MetaFun - Pragma ADE

More documents

Recommendations

Info

6 Conventions By default, CONTEXT has turned its color mechanism on. If you don't want your graphics to have color, you should say: \setupcolors[state=stop]
1 Welcome to MetaPost 1.1 Paths 2 In this chapter, we will introduce the most important METAPOST concepts as well as demonstrate some drawing primitives and operators. This chapter does not replace the METAFONT book or METAPOST manual, both of which provide a lot of explanations, examples, and (dirty) tricks. As its title says, the METAFONT book by Donald. E. Knuth is about fonts. Nevertheless, buying a copy is worth the money, because as a METAPOST user you can benefit from the excellent chapters about curves, algebraic expressions, and (linear) equations. The following sections are incomplete in many aspects. More details on how to define your own macros can be found in both the METAFONT book and METAPOST manual, but you will probably only appreciate the nasty details if you have written a few simple figures yourself. This chapter will give you a start. A whole section is dedicated to the basic extensions to METAPOST as provided by METAFUN. Most of them are meant to make defining graphics like those shown in this document more convenient. Many of the concepts introduced here will be discussed in more detail in later chapters. So, you may consider this chapter to be an appetizer for the following chapters. If you want to get started quickly, you can safely skip this chapter now. Paths are the building blocks of METAPOST graphics. In its simplest form, a path is a single point. (1cm,1.5cm) Such a point is identified by two numbers, which represent the horizontal and vertical position, often referred to as x and y, or (x,y). Because there are two numbers involved, in METAPOST this point is called a pair. Its related datatype is therefore pair. The following statements assigns the point we showed previously to a pair variable. pair somepoint ; somepoint := (1cm,1.5cm) ; A pair can be used to identify a point in the two dimensional coordinate space, but it can also be used to denote a vector (being a direction or displacement). For instance, (0,1) means ‘go up'. Looking through math glasses, you may consider them vectors, and if you know how to deal with them, METAPOST may be your friend, since it knows how to manipulate them. You can connect points and the result is called a path. A path is a straight or bent line, and is not necessarily a smooth curve. An example of a simple rectangular path is: 2 In the next examples we use the debugging features discussed in chapter 11 to visualize the points, paths and bounding boxes. Paths Welcome to MetaPost 7
Page 1: Hans Hagen metafun context mkiv
Page 5 and 6: Introduction This document is about
Page 7 and 8: Content Conventions . . . . . . . .
Page 9: 1 Conventions When reading this man
Page 13 and 14: The open path is defined as: (1cm,1
Page 15 and 16: 1.2 Transformations We can store a
Page 17 and 18: (x,y) zscaled (u,v) (xu − yv,xv +
Page 19 and 20: z0 = (0.5cm,1.5cm) ; z1 = (2.5cm,2.
Page 21 and 22: 4 0 1 3 2 "z0..z1..z2..z3..z0" Only
Page 23 and 24: 0 1 3 2 "z0..z1..z2--z3" Watch how
Page 25 and 26: 0 1 0 2 2 1 "(z0..z1..z2..z3) cutaf
Page 27 and 28: 2 0 1 Using ( ) is not mandatory bu
Page 29 and 30: 0 4 1 3 2 0 These two graphics were
Page 31 and 32: Since we don't consider this unfill
Page 33 and 34: First there is the concept of varia
Page 35 and 36: 1.8 Loops Yet another programming c
Page 37 and 38: If in the definition of doublescale
Page 39 and 40: test (a) (b) (c) (d) ; test (a,b) (
Page 41 and 42: If you forget about the colors, the
Page 43 and 44: linejoin=mitered linecap=butt linej
Page 45 and 46: 1.15 Text Most dashpatterns can be
Page 47 and 48: Z13 Z24 Z14 Z1 Z12 Z2 Z21 Z23 Z11 Z
Page 49 and 50: 3 Because we want to call this macr
Page 51 and 52: dotlabel.rt ("$Z_{3}$", z3) ; dotla
Page 53 and 54: A different approach is to use a tw
Page 55 and 56: The graphic extends beyond the boun
Page 57 and 58: p := (p shifted (5cm,0)) randomized
Page 59 and 60: path p ; p := (0,0) -- (2cm,3cm) ;
Page 61 and 62:
path p ; p := (0cm,0cm) -- (4cm,1cm
Page 63 and 64:
