index 301antinomies in, 40–42on the apeiron, 9biographical sketch, 279–80Cantor dust, 186n7cardinalities of, 250on cardinal vs. ordinal numbers, 10and Christian theology, 227diagonal argument of, 2, 77on the fear of infinity, 4on God, 41, 41t, 47, 282–83n22and infinite cardinals theory, 248infinity concept rationalized by, 227infinity levels, 47, 77limits and bounds in, 236on mathematical infinity, 12, 61, 65–68, 77,193n1on metaphysics, 12and Nicholas of Cusa, 39ordinal number theory of, 248and physics, 5, 12and set theory, 1–2, 10, 47, 77–78, 279–81and the On, 248n9Cappadocian Fathers, 27, 226cardinality, 2, 10, 40–41, 61, 66, 77, 242, 281,288cardinal numbers, 10, 40–41, 248, 280, 282. Seealso infinite cardinals; Reinhardt cardinals;supercompact cardinals; transfinitecardinals; <strong>Woodin</strong> cardinalsCauchy, Augustin-Louis, 64causal set theory, 168–69Cavalieri, Bonaventura, 62Cesàro, Ernesto, 64CH. See Cantor, Georg; continuum hypothesisthe Christian infinite, 260–74Christian metaphysics, 257, 271Christian theology. See also God; God andinfinity; Judeo-Christian traditionthe apeiron in, 235vs. Aristotle’s metaphysics, 23Cantor’s contribution to, 227Creator vs. creation in, 212God vs. potentiality in, 243and Greek metaphysics, 47, 283and Hegel, 272and infinity, 226, 293limits and bounds in, 253and mathematical infinity, 253Christological/Trinitarian debates, 28chronos (earthly, passing time), 25Clement of Alexandria, 27CMB. See cosmic microwave backgroundcoding of information into time, 119Cohen, Paulaxiom of choice failure forced by, 102–3, 106and Axiom of Constructibility, 112and axiom of infinity hierarchies, 95Ax-Kochen theorem proved by, 70on continuum hypothesis, 281n19and large cardinal axioms, 117mathematical logic advanced by, 79on ZF vs. AC, 67on ZF vs. CH, 3coincidentia oppositorum (coincidents ofopposites), 35–38, 37n100, 41t, 269,291–92Coleman, Sidney, 180combinatorics, 60, 60–62, 74, 116compactification, 220completeness theorem (Gödel), 47, 83, 109, 124,146.Seealsoincompleteness theoremscomputer science/technology, 2, 4, 60, 65,70–72, 74, 94, 168concept calculus. See also better than (system);much better than (MBT) systemBasic axiom (B), 131–32, 137–40, 143,145–48, 150–56, 158–64concept amplification in, 137defined, 130Diverse Exactness axiom (DE), 131–32,137–39, 143, 149, 163interpretation in, 132–37Lemma mathematics in, 135–36, 143–63overviews, 4, 130–64Peano arithmetic in, 134–36, 140–42, 164range of things in, 137–38, 163STAR axiom in, 163startling observations, 136–37Strong Diverse Exactness axiom (SDE), 131,138–40, 145, 148–51, 159, 161–64Strong Unlimited Improvement axiom (SUI),131, 138–41, 143, 146, 163–64Super Strong Diverse Exactness axiom(SSDE), 131, 138–40, 143, 145–48, 163Unlimited Improvement axiom (UI), 131–32,137–40, 161–64Very Strong Diverse Exactness axiom(VSDE), 131, 138, 140, 143, 145–48, 163ZFC system in, 132ZF systems in, 131–32, 134, 138–39, 142–43,145–46, 161, 163Z systems in, 131–32, 135–36, 138–39,145–48, 152, 155, 159–61“Concept Calculus: Much Better Than”(Friedman), 4, 12, 130–64conformal boundaries, 224, 224n14conformal infinity, 219–20, 222conformal slice, 186f
- Page 2:
This page intentionally left blank
- Page 8:
InfinityNew Research FrontiersEdite
- Page 12:
The infinite! No other question has
- Page 18:
viiicontentsIVPerspectives on Infin
- Page 22:
xcontributorsCarlo RovelliSenior Me
- Page 26:
xiiprefacecurrently dominated by ma
- Page 32:
IntroductionRudy RuckerA stimulatin
- Page 36:
mathematical infinities 3in 1963, t
- Page 40:
