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History in the U.S.o The National Community Health Advisor Study, 1994-1998(Rosenthal, 1998), was a “participatory research project” atThe University of Arizona, funded by the Annie E. CaseyFoundation. The study is available from the foundation at 701St. Paul Street, Baltimore, MD 21202; (410) 223-2890.o This study elucidated “core roles and competencies” ofCHWs; it also identified the many community and clinicsettings where CHWs work.o In 1995 a commentary entitled “Community Health Workers:Integral Members of the Health Care Work Force” appeared inthe American Journal of Public Health (Witmer, Seifert,Finocchio, Leslie, and O’Neil, 1995).o The Institute of Medicine’s “Unequal Treatment: ConfrontingRacial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care” pointed to theimportance of CHWs in reducing health inequalities (Smedley,Stith, and Nelson, 2002).