Report - PEER - University of California, Berkeley
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Report - PEER - University of California, Berkeley

Report - PEER - University of California, Berkeley Report - PEER - University of California, Berkeley

peer.berkeley.edu
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12.07.2015 Views

2.1 Law Enforcement and InspectionThe Building Standard Law is a national law which must be conformed to in selectingthe site, in designing and constructing a building and equipment, and in the use ofbuilding. When a new construction or a major repair or remodeling of the building isplanned, the building owner must submit an application for confirmation to thebuilding official that the design and construction conforms to the provisions of lawsconcerning the site, structure, and building equipment prior to the construction work.This requirement made the code prescriptive because building officials must be ableto judge the legal conformity of the design work to the regulations.Upon the completion of the construction, the building official or his designatedperson must inspect the construction for the conformance of the buildingrequirements. If the construction site or building violates the legal requirements, thechief of a municipality may order the suspension of construction, the demolition,removal, or correction of the building, or the prohibition of the building occupancyand use. The 1998 revision allowed a designated private agency to review theconfirmation application and inspect the construction after completion.2.2 Structural RequirementsThe structural requirements in the law are that “the building shall be constructed safeagainst dead and live loads, snow loads, wind forces, soil and water pressures, andearthquake and other vibration forces and impacts,” and also the structure shall satisfythe following requirements:(1) The structural calculation outlined by cabinet order, Building Standard LawEnforcement Order, and(2) The technical standards set forth by the Minister of Construction.2.3 MaterialsThe quality of construction materials shall satisfy the Japanese Industrial Standards orthe Japan Agricultural and Forestry Standards or the technical standards, fireresistance and health, set forth by the Minister of Construction.3. BUILDING STANDARD LAW ENFORCEMENT ORDERThe Building Standard Law Enforcement Order is issued by the Cabinet to outlinetechnical requirements for the law. The construction and structural calculationrequirements are specified in Chapter 3 “Structural Strength.” The technical standardsabout structures, referred in Article 20 of the law, are outlined in Sections 1 to 7below.Section 1: General Provisions,Section 2: Structural Members and others,519

Section 3: Timber Construction,Section 4: Masonry Construction and Reinforced Concrete Block Construction,Section 5: Steel Construction,Section 6: Reinforced Concrete Construction and Steel Reinforced ConcreteConstruction, andSection 7: Plain Concrete Construction and Other Construction.These sections specify mandatory requirements associated with (a) basis of structuralcalculations, (b) quality of construction materials, (c) durability of structuralmembers, (d) workmanship during construction and (e) safety against fire.3.1 Technical Standards about StructuresA structure shall satisfy one of the following three structural requirements:(1) The safety of a structure, after satisfying the requirements of Sections 1through 7, shall conform to the allowable strength calculation or by thestructural calculation, which safety level is equivalent to the allowable stresscalculation, set forth by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport(hereafter abbreviated as “MOLIT,” the Ministry of Construction wasreorganized to MOLIT in 2001). The durability provisions cannot bereplaced by structural calculation about performance.(2) The safety of a structure, after satisfying the durability related provisions,shall conform to either by the ultimate strength calculation or the structuralcalculation set forth by MOLIT as a procedure deemed to ensure a safetylevel of a building equivalent or superior to the ultimate strength calculation.(3) The structural method, after satisfying the durability related provisions, shallbe specially approved by MOLIT as the structure which safety is confirmedby the structural calculation (response history calculation) set forth byMOLIT.3.2 Example: Technical Requirements for Concrete ConstructionAn example of the technical requirements is introduced here for reinforced concreteconstruction. Most requirements are performance-based, but some arespecification-type in which numbers or values or shapes are specified.Materials for concrete: Materials for the reinforced concrete construction arespecified in performance format as follows:(1) Aggregate, water and admixture shall be free from acids, salts, organicmatter or particles of mud liable to cause rusting of steel or detrimental to thenormal process of setting and hardening of concrete;(2) Aggregate shall be of such size that it can pass easily between reinforcingbars and between reinforcing bars and formwork;(3) Aggregate shall have appropriate grading and grain shape and give necessarystrength, durability and fire resistance to the concrete.520

Section 3: Timber Construction,Section 4: Masonry Construction and Reinforced Concrete Block Construction,Section 5: Steel Construction,Section 6: Reinforced Concrete Construction and Steel Reinforced ConcreteConstruction, andSection 7: Plain Concrete Construction and Other Construction.These sections specify mandatory requirements associated with (a) basis <strong>of</strong> structuralcalculations, (b) quality <strong>of</strong> construction materials, (c) durability <strong>of</strong> structuralmembers, (d) workmanship during construction and (e) safety against fire.3.1 Technical Standards about StructuresA structure shall satisfy one <strong>of</strong> the following three structural requirements:(1) The safety <strong>of</strong> a structure, after satisfying the requirements <strong>of</strong> Sections 1through 7, shall conform to the allowable strength calculation or by thestructural calculation, which safety level is equivalent to the allowable stresscalculation, set forth by the Minister <strong>of</strong> Land, Infrastructure and Transport(hereafter abbreviated as “MOLIT,” the Ministry <strong>of</strong> Construction wasreorganized to MOLIT in 2001). The durability provisions cannot bereplaced by structural calculation about performance.(2) The safety <strong>of</strong> a structure, after satisfying the durability related provisions,shall conform to either by the ultimate strength calculation or the structuralcalculation set forth by MOLIT as a procedure deemed to ensure a safetylevel <strong>of</strong> a building equivalent or superior to the ultimate strength calculation.(3) The structural method, after satisfying the durability related provisions, shallbe specially approved by MOLIT as the structure which safety is confirmedby the structural calculation (response history calculation) set forth byMOLIT.3.2 Example: Technical Requirements for Concrete ConstructionAn example <strong>of</strong> the technical requirements is introduced here for reinforced concreteconstruction. Most requirements are performance-based, but some arespecification-type in which numbers or values or shapes are specified.Materials for concrete: Materials for the reinforced concrete construction arespecified in performance format as follows:(1) Aggregate, water and admixture shall be free from acids, salts, organicmatter or particles <strong>of</strong> mud liable to cause rusting <strong>of</strong> steel or detrimental to thenormal process <strong>of</strong> setting and hardening <strong>of</strong> concrete;(2) Aggregate shall be <strong>of</strong> such size that it can pass easily between reinforcingbars and between reinforcing bars and formwork;(3) Aggregate shall have appropriate grading and grain shape and give necessarystrength, durability and fire resistance to the concrete.520

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