physical infinities 5In his chapter
- Page 44:
physical infinities 7it might be th
- Page 48:
metaphysical and theological infini
- Page 52:
metaphysical and theological infini
- Page 56:
psychological and artistic infiniti
- Page 60:
psychological and artistic infiniti
- Page 68:
CHAPTER 1Infinity as a Transformati
- Page 72:
from to potential infinity: aristo
- Page 76:
from potential infinity to actual i
- Page 80:
from potential infinity to actual i
- Page 84:
from potential infinity to actual i
- Page 88:
from potential infinity to actual i
- Page 92:
from potential infinity to actual i
- Page 96:
from potential infinity to actual i
- Page 100:
from potential infinity to actual i
- Page 104:
from potential infinity to actual i
- Page 108:
from potential infinity to actual i
- Page 112:
Table 1.2from potential infinity to
- Page 116:
infinity in modern theology 43of
- Page 120:
infinity in modern theology 45inter
- Page 124:
eferences 47between theology on the
- Page 128:
eferences 49Ferguson, E. 1973. God
- Page 132:
eferences 51Sweeney, L. (ed.). 1992
- Page 140:
CHAPTER 2The Mathematical InfinityE
- Page 144:
three famous problems of antiquity
- Page 148:
archimedes and aristotle 59Italicus
- Page 152:
combinatorics and infinity 61Figure
- Page 156:
euler and infinity 63primes is infi
- Page 160:
set theory 65This view leads right
- Page 164:
geometry, infinity, and the peano c
- Page 168:
a success of set theory 69A fundame
- Page 172:
the turing machine and the busy bea
- Page 176:
the infinite in the finite: p versu
- Page 180:
eferences 75Gamow, G. 1947. One, Tw
- Page 184:
possible collapse of contemporary m
- Page 188:
possible collapse of contemporary m
- Page 192:
possible collapse of contemporary m
- Page 196:
possible collapse of contemporary m
- Page 200:
possible collapse of contemporary m
- Page 208:
CHAPTER 4The Realm of the InfiniteW
- Page 212:
the realm of the finite 91Now the c
- Page 216:
the realm of the finite 93By the us
- Page 220:
eyond the finite realm 95Set Theori
- Page 224:
eyond the finite realm 97of set the
- Page 228:
Theorem 5 (Kunen).beyond the finite
- Page 232:
eyond the finite realm 101(as a new
- Page 236:
the generic multiverse of sets 103L
- Page 240:
the generic multiverse of sets 105F
- Page 244:
the generic multiverse of sets 107i
- Page 248:
the generic multiverse of sets 109T
- Page 252:
the infinite realm 111and such that
- Page 256:
the infinite realm 113problem is in
- Page 260:
the infinite realm 115from a sequen
- Page 264:
conclusions 117arguably a serious f
- Page 268:
CHAPTER 5A Potential Subtlety Conce
- Page 272:
the program e 0 121of the nonnegati
- Page 276:
the existence of e 0 123“+” and
- Page 280:
the existence of e 0 125or Output(e
- Page 284:
the existence of e 0 127(3.3) p i+1
- Page 288:
eferences 129ReferencesGödel, Kurt
- Page 292:
introduction 131This establishes th
- Page 296:
interpretation power 133a. Paramete
- Page 300:
asic facts about interpretation pow
- Page 304:
etter than, much better than 137We
- Page 308:
etter than, much better than 139Unl
- Page 312:
some implications 141two disjuncts
- Page 316:
interpretation of mbt in zf 143both
- Page 320:
interpretation of mbt in zf 145stru
- Page 324:
interpretation of b + vsde + ssde i
- Page 328:
interpretation of z in b + sde 149y
- Page 332:
interpretation of z in b + sde 151p
- Page 336:
interpretation of z in b + sde 153p
- Page 340:
interpretation of z in b + sde 155p
- Page 344:
interpretation of z in b + sde 157p
- Page 348:
interpretation of z in b + sde 159D
