2011 Buyers' Guide 2011 Buyers' Guide - International Fiber Journal

Testing | GAEDCARBON NAMECHARACTERISTIC POLYNOMIAL 3RD DEGREEcarbon and x is the e/4.6 adsorption potentialenergy in calories/cc.(Z-261)(Z-262)(Z-263)(Z-264)(Z-265)BPL Coal-base gas phaseBG-HHM - wood baseCAL Coal-base liquid phasePCB coconut-basenine polynomials describe these carbonsamples found in the table above.y = -1.4061E-04x3 + 3.0404E-04x2 – 2.8492E-02x + 1.1937E+00y = -1.1996E-04x3 – 3.9412E-04x2 – 2.5904E-02x + 1.1822E+00y = -1.6720E-04x3 + 5.2740E-04x2 – 2.9654E-02x + 1.2156E+00y = -5.4882E-05x3 – 1.8025E-03x2 – 2.0085E-02x + 1.1150E+00y = -3.0650E-04x3 + 2.8291E-03x2 – 4.1960E-02x + 1.2577E+00y = 5.8955E-05x3 – 2.8880E-03x2 – 2.6182E-02x + 1.7029E+00y = -6.3875E-05x3 + 2.5948E-03x2 – 1.1114E-01x + 2.0183E+00y = 3.5299E-05x3 – 1.8375E-03x2 – 4.0325E-02x + 1.6682E+00y = 5.6334E-05x3 – 3.0968E-03x2 – 1.3312E-02x + 1.6731E+00In these equations, y is the commonlogarithm of pore volume in cc/100 g22 • August 2010 • www.filtnews.comISOTHERMS FOR TARGET COMPOUNDSThe GAED polynomials derived fromthe characteristic curves are also translatedinto adsorption isotherms.Isotherms are useful to provide the adsorbateloading on the specific carbon ing per 100 g carbon. Isotherms provide a“GO” or “NO GO” decision for a carbonapplication by indicating if the contaminantultimate equilibrium loading capacityis high enough to be cost-effective.Also GAED isotherms provide comparisonof the different carbon samples relativeperformances and the amount ofcarbon needed for an application.Other testing shows that in the aqueousadsorption isotherms for methyl-tertiarybutylether (MTBE), the benzeneisotherms, and the phenol isotherms inwater at pH ≤ 7; MTBE is weakly adsorbed,benzene more strongly adsorbed,and phenol is the most strongly adsorbedof the three compounds on carbon.These three compounds cover the absorptivityrange on carbon. The GAEDmethod enables other compounds adsorptionperformance to be calculatedusing the Polanyi Characteristic Polynomial.GAED can provide vapor-phaseisotherms as well as aqueous-phaseisotherms presented here.Isotherms for four standard carbonsare also presented in GAED reporting.Some benchmarks are Coal-Wood- andCoconut-based commercial carbon samples.It is important to run known standardcarbons with each batch of samplesto assure the analytical process is withinits statistical control limits. Running standardsalso provides a way to comparesamples to benchmark carbon products.The GAED allows other compoundsof interest to be compared for the samplesand carbon standards. This is illustratedfor 1,1,1-trichloroethane atype V carbon application. All of theapplications can be put into six types.Type V is a trace contaminant groundwater pump-and-treat application. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane performance on the ninecarbons are shown using bar graphs. (See