, CO | similarblue.com

EV CITY CASEBOOK // GLOSSARY OF TERMSPG_75GLOSSARY OF TERMSApplication Programming Interface (API): A set ofprotocols or formats used to enable communication betweensoftware components and an operating system. With regardto electric vehicles, APIs have been established for consumers,to remotely identify charging station locations.Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV): A pure electric vehiclepropelled by an electric motor powered by energy storedin an on-board battery.DC Fast Charging: Also known as “quick chargers,” DC chargingstations provide a direct current of electricity to the vehicle’sbattery from an external charger.Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE): Frequently usedin reference to an electric vehicle charger, EVSE includesthe connectors, conductors, fittings and other equipmentassociated with delivering power from the grid to the vehicle.Fuel Cell VEHICLE (FCV): A vehicle that runs on a fuel cellthat generates an electrical current by converting the chemicalenergy of a fuel, such as hydrogen, into electrical energy.Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV): A vehicle that combinesa conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) propulsionsystem with an electric propulsion system to achieveimprovements in fuel economy.Level 1 Charging: The most basic charging type, utilizinga standard household plug to deliver electricity at 120 volts AC.Charging will typically take between 8-12 hours at 1-2 kilowatts(kW) of peak demand.Level 2 Charging: Delivers electricity at 220 volts AC,Internal Combustion Engine (ICE): An engine in whichthe combustion of liquid fuel and air occur at high temperatureand pressure.Kilowatt: A unit of power equivalent to 1,000 watts, 1,000joules per second or about 1.34 horsepower.Kilowatt Hour: A unit of energy defined as the amount ofenergy released if work is done at a constant rate of 1 kW for1 hour. The unit is typically used by electricity company asthe key metric for billing their customers.Plug-in electric vehicle (PEV): A general term used to describe anycar that uses a rechargeable battery to power an electric motor.Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV): A hybrid electricvehicle with a high-capacity rechargeable battery that iscapable of using electricity as its primary propulsion source.The internal combustion engine typically assists in rechargingthe battery or serves as a back-up when the battery is depleted.Powered Two-Wheelers (PTW): Two-wheeled vehicles,such as scooters or motorcycles, that are powered by a liquidfuel or electricity.Transportation Mix: The modal share of travel patterns reportedwithin an urban area (expressed as share of trips or distancedepending on the city), which is based on the city mobilitysurvey methodology and may differ from one city to another.Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT): The number of milestraveled by a subset of vehicles for a period of one year.The term is often used to measure passenger vehicle usagein a specific city, state, or country.enabling the full charge of a typical electric vehicle batteryin 4-6 hours.