Here, the image macro creates an (a
Page 65 and 66:
So, in addition to on to specify a
Page 67 and 68:
Watch how we can pass a point (poin
Page 69 and 70:
2 A few more details In this chapte
Page 71 and 72:
The second line does just as it say
Page 73 and 74:
fill shape ; draw shape ; filldraw
Page 75 and 76:
2.3 Units 6 As you can see here, as
Page 77 and 78:
2.4 Scaling and shifting When we dr
Page 79 and 80:
Especially when a path results from
Page 81 and 82:
points first order curve second ord
Page 83 and 84:
first iteration second iteration th
Page 85 and 86:
and get: We don't even need that mu
Page 87 and 88:
Figure 2.3 Circles with minimized i
Page 89 and 90:
The tension specifier can be used t
Page 91 and 92:
The asymetrical tensions are less p
Page 93 and 94:
z0 .. z1 .. z2 z0 {curl 1} .. z1 ..
Page 95 and 96:
7 In literature concerning POSTSCRI
Page 97 and 98:
currentpicture := currentpicture sl
Page 99 and 100:
We can achieve this by defining poi
Page 101 and 102:
We're still not there. Like in a pr
Page 103 and 104:
Due to the thicker line width used
Page 105 and 106:
left up down right The previous def
Page 107 and 108:
Here the & glues strings together,
Page 109 and 110:
picture p ; p := "MetaFun" normalin
Page 111 and 112:
pickup pencircle scaled 2pt ; draw
Page 113 and 114:
Because the z--variables are used f
Page 115 and 116:
3 Embedded graphics In addition to
Page 117 and 118:
\startMPcode fill fullcircle scaled
Page 119 and 120:
\startuniqueMPgraphic{right or wron
Page 121 and 122:
{\externalfigure[mprun:extrafun::my
Page 123 and 124:
\startlinecorrection[blank] \proces
Page 125 and 126:
In order to prevent problems, we ad
Page 127 and 128:
There are a few more low level swit
Page 129 and 130:
When we convert color to gray, we u
Page 131 and 132:
4 Enhancing the layout One of the m
Page 133 and 134:
4.2 Overlay variables [offset=3pt,f
Page 135 and 136:
This background demonstrates that a
Page 137 and 138:
As you may know, TEX's ambassador i
Page 139 and 140:
This works as expected: \RotatedTex
Page 141 and 142:
We will now apply this knowledge of
Page 143 and 144:
p := p shifted (2o,OverlayHeight-yp
Page 145 and 146:
We demonstrated that when defining
Page 147 and 148:
5 Positional graphics In this chapt
Page 149 and 150:
5.2 Anchors and layers In a previou
Page 151 and 152:
pab := pab cutafter (pab intersecti
Page 153 and 154:
fill p withcolor \MPcolor{lightgray
Page 155 and 156:
The previous example also demonstra
Page 157 and 158:
\setMPlayer [test] [somepos-1] [loc
Page 159 and 160:
6 Page backgrounds Especially in in
Page 161 and 162:
As soon as you want to make an elec
Page 163 and 164:
do_it (1,4,false) ; do_it (5,4,fals
Page 165 and 166:
gigigi Watch how the bounding boxes
Page 167 and 168:
You can test this concept yourself
Page 169 and 170:
StartPage ; fill Area[Text][Text] s
Page 171 and 172:
fi ; Main := Main enlarged 6pt ; pi
Page 173 and 174:
ulcorner Field[Text] [Text] -urcorn
Page 175 and 176:
The left picture demonstrates what
Page 177 and 178:
There are two more operators: inner
Page 179 and 180:
7 Shapes, symbols and buttons One c
Page 181 and 182:
Table 7.1 demonstrates how scratch
Page 183 and 184:
for i := 1 upto \MPvar{n} : xpos :=
Page 185 and 186:
This table is defined as: \bTABLE[f
Page 187 and 188:
Since we have collected some nice b
Page 189 and 190:
8 Special effects Sometimes we want
Page 191 and 192:
Because of this implementation, sha
Page 193 and 194:
test_shade(origin shifted (.25cm,0)
Page 195 and 196:
fill p shifted (3cm,0) withcolor .5
Page 197 and 198:
\definecolor [tred] [r=1,t=.5,a=exc
Page 199 and 200:
Figure 8.4 Another clipped cow. \pl
Page 201 and 202:
withpen pencircle scaled 4mm withco
Page 203 and 204:
Because this graphic is the result
Page 205 and 206:
The resulting PDF file can be inclu
Page 207 and 208:
Including another METAPOST graphic,
Page 209 and 210:
After these examples your are proba
Page 211 and 212:
In this graphic, we have two text f
Page 213 and 214:
} {}} Here we feed some MATHML int
Page 215 and 216:
9 Functions METAPOST provides a wid
Page 217 and 218:
9.2 Grids Some day you may want to
Page 219 and 220:
13 13 13 13 Figure 9.1 Quick and di
