2bSuggested answers• Only a little over half of the original sample replied to the postalquestionnaires.• Male respondents are under-represented in the sample.• Burke’s study makes estimates <strong>for</strong> the entire UK population based on asample size of a little over 2000 people.• The respondents are only estimating how much they think they have spent onherbal medicines, so the answers are unlikely to be very accurate.2cSuggested answers1 This is problematic. No evidence is given <strong>for</strong> this, but people are likely to feelthat it is the case through common sense.2 Burke’s study isn’t really conclusive enough to warrant the claim that it is‘clear’.3 Not very accurate. Burke’s study is based on only 2,200 responses, mainlyfrom women. Saying ‘English people’ perhaps over-generalizes the findings.Saying ‘respondents’ would make the claim seem like a more objectivestatement of the findings.4 The first is more categorical, using the word ‘shows’, while the secondacknowledges uncertainty by using ‘estimates’.5 b6 Depends to an extent on students, but, as with 2 above, it is hard to say fromthis that the claim is ‘clearly’ true.2d Student discussion3 Avoiding absolute termsNote: ‘Extreme positions’ or ‘absolute terms’ is here understood to mean categoricaltruth claims that are easily disproven, or all-encompassing statements which areunlikely to apply to everything <strong>for</strong> which the claim is made. E.g.• The Western approach to medicine is the most effective. (Categorical truthclaim)• Everybody can benefit from using traditional medicine. (All-encompassingstatement)3a Students read through several pairs of passages, in the first of which the authorhas used absolute terms, and in the second of which they have used more cautiouslanguage. Students compare the use of language in the passages, then complete thetable of ‘useful expressions’ and ‘words to avoid’.Suggested answersNote: In each passage, key terms have been underlined. In the first passage of eachpair, there<strong>for</strong>e, the underlining denotes words or phrases that should be used withcare, while in the second passage it denotes alternative phrases which are morecautious.Unit 3 Part C ∙ Investigating 88
Passage 1aIndia, like all countries, has a medical system based on the modern ‘scientific’approach to healthcare. This is the ‘Western’ system (no particular phrase toavoid, but students should be aware that it’s a strong, categorical statement,even though the accuracy of the term itself is disputed). The modern Westernmedical system relies on treating patients with high-tech equipment and expensivedrugs manufactured by multinational pharmaceutical companies. This system is onlyavailable to the rich; no ordinary Indians can af<strong>for</strong>d to use it. Furthermore, peoplenow understand that modern Western medicine is ineffective. However, because it isthe dominant system promoted by the government, people only use it because theyhave no choice.bLike many other nations, India’s medical system is based on the modern ‘scientific’approach to healthcare (sometimes known as the ‘Western’ system). The modernWestern medical system tends to rely on treating patients with high-tech equipmentand expensive drugs manufactured by multinational pharmaceutical companies.Consequently, it is limited to those who can af<strong>for</strong>d to pay. Many ordinary Indianscannot af<strong>for</strong>d to do this. A further issue with modern medicine in India is theawareness that it is not effective in every situation. However, as it is the dominantsystem promoted by the government, many Indians feel <strong>for</strong>ced to use it becausethey have no cheaper or more effective option.Passage 2aIn the past, most people visiting an acupuncturist did so because they were sufferingfrom muscular or joint pain. The proportion of people visiting acupuncturists <strong>for</strong>this reason has declined in recent years, while the proportion of people visiting anacupuncturist <strong>for</strong> other treatments (e.g. psychological, quitting smoking, or generalhealth treatments) has risen. This is due to the fact that acupuncture has becomebetter known around the world, and everybody knows that it can be used <strong>for</strong> a rangeof different treatments. In the UK, <strong>for</strong> instance, with the ban on public smoking in2007, and high tobacco prices, everyone wants to quit, and acupuncture is the mosteffective method <strong>for</strong> stopping: as a result, acupuncturists have seen large rises in thenumber of smokers visiting them.bHistorically, most visits to acupuncturists were <strong>for</strong> the treatment of muscular or jointpain. However, the proportion of people visiting acupuncturists <strong>for</strong> this reason hasdeclined in recent years, while the proportion of people visiting an acupuncturist <strong>for</strong>other treatments (e.g. psychological, quitting smoking, or general health treatments)has risen. This may be due to increasing public awareness of acupuncture; morepeople are now aware of the different range of medical problems that it can be usedto treat. In the UK, <strong>for</strong> instance, with the ban on public smoking in 2007, and hightobacco prices, increasing numbers of smokers are looking <strong>for</strong> help to quit, andacupuncture is seen as being one effective method <strong>for</strong> doing this: as a result, manyacupuncturists have seen an increase in the number of smokers visiting them.Unit 3 Part C ∙ Investigating 89
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Skillsfor StudyLEVEL 2Teacher’s N
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