Diabetes and Exercise: Why Exercise Works When Insulin Does Not

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Can we make a drug to activate AMPK leading toincreased glucose transport in skeletal muscle?<strong>Insulin</strong>ReceptorGlucosePPPPPMetforminPIRS-1Pp85-p110PI 3-KinaseAktGLUT4 TranslocationAMPK
Metformin- Single most prescribed oral antidiabetic drug in the U.S.- Cellular mechanism of action is unclear* Suppresses hepatic glucose production* Increases muscle glucose uptake* Inhibits Complex 1 of Respiratory Chain(Owen, Biochem J, 2000 <strong>and</strong> El-Mir, JBC, 2000)
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Diabetes and Exercise:Why Exercise
Page 3 and 4: Diabetes and Exercise:Why Exercise
Page 5 and 6: Type 1 Diabetes(juvenile-onset or i
Page 7 and 8: Diabetes Complications Leading caus
Page 9 and 10: Type 2 Diabetes is Reaching Epidemi
Page 11 and 12: Effect of Exercise on Blood Glucose
Page 13 and 14: Blood VesselGlucoseInsulinMuscle
Page 15 and 16: Skeletal Muscle Glucose UptakeType
Page 17 and 18: Glucose Transport System in Skeleta
Page 19 and 20: Exercise Regulation of Glucose Tran
Page 21 and 22: Insulin Regulation of Glucose Trans
Page 23 and 24: Contraction Stimulates GLUT4 Transl
Page 25 and 26: Contraction + Insulin have Additive
Page 27 and 28: What are the signaling mechanisms t
Page 29 and 30: Exercise and Insulin Regulate Gluco
Page 33 and 34: 5’AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (A
Page 35 and 36: What is the evidence that AMPK medi
Page 37 and 38: NH2COCCH2NNCHNOHOHHOHHHCH2OOOOP--NH
Page 39 and 40: AICAR + Contraction do not have Add
Page 41 and 42: SummarySkeletal Muscle Glucose Tran
Page 43 and 44: What is the physiological relevance
Page 45 and 46: Skeletal Muscle Biopsy from Human S
Page 47 and 48: Insulin-stimulated GLUT4 Translocat
Page 51 and 52: Exercise Increases AMPKα2 Activity
Page 53: Can we make a drug to activate AMPK
Page 57 and 58: Does the mechanism of Metformin act
Page 59 and 60: Effects of 4 and 10 Weeks of Metfor
Page 61 and 62: SummaryStudies in Human Subjects Ex
Page 63 and 64: Diabetes and Exercise:Why Exercise
Page 65 and 66: The Exercise Pill: AICAR
Page 67 and 68: Effects of AICAR Treatment andChron
Page 69 and 70: Benefits of Regular Physical Exerci
Page 71: Ho-Jin KohNobuharu FujiiHans Laurit
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Diabetes and Exercise: Why Exercise Works When Insulin Does Not

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