Skills for Study Level 2 Teacher's Book - Cambridge University Press

The terms ‘Harvard style’, ‘Harvard system’ or ‘Harvard referencing’ are oftenused synonymously with ‘author-date’ systems. However, ‘Harvard style’ is notaffiliated with Harvard University, and no organization exists which publishes adefinitive ‘Harvard style’ guide; there is no definitive Harvard style. Consequently,many higher education institutions have developed their own in-house variationson the basic author-date system, and call these ‘Harvard style’; anyone attemptingto find out which of these versions was correct would, unfortunately, be frustrated,as ‘Harvard’ is just a general description of all author-date systems (see belowfor examples of book references written in ‘Harvard style’ according to therecommendations for different institutions).The APA and MLA styles are affiliated to a particular organization which publishesa definitive style guide for that system. In this regard, APA could be loosely termeda ‘Harvard-style system’, as it is an author-date system, but APA and Harvardshould not be taken to be synonymous.Example of an APA-style book referenceShotton, M.A. (1989). Computer addiction? A study of computer dependency.London: Taylor & Francis.Examples of book references which claim to be written in ‘Harvard’ style(note the slight differences in punctuation and layout)Anglia Ruskin UniversityAuthor, Initials/first name., Year. Title of book. Edition. (only include this if not the firstedition) Place: Publisher.Redman, P., 2006. Good essay writing: a social sciences guide. 3rd ed. London: OpenUniversity in assoc. with Sage.Baron, David P., 2008. Business and the organisation. 6th ed. Chester (CT): Pearson.University of SheffieldSeedhouse, D. (1997) Health promotion: philosophy, prejudice and practice.Chichester, John Wiley.University of GlasgowWalsh, M., 1998. Models and critical pathways in clinical nursing: conceptualframeworks for care planning. 2nd ed. London: Bailliere Tindall.University of LiverpoolHarris, A., Robinson, K., Smith, P. & Turner, G. (2006) Management skills. Oxford:Oxford University Press.The Blackwell guide ‘Citing References’DOW, D., 1964. A history of the world. 3rd ed. London: Greenfield.Please note that under the APA system, published documents, etc., retrieved onlinedo not need a retrieval date. Retrieval date may be included only for sources whichchange (such as a wiki or blog).Additional Resources 134