MetaFun - Pragma ADE

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2 Introduction and therefore to CONTEXT MKII as well. Maybe some of the solutions presented here can be done easier in (future) versions of MKIV, but it does not hurt to see the more general variants. Hans Hagen, Hasselt NL, October 8, 2010
Content Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1 Welcome to MetaPost . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.1 Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.2 Transformations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.3 Constructing paths . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1.4 Angles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 1.5 Drawing pictures . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 1.6 Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 1.7 Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 1.8 Loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 1.9 Macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 1.10 Arguments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 1.11 Pens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 1.12 Joining lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 1.13 Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 1.14 Dashes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 1.15 Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 1.16 Linear equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 1.17 Clipping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 1.18 Some extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 1.19 Cutting and pasting . . . . . . . . . . . 60 1.20 Current picture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 2 A few more details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 2.1 Making graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 2.2 Bounding boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 2.3 Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 2.4 Scaling and shifting . . . . . . . . . . . 73 2.5 Curve construction . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 2.6 Inflection, tension and curl . . . . . 81 2.7 Transformations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 2.8 Only this far . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 2.9 Directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 2.10 Analyzing pictures . . . . . . . . . . . 101 2.11 Pitfalls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 2.12 TEX versus METAPOST . . . . . . . 109 2.13 Internals and Interims . . . . . . . . 110 3 Embedded graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 3.1 Getting started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 3.2 External graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 3.3 Integrated graphics . . . . . . . . . . 112 3.4 Using METAFUN but not CONTEXT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 3.5 Graphic buffers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 3.6 Communicating color . . . . . . . . 119 3.7 Common definitions . . . . . . . . . 122 3.8 One page graphics . . . . . . . . . . . 123 3.9 Managing resources . . . . . . . . . . 124 4 Enhancing the layout . . . . . . . . . . . 127 4.1 Overlays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 4.2 Overlay variables . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 4.3 Stacking overlays . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 4.4 Foregrounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 4.5 Typesetting graphics . . . . . . . . . 131 4.6 Graphics and macros . . . . . . . . . 133 5 Positional graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 5.1 The concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 5.2 Anchors and layers . . . . . . . . . . 145 5.3 More layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 5.4 Complex text in graphics . . . . . 152 6 Page backgrounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 6.1 The basic layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 6.2 Setting up backgrounds . . . . . . 160 6.3 Multiple overlays . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 6.4 Crossing borders . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 6.5 Bleeding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 7 Shapes, symbols and buttons . . . . 175 7.1 Interfacing to TEX . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 7.2 Random graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 7.3 Graphic variables . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 7.4 Shape libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 7.5 Symbol collections . . . . . . . . . . . 182 8 Special effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 8.1 Shading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 8.2 Transparency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 8.3 Clipping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 8.4 Including graphics . . . . . . . . . . . 198 8.5 Changing colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 8.6 Outline fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 3 Content
Page 1: Hans Hagen metafun context mkiv
Page 5: Introduction This document is about
Page 9 and 10: 1 Conventions When reading this man
Page 11 and 12: 1 Welcome to MetaPost 1.1 Paths 2 I
Page 13 and 14: The open path is defined as: (1cm,1
Page 15 and 16: 1.2 Transformations We can store a
Page 17 and 18: (x,y) zscaled (u,v) (xu − yv,xv +
Page 19 and 20: z0 = (0.5cm,1.5cm) ; z1 = (2.5cm,2.
Page 21 and 22: 4 0 1 3 2 "z0..z1..z2..z3..z0" Only
Page 23 and 24: 0 1 3 2 "z0..z1..z2--z3" Watch how
Page 25 and 26: 0 1 0 2 2 1 "(z0..z1..z2..z3) cutaf
Page 27 and 28: 2 0 1 Using ( ) is not mandatory bu
Page 29 and 30: 0 4 1 3 2 0 These two graphics were
Page 31 and 32: Since we don't consider this unfill
Page 33 and 34: First there is the concept of varia
Page 35 and 36: 1.8 Loops Yet another programming c
Page 37 and 38: If in the definition of doublescale
Page 39 and 40: test (a) (b) (c) (d) ; test (a,b) (
Page 41 and 42: If you forget about the colors, the
Page 43 and 44: linejoin=mitered linecap=butt linej
Page 45 and 46: 1.15 Text Most dashpatterns can be
Page 47 and 48: Z13 Z24 Z14 Z1 Z12 Z2 Z21 Z23 Z11 Z
Page 49 and 50: 3 Because we want to call this macr
Page 51 and 52: dotlabel.rt ("$Z_{3}$", z3) ; dotla
Page 53 and 54: A different approach is to use a tw
Page 55 and 56: The graphic extends beyond the boun
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p := (p shifted (5cm,0)) randomized
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path p ; p := (0,0) -- (2cm,3cm) ;
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path p ; p := (0cm,0cm) -- (4cm,1cm
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Here, the image macro creates an (a
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So, in addition to on to specify a
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Watch how we can pass a point (poin
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2 A few more details In this chapte
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The second line does just as it say
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fill shape ; draw shape ; filldraw
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2.3 Units 6 As you can see here, as
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2.4 Scaling and shifting When we dr
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Especially when a path results from
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points first order curve second ord
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first iteration second iteration th
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and get: We don't even need that mu
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Figure 2.3 Circles with minimized i
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The tension specifier can be used t
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The asymetrical tensions are less p
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z0 .. z1 .. z2 z0 {curl 1} .. z1 ..
