MetaFun - Pragma ADE

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64 Sometimes it's handy to temporarily set aside the current picture. draw fullcircle scaled 1cm withpen pencircle scaled 1mm withcolor .625red ; currentpicture := currentpicture slanted .5 ; pushcurrentpicture ; draw fullcircle scaled 1cm withpen pencircle scaled 1mm withcolor .625yellow ; currentpicture := currentpicture slanted -.5 ; popcurrentpicture ; These are METAFUN commands but METAPOST itself comes with a variant, image, and you explicitly have to draw this picture (or otherwise add it to the currentpicture). draw fullcircle scaled 1cm withpen pencircle scaled 1mm withcolor .625red ; currentpicture := currentpicture slanted .5 ; draw image ( draw fullcircle scaled 1cm withpen pencircle scaled 1mm withcolor .625yellow ; currentpicture := currentpicture slanted -.5 ; ) ; Each graphic starts fresh with an empty current picture. In METAFUN we make sure that we also reset some otherwise global variables, like color, pen and some line properties. Welcome to MetaPost Current picture
2 A few more details In this chapter we will see how to define a METAPOST graphic, and how to include it in a document. Since the exact dimensions of graphics play an important role in the placement of a graphic, we will explore the way a bounding box is constructed. We will also pay attention to the usage of units and the side effects of scaling and shifting, since they can contradict our expectations in unexpected ways. Furthermore we will explore a few obscure areas. 2.1 Making graphics In this manual we will use METAPOST in a rather straightforward way, and we will try to avoid complicated math as much as possible. We will do a bit of drawing, clipping, and moving around. Occasionally we will see some more complicated manipulations. When defined as stand--alone graphic, a METAPOST file looks like this: % Let's draw a circle. beginfig (7) ; draw fullcircle scaled 3cm withpen pencircle scaled 1cm ; endfig ; end . The main structuring components in such a file are the beginfig and endfig macros. Like in a big story, the file has many sub--sentences, where each sub--sentence ends with a semi--colon. Although the end command at the end of the file concludes the story, putting a period there is a finishing touch. Actually, after the end command you can put whatever text you wish, your comments, your grocery list, whatever. Comments in METAPOST, prefixed by a percent sign, as in % Let's draw a circle, are ignored by the interpreter, but useful reminders for the programmer. If the file is saved as yourfile.mp, then the file is processed by METAPOST by issuing the following command: mpost yourfile after which you will have a graphic called yourfile.7, which contains a series of POSTSCRIPT commands. Because METAPOST does all the work, this file is efficient and compact. The number of distinct POSTSCRIPT operators used is limited, which has the advantage that we can postprocess this file rather easily. Alternatively METAPOST can generate SVG output. It does when you say outputformat := "svg" ; Here we will not go into details about this format. Even POSTSCRIPT is not covered in detail as we use METAPOST mostly in embedded form. Making graphics A few more details 65
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Hans Hagen metafun context mkiv
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Introduction This document is about
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Content Conventions . . . . . . . .
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1 Conventions When reading this man
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1 Welcome to MetaPost 1.1 Paths 2 I
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The open path is defined as: (1cm,1
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1.2 Transformations We can store a
Page 17 and 18: (x,y) zscaled (u,v) (xu − yv,xv +
Page 19 and 20: z0 = (0.5cm,1.5cm) ; z1 = (2.5cm,2.
