e-learning readiness - Asia Pacific Region - Open University Malaysia

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Meanwhile, the Internet has been employed to successfully impart newknowledge and information (informal learning) via community-basedprojects. As of December 2003, there were 73 projects under theDemonstrator Applications Grant Scheme (DAGS) in Malaysia. Examplesare e-Bario (http://www.unimas.my/ebario/), Nutriweb(http://nutriweb.org.my/), e-Pekak (http://www.epekak.net.my), TheMalaysian Monarchy (http://www.malaysianmonarchy.org.my/),Reproductive Health of Adolescents (http://www.e-rham.com/), ARBECBiodiversity (http://www.arbec.com.my/), Cybercare(http://www.cybercare.org.my) and Agritani(http://www.taninet.com.my).Other more recent developments include the preparation andimplementation of an ICT roadmap. The roadmap is expected to be readyin 2005 and will be tabled at the meeting of the National InformationTechnology Council (NITC), chaired by Prime Minister Datuk SeriAbdullah Ahmad Badawi. Key to the implementation of the roadmap isthe inclusion of all communities, thus minimizing their chances of beingmarginalized in the digital age (Kasim, 2004).The much-anticipated National Broadband Plan is also expected to kickoff in late 2004. The plan was initiated by the Energy, Water andCommunications Ministry and it aims to achieve a critical mass of 1.2million broadband subscribers through national projects such asSchoolNet, eGovernment, Malaysia Research and Education Network(MyREN) and telemedicine. The SchoolNet project will provide a highspeed,always-on networking infrastructure to enable students andteachers to conduct online collaboration, prepare teaching materials andshare documents. The project will link about 10,000 schools by the firstquarter of 2005. Minister Datuk Sri Dr. Lim Keng Yaik was reported tohave said that broadband penetration should be at 50 percent of thepopulation if Malaysia is to be a developed country by 2020. Thegovernment’s immediate target is to increase the country’s broadbandpenetration rate from two percent of the population to five percent in 2006and 10 percent in 2008, that is, when industry players are expected to rollout infrastructure at the last mile (Sani, 2004).According to a report by Foo (2004) more will be invested in setting upRural Internet Centres (RICs) throughout the nation as a result of anotherbridging effort by the Malaysia govenment. It is expected that thenumber of RICs will grow from the existing 42 centres to over 200 by 2008.The secretary general to Energy, Water and Communications Ministry,Datuk Halim Shafie reported that the RIC project has trained more than45,000 rural folks (farmers, housewives and students) in the year of itsinception.The above are some of the key projects and plans by the Government.Among institutions of higher learning, various efforts and initiativesinclude providing not just physically wired networks but wirelessnetworks, in the hope that students will benefit from course materialsmade available online. In some institutions such as Unimas and HELPJoint Study by MEWC and OUM 3
University College, lecturers are encouraged to set up online forums forgroup discussions as part of the teaching-learning experience. Hence, E-learning is currently believed to be a potentially significant area ofdevelopment in Malaysia. This study on E-learning readiness is thereforetimely and will shed light on the current state of E-learning, E-readinessand E-learning readiness in Malaysia.1.2 Literature ReviewWith respect to E-learning readiness in the Malaysian context, thefollowing reports represent some of the seminal works on E-learning, E-learning readiness and E-readiness in the Malaysian context:1. Report of the National Information Technology Council (NITC)Working Group on Electronic Learning, May 1999 (UNIMAS,1999).2. E-ASEAN Readiness Assessment by ASEAN and IBM GlobalServices, October 2001.3. National ICT Approaches: Selected Case Studies (Malaysia) byAccenture, the Markle Foundation and UNDP. www.optinit.org/framework/pages/2.3.html4. Report on 2004 E-readiness Ranking- A white paper from theEconomist Intelligence Unit, written in cooperation with IBMCorporation.5. Report of the Asia Cooperation Dialogue on E-learning by OpenUniversity Malaysia (2004).The above-mentioned reports have outlined several predictors of acountry’s E-learning readiness. Some of these are per capita income,telecommunication networks, urbanization, pro-competitive macropolicies and an emphasis on privatization. Research has also utilized acontinuum-based approach to calibrating E-learning readiness for thepurpose of cross-nation comparison and inter-oranizationalbenchmarking. For example, a report by ASEAN (ASEANSecretariat/IBM, 2001) has indicated that ELR may be determined along afour point scale containing descriptors such as emerging, evolving,embedding and extending to describe the extent of readiness or acountry’s level of E-learning programme implementation.A significant finding of the review of this literature is that there appears tobe affirmation of a high amount of e-readiness among Malaysians, a pointthat puts us in good standing internationally. In an E-ASEAN ReadinessAssessment Report (ASEAN Secretariat/ IBM, 2001) it was found thatMalaysia ranked second on all assessment measures pertaining toinfrastructure, E-society, E-commerce and E-Government. In terms of E-readiness rankings among countries of the Asia-Pacific region, MalaysiaJoint Study by MEWC and OUM 4
Page 1 and 2: e-learning readinesse-learningMalay
Page 3 and 4: E-LEARNING READINESSIN MALAYSIA 200
Page 5 and 6: E-learning Readiness in Malaysia 20
Page 13: application of ICT to pave the way
