MetaFun - Pragma ADE

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This document introduces you in the world of the graphic programming language METAPOST. Not only the language itself is covered in detail, but also the way to interface with the typographic language TEX. We also present the collection of METAPOST graphic that come with the ConTEXt typesetting system. This collection goes under the name <strong>MetaFun</strong>. All aspects of the METAPOST language are covered. The first chapters focus on the METAPOST language, later chapters cover aspects like color, graphic inclu- sions, adding labels, and stepwise constructing graphics. We finish with a graphical overview of commands. PRAGMA Advanced Document Engineering, Hasselt NL, 2010
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Hans Hagen metafun context mkiv
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Introduction This document is about
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Content Conventions . . . . . . . .
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1 Conventions When reading this man
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1 Welcome to MetaPost 1.1 Paths 2 I
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The open path is defined as: (1cm,1
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1.2 Transformations We can store a
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(x,y) zscaled (u,v) (xu − yv,xv +
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z0 = (0.5cm,1.5cm) ; z1 = (2.5cm,2.
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4 0 1 3 2 "z0..z1..z2..z3..z0" Only
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0 1 3 2 "z0..z1..z2--z3" Watch how
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0 1 0 2 2 1 "(z0..z1..z2..z3) cutaf
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2 0 1 Using ( ) is not mandatory bu
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0 4 1 3 2 0 These two graphics were
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Since we don't consider this unfill
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First there is the concept of varia
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1.8 Loops Yet another programming c
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If in the definition of doublescale
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test (a) (b) (c) (d) ; test (a,b) (
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If you forget about the colors, the
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linejoin=mitered linecap=butt linej
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1.15 Text Most dashpatterns can be
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Z13 Z24 Z14 Z1 Z12 Z2 Z21 Z23 Z11 Z
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3 Because we want to call this macr
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dotlabel.rt ("$Z_{3}$", z3) ; dotla
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A different approach is to use a tw
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The graphic extends beyond the boun
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p := (p shifted (5cm,0)) randomized
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path p ; p := (0,0) -- (2cm,3cm) ;
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path p ; p := (0cm,0cm) -- (4cm,1cm
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Here, the image macro creates an (a
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So, in addition to on to specify a
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Watch how we can pass a point (poin
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2 A few more details In this chapte
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The second line does just as it say
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fill shape ; draw shape ; filldraw
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2.3 Units 6 As you can see here, as
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2.4 Scaling and shifting When we dr
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Especially when a path results from
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points first order curve second ord
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first iteration second iteration th
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and get: We don't even need that mu
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Figure 2.3 Circles with minimized i
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The tension specifier can be used t
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The asymetrical tensions are less p
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z0 .. z1 .. z2 z0 {curl 1} .. z1 ..
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7 In literature concerning POSTSCRI
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currentpicture := currentpicture sl
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We can achieve this by defining poi
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We're still not there. Like in a pr
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Due to the thicker line width used
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left up down right The previous def
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Here the & glues strings together,
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picture p ; p := "MetaFun" normalin
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pickup pencircle scaled 2pt ; draw
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Because the z--variables are used f
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3 Embedded graphics In addition to
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\startMPcode fill fullcircle scaled
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\startuniqueMPgraphic{right or wron
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{\externalfigure[mprun:extrafun::my
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\startlinecorrection[blank] \proces
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In order to prevent problems, we ad
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There are a few more low level swit
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When we convert color to gray, we u
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4 Enhancing the layout One of the m
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4.2 Overlay variables [offset=3pt,f
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This background demonstrates that a
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As you may know, TEX's ambassador i
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This works as expected: \RotatedTex
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We will now apply this knowledge of
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p := p shifted (2o,OverlayHeight-yp
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We demonstrated that when defining
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5 Positional graphics In this chapt
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5.2 Anchors and layers In a previou
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pab := pab cutafter (pab intersecti
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fill p withcolor \MPcolor{lightgray
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The previous example also demonstra
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\setMPlayer [test] [somepos-1] [loc
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6 Page backgrounds Especially in in
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As soon as you want to make an elec
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do_it (1,4,false) ; do_it (5,4,fals
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gigigi Watch how the bounding boxes
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You can test this concept yourself
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StartPage ; fill Area[Text][Text] s
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fi ; Main := Main enlarged 6pt ; pi
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ulcorner Field[Text] [Text] -urcorn
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The left picture demonstrates what
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There are two more operators: inner
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7 Shapes, symbols and buttons One c
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Table 7.1 demonstrates how scratch
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for i := 1 upto \MPvar{n} : xpos :=
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This table is defined as: \bTABLE[f
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Since we have collected some nice b
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8 Special effects Sometimes we want
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Because of this implementation, sha
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test_shade(origin shifted (.25cm,0)
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fill p shifted (3cm,0) withcolor .5
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\definecolor [tred] [r=1,t=.5,a=exc
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Figure 8.4 Another clipped cow. \pl
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withpen pencircle scaled 4mm withco
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Because this graphic is the result
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The resulting PDF file can be inclu
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Including another METAPOST graphic,
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After these examples your are proba
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In this graphic, we have two text f
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} {}} Here we feed some MATHML int
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9 Functions METAPOST provides a wid
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9.2 Grids Some day you may want to
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13 13 13 13 Figure 9.1 Quick and di
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2 − ×10 1 − 1 0×100 Figure 9.
