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Chemistry Journal <strong>of</strong> Moldova. V. Mukhin General, et al./Chem.J.Mold. Industrial and 2008, Ecological 3 (1), 62-66 Chemistry. 2008, 3 (1), 62-66THE ROLE OF ACTIVATED CARBON IN SOLVING ECOLOGICALPROBLEMSV. M. Mukhin a , T. G. Lupascu baOJSC “NPO “Neorganika”, Electrostal, Moscow region.bInstitute <strong>of</strong> Chemistry <strong>of</strong> the Academy <strong>of</strong> Sciences <strong>of</strong> MoldovaAbstract: The authors present a brief analysis <strong>of</strong> the current global situation concerning the utilization <strong>of</strong> activatedcarbon in various fields. The article presents data concerning the synthesis and adsorption and structure properties <strong>of</strong>new activated carbons, used for solving ecological problems. The authors investigated the newly obtained activatedcarbons in comparison with several AC marks known in the world. It has been shown that currently synthesized ACare competitive with foreign marks.Keywords: activated carbon, precious metals, environment.The end <strong>of</strong> the so-called era <strong>of</strong> “cold war” was called forth significantly by the fact that the fear <strong>of</strong> an ecologicalbomb detonating overwhelmed the hearts <strong>of</strong> people. The sudden increase <strong>of</strong> the rate <strong>of</strong> environmental pollution beganto bring such harm to mankind that it could be compared with the use <strong>of</strong> WMD including chemical weaponry.According to the information provided by the WHO (2002) the state <strong>of</strong> health <strong>of</strong> an individual depends on: 51%<strong>of</strong> the way <strong>of</strong> life, 39% <strong>of</strong> the environment, and 10% <strong>of</strong> the quality <strong>of</strong> medical treatment.The analysis initiated in 1945 showed that casualties <strong>of</strong> military conflicts during the period from 1945 till 1993came to 23 million people <strong>of</strong> military personnel AND civilians. In the mean time, during the same period, approximately150 million people became victims <strong>of</strong> malaria, tuberculosis, AIDS, and other diseases. This shows how vital a cleanenvironment is, an environment where contagious diseases have no ability to spread.Therefore, in the twenty first century mankind has entered a new age – age <strong>of</strong> environmental protection, wherethe key role in purification <strong>of</strong> industrial discharges is assigned to carbon-adsorbing technologies.On the other hand, activated carbons allow us to perform a variety <strong>of</strong> tasks in industries, power engineering,agriculture, oil and gas refinement, etc.At present, fields <strong>of</strong> application <strong>of</strong> adsorption technologies based on activated carbons (AC for short) aredeveloping at a great pace. This is due to three main reasons: firstly, activated carbons allow solving the most burningissues <strong>of</strong> protecting the environment against industrial discharges, secondly - preserve high cleanness <strong>of</strong> substances,materials, and products, and thirdly - contribute to implementation <strong>of</strong> high technologies <strong>of</strong> production.Ecological activated carbon utilizing technologies <strong>of</strong> global importanceComponent <strong>of</strong> biosphereCarbon-adsorption technologyAtmosphereRecuperation <strong>of</strong> solventsPurification <strong>of</strong> gases <strong>of</strong> combustion, including desulfurizationGas fumes trappingChemical weaponry disposalIncoming air cleaning (air conditioning) [1,2]Hydrosphere Drinking water purification [3,4]Sewage sterilizationLiquid radioactive waste processingGold and non-ferrous metals miningLithosphereProtection <strong>of</strong> soil from xenobiotics, i.e. pesticidesSoil remediationZones <strong>of</strong> sanitary protection <strong>of</strong> water sourcesHumanEcologically clean food productionPharmaceutical productionProduction <strong>of</strong> antibiotics, vitamins, remediesEntero-sorption and hemo-sorption [5,6]Table 1In the USSR during the most favourable 1985-88 years 38k tons <strong>of</strong> AC were produced each year, comprising85% coal based AC (AG and AR types), 2% peat based AC (SKT type), and 13% wood based AC (BAU type).62
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