Chemistry Journal <strong>of</strong> Moldova. R. Sturza General, et al./Chem.J.Mold. Industrial and 2008, Ecological 3 (1), 77-84 Chemistry. 2008, 3 (1), 77-84INFLUENCE OF IODINATED OIL AND MARGARINE ON THE THYROIDSYSTEM OF RATSRodica A. Sturza a , Olga I. Deseatnicov a , Cristina M. Popovici a *, Valentin S. Gudumac b ,Ion Nastas baTechnical University <strong>of</strong> Moldova, 168 Stefan cel Mare bldv., MD 2004 Chisinau, Moldova, tel.: 23-86-45, fax: 31 – 91 – 76,E-mail : cristina_popovici@mail.mdbState Medical and Pharmaceutical University “Nicolae Testemitanu”, MoldovaAbstract: Iodine deficiency is the most prevalent micronutrient deficiency in the world today. Food fortificationis an important compliment to food-based approaches, and iodine fortification <strong>of</strong> foods as one <strong>of</strong> the strategies forthe control <strong>of</strong> iodine deficiency. Manufacturing and consumption <strong>of</strong> sunflower oil fortified with iodine as well asderivative products on it basis is a perspective direction for elimination <strong>of</strong> alimentary dependent iodine deficiencydisorders. The present work examines morphological changes in the thyroid system <strong>of</strong> rats at the experimentalmercatholile-induced hypothyroidism. As well it determines the influence <strong>of</strong> iodinated oil and margarine on thethyroid system <strong>of</strong> rats. It specifies the safe value <strong>of</strong> iodinated oil and margarine for rats. In-vivo study demonstratedthe efficacy <strong>of</strong> fortification <strong>of</strong> lipid products with iodine under iodine deficiency status.Key words: Iodine deficiency, food fortification, sunflower oil, margarine, in vivo study.IntroductionThe problem <strong>of</strong> iodine deficiency (ID) is one <strong>of</strong> the main problems <strong>of</strong> the world society, including RepublicMoldova [1]. ID affects all population at all stages <strong>of</strong> life, from the intrauterine stage to old age [2, 3].The environment <strong>of</strong> Republic Moldova is characterized by a reduced values <strong>of</strong> the iodine content: 4,5-5,3mg/kgsoil, 40mg/l water and 0,03-0,22mg/kg <strong>of</strong> vegetation, on a dry content <strong>of</strong> substances. Approximate 85% <strong>of</strong> populations<strong>of</strong> Moldova live in iodine deficient regions [4].Researches performed by WHO and UNICEF in the Republic <strong>of</strong> Moldova have demonstrated a 37% prevalence<strong>of</strong> endemic goiter among children and teenagers [ 5].In order to eliminate the iodine deficiency disorders, the Government Decision nr. 585 “Decision regarding theapproving <strong>of</strong> national system <strong>of</strong> eradication <strong>of</strong> disorders caused by iodine defi cit till the 2010” was approved on 1 June2007 as a way <strong>of</strong> addressing the problem <strong>of</strong> iodine deficiency disorders and was adopted as Law. It provides instructionsfor the fortification <strong>of</strong> foodstuffs with nutrients that have insufficient values in local region [6].The most appropriate way <strong>of</strong> fighting the iodine deficiency is to produce foodstuff for functional purposes whichcontain stable forms <strong>of</strong> iodine [7].Sunflower oil takes up the biggest specific weight among edible fats used in nutrition in the Republic Moldova.Iodine administration in products with a lipid origine represents a remarkable interest. First, this would allow the easyincorporation <strong>of</strong> the iodine in the food fatty products. Secondly, the daily intake <strong>of</strong> lipids being limited, would alowan easy regulation <strong>of</strong> the iodine consumption, this being complementary with that from the iodinated salt and otherproducts.The aim <strong>of</strong> the research consisted <strong>of</strong> examination <strong>of</strong> metabolic displacement in the organism <strong>of</strong> animals andcorrection <strong>of</strong> experimental and spontaneous thyroid pathology by means <strong>of</strong> iodinated food products (sunflower