MetaFun - Pragma ADE

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212 decr(x,n) decrement x by n incr(x,n) increment x by n max(a,b,..) return the maximum value in the list min(a,b,..) return the minimum value in the list The min and max funtions can be applied to numerics as well as strings. The following functions are related to strings: oct s string representation of an octal number hex s string representation of a hexadecimal number str s string representation for a suffix ASCII s ASCII value of the first character char x character of the given ASCII code decimal x decimal representation of a numeric With substring (i,j) of s you can filter the substring bounded by the given indices from the given string. In METAFUN we provide a few more functions (you can take a look in mp-tool.mp to see how they are defined. You need to be aware of very subtle rounding errors. Normally these only show up when you reverse an operation. This is a result from mapping to and from internal quantities. sqr(x) x 2 log(x) log(x) ln(x) ln(x) exp(x) e x pow(x, p) x p inv(x) 1/x The following sine and cosine functions take radians instead of angles in degrees. sin(x) asin(x) invsin(x) cos(x) acos(x) invcos(x) There are no tangent functions, so we provide both the radian and degrees versions: tan(x) tand(x) cot(x) cotd(x) Here are a couple of hyperbolic functions. sinh(x) asinh(x) cosh(x) acosh(x) We end with a few additional string converters. ddecimal x decimal representation of a pair dddecimal x decimal representation of a color condition x string representation of a boolean Functions Overview
9.2 Grids Some day you may want to use METAPOST to draw a function like graphic. In the regular TEX distributions you will find a module graph.mp that provides many ways to accomplish this. For the moment, METAFUN does not provide advanced features with respect to drawing functions, so this section will be relatively short. When drawing a functions (for educational purposes) we need to draw a couple of axis or a grid as well as a shape. Along the axis we can put labels. For this we can use the METAPOST package format.mp, but this does not integrate that well into the way METAFUN deals with text typeset by TEX. For those who love dirty tricks and clever macros, close reading of the code in format.mp may be worthwhile. The format macros in there use TEX to typeset the core components of a number, and use the dimensions of those components to compose combinations of signs, numbers and superscripts. In METAFUN we have the module mp-form.mp which contains most of the code in format.mp but in a form that is a bit more suited for fine tuning. This permits us to use either the composition method, or to fall back on the textext method that is part of METAFUN. That way we can also handle fonts that have digits with different dimensions. Another ‘change' concerns the pattern separator. Instead of a % we use @; you can choose to set another separator, but for embedded definitions % is definitely a bad choice because TEX sees it as a comment and ignores everything following it. drawoptions(withpen pencircle scaled 1pt withcolor .625yellow) ; draw hlingrid(0, 10, 1, 3cm, 3cm) ; draw vlingrid(0, 10, 1, 3cm, 3cm) ; draw hlingrid(0, 10, 1, 3cm, 3cm) shifted ( 3.5cm,0) ; draw vloggrid(0, 10, 1, 3cm, 3cm) shifted ( 3.5cm,0) ; draw hloggrid(0, 10, 1, 3cm, 3cm) shifted ( 7.0cm,0) ; draw vlingrid(0, 10, 1, 3cm, 3cm) shifted ( 7.0cm,0) ; draw hloggrid(0, 10, 1, 3cm, 3cm) shifted (10.5cm,0) ; draw vloggrid(0, 10, 1, 3cm, 3cm) shifted (10.5cm,0) ; drawoptions(withpen pencircle scaled 1pt withcolor .625yellow) ; Grids Functions 213
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Hans Hagen metafun context mkiv
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Introduction This document is about
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Content Conventions . . . . . . . .
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1 Conventions When reading this man
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1 Welcome to MetaPost 1.1 Paths 2 I
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The open path is defined as: (1cm,1
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1.2 Transformations We can store a
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(x,y) zscaled (u,v) (xu − yv,xv +
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z0 = (0.5cm,1.5cm) ; z1 = (2.5cm,2.
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4 0 1 3 2 "z0..z1..z2..z3..z0" Only
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0 1 3 2 "z0..z1..z2--z3" Watch how
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0 1 0 2 2 1 "(z0..z1..z2..z3) cutaf
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2 0 1 Using ( ) is not mandatory bu
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0 4 1 3 2 0 These two graphics were
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Since we don't consider this unfill
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First there is the concept of varia
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1.8 Loops Yet another programming c
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If in the definition of doublescale
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test (a) (b) (c) (d) ; test (a,b) (
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If you forget about the colors, the
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linejoin=mitered linecap=butt linej
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1.15 Text Most dashpatterns can be
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Z13 Z24 Z14 Z1 Z12 Z2 Z21 Z23 Z11 Z
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3 Because we want to call this macr
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dotlabel.rt ("$Z_{3}$", z3) ; dotla
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A different approach is to use a tw
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The graphic extends beyond the boun
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p := (p shifted (5cm,0)) randomized
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path p ; p := (0,0) -- (2cm,3cm) ;
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path p ; p := (0cm,0cm) -- (4cm,1cm
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Here, the image macro creates an (a
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So, in addition to on to specify a
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Watch how we can pass a point (poin
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2 A few more details In this chapte
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The second line does just as it say
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fill shape ; draw shape ; filldraw
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2.3 Units 6 As you can see here, as
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2.4 Scaling and shifting When we dr
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Especially when a path results from
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points first order curve second ord
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first iteration second iteration th
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and get: We don't even need that mu
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Figure 2.3 Circles with minimized i
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The tension specifier can be used t
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The asymetrical tensions are less p
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z0 .. z1 .. z2 z0 {curl 1} .. z1 ..