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7 In literature concerning POSTSCRI
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currentpicture := currentpicture sl
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We can achieve this by defining poi
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We're still not there. Like in a pr
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Due to the thicker line width used
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left up down right The previous def
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Here the & glues strings together,
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picture p ; p := "MetaFun" normalin
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pickup pencircle scaled 2pt ; draw
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Because the z--variables are used f
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3 Embedded graphics In addition to
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\startMPcode fill fullcircle scaled
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\startuniqueMPgraphic{right or wron
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{\externalfigure[mprun:extrafun::my
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\startlinecorrection[blank] \proces
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In order to prevent problems, we ad
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There are a few more low level swit
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When we convert color to gray, we u
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4 Enhancing the layout One of the m
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4.2 Overlay variables [offset=3pt,f
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This background demonstrates that a
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As you may know, TEX's ambassador i
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This works as expected: \RotatedTex
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We will now apply this knowledge of
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p := p shifted (2o,OverlayHeight-yp
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We demonstrated that when defining
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5 Positional graphics In this chapt
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5.2 Anchors and layers In a previou
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pab := pab cutafter (pab intersecti
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fill p withcolor \MPcolor{lightgray
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The previous example also demonstra
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\setMPlayer [test] [somepos-1] [loc
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6 Page backgrounds Especially in in
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As soon as you want to make an elec
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do_it (1,4,false) ; do_it (5,4,fals
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gigigi Watch how the bounding boxes
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You can test this concept yourself
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StartPage ; fill Area[Text][Text] s
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fi ; Main := Main enlarged 6pt ; pi
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ulcorner Field[Text] [Text] -urcorn
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The left picture demonstrates what
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There are two more operators: inner
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7 Shapes, symbols and buttons One c
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Table 7.1 demonstrates how scratch
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for i := 1 upto \MPvar{n} : xpos :=
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This table is defined as: \bTABLE[f
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Since we have collected some nice b
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8 Special effects Sometimes we want
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Because of this implementation, sha
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test_shade(origin shifted (.25cm,0)
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fill p shifted (3cm,0) withcolor .5
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\definecolor [tred] [r=1,t=.5,a=exc
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Figure 8.4 Another clipped cow. \pl
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withpen pencircle scaled 4mm withco
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Because this graphic is the result
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The resulting PDF file can be inclu
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Including another METAPOST graphic,
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After these examples your are proba
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In this graphic, we have two text f
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} {}} Here we feed some MATHML int
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9 Functions METAPOST provides a wid
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9.2 Grids Some day you may want to
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13 13 13 13 Figure 9.1 Quick and di
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2 − ×10 1 − 1 0×100 Figure 9.
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Figure 9.3 By using transparent col
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There are enough applications out t
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Of course we could extend this LUA
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10 Typesetting in METAPOST It is sa
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Meta is a female lion! Figure 10.2
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We use the low level CONTEXT macro
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So, now we have: M etaPostisFun! Wh
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n := n + 1 ; len[n] := \the\wd\MPbo
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ap := point at of RotPath ; ad := d
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\startoverlay {\startuseMPgraphic{f
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\startuseMPgraphic{text draw} draw
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vsize := ypart urcorner p - ypart l
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We are now ready for an attempt to
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We can manipulate the heigth and de
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\strutheight) ; % height of first l
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w := h := 6cm ; o := 6pt ; path p ;
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Donald Knuth has spent the past sev
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Donald Knuth has spent the past sev
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11 Debugging Those familiar with CO
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4 3 5 2 6 1 0 7 8 You can pass opti
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3 4 0 2 1 Of course you may want to
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12 Defining styles Since the integr
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color=gray, contrastcolor=gray, sty
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def right_menu_button (expr nn, rr,
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\Topic {Edward R. Tufte} \input tuf
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A Few Nice Quotes A Simple Style De
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13 A few applications For those who
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vardef spring (expr a, b, w, h, n)
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There is a numeric constant labelof
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text text text text text text text
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p := fullcircle scaled (2*length(lo
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These definitions of anglebetween a
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Because in most cases we want the l
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γ δ β ɛ α ζ δ γ β ɛ metho
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There are for sure more (efficient)
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The next circle that we draw shows
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popcurrentpicture ; enddef ; Here,
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draw (u,i) -- (2u,i) withcolor .5wh
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Figure 13.4 Koffka's examples of ma
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\startbuffer[a] def start_everythin
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pointC := circleA intersectionpoint
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draw_basics ; draw_circles ; draw_i
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Figure 13.6 Bisecting a line segmen
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z1 = (0, height/2) ; z2 = (width/2-
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The clipping path is applied by say
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13.8 Music sheets The next example
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The euro symbol A few applications
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draw i withpen pencircle scaled 1pt
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16 draw b withpen pencircle scaled
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\startMPcode \includeMPgraphic{gamb
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14 METAFUN macros CONTEXT comes wit
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A METAPOST syntax In the METAFONT b
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〈number or fraction〉 → 〈num
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〈suffix〉 → 〈empty〉 | 〈s
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〈assignment〉 → 〈variable〉
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〈command〉 → clip 〈picture v
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〈if test〉 → if 〈boolean exp
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B This document This document is pr
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C Reference C.1 Paths In this chapt
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tension atleast numeric (0,0)..(.75
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angle origin--dir(angle(1,1)) metap
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circle bcircle metafun variable lci
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path randomized numeric/pair unitsq
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path stretched numeric/pair (fullci
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path zscaled pair fullcircle zscale
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path llenlarged numeric fullcircle
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path urmoved numeric fullcircle urm
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everse path reverse fullcircle shif
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oundingbox path boundingbox fullcir
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C.3 Points top pair top center full
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C.4 Attributes withcolor rgbcolor w
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draw draw fullcircle metapost macro
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ounded linecap := rounded metapost
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label.top label.top("MetaFun",origi
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D Literature There is undoubtly mor
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Index a anchoring 143, 145 angles 2
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This document introduces you in the
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