Status Report on Global Neem Usage - Gtz
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Status Report on Global Neem Usage - Gtz

Status Report on Global Neem Usage - Gtz Status Report on Global Neem Usage - Gtz

www2.gtz.de
12.07.2015 Views

2. GLOBAL NEEM DISSEMINATION AND USAGEpesticides. In all other countries, commercial neem products account for only a modest shareof the market.Seen globally, neem-based pesticides are already the most important commercial neemproducts.21

3. NEEM AS A NON-SYNTHETIC PESTICIDE3. Neem as a Non-synthetic Pesticide3.1 Historical Importance of Neem as a Non-synthetic PesticideIn comparison to the traditional, centuries-old neem applications, the use of neem as a nonsyntheticpesticide is a relatively new one, although one exception here is stock protectionusing neem oil and leaves, which has been practised on the Indian subcontinent for manycenturies (2, 13, 15, 19).Neem’s insect-repellent effect was first described by Indian researchers in the 1920s.Greater recognition was granted to the observations made by the German entomologistHeinrich Schmutterer at the end of the 1950s in Sudan who described how huge swarms oflocusts swept over the country destroying every type of plant but the neem tree. There had tobe a reason for this phenomenon and intensive research was conducted into the possibleinsecticidal agents in the neem tree. Since then, numerous research projects in India, initiatedby Germany and the USA as well as some other industrialised countries, have illustratedneem’s multifaceted potential for use as a pesticide (2, 13, 15-21, 24).In recent years, know-how stemming from this comprehensive research into neem has increasinglyfound its way into TC projects. As a result, knowledge about the neem tree and itsinsecticidal properties has been disseminated in many countries throughout Africa, Asia andLatin America. It is significant that in many countries in which neem has now been commonplacefor a long time, the potential for its usage as an environmentally friendly pesticide isvery great indeed, but by no means fully exploited (3, 5, 7, 8, 11).3.2 How Does Neem Work?Numerous research results have shown that neem and its components have a variety ofeffects on pests (2, 13, 15-21, 24). More than 140 active principles (MORGAN 1999,Vancouver Int. Neem Conf.) have been identified to date which occur in different parts of thetree. The most important agents include the azadirachtin derivatives, which belong to thegroup of triterpenoids. Azadirachtins are among the most effective known insecticides andare found in greatest concentrations in the seed core (0.1 - 0.9%). 30 - 60 g azadirachtin perhectare suffice to combat and repel the key biting and sucking pests (5, 7).Besides its effect on insects, neem can also be used to control nematodes, phytopathogenicfungi, spider mites and snails (2, 13, 15, 19).Below are neem’s key forms of application as a pesticide (13, 15, 19):• Use as an insecticideNeem’s usage as an insecticide is the most widespread and widely researched. Its insecticidaleffect is known to work in various ways:22

2. GLOBAL NEEM DISSEMINATION AND USAGEpesticides. In all other countries, commercial neem products account for <strong>on</strong>ly a modest shareof the market.Seen globally, neem-based pesticides are already the most important commercial neemproducts.21

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