- Page 352:
interpretation of zf in mbt 161Lemm
- Page 356:
some further results 163where P is
- Page 360:
PART FOURPerspectives on Infinityfr
- Page 366:
168 some considerations on infinity
- Page 370:
170 some considerations on infinity
- Page 374:
172 some considerations on infinity
- Page 378:
174 some considerations on infinity
- Page 382:
CHAPTER 8Cosmological Intimationsof
- Page 386:
178 cosmological intimations of inf
- Page 390:
180 cosmological intimations of inf
- Page 394:
182 cosmological intimations of inf
- Page 398:
184 cosmological intimations of inf
- Page 402:
186 cosmological intimations of inf
- Page 406:
188 cosmological intimations of inf
- Page 410:
190 cosmological intimations of inf
- Page 414:
192 cosmological intimations of inf
- Page 418:
194 infinity and the nostalgia of t
- Page 422:
196 infinity and the nostalgia of t
- Page 426:
198 infinity and the nostalgia of t
- Page 430:
200 infinity and the nostalgia of t
- Page 434:
202 infinity and the nostalgia of t
- Page 438:
204 infinity and the nostalgia of t
- Page 442:
206 infinity and the nostalgia of t
- Page 446:
208 infinity and the nostalgia of t
- Page 450:
210 infinity and the nostalgia of t
- Page 454:
212 infinity and the nostalgia of t
- Page 458:
214 infinity and the nostalgia of t
- Page 462:
216 infinity and the nostalgia of t
- Page 466:
CHAPTER 10Infinities in CosmologyMi
- Page 470:
220 infinities in cosmologyof space
- Page 474:
222 infinities in cosmologyspacetim
- Page 478:
224 infinities in cosmologythe scie
- Page 482:
226 infinities in cosmologyTo this
- Page 486:
228 infinities in cosmologythe worl
- Page 492:
PART FIVEPerspectives on Infinityfr
- Page 498:
234 god and infinity: directions fo
- Page 502:
236 god and infinity: directions fo
- Page 506:
238 god and infinity: directions fo
- Page 510:
240 god and infinity: directions fo
- Page 514:
242 god and infinity: directions fo
- Page 518:
244 god and infinity: directions fo
- Page 522:
246 god and infinity: directions fo
- Page 526:
248 god and infinity: directions fo
- Page 530:
250 god and infinity: directions fo
- Page 534:
252 god and infinity: directions fo
- Page 538:
254 god and infinity: directions fo
- Page 542:
256 notes on the concept of the inf
- Page 546:
258 notes on the concept of the inf
- Page 550:
260 notes on the concept of the inf
- Page 554:
262 notes on the concept of the inf
- Page 558:
264 notes on the concept of the inf
- Page 562:
266 notes on the concept of the inf
- Page 566:
268 notes on the concept of the inf
- Page 570:
270 notes on the concept of the inf
- Page 574:
272 notes on the concept of the inf
- Page 578:
274 notes on the concept of the inf
- Page 582: 276 god and infinitywith the world
- Page 586: 278 god and infinitychallenge until
- Page 590: 280 god and infinityby many others,
- Page 594: 282 god and infinityline, the plane
- Page 598: 284 god and infinitykept separate,
- Page 602: 286 god and infinityactions (i.e.,
- Page 606: 288 god and infinityLet us recall P
- Page 610: CHAPTER 14A (Partially) Skeptical R
- Page 614: 292 a (partially) skeptical respons
- Page 618: 294 a (partially) skeptical respons
- Page 622: 296 a (partially) skeptical respons
- Page 626: 298 a (partially) skeptical respons
- Page 630: 300 indexthe Areopagite (Dionysius)
- Page 636: index 303Euclidean space, 5, 177, 1
- Page 640: index 305indeterminacy, 12, 255-57,
- Page 644: index 307Nietzsche, Friedrich, 273n
- Page 648: index 309science and infinity overv
- Page 652: index 311WMAP.SeeWilkinson Microwav