DEV475 Mastering Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with UML ...

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DEV475 Mastering Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with UMLWhat Is Generalization?What Is Generalization?• A relationship among classes where oneclass shares the structure and/or behaviorof one or more classes• Defines a hierarchy of abstractions in whicha subclass inherits from one or moresuperclasses• Single inheritance• Multiple inheritance• Is an “is a kind of” relationshipMastering Object Oriented Analysis and Design with UMLCopyright © 2003 Rational Software, all rights reserved 44Generalization can be defined as:A specialization/generalization relationship in which objects of the specializedelement (the child) are substitutable for objects of the generalized element (theparent). (The Unified Modeling Language User Guide, Booch, 1999)• The subclass may be used where the superclass is used, but not vice versa.• The child inherits from the parent.• Generalization is transitive. You can always test your generalization by applyingthe “is a kind of” rule. You should always be able to say that your specializedclass “is a kind of” the parent class.• The terms “generalization” and “inheritance” are generally interchangeable. Ifyou need to distinguish, generalization is the name of the relationship, whileinheritance is the mechanism that the generalization relationshiprepresents/models.Inheritance can be defined as:The mechanism by which more-specific elements incorporate the structure andbehavior of more-general elements. (The Unified Modeling Language User Guide, Booch,1999)• Single inheritance: The subclass inherits from only one superclass (has only oneparent).• Multiple inheritance: The subclass inherits from more than one superclass (hasmultiple parents).2 - 44
Module 2 - Concepts of Object OrientationExample: Single InheritanceExample: Single Inheritance• One class inherits from anotherSuperclass(Parent)(Ancestor)Account- balance- name- number+ withdraw()+ createStatement()GeneralizationRelationshipSavingsCheckingSubclass(Child)(Descendents)Mastering Object Oriented Analysis and Design with UMLCopyright © 2003 Rational Software, all rights reserved 45• The generalization is drawn from the subclass class to the superclass/parent class.• The terms “ancestor” and “descendent” can be used instead of “superclass” and“subclass.”2 - 45
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