Status Report on Global Neem Usage - Gtz

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3. NEEM AS A NON-SYNTHETIC PESTICIDEfactor is that neem very often grows in disadvantaged dry regions where there are very fewopportunities for work or earning an income. Specific promotion of the use of neem leads to ademand for its raw materials, which can generate additional income. This constitutes apositive development due to neem in such disadvantaged regions.(SOURCE: own studies and evaluations, 34 - 37)3.5 Current Uses of Neem as a PesticideIn practice three types of pesticide are employed: simple, "home-made" insecticides, halffinishedproducts and ready-to-use neem-based pesticides (3, 5-7, 30).Table 3.5:Overview of the various technologies involved in the usage of neem as apesticideSimpleapproach:Technological approach Part used Form of application• Home-madeinsecticides• Direct usage ofraw materials∗ Seed powder∗ Oil∗ Press cakeScattering, soil additive, stockprotectionULV, stock protectionSoil additive, stock protection+ ∗ Leaves Soil additive, stock protection,repellentProcessed tohalf-finishedproductsMore advancedapproach:• Formulatedpesticides• Simple aqueousextract∗ Seed powder∗ Press cake∗ Leaves• Oil-water emulsion ∗ Oil (+emulsfier)SpraySpraySpraySpray• Alcoholic extracts ∗ Seeds Spray∗ Oil∗ Press cakeSpraySpray- Home-made insecticidesThe basic technology and know-how needed for home-made insecticides are simple and canbe learned easily by the users (7). The farmers can do everything themselves, from plantingthe trees to applying the raw materials harvested later on (7).If neem trees are available, the following steps are required to produce and use an aqueousextract:33
3. NEEM AS A NON-SYNTHETIC PESTICIDE1. Harvest/collect neem fruit2. Remove pulp3. Dry seeds4. Grind seeds5. Mix aqueous extract6. Sieve aqueous extract7. Apply aqueous extract(In many areas in Africa and Asia, birds and fruit bats facilitate the first two steps. They feedon the pulp and spit out the seeds around the tree; the seeds can then be easily collected.)50 g of ground neem seeds are used per litre of water which means that around 10 to 20 kgof neem seeds are needed for one treatment of one hectare of field crops. Since a matureneem tree can yield between 5 and 50 kg of seeds a year, acquiring neem seeds does notusually pose a problem.This simple technology could without doubt be an important plant-protection method in manytropical, semi-arid areas. On the one hand, it is a method that is readily available locally, and,on the other, it has the potential to replace synthetic chemical pesticides. Farmers would nothave to spend their limited financial resources on synthetic pesticides, and at the same timewould not be exposed to the health risks associated with their use. This approach isparticularly expedient and most definitely to be recommended for the many small-scale farmswhich supply the (limited) local markets with fruit, vegetables and basic foodstuffs especiallyin remote areas.Half-finished products are based on “home-made” pesticides but require additional processingsteps such as packing and basic standardisation. They are marketed commerciallyin small units. Dividing labour time and costs in this way (preparing the raw material andpreparing half-finished neem pesticides) means that neem products can be distributed toregions where the neem tree does not grow but where there is nevertheless a demand for itsbenefits. This would be a good way of supplying a lot of vegetable-cropping areas at highaltitudes in the tropics with a very effective pesticide. At the same time, the people in thelowlands, where the neem-tree grows, would have a chance to benefit from the incomegenerated by vegetable production and to diversify their income.This type of home-made pesticide is also being exported to Europe where it is currentlymostly used in private homes and small gardens. Export opportunities of this kind give cooperativesand small entrepreneurs the chance to establish local neem markets, because theexport market provides income and employment in the local “off season”.The most popular semi-finished neem product is crushed vacuum-packed neem seeds inquality plastic bags. Sealing should prevent moisture and air from penetrating into the bag.The vacuum-packing should not be too strong, however, because the high pressure maymake the crushed material clod like a stone. Raw-material packed in this way can be storedat a lower temperature (between 10 and 25 °C) in a dark, dry place with constant ambient34
Page 2 and 3: iviDivision 45Rural DevelopmentWork
Page 4 and 5: Table of ContentsPageForeword for t
Page 6 and 7: FOREWORDForeword for the 2 nd Editi
Page 8 and 9: SUMMARYIndeed, neem has been effect
Page 10 and 11: 2. GLOBAL NEEM DISSEMINATION AND US
Page 26 and 27: 3. NEEM AS A NON-SYNTHETIC PESTICID
Page 48 and 49: 4. NEEM IN DEVELOPMENT-COOPERATION
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4. NEEM IN DEVELOPMENT-COOPERATION
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5. PROSPECTS AND POSSIBILITIES FOR
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6. OUTLOOK6. OutlookIn many develop
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ANNEXAnnex103
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ANNEX14 OSTERMANN, H.: Zur Wirtscha
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ANNEX41 GRUNEWALD, J. & A. VOLLMER
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ANNEXGERRITS, R., VAN LATUM, E., (1
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ANNEXList of addresses of those org
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ANNEX- Coopération de Soyo, Martin
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ANNEXList of Publications on Neem o
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ANNEXHELLPAP, C. & DREYER, M. (1995
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ANNEXInternational Institute of Tro
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ANNEXSOMBATSIRI, K., ERMEL, K. & SC
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Status Report on Global Neem Usage - Gtz

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