Tsujikawa, Phys. Rev. D 77, 023507 (2008)

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5-year WMAP data on >・ For the flat universe, constant :à 0.14 < 1+w
・No. BS-B4In the flat FLRW background, gravitational field equations read,ú eff , p eff: Effective energydensity andpressure from theterm f(R) à R・ Example : f(R) ∝ R n (n6=1)à2n 2 +3nà1a ∝ t q , q = nà2w eff = à 6n 2 à9n+3q > 16n 2 à7nà1[Capozziello, Carloni andTroisi, Recent Res. Dev.Astron. Astrophys. 1, 625(2003)]If , accelerated expansion can be realized.(For n =3/2 or n = à 1 , q =2 and w eff = à 2/3 .)
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Equation of state for dark energyin
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(1) General relativistic approach
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m à:mMMDistanceestimator::Apparent
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Canonical scalar field >⎧S þ =
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・In the flat FLRW background, gra
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Models of f(R) gravity (examples) >
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Data fitting of w(z) >zw(z)=w 0 + w
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w DEw DE = à 1< Cosmological evolu
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II. Future crossing of the phantom
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Future evolutions of 1+w DE as func
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III. Equation of state for dark ene
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Combined f(T) theory >No. 25u(> 0):
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A. Non-local gravity< Action >g =de
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・In the flat FLRW space-time, we
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・The finite-time future singulari
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・We estimate the present valueof
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Future evolutions of H as functions
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・・In the future ( ), the crossi
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Conditions for the viability of f(R
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We solve Equations (1) and (2) by i
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Equation of state for (the componen
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No. 32We consider only non-relativi
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Gravitational field equations in th
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・By using and ,No. 39・We take a
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Future crossing of the phantom divi
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B. Relations between the model para
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IV. Effective equation of state for
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(2) Extension of gravitational theo
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Conditions for the viability of f(R
Page 62 and 63: (5) Existence of a matter-dominated
Page 64 and 65: Conclusions of Sec. II >・We have
Page 66 and 67: Conclusions of Sec. IV >No. 64・
Page 68 and 69: ・We assume the flat FLRW space-ti
Page 70 and 71: No. 45p =0.001p =0.01p = à 0.1p =0
Page 72 and 73: (b). Logarithmic f(T) theory >No. 4
Page 74 and 75: The best-fit values >No. 42The mini
Page 76 and 77: (4) Solar system constraintsf(R) gr
Page 78 and 79: (4) Stability of the late-time de S
Page 80 and 81: Data fitting of w(z) (3) >No. B-7Fr
Page 82 and 83: Bekenstein-Hawking entropy on the a
Page 84 and 85: Hu-Sawicki modelStarobinsky’s mod
Page 86 and 87: (a). Exponential f(T) theory >No. 1
Page 88 and 89: (c). Combined f(T) theory >No. 16
Page 90 and 91: p : Constantú Mand P M : Energy de
Page 92 and 93: IV. Effective equation of state for
Page 94 and 95: ・It is known that the finite-time
Page 96 and 97: Other models >No. A-10・Appleby-Ba
Page 98 and 99: w effNo. A-13< Cosmological evoluti
Page 100 and 101: Cosmological evolutions of , and in
Page 102 and 103: Initial conditions >Models of (i),
Page 104 and 105: No. A-21・・ By examining the cos
Page 106 and 107: No. A-23
Page 108 and 109: Second law of thermodynamics >[KB a
Page 110 and 111: Residuals for the best fit to a fla
Page 114 and 115: Appendix B
Page 116 and 117: Recent work >No. B-3[Martinelli, Me
Page 118: (5) Existence of a matter-dominated
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Tsujikawa, Phys. Rev. D 77, 023507 (2008)

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