Page 21 and 22: 4 0 1 3 2 "z0..z1..z2..z3..z0" Only
Page 23 and 24: 0 1 3 2 "z0..z1..z2--z3" Watch how
Page 25 and 26: 0 1 0 2 2 1 "(z0..z1..z2..z3) cutaf
Page 27 and 28: 2 0 1 Using ( ) is not mandatory bu
Page 29 and 30: 0 4 1 3 2 0 These two graphics were
Page 31 and 32: Since we don't consider this unfill
Page 33 and 34: First there is the concept of varia
Page 35 and 36: 1.8 Loops Yet another programming c
Page 37 and 38: If in the definition of doublescale
Page 39 and 40: test (a) (b) (c) (d) ; test (a,b) (
Page 41 and 42: If you forget about the colors, the
Page 43 and 44: linejoin=mitered linecap=butt linej
Page 45 and 46: 1.15 Text Most dashpatterns can be
Page 47 and 48: Z13 Z24 Z14 Z1 Z12 Z2 Z21 Z23 Z11 Z
Page 49 and 50: 3 Because we want to call this macr
Page 51 and 52: dotlabel.rt ("$Z_{3}$", z3) ; dotla
Page 53 and 54: A different approach is to use a tw
Page 55 and 56: The graphic extends beyond the boun
Page 57 and 58: p := (p shifted (5cm,0)) randomized
Page 59 and 60: path p ; p := (0,0) -- (2cm,3cm) ;
Page 61 and 62: path p ; p := (0cm,0cm) -- (4cm,1cm
Page 63 and 64: Here, the image macro creates an (a
Page 65 and 66: So, in addition to on to specify a
Page 67: Watch how we can pass a point (poin
Page 71 and 72: The second line does just as it say
Page 73 and 74: fill shape ; draw shape ; filldraw
Page 75 and 76: 2.3 Units 6 As you can see here, as
Page 77 and 78: 2.4 Scaling and shifting When we dr
Page 79 and 80: Especially when a path results from
Page 81 and 82: points first order curve second ord
Page 83 and 84: first iteration second iteration th
Page 85 and 86: and get: We don't even need that mu
Page 87 and 88: Figure 2.3 Circles with minimized i
Page 89 and 90: The tension specifier can be used t
Page 91 and 92: The asymetrical tensions are less p
Page 93 and 94: z0 .. z1 .. z2 z0 {curl 1} .. z1 ..
Page 95 and 96: 7 In literature concerning POSTSCRI
Page 97 and 98: currentpicture := currentpicture sl
Page 99 and 100: We can achieve this by defining poi
Page 101 and 102: We're still not there. Like in a pr
Page 103 and 104: Due to the thicker line width used
Page 105 and 106: left up down right The previous def
Page 107 and 108: Here the & glues strings together,
Page 109 and 110: picture p ; p := "MetaFun" normalin
Page 111 and 112: pickup pencircle scaled 2pt ; draw
Page 113 and 114: Because the z--variables are used f
Page 115 and 116: 3 Embedded graphics In addition to
Page 117 and 118: \startMPcode fill fullcircle scaled
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\startuniqueMPgraphic{right or wron
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{\externalfigure[mprun:extrafun::my
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\startlinecorrection[blank] \proces
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In order to prevent problems, we ad
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There are a few more low level swit
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When we convert color to gray, we u
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4 Enhancing the layout One of the m
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4.2 Overlay variables [offset=3pt,f
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This background demonstrates that a
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As you may know, TEX's ambassador i
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This works as expected: \RotatedTex
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We will now apply this knowledge of
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p := p shifted (2o,OverlayHeight-yp
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We demonstrated that when defining
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5 Positional graphics In this chapt
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5.2 Anchors and layers In a previou
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pab := pab cutafter (pab intersecti
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fill p withcolor \MPcolor{lightgray
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The previous example also demonstra
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\setMPlayer [test] [somepos-1] [loc
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6 Page backgrounds Especially in in
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As soon as you want to make an elec
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do_it (1,4,false) ; do_it (5,4,fals
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gigigi Watch how the bounding boxes
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You can test this concept yourself
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StartPage ; fill Area[Text][Text] s
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fi ; Main := Main enlarged 6pt ; pi
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ulcorner Field[Text] [Text] -urcorn
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The left picture demonstrates what
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There are two more operators: inner
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7 Shapes, symbols and buttons One c
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Table 7.1 demonstrates how scratch
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for i := 1 upto \MPvar{n} : xpos :=
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This table is defined as: \bTABLE[f
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Since we have collected some nice b
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8 Special effects Sometimes we want
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Because of this implementation, sha
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test_shade(origin shifted (.25cm,0)
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fill p shifted (3cm,0) withcolor .5
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\definecolor [tred] [r=1,t=.5,a=exc
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Figure 8.4 Another clipped cow. \pl
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withpen pencircle scaled 4mm withco
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Because this graphic is the result
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The resulting PDF file can be inclu
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Including another METAPOST graphic,
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After these examples your are proba
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In this graphic, we have two text f
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} {}} Here we feed some MATHML int
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9 Functions METAPOST provides a wid
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9.2 Grids Some day you may want to
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13 13 13 13 Figure 9.1 Quick and di
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2 − ×10 1 − 1 0×100 Figure 9.
