Report - PEER - University of California, Berkeley

The following sections address each of these objectives. The basic conceptsapply to many extreme hazards, but they are illustrated with seismic shaking.Examples of actual applications to buildings are also included.THE USE OF RISK TO CHARACTERIZE PERFORMANCEBuilding performance is defined effectively for a given building, at a given location,in terms of three basic risk parameters. Each of these is an aggregation, orintegration, of potential losses over the life of the building from the hazard of interest.The basic risk parameters are these aggregations for:• deaths and serious injuries.• economic losses due to direct damage.• economic and societal losses that indirectly occur as a result the loss of useof a damaged building or facility (downtime).These can be expressed in a number of different forms (e.g., annualized loss, netpresent value of expected losses, annual probability of exceeding a certain loss). Notethat conversion from one format to another is a relatively simple numericaltransformation. Thus each basic risk parameter has a unique value regardless of theform of expression. The median values of the basic risk parameters also have anassociated reliability as a measure of uncertainty.This characterization of performance derives directly from the Pacific EarthquakeEngineering Research Center Framing equation (Moehle, 2003) as illustrated inFigure 1.Decision variableannualized loss( DV) ∫∫∫v= GDVDM|dGDMEDP|dGEDPIM|dλ(IM)Damagemeasurecasualtiescapital lossdowntimeEngineering demandparameterdisplacementIntensity measuredrifthazard curvelevel of shakingFigure 1. PEER framing equation and example parameters for seismic shaking.The basic risk parameters are the decision variables for the three categories oflosses (deaths, dollars, downtime). Figure 1 includes example parameters forengineering demand and intensity measure for seismic shaking; however, the basicconcept can be applied to other extreme hazards using appropriate alternativeparameters. (Deierlein, 2003 and Whittaker, 2003).102