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Figure 9.3 By using transparent col
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There are enough applications out t
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Of course we could extend this LUA
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10 Typesetting in METAPOST It is sa
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Meta is a female lion! Figure 10.2
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We use the low level CONTEXT macro
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So, now we have: M etaPostisFun! Wh
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n := n + 1 ; len[n] := \the\wd\MPbo
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ap := point at of RotPath ; ad := d
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\startoverlay {\startuseMPgraphic{f
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\startuseMPgraphic{text draw} draw
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vsize := ypart urcorner p - ypart l
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We are now ready for an attempt to
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We can manipulate the heigth and de
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\strutheight) ; % height of first l
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w := h := 6cm ; o := 6pt ; path p ;
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Donald Knuth has spent the past sev
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Donald Knuth has spent the past sev
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11 Debugging Those familiar with CO
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4 3 5 2 6 1 0 7 8 You can pass opti
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3 4 0 2 1 Of course you may want to
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12 Defining styles Since the integr
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color=gray, contrastcolor=gray, sty
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def right_menu_button (expr nn, rr,
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\Topic {Edward R. Tufte} \input tuf
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A Few Nice Quotes A Simple Style De
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13 A few applications For those who
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vardef spring (expr a, b, w, h, n)
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There is a numeric constant labelof
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text text text text text text text
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p := fullcircle scaled (2*length(lo
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These definitions of anglebetween a
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Because in most cases we want the l
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γ δ β ɛ α ζ δ γ β ɛ metho
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There are for sure more (efficient)
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The next circle that we draw shows
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popcurrentpicture ; enddef ; Here,
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draw (u,i) -- (2u,i) withcolor .5wh
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Figure 13.4 Koffka's examples of ma
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\startbuffer[a] def start_everythin
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pointC := circleA intersectionpoint
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draw_basics ; draw_circles ; draw_i
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Figure 13.6 Bisecting a line segmen
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z1 = (0, height/2) ; z2 = (width/2-
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The clipping path is applied by say
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13.8 Music sheets The next example
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The euro symbol A few applications
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draw i withpen pencircle scaled 1pt
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16 draw b withpen pencircle scaled
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\startMPcode \includeMPgraphic{gamb
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14 METAFUN macros CONTEXT comes wit
Page 325 and 326: A METAPOST syntax In the METAFONT b
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Page 331 and 332: 〈assignment〉 → 〈variable〉
Page 333 and 334: 〈command〉 → clip 〈picture v
Page 335 and 336: 〈if test〉 → if 〈boolean exp
Page 337 and 338: B This document This document is pr
Page 339 and 340: C Reference C.1 Paths In this chapt
Page 341 and 342: tension atleast numeric (0,0)..(.75
Page 343 and 344: angle origin--dir(angle(1,1)) metap
Page 345 and 346: circle bcircle metafun variable lci
Page 347 and 348: path randomized numeric/pair unitsq
Page 349 and 350: path stretched numeric/pair (fullci
Page 351 and 352: path zscaled pair fullcircle zscale
Page 353 and 354: path llenlarged numeric fullcircle
Page 355 and 356: path urmoved numeric fullcircle urm
Page 357 and 358: everse path reverse fullcircle shif
Page 359 and 360: oundingbox path boundingbox fullcir
Page 361 and 362: C.3 Points top pair top center full
Page 363 and 364: C.4 Attributes withcolor rgbcolor w
Page 365 and 366: draw draw fullcircle metapost macro
Page 367 and 368: ounded linecap := rounded metapost
Page 369 and 370: label.top label.top("MetaFun",origi
Page 371 and 372: D Literature There is undoubtly mor
Page 373 and 374: Index a anchoring 143, 145 angles 2
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