Status Report on Global Neem Usage - Gtz

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FOREWORDForeword for the 2 nd EditionDuring the five years since its first publication the “<strong>Status</strong> <strong>Report</strong> on global Neem Usage” hasgained considerable popularity and demand. This can be seen from the fact that the reportprepared by Gerald Moser on behalf of GTZ’s Pesticide Service Project with experiencedinput and assistance of my colleagues Dr. Irmgard Hoeschle-Zélédon and Dr. CarstenHellpap, is frequently cited in various publications and that similar questionnaires andresearch has been carried out later elsewhere.Although some people expected that with the termination of the former long time runner“Neem Project” (cf 4) the neem activities will decline, there has been an amazing boom ofinterest on this topic in the last 4 years, indicated by the facts that• GTZ is receiving constantly a high number of inquiries every year on and relatd to neem• several other TC organisation have recently started to work on neem• commercial neem pesticides are offered in a wide number of countries, both in industrialand what is most important, also in developing countries.etc.Despite this obvious demand for information and technical assistance from a wide range ofinterested organisation covering all social levels, ranging from UN organisations via entrepreneursto community groups, the obvious positive impact of this service and the stillexisting huge gab between the potentials of the neem tree and its practical usage, the agriculturaldivision of GTZ decided, due to the change of its policy, to close down this activities,at least on supra-regional level and to consider neem activities on bi-lateral level only. Forthe near future GATE of GTZ will be in charge for assisting any people from developingcountry interested in neem as part of its Question & Answer Service.This report summarises the information provided by the respondents of the questionnaire in1996 but also all the information provided in an often constructive and long time lastingdialogue by all the of neem workers and activists in a wide range of developing countries andTC organisations.Beside the still valid results of the questionnaire carried out in 95/96 and an up-date of the listof neem projects, we add in the 2 nd edition a chapter on quality management which turnedout to me one of the most decisive factors of successful neem projects. Additionally we discussedthe economy of neem pesticides. Unfortunately only few investigations addressedthis aspect of neem processing and very few data is available on this important aspect.Future activities should emphasis this aspect of neem application and should consider shortand long time effects of neem in farming systems.Moreover we extent the list of references by a list of proceedings of conferences and workshopsand publications of GTZ staff which are related to specific aspects of neem usage.It gave me a great pleasure to be part of this often fruitful information exchange and I wouldlike to thank you all for your contributions during the last 5 years!Peter FoersterMay, 2000, GTZ3
SUMMARYSummaryThis study report aims to provide an overview of the current status of neem usage throughoutthe world, its key focus being on the use of neem as a non-synthetic pesticide. Those projectswith neem components conducted to date by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für TechnischeZusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH and those projects by other organisations and institutionswhich concentrate on neem as a key area of activity are taken as a basis on which to presentthe various methods and technological approaches as well as the problems involved in theusage and acceptance of neem.This summary is designed to provide a brief overview of the key results obtained in the study:The neem tree is found in no less than 78 countries world-wide and is used in a further nine.The overall global occurrence is estimated at somewhere between 64 to 91 million trees,whereby South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa constitute the main areas of distribution.The neem tree has been used for over 3000 years, the following forms of usage beingcommon in more than 50 countries: natural pesticide, planting and afforestation as shadetrees and to protect against erosion, medicinal plants.The greatest potential for use focuses on the various neem-tree components, in particularthe seeds or their contents as natural pesticides. Both simple home-made insecticides andready-to-use, neem-based pesticides are applied. Until the mid of the nineties, home-madeinsecticides were the most wide spread and are used either directly in the form of raw materialsor as simple aqueous extracts. The farmers mainly obtain the requisite raw materialfrom the seeds of their own neem trees or from trees in the surroundings.Pesticides formulated on a neem-basis are offered meanwhile in many markets. During thelast 5 years a range of small and middle-sized producers has started production and marketingin industrialized, after having taken the often time consuming required registrationprocedures. In USA we have observed an concentration process aiming to offer alternativepest control packages including neem as a fungicide, out from one hand.However also in developing countries a range of entrepreneurs started manufacturing neembased pesticides. Currently in India 10 production units of reliable quality products are set up.From a technical point of view, they no longer pose any serious production problems.Neem's economic efficiency as a pesticide is predominantly determined by the price of theseeds. In countries where neem is endemic, the prices range from between US$ 0.05 to1.60 per kg of dried seed. In most countries, the cost of seeds needed to treat a hectare offield crops once are between US$ 5.00 to US$ 20.00. When assessing the economic efficiencyof neem, care should be taken not to overlook the fact that other by-products can beobtained and marketed, thus considerably enhancing neem's overall profitability.Neem is used successfully as a pesticide in a wide range of crops and against numerouspests but most of all in vegetables, ornamentals and fruits.4
Page 2 and 3: iviDivision 45Rural DevelopmentWork
Page 4 and 5: Table of ContentsPageForeword for t
Page 8 and 9: SUMMARYIndeed, neem has been effect
Page 10 and 11: 2. GLOBAL NEEM DISSEMINATION AND US
Page 26 and 27: 3. NEEM AS A NON-SYNTHETIC PESTICID
Page 48 and 49: 4. NEEM IN DEVELOPMENT-COOPERATION
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4. NEEM IN DEVELOPMENT-COOPERATION
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5. PROSPECTS AND POSSIBILITIES FOR
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6. OUTLOOK6. OutlookIn many develop
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ANNEXAnnex103
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ANNEX14 OSTERMANN, H.: Zur Wirtscha
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ANNEX41 GRUNEWALD, J. & A. VOLLMER
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ANNEXGERRITS, R., VAN LATUM, E., (1
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ANNEXList of addresses of those org
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ANNEX- Coopération de Soyo, Martin
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ANNEXList of Publications on Neem o
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ANNEXHELLPAP, C. & DREYER, M. (1995
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ANNEXInternational Institute of Tro
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ANNEXSOMBATSIRI, K., ERMEL, K. & SC
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