LITERATURE AND NATION IN THE MIDDLE EAST

indexTibawi, A. L., 131Tirman, John, 196, 199Toury, Gideon, norm theory of translation, 101translation, 9–10choice of texts, 102–4Jewish national identity and, 10, 100, 103–8, 187and nation-building, 100–1polysystem theory of, 100–1preliminary norms, 102–5, 108reaction norms, 105–6reviews of, 105, 106–7Trumpeldor, Joseph, 117–18, 120–2, 124, 126nTsirkas, Stratis (Iannis Hadjiandreas), 184–5Drifting Cities, 185Nourredin Bomba, 185Tucker, Martin, 192Tunisia, 185–6Tuqan, Fadwa, 225Turkey, 180, 181Turkish language, 180Umm Nizar, Iraqi nationalist poet, 214–15Unshudat al-majd (‘The Song of Glory’),214, 215Umma Party, liberal nationalism of, 134UN General AssemblyResolution 181, 75nResolution 194, 32, 46n‘unisonality’, 5, 11United Nations, 214–15United States, 93–5, 184al-ÆUrayyid, Ibrahim, 183Vance, Eugene, on Chanson de Roland, 23–4Voltaire, Candide, 45–6Wafd Party, 135, 160nWatani Party, 134–5weddingsPalestinian oral poetry duel at, 17–18, 22,25role of saff (male participants), 17, 21, 23,25, 27sahrah (groom’s celebration), 17, 21, 23,25, 27–8womenemancipation in Egypt, 135and Islamic social conventions, 140–3Palestinian, 47n, 64, 65–6as (passive) symbol of land, 49–50, 58, 66,73as poets, 213in Sudan, 167, 171, 172Yaari, Meir, 118Yacine, Kateb, 182Yahuda, Avraham Shalom Yehezkel, 104Yakhlif, Yahya, A Lake Beyond the Wind(novel), 63al-Yaziji, Ibrahim, tanabbahu wa-stafiqu ayyuhaal-Æarab, 208Yemen, oral poetry, 25Zaghlul, SaÆd, 145Zandbank, Shimon, translator, 107–8Zaydan, Jurji, 12Zerubavel, Yael, 121–2Zionism, 79, 100, 121heroic ideals of, 111–14, 115–16, 118–19and Jewish population of Palestine, 110–11and view of Palestine, 101–2Zionist Congress (First), Basel (1897), 34, 35—264 —www.taq.ir