Malawi NI 43-101 - December 2011 - Gold Canyon Resources Inc.

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36The ion-adsorption REE deposits can only be processed chemically.Extraction is by ion exchange using a variety of common chemicals such as thesulphate, nitrate or chloride of ammonium, which provide the NH 4+ cations toreplace REE ions, but Na+, K+ and other cations are also effective. The REEmay be extracted by batch-leaching, by heap-leaching or can be extracted by insitu leaching (“ISR”). The leached REE are commonly recovered from theleachate by precipitation with oxalic acid or ammonium bicarbonate.The principal features of the ion-adsorption REE deposits are summarizedbelow1 The REE deposits are soils developed in tropical areas with high rainfall bylong-continued weathering, generally on granite bedrock.2 Much of the REE is derived from weathered accessory minerals, naturallyleached by ground waters in the upper soils (A layer) and redeposited at greaterdepth where it is loosely bound to clays, generally in the B soil layer but also inthe C layer.3 Although ion-adsorption deposits vary in their composition of individual REE,they tend to have a distinctly different distribution than other sources such ascarbonatites, with less light REE, and higher proportions of the valuable mid-REEand heavy REE. They also often have a Ce deficiency and a smaller Eudeficiency.4 REE grades are low (0.05-0.35 % total RE oxide), but the soils can be minedby relatively inexpensive shallow surface excavations or by in situ recovery.5 In contrast to other types of REE deposits, which commonly require complexand expensive processing, REE in ion-adsorption deposits can be extracted bysimple leaching of common chemicals. The amount recoverable is commonly 60to 90% of the total REE in the soil.
376 U and Th, which are generally associated with REE deposits of other types,are typically very low in the soils of ion-adsorption REE deposits and of this lowU and Th in the soil only a small percentage reports to the leach solution.Mt Pass Bayan Obo Mt Weld Longnan Xunwu10000010000100010010La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu YFigure 11 Chondrite-normalized REE distributions of REE from REE deposits inChina , Australia and USA. Chondrite values from Anders and Grevesse (1989)x 1.36 (volatile-free CI chondrite). Longnan and Xunwu are important ionadsorptionREE mines in Jiangxi Province, China (grades are poorly known).Mountain Pass is an important bastnäsite mine in carbonatite in California.Bayan Obo REE Mine in China is the largest REE deposit in the World, withdebated origin but probably carbonatite-related ?. Mt Weld is an undevelopedREE deposit derived by secondary enrichment from a carbonatite in Australia.Note steep smooth curves for carbonatite-related deposits, flatter REEdistributions for ionic deposits and Ce and Eu deficiencies.
Page 1 and 2: Geological reporton theCHAMBE BASIN
Page 3 and 4: 3List of FigurespageFig 1 Relations
Page 5 and 6: 51 SUMMARYProperty Description Cham
Page 7 and 8: 7Relationships between companies in
Page 9 and 10: 9Figure 3. More detailed map of Mal
Page 11 and 12: 11(b) Purpose of reportAccording to
Page 13 and 14: Figure 8 General geology of the Mul
Page 15 and 16: 154 PROPERTY DESCRIPTION AND LOCATI
Page 17 and 18: 17JOGMEC to Spring Stone Limited by
Page 19 and 20: 19be required, and also a “Licenc
Page 21 and 22: 21(d) Climate, length of operating
Page 23 and 24: 23(c) Significant historical minera
Page 25 and 26: 25The following year, on May 22-23
Page 27 and 28: Table 2 Samples collected by J. Ish
Page 29 and 30: Table 4 REE analyses of 3 leached s
Page 31 and 32: Table 6 REE recovered from leach li
Page 33 and 34: 337D Individual REE composition of
Page 35: 35(such as apatite or the barium al
Page 39 and 40: 9 EXPLORATIONReconnaissance samples
Page 41 and 42: 41(c) Quality control procedures.Th
Page 43 and 44: 43leach gives much lower values (se
Page 45 and 46: TABLE 9 Analyses of REE in 3 Ishika
Page 47 and 48: CHA-4ppm20015010050ISHMINPCL0La Ce
Page 49 and 50: Table 11 Results of leaching REE fr
Page 51 and 52: Table 14 Soils analyzed by Ishikawa
Page 53 and 54: 53Table 14 c REE leached from soil
Page 55 and 56: 4 Nature of soilsTwo samples (E6869
Page 57 and 58: 57Figure 15. Photomicrograph of sam
Page 59 and 60: Figure 17. Xray diffraction scan of
Page 61 and 62: 61Figure 19. Polished slab 40 mm lo
Page 63 and 64: 63Figure 21 Photomicrograph of syen
Page 65 and 66: 65profiles have well developed lowe
Page 67 and 68: 67transporting material and people
Page 69 and 70: 69boundaries. Pits and trenches wil
Page 71 and 72: 71REFERENCESAnders, E., Grevesse, N
Page 73 and 74: -lDATE AND SIGNATURE PAGEl, Peter C
Page 75 and 76: VA11171150 - FinalizedCLIENT : MICG
Page 77 and 78: ME-MS81 ME-MS81 ME-MS81 ME-MS81 ME-
Page 79 and 80: 5 TOT-ICP06SAMPLE TotalDESCRIPT%E68
Page 81 and 82: VA11176930 - FinalizedCLIENT : MICG
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ME-MS04 ME-MS04 ME-MS04 ME-MS04 ME-
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77APPENDIX 3XRAY DIFFRACTION SCANSS
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[56.MDI] 56SCAN: 4.0/70.0/0.05/1(se
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Materials Data, Inc.[XRD] Thursday,
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Materials Data, Inc.[XRD] Thursday,
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Malawi NI 43-101 - December 2011 - Gold Canyon Resources Inc.

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