4. NEEM IN DEVELOPMENT-COOPERATION PROJECTSOther external projects: The counterpart organisati<strong>on</strong>s included various NGOs such as theCentro Manabita de Desarrollo Comunitario (CEMADEC) in Ecuador, the Gami Seva Sevana(GSS) in Sri Lanka and the Niger Caritas in Niger (cf. 4.2, Ecuador and Sri Lanka).These counterpart organisati<strong>on</strong>s helped to apply in the given regi<strong>on</strong>s the experience andknowledge c<strong>on</strong>cerning the disseminati<strong>on</strong> and usage of neem as a n<strong>on</strong>-synthetic pesticidegained at GTZ Head Office and the field stati<strong>on</strong>. Here again, numerous field trials werec<strong>on</strong>ducted into the possible uses and dosages of various neem products.Literature:HELLPAP, C. (1989). Insect pest c<strong>on</strong>trol with natural substances from the neem tree, Proceedings7th Internati<strong>on</strong>al C<strong>on</strong>ference of the Internati<strong>on</strong>al Federati<strong>on</strong> of OrganicAgricultural Movements (IFOAM), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, 2. - 7. January 1989HELLPAP, C. (1989). Possibilities and problems of the utilizati<strong>on</strong> of neem products in pestc<strong>on</strong>trol in tropical and subtropical countries, Proceedings of the Internati<strong>on</strong>al Symposiumof the Deutschen Landwirtschafts-Gesellschaft about Integrated Pest Managementin Tropical and Subtropical Cropping Systems, Bad Dürkheim, 8. - 15.Februar 1989DREYER, M. & HELLPAP, C. (1991). <strong>Neem</strong> - a promising natural insecticide for small scalevegetable producti<strong>on</strong> in tropical and subtropical countries. J. of Plant Dis. and Prot. 98(4), 428-437HELLPAP, C. (1992) a) Potential and problems of natural pesticides, b) steps for developingbotanical pesticides, c) quality requirements, processing of plant material, extracti<strong>on</strong>technology and formulati<strong>on</strong>, d) registrati<strong>on</strong> and socioec<strong>on</strong>omics of botanicals, e) theneem tree as a model of botanical insecticides, Workshop <strong>on</strong> bio/botanical pesticidedevelopment, United Nati<strong>on</strong>s Industrial Development Organizati<strong>on</strong>, Bangkok, Thailand11 - 18 December 1991HELLPAP, C. & DREYER, M. (1995). The Smallholder's Home-made Products. In:H. Schmutterer (Ed.) The <strong>Neem</strong> Tree, Source of Unique Products for Integrated PestManagement, Medicine, Industry and Other Purposes, 367-375, VCH, WeinheimCONTACT:carsten.hellpap@gtz.de, GTZ/GATE, PO Box 5180, 65726 EschbornPesticide Service ProjectTime frame: 1994-1999Short descripti<strong>on</strong> of the project: Supraregi<strong>on</strong>al project geared to disseminating the variouspossible types of usage to which the neem tree can be put, especially that as a n<strong>on</strong>-syntheticinsecticide and to offer backstopping for all projects working in that field.Project objective: To promote the applicati<strong>on</strong> of lower-risk alternatives to synthetic pesticidesin developing countries.45
4. NEEM IN DEVELOPMENT-COOPERATION PROJECTSKey project activities: development of c<strong>on</strong>cepts in cooperati<strong>on</strong> with small entrepreneurs,projects and NGOs in several countries <strong>on</strong> manufacturing and applying simple neemproducts; disseminati<strong>on</strong> and promoti<strong>on</strong> of know-how c<strong>on</strong>cerning the correct use of neemam<strong>on</strong>g farmers and interested instituti<strong>on</strong>s in developing countries, support of the workinggroup neem analysis; c<strong>on</strong>ducting fact-finding and feasibility studies <strong>on</strong> the possible use ofneem, socio-ec<strong>on</strong>omic studies <strong>on</strong> neem manufacturing, and create awareness <strong>on</strong> the advantagesof neemTarget group: entrepreneurs, NGO, decisi<strong>on</strong> makers, extensi<strong>on</strong> workers and farmers in developingcountries.Literature:BRODESSER, J. (1998): Collaborative Study for the Determinati<strong>on</strong> of Azadirachtin A in<strong>Neem</strong> Seed Kernels, Aqueous Formulati<strong>on</strong> and oil. 19 pp. GTZ.FOERSTER, P. (1998): Standardisati<strong>on</strong> of Analytical Methods for <strong>Neem</strong> based Products –latest Developments. In: Kleeber, H. & CP Zebitz (eds): Practice oriented Results <strong>on</strong>Use and Producti<strong>on</strong> of <strong>Neem</strong> Ingredients and Pherom<strong>on</strong>es, Proceed. of the 8th WS,1998. Trifolio, Germany. 47-54.FOERSTER, P. (1998): Activities and Experience with the Use of <strong>Neem</strong> Tree. In: The Potentialsof the <strong>Neem</strong> Tree in Ghana, Proceedings of a Seminar, Dodowa, Ghana, 75-92.FOERSTER, P. (1999): Development Process of a Small-Scale <strong>Neem</strong> Processing Plant:Experiences of a GTZ Project in Kenya, In: Stoll, G. (1999): Natural Crop Protecti<strong>on</strong>in the Tropics – Let in Informati<strong>on</strong> come to Life, Verlag Markgraf, Weikersheim, 400 p.FOERSTER, P. (1999): Registrati<strong>on</strong> Requirements for <strong>Neem</strong> Based Pesticides in SelectedCountries. In: Proceedings of the Internati<strong>on</strong>al <strong>Neem</strong> C<strong>on</strong>ference, Vancouver, May19th-21th, Canada, in pressFOERSTER, P., HELLPAP, C. & WILPS, H. (1999): Activities of the Deutsche Gesellschaftfür Technische Zusammenarbeit – GTZ*1 in the field of <strong>Neem</strong> (Azadirachta indica,Juss), In: Proceedings of the Internati<strong>on</strong>al <strong>Neem</strong> C<strong>on</strong>ference, Vancouver, May 19th-21st, Canada, in press.MOSER, G. (1996): <str<strong>on</strong>g>Status</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Report</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>on</strong> <strong>Global</strong> <strong>Neem</strong> <strong>Usage</strong>. 39 pp.CONTACT: doris.guenther@gtz.de, pietfoerster@hotmail.comPO Box 5180, 65726 Eschborn,FAO <strong>Neem</strong> Forestry NetworkEstablished in 1994 collaborative partners of 22 countries are participating in the <strong>Neem</strong> forestrynetwork. The main activities were surveying and documenting seeds sources, pilotseed collecti<strong>on</strong> and exchange and training for this.1 German Technical Cooperati<strong>on</strong>46
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5. PROSPECTS AND POSSIBILITIES FOR
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6. OUTLOOK6. OutlookIn many develop
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ANNEXAnnex103
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ANNEX14 OSTERMANN, H.: Zur Wirtscha
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ANNEX41 GRUNEWALD, J. & A. VOLLMER
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ANNEXGERRITS, R., VAN LATUM, E., (1
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ANNEXList of addresses of those org
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ANNEX- Coopération de Soyo, Martin
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ANNEXList of Publications on Neem o
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ANNEXHELLPAP, C. & DREYER, M. (1995
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ANNEXInternational Institute of Tro
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ANNEXSOMBATSIRI, K., ERMEL, K. & SC