Page 221 and 222:
2 − ×10 1 − 1 0×100 Figure 9.
Page 223 and 224:
Figure 9.3 By using transparent col
Page 225 and 226:
There are enough applications out t
Page 227 and 228:
Of course we could extend this LUA
Page 229 and 230:
10 Typesetting in METAPOST It is sa
Page 231 and 232:
Meta is a female lion! Figure 10.2
Page 233 and 234:
We use the low level CONTEXT macro
Page 235 and 236:
So, now we have: M etaPostisFun! Wh
Page 237 and 238:
n := n + 1 ; len[n] := \the\wd\MPbo
Page 239 and 240:
ap := point at of RotPath ; ad := d
Page 241 and 242:
\startoverlay {\startuseMPgraphic{f
Page 243 and 244:
\startuseMPgraphic{text draw} draw
Page 245 and 246:
vsize := ypart urcorner p - ypart l
Page 247 and 248:
We are now ready for an attempt to
Page 249 and 250:
We can manipulate the heigth and de
Page 251 and 252:
\strutheight) ; % height of first l
Page 253 and 254:
w := h := 6cm ; o := 6pt ; path p ;
Page 255 and 256:
Donald Knuth has spent the past sev
Page 257 and 258:
Donald Knuth has spent the past sev
Page 259 and 260:
11 Debugging Those familiar with CO
Page 261 and 262:
4 3 5 2 6 1 0 7 8 You can pass opti
Page 263 and 264:
3 4 0 2 1 Of course you may want to
Page 265 and 266:
12 Defining styles Since the integr
Page 267 and 268:
color=gray, contrastcolor=gray, sty
Page 269 and 270:
def right_menu_button (expr nn, rr,
Page 271 and 272:
\Topic {Edward R. Tufte} \input tuf
Page 273 and 274:
A Few Nice Quotes A Simple Style De
Page 275 and 276:
13 A few applications For those who
Page 277 and 278:
vardef spring (expr a, b, w, h, n)
Page 279 and 280:
There is a numeric constant labelof
Page 281 and 282:
text text text text text text text
Page 283 and 284:
p := fullcircle scaled (2*length(lo
Page 285 and 286:
These definitions of anglebetween a
Page 287 and 288:
Because in most cases we want the l
Page 289 and 290:
γ δ β ɛ α ζ δ γ β ɛ metho
Page 291 and 292:
There are for sure more (efficient)
Page 293 and 294:
The next circle that we draw shows
Page 295 and 296:
popcurrentpicture ; enddef ; Here,
Page 297 and 298:
draw (u,i) -- (2u,i) withcolor .5wh
Page 299 and 300:
Figure 13.4 Koffka's examples of ma
Page 301 and 302:
\startbuffer[a] def start_everythin
Page 303 and 304:
pointC := circleA intersectionpoint
Page 305 and 306:
draw_basics ; draw_circles ; draw_i
Page 307 and 308:
Figure 13.6 Bisecting a line segmen
Page 309 and 310:
z1 = (0, height/2) ; z2 = (width/2-
Page 311 and 312:
The clipping path is applied by say
Page 313 and 314:
13.8 Music sheets The next example
Page 315 and 316:
The euro symbol A few applications
Page 317 and 318:
draw i withpen pencircle scaled 1pt
Page 319 and 320:
16 draw b withpen pencircle scaled
Page 321 and 322:
\startMPcode \includeMPgraphic{gamb
Page 323 and 324:
14 METAFUN macros CONTEXT comes wit
Page 325 and 326:
A METAPOST syntax In the METAFONT b
Page 327 and 328:
〈number or fraction〉 → 〈num
Page 329 and 330:
〈suffix〉 → 〈empty〉 | 〈s
Page 331 and 332:
〈assignment〉 → 〈variable〉
Page 333 and 334:
〈command〉 → clip 〈picture v
Page 335 and 336:
〈if test〉 → if 〈boolean exp
Page 337 and 338:
B This document This document is pr
Page 339 and 340:
C Reference C.1 Paths In this chapt
Page 341 and 342:
tension atleast numeric (0,0)..(.75
Page 343 and 344:
angle origin--dir(angle(1,1)) metap
Page 345 and 346:
circle bcircle metafun variable lci
Page 347 and 348:
path randomized numeric/pair unitsq
Page 349 and 350:
path stretched numeric/pair (fullci
Page 351 and 352:
path zscaled pair fullcircle zscale
Page 353 and 354:
path llenlarged numeric fullcircle
Page 355 and 356:
path urmoved numeric fullcircle urm
Page 357 and 358:
everse path reverse fullcircle shif
Page 359 and 360:
oundingbox path boundingbox fullcir
Page 361 and 362:
C.3 Points top pair top center full
Page 363 and 364:
C.4 Attributes withcolor rgbcolor w
Page 365 and 366:
draw draw fullcircle metapost macro
Page 367 and 368:
ounded linecap := rounded metapost
Page 369 and 370:
label.top label.top("MetaFun",origi
Page 371 and 372:
D Literature There is undoubtly mor
Page 373 and 374:
Index a anchoring 143, 145 angles 2
Page 376:
This document introduces you in the
show all

MetaFun - Pragma ADE

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?