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7 In literature concerning POSTSCRI
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currentpicture := currentpicture sl
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We can achieve this by defining poi
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We're still not there. Like in a pr
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Due to the thicker line width used
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left up down right The previous def
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Here the & glues strings together,
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picture p ; p := "MetaFun" normalin
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pickup pencircle scaled 2pt ; draw
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Because the z--variables are used f
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3 Embedded graphics In addition to
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\startMPcode fill fullcircle scaled
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\startuniqueMPgraphic{right or wron
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{\externalfigure[mprun:extrafun::my
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\startlinecorrection[blank] \proces
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In order to prevent problems, we ad
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There are a few more low level swit
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When we convert color to gray, we u
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4 Enhancing the layout One of the m
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4.2 Overlay variables [offset=3pt,f
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This background demonstrates that a
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As you may know, TEX's ambassador i
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This works as expected: \RotatedTex
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We will now apply this knowledge of
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p := p shifted (2o,OverlayHeight-yp
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We demonstrated that when defining
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5 Positional graphics In this chapt
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5.2 Anchors and layers In a previou
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pab := pab cutafter (pab intersecti
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fill p withcolor \MPcolor{lightgray
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The previous example also demonstra
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\setMPlayer [test] [somepos-1] [loc
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6 Page backgrounds Especially in in
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As soon as you want to make an elec
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do_it (1,4,false) ; do_it (5,4,fals
Page 165 and 166: gigigi Watch how the bounding boxes
Page 167 and 168: You can test this concept yourself
Page 169 and 170: StartPage ; fill Area[Text][Text] s
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Page 173 and 174: ulcorner Field[Text] [Text] -urcorn
Page 175 and 176: The left picture demonstrates what
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Page 179 and 180: 7 Shapes, symbols and buttons One c
Page 181 and 182: Table 7.1 demonstrates how scratch
Page 183 and 184: for i := 1 upto \MPvar{n} : xpos :=
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Page 187 and 188: Since we have collected some nice b
Page 189 and 190: 8 Special effects Sometimes we want
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Page 197 and 198: \definecolor [tred] [r=1,t=.5,a=exc
Page 199 and 200: Figure 8.4 Another clipped cow. \pl
Page 201 and 202: withpen pencircle scaled 4mm withco
Page 203 and 204: Because this graphic is the result
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Page 209 and 210: After these examples your are proba
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Page 223 and 224: Figure 9.3 By using transparent col
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Page 229 and 230: 10 Typesetting in METAPOST It is sa
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Page 239 and 240: ap := point at of RotPath ; ad := d
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Page 243 and 244: \startuseMPgraphic{text draw} draw
Page 245 and 246: vsize := ypart urcorner p - ypart l
Page 247 and 248: We are now ready for an attempt to
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Page 253 and 254: w := h := 6cm ; o := 6pt ; path p ;
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Page 259 and 260: 11 Debugging Those familiar with CO
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color=gray, contrastcolor=gray, sty
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def right_menu_button (expr nn, rr,
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\Topic {Edward R. Tufte} \input tuf
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A Few Nice Quotes A Simple Style De
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13 A few applications For those who
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vardef spring (expr a, b, w, h, n)
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There is a numeric constant labelof
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text text text text text text text
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p := fullcircle scaled (2*length(lo
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These definitions of anglebetween a
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Because in most cases we want the l
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γ δ β ɛ α ζ δ γ β ɛ metho
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There are for sure more (efficient)
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The next circle that we draw shows
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popcurrentpicture ; enddef ; Here,
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draw (u,i) -- (2u,i) withcolor .5wh
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Figure 13.4 Koffka's examples of ma
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\startbuffer[a] def start_everythin
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pointC := circleA intersectionpoint
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draw_basics ; draw_circles ; draw_i
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Figure 13.6 Bisecting a line segmen
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z1 = (0, height/2) ; z2 = (width/2-
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The clipping path is applied by say
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13.8 Music sheets The next example
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The euro symbol A few applications
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draw i withpen pencircle scaled 1pt
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16 draw b withpen pencircle scaled
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\startMPcode \includeMPgraphic{gamb
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14 METAFUN macros CONTEXT comes wit
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A METAPOST syntax In the METAFONT b
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〈number or fraction〉 → 〈num
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〈suffix〉 → 〈empty〉 | 〈s
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〈assignment〉 → 〈variable〉
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〈command〉 → clip 〈picture v
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〈if test〉 → if 〈boolean exp
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B This document This document is pr
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C Reference C.1 Paths In this chapt
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tension atleast numeric (0,0)..(.75
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angle origin--dir(angle(1,1)) metap
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circle bcircle metafun variable lci
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path randomized numeric/pair unitsq
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path stretched numeric/pair (fullci
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path zscaled pair fullcircle zscale
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path llenlarged numeric fullcircle
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path urmoved numeric fullcircle urm
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everse path reverse fullcircle shif
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oundingbox path boundingbox fullcir
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C.3 Points top pair top center full
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C.4 Attributes withcolor rgbcolor w
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draw draw fullcircle metapost macro
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ounded linecap := rounded metapost
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label.top label.top("MetaFun",origi
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D Literature There is undoubtly mor
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Index a anchoring 143, 145 angles 2
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This document introduces you in the
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