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Figure 9.3 By using transparent col
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There are enough applications out t
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Of course we could extend this LUA
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10 Typesetting in METAPOST It is sa
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Meta is a female lion! Figure 10.2
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We use the low level CONTEXT macro
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So, now we have: M etaPostisFun! Wh
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n := n + 1 ; len[n] := \the\wd\MPbo
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ap := point at of RotPath ; ad := d
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\startoverlay {\startuseMPgraphic{f
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\startuseMPgraphic{text draw} draw
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vsize := ypart urcorner p - ypart l
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We are now ready for an attempt to
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We can manipulate the heigth and de
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\strutheight) ; % height of first l
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w := h := 6cm ; o := 6pt ; path p ;
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Donald Knuth has spent the past sev
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Donald Knuth has spent the past sev
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11 Debugging Those familiar with CO
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4 3 5 2 6 1 0 7 8 You can pass opti
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3 4 0 2 1 Of course you may want to
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12 Defining styles Since the integr
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color=gray, contrastcolor=gray, sty
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def right_menu_button (expr nn, rr,
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\Topic {Edward R. Tufte} \input tuf
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A Few Nice Quotes A Simple Style De
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13 A few applications For those who
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vardef spring (expr a, b, w, h, n)
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There is a numeric constant labelof
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text text text text text text text
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p := fullcircle scaled (2*length(lo
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These definitions of anglebetween a
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Because in most cases we want the l
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γ δ β ɛ α ζ δ γ β ɛ metho
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There are for sure more (efficient)
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The next circle that we draw shows
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popcurrentpicture ; enddef ; Here,
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draw (u,i) -- (2u,i) withcolor .5wh
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Figure 13.4 Koffka's examples of ma
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\startbuffer[a] def start_everythin
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pointC := circleA intersectionpoint
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draw_basics ; draw_circles ; draw_i
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Figure 13.6 Bisecting a line segmen
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z1 = (0, height/2) ; z2 = (width/2-
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The clipping path is applied by say
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13.8 Music sheets The next example
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The euro symbol A few applications
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draw i withpen pencircle scaled 1pt
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16 draw b withpen pencircle scaled
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\startMPcode \includeMPgraphic{gamb
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14 METAFUN macros CONTEXT comes wit
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A METAPOST syntax In the METAFONT b
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〈number or fraction〉 → 〈num
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〈suffix〉 → 〈empty〉 | 〈s
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〈assignment〉 → 〈variable〉
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〈command〉 → clip 〈picture v
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〈if test〉 → if 〈boolean exp
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B This document This document is pr
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C Reference C.1 Paths In this chapt
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tension atleast numeric (0,0)..(.75
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angle origin--dir(angle(1,1)) metap
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circle bcircle metafun variable lci
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path randomized numeric/pair unitsq
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path stretched numeric/pair (fullci
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path zscaled pair fullcircle zscale
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path llenlarged numeric fullcircle
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path urmoved numeric fullcircle urm
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everse path reverse fullcircle shif
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oundingbox path boundingbox fullcir
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C.3 Points top pair top center full
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C.4 Attributes withcolor rgbcolor w
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draw draw fullcircle metapost macro
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ounded linecap := rounded metapost
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label.top label.top("MetaFun",origi
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D Literature There is undoubtly mor
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Index a anchoring 143, 145 angles 2
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This document introduces you in the
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