oil,margarine).Results and discussionThe level <strong>of</strong> thyroid hormones <strong>of</strong> rats during the examination <strong>of</strong> iodinated sunfl ower oil and margarine.For getting <strong>of</strong> the model <strong>of</strong> artificial hypothyroidism mercazolile was used for blocking the thyroid glandfunction. Peroxidase catalyzes the oxidation reactions. It is known that the activity <strong>of</strong> oxidation ferments decreases onhypothyroidism and increases on hyperthyroid states [8].Mercazolile depresses the ferment activity <strong>of</strong> iodineperoxidase – the ferment which provides the iodination <strong>of</strong> – thyroxine. It provokes hypothyroidism because iodine an obligatory ingredient <strong>of</strong> thyroxine [9].Biological activity <strong>of</strong> examined iodinated products was evaluated according to indexes that reflect the functionalstate <strong>of</strong> animals’ thyroid gland. Pursuing this aim, the level <strong>of</strong> thyroid gland hormones such as total Triiodothyronine(T 3), Thyroxine (T 4) in the experimental rats’ blood serum was determined. The condition <strong>of</strong> the hypophysial-thyroidsystem was evaluated according to the content <strong>of</strong> serum Thryroid-stimulating hormone (TSH, Thyrotropin) [10-13].Received data reflected in the Table 1.77
R. Sturza et al./Chem.J.Mold. 2008, 3 (1), 77-84Group <strong>of</strong> ratsContent <strong>of</strong> thyroid hormones in the rats’ serumTotal Triiodothyroninehormone (T 3)Thyroxine hormone (T 4)Thyroid-stimulatinghormone (TSH,thyrotropin)Table 1ng/dl nmol/l muI/lI 92,65±19,12 114.1±16.49 0.894±0.032II 84,65±14,54 93.1±14.54 1.272±0.037III 89,94±18,52 95.81±19.53 0.966±0.025IV 90,26±13,39 107.42±15.02 0.856±0.099V 91,15±16,76 119.37±14.43 0.814±0.034VI 73,00±19,94 92.83±14.48 1,257±0.027Data regarding blood serum immune-enzyme analysis witnesses the decrease <strong>of</strong> thyroid gland functionalactivity in rats that were in the condition <strong>of</strong> experimental hypothyroidism (II and III group). Introduction <strong>of</strong> mercasolilecalled experimental hypothyroidism condition that was accompanied by morphological functional displacement inthe thyroid system, expressed in T 4level decrease and TSH concentration increase in the controlled group (group I)(Figure 1).nmol/l120100806040200I II IIIT3 92,65 84,65 89,94T4 114,1 93,1 95,81groups <strong>of</strong> rats1,31,10,90,70,50,30,1-0,1I II IIITSH 0,894 1,272 0,966Fig. 1. Content <strong>of</strong> thyroid harmonious in the serum <strong>of</strong> rats belonging to I, II, III groupsThus, T 4concentration in the hypothyroid rats serum (IInd group) decreased and become 93.1±14.54 nmol/l,in the IIIrd group – 95,81±19.53 nmol/l against 114.1±16.49 nmol/l <strong>of</strong> the controlled group. At the same timehypothyroidism contributes to the increase <strong>of</strong> thyrotrophic hormone (TSH) with 0.894±0.032 mul/l (controlledgroup) till 1.272±0.037 mul/l (IInd group) and 0.966±0.025 mul/l (IIIrd group).Thereby, experimental rats, introduced in the condition <strong>of</strong> mercasolile hypothyroidism, show expresseddestructive-degenerative processes in the thyroid glands in comparison with the control group. In the thyroid grandthe lack <strong>of</strong> colloid in follicles is the result <strong>of</strong> termination <strong>of</strong> thyreoglobulin thyrocotis synthesis.All thyroxine (T4) and some triiodothyronine (T3) are produced by the thyroid gland, and their productionthere is stimulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH, thyrotropin), a product <strong>of</strong> the anterior pituitary gland.Some T4 is converted to T3 in other tissues, including the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus. T3 inhibits pituitarysecretion <strong>of</strong> TSH, and hypothalamic secretion <strong>of</strong> thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), which stimulates TSHsecretion. The interplay between T3 and TSH maintains thyroid hormone production within a narrow range.78
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