MetaFun - Pragma ADE

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For them I owe much inspiration to both my parents. My mother Jannie constantly demonstrates me that computer graphics will never improve nature. She also converted one of my first METAPOST graphics into a patchwork that will remind me forever that handcraft is more vivid than computer artwork. My father Hein has spent a great deal of his life teaching math, and I'm sure he would have loved METAPOST. I inherited his love for books. I therefore dedicate this document to them. Colofon This manual is typeset with CONTEXT MKIV. No special tricks are used and everything you see in here, is available for CONTEXT users. The text is typeset in Palatino and Computer Modern Typewriter. We used LUATEX as TEX processing engine. Since this document is meant to be printed in color, some examples will look sub--optimal when printed in black and white. Graphics The artist impression of one of Hasselts canals at page 202 is made by Johan Jonker. The CDROM production process graphic at page 199 is a scan of a graphic made by Hester de Weert. Copyright Hans Hagen, PRAGMA Advanced Document Engineering, Hasselt NL copyright: 1999-2010 / version 2: October 8, 2010 Publisher publisher: Boekplan, NL isbn-ean: 978-94-90688-02-8 website: www.boekplan.nl Info internet: www.pragma-ade.com support: ntg-context@ntg.nl context: www.contextgarden.net
Page 1: Hans Hagen metafun context mkiv
Page 6 and 7: 2 Introduction and therefore to CON
Page 8 and 9: 4 Content 9 Functions . . . . . . .
Page 10 and 11: 6 Conventions By default, CONTEXT h
Page 12 and 13: 8 This path is constructed out of f
Page 14 and 15: 10 This time we used the path: (1.5
Page 16 and 17: 12 Note that rotated 15 is equivale
Page 18 and 19: 14 A zscaled specification takes a
Page 20 and 21: 16 0 4 1 3 "z0---z1---z2---z3---cyc
Page 22 and 23: 18 0 1 The following path is a clos
Page 24 and 25: 20 The new (sub)path is a new path
Page 26 and 27: 22 1 "(z0..z1..z2..z3) cutbefore po
Page 28 and 29: 24 The dir command returns an unit
Page 30 and 31: 26 fill (0,0)--(ww,0)--(ww,hh)--(w,
Page 32 and 33: 28 often, you may expect draw and f
Page 34 and 35: 30 i_111_222 := 1cm ; i_[111]_[222]
Page 36 and 37: 32 numeric done[][], i, j, n ; n :=
Page 38 and 39: 34 vardef randomscaledpath(expr p,
Page 40 and 41: 36 1.11 Pens min_u enddef ; The spe
Page 42 and 43: 38 You can define such a pen yourse
Page 44 and 45: 40 1.13 Colors So far, we have seen
Page 46 and 47: 42 You can of course rotate, slant
Page 48 and 49: 44 \defineMPinstance [solvers] [for
Page 50 and 51: 46 \startMPdefinitions{solvers} ang
Page 52 and 53:
48 1.0 / 1.0 0.8 / 1.0 0.6 / 1.0 0.
Page 54 and 55:
50 A bounding box is defined by its
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52 The smoothed operation is a less
Page 58 and 59:
54 Probably less usefull (although
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56 Often I make such helpers in the
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58 drawpath p ; drawpoints p ; p :=
Page 64 and 65:
60 1.19 Cutting and pasting When en
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62 By using a vardef we hide the in
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64 Sometimes it's handy to temporar
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66 We can view this file in a POSTS
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68 4 5 pickup pencircle scaled .5cm
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70 There is a subtle point in filli
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72 draw fullcircle scaled 100 ; dra
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74 However, when we combine such gr
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76 Here, the parameter t runs from
Page 82 and 83:
78 points first order points second
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80 z6 z7 z1 z5 z4 z2 z3 z7 z6 z1 z5
Page 86 and 87:
82 It is surprisingly difficult to
Page 88 and 89:
84 Figure 2.5 Circles with minimize
Page 90 and 91:
86 Curves finally are made up out o
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88 sample(z1 .. tension (.75+i) ..