Page 17 and 18: 1. The promotion of information flu
Page 19 and 20: 1.4.1 The ELR InstrumentFour instru
Page 21 and 22: 1.4.3 The RespondentsThe respondent
Page 23 and 24: (b) Area of Readiness:Content Readi
Page 25 and 26: 2POLICY MAKERS ANDORGANISATIONSThis
Page 27 and 28: TABLE 2. Demographic Profile of Pol
Page 29 and 30: surveyed (including one policy make
Page 31 and 32: According to the data in Table 8 wh
Page 33 and 34: difference, however, can be observe
Page 35 and 36: Level of Overall Readiness among Po
Page 37 and 38: 2019.616.7Percent1512.813.7106.95.9
Page 39 and 40: 3PROVIDERSThis chapter presents the
Page 41 and 42: adequate for achieving the ideal ba
Page 43 and 44: TABLE 17. Provision of Applications
Page 45 and 46: TABLE 20. Preference for Single poi
Page 47 and 48: expertise to develop content for E-
Page 49 and 50: Finally, it was suggested that step
Page 51 and 52: According to a respondent, one of t
Page 53 and 54: In terms of financial readiness, th
Page 55 and 56: TABLE 28. Level of Overall Readines
Page 57 and 58: 2524.02017.315Percent1012.013.310.7
Page 59 and 60: 201516.4415.0716.4415.07Percent1010
Page 61 and 62: 4ENABLERSThis section presents find
Page 63 and 64: month. This shows that, in general,
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As shown in Table 33, the top three
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learner-centred and therefore learn
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addressed. Further, enablers felt t
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Although most enablers acknowledge
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greater usage for E-learning. In ad
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Level of Overall Readiness among En
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2017.518.51514.913.8FIGURE 17. Over
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252020.017.6 17.0Percent1512.612.61
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5RECEIVERSThis section reports the
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Refer to Table 48 for data on the t
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percent). Other uses of the compute
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used it for emailing. The use of th
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order to be a successful e-learner,
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The open-ended responses yielded a
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to the Internet as well as, bandwid
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TABLE 66. Receivers’ Perceptions
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E-learning Readiness in Malaysia 20
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2524.620Percent1514.515.5 15.9108.5
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2523.72017.7 17.2Percent1513.7108.8
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6SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONSThis ch
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TABLE 71. Areas of Readiness among
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financial readiness. This may refle
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TABLE 72. Summary of Findings (cont
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(c) Employ a core team of personnel
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(f) Give incentives to companies th
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h) Recognise qualifications acquire
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AppendixesJoint Study by MEWC and O
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ChairpersonChief Secretary, Ministr
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OUM Committee on E-learning Readine
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Phase I (January - April 2004)Head,
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Rohani IsmailManagerTechnology Assi
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Phase III (August - October 2004)He
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Appendix EList of Major Respondents
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33. Universiti Sains Malaysia34. Un
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A Study on E-learning Readiness in
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D. Environmental Readiness Yes No1.
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A Study on E-learning Readiness in
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Instruction: Please respond to the
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Appendix HSurvey Instrument for Ena
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8. Do you use a computer?ٱNever ٱ
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15. My organisation/institution pro
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Appendix ISurvey Instrument for Rec
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4. I am enrolled/attending an in-se
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13. Do you have Internet connection
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15. Content for E-learning is appro
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Appendix JBiodata of the Working Gr
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Currently Fitri is on study leave a
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project. Currently, her focus is to
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Rohani IsmailRohani Ismail has grad
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Prior to that, she was a Curriculum
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