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90 sample (z1 {curl 0} .. z2 .. {cu
Page 96 and 97:
92 MetaFun Because the transformati
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94 This rectangle is a scaled insta
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96 We draw this path using a non st
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98 Another case when top and friend
Page 104 and 105:
100 2.9 Directions Quite often you
Page 106 and 107:
102 These circles were drawn using:
Page 108 and 109:
104 draw fullcircle withpen pencirc
Page 110 and 111:
106 also i fi withcolor white-(redp
Page 112 and 113:
108 There are more cases where the
Page 114 and 115:
110 the language. Occasionally you
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112 An alternative method is to sep
Page 118 and 119:
114 \defineoverlay[my graphic][\MyG
Page 120 and 121:
116 beginfig(21) ; draw fullsquare
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118 \startMPpage % Your mp code goe
Page 124 and 125:
120 The previous example uses a pur
Page 126 and 127:
122 c=1 y=.3 k=.3 c=.9 y=.15 c=.25
Page 128 and 129:
124 In this case the page=1 specifi
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126 Embedded graphics Managing reso
Page 132 and 133:
128 In this case, it would have mad
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130 4.4 Foregrounds The overlay sys
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132 As you may know, TEX's ambassad
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134 ... etex, the TEX code in texte
Page 140 and 141:
136 \startMPcode picture p ; p := \
Page 142 and 143:
138 \defineoverlay[FunnyFrame][\use
Page 144 and 145:
140 OverlayHeight \overlayheight cu
Page 146 and 147:
142 draw p shifted (0,i) withpen pe
Page 148 and 149:
144 paragraph is typeset, but in th
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146 \defineoverlay [foregraphics] [
Page 152 and 153:
148 background overlay a text, grap
Page 154 and 155:
150 \setlayer[BackLayer][x=15cm,y=5
Page 156 and 157:
152 option test show positioning in
Page 158 and 159:
154 Positional graphics Complex tex
Page 160 and 161:
156 Since we want to teach a bit of
Page 162 and 163:
158 top header text footer bottom e
Page 164 and 165:
160 COPYRIGHT 6.2 Setting up backgr
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162 offset=\bodyfontsize, before={\
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164 BottomDistance BottomHeight hor
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166 \startuseMPgraphic{page} StartP
Page 172 and 173:
168 8 8 8 Edward R. Tufte We thrive
Page 174 and 175:
170 10 10 10 Edward R. Tufte We thr
Page 176 and 177:
172 This graphic is generated as fo
Page 178 and 179:
174 Page backgrounds Bleeding
Page 180 and 181:
176 paragraph, being the graphic. T
Page 182 and 183:
178 Because we want to be sure that
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180 pickup pencircle xscaled (size/
Page 186 and 187:
182 meta:hash:linecolor=darkyellow]
Page 188 and 189:
184 Shapes, symbols and buttons Sym
Page 190 and 191:
186 We still have to define the gra
Page 192 and 193:
188 direction and magnitude of the
Page 194 and 195:
190 12 such a feature at a higher a
Page 196 and 197:
192 13 SampleText ("\colored[a=1,t=
Page 198 and 199:
194 Hello Hello 8.3 Clipping In thi
Page 200 and 201:
196 We start in the top left corner
Page 202 and 203:
198 The definition of peepholed is
Page 204 and 205:
200 As long as you don't mess aroun
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202 fill fullcircle scaled 2cm with
Page 208 and 209:
204 loadfigure "gracht.mp" number 1
Page 210 and 211:
206 By default the shapes are fille
Page 212 and 213:
208 withdrawcolor .625red withpen p
Page 214 and 215:
210 Special effects Outline fonts
Page 216 and 217:
212 decr(x,n) decrement x by n incr
Page 218 and 219:
214 draw hlingrid(0, 10, 1, 3cm, 3c
Page 220 and 221:
216 9.3 Drawing functions Today the
Page 222 and 223:
218 function(2,".5log(x)","x",1,10,
Page 224 and 225:
220 If we use the exclusion method
Page 226 and 227:
222 Writing such LUA functions is n
Page 228 and 229:
224 Functions Drawing functions
Page 230 and 231:
226 \startMPenvironment \usetypescr
Page 232 and 233:
228 We let the bodyfont match the f
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230 endfor ; \stopMPdrawing This co
Page 236 and 237:
232 Placing the pictures is now rat
Page 238 and 239:
234 Does it wor k ok? D o e s i t w
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236 We now follow som e arbitrar y
Page 242 and 243:
238 10.5 Talking to TEX Sometimes,
Page 244 and 245:
240 \startuseMPgraphic{text draw} d
Page 246 and 247:
242 The offset is not optimal. Note
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244 shifted (0,-strutdepth)--cycle)
Page 250 and 251:
246 We have to adapt the for--loop
Page 252 and 253:
248 an additional horizontal and ve
Page 254 and 255:
250 Donald Knuth has spent the past
Page 256 and 257:
252 We will surround this text with
Page 258 and 259:
254 Typesetting in METAPOST Librari
Page 260 and 261:
256 You can deduce the direction of
Page 262 and 263:
258 By default, the ticks are place
Page 264 and 265:
260 Debugging Libraries
Page 266 and 267:
262 edge distance. By setting the h
Page 268 and 269:
264 Douglas R. Hofstadter t b Donal
Page 270 and 271:
266 enddef ; \stopuseMPgraphic The
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268 alternative := alternative mod
Page 274 and 275:
270 Defining styles Adaptive button
Page 276 and 277:
272 def spring (expr a, b, w, h, n)
Page 278 and 279:
274 Or even (watch how we use the n
Page 280 and 281:
276 Now, what happens when we want
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278 p := fullcircle scaled (2*lengt
Page 284 and 285:
280 pair uv ; pickup pencircle scal
Page 286 and 287:
282 (unitvector(endofa-common){(end
Page 288 and 289:
284 γ δ β ɛ α ζ Multiples of
Page 290 and 291:
286 pair b_r, b_g, g_r, g_b ; numer
Page 292 and 293:
288 yy := cc rotatedaround(origin,1
Page 294 and 295:
290 This rather nice circle is defi
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292 currentpicture := currentpictur
Page 298 and 299:
294 \startuseMPgraphic{third} \incl
Page 300 and 301:
296 addto currentpicture also q shi
Page 302 and 303:
298 15 We use \ruledhbox to show th
Page 304 and 305:
300 C A B D The following code draw
Page 306 and 307:
302 A B A B A B A few applications
Page 308 and 309:
304 Which method is used, depends o
Page 310 and 311:
306 If we combine these two segment
Page 312 and 313:
308 The complete logo definition is
Page 314 and 315:
310 Because we are still drawing so
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312 boolean trace_euro ; trace_euro
Page 318 and 319:
314 Of course it would be best to d
Page 320 and 321:
316 \startMPcode \includeMPgraphic{
Page 322 and 323:
318 A few applications Killing time
Page 324 and 325:
320 METAFUN macros Killing time
Page 326 and 327:
322 〈subexpression〉 → 〈tert
Page 328 and 329:
324 〈nullary op〉 → false | no
Page 330 and 331:
326 〈on/off clause〉 → on 〈n
Page 332 and 333:
328 〈parameter tokens〉 → 〈p
Page 334 and 335:
330 〈drawing option〉 → withco
Page 336 and 337:
332 〈pseudo function〉 → defin
Page 338 and 339:
334 The document style is not that
Page 340 and 341:
336 pair — pair (0,0)..(.75,0)---
Page 342 and 343:
338 right (0,0)right..(1,1) metapos
Page 344 and 345:
340 unitdiamond unitdiamond metafun
Page 346 and 347:
342 flex(pair,pair,pair) flex ((0,0
Page 348 and 349:
344 path paralleled distance ((0,0)
Page 350 and 351:
346 path crossed size fullcircle sc
Page 352 and 353:
348 path topenlarged numeric fullsq
Page 354 and 355:
350 path lrenlarged pair fullcircle
Page 356 and 357:
352 path ulmoved pair fullcircle ul
Page 358 and 359:
354 path cutends .1 fullcircle cute
Page 360 and 361:
356 rightboundary path rightboundar
Page 362 and 363:
358 point numeric along path point
Page 364 and 365:
360 withshade numeric Shades need t
Page 366 and 367:
362 unfill unfill fullcircle metapo
Page 368 and 369:
364 C.5 Text inverted picture inver
Page 370 and 371:
366 graphictext string ... graphict
Page 372 and 373:
368 D.4 Tools There are more manual
Page 374:
370 s scaling 73 shading 185 shifti
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MetaFun - Pragma ADE

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