Download Full PDF - 28.09 MB - The Society of Irish Foresters
Download Full PDF - 28.09 MB - The Society of Irish Foresters Download Full PDF - 28.09 MB - The Society of Irish Foresters
Labour Cost Trends in Forest Nurseries 31depth of the soil was reached. It was important to wait after eachrotovation for the germination of the weed seeds; othe ~ wise ungerminatedseeds would have given further trouble.This proved very effective on ground intended for seed beds assimazine could not have been used in the early stages of 1 yearconifer beds-the perido during which in pre-rotovation daysweeding costs ran high.The system was also used on ground intended for transplantlines if space permitted, but the use of Simazine, as evidenced inTable 2 for the year 1962-63 when it was first used on an operationalscale, had been effective.It might be added here that the use of S.imazine and other herbicidessuch as Paraquat and Vapourising Oil do not seem to havehad any bad effects on the soil conditions although they have beenused now for between ten and twenty years.According as the seed population in the nurseries was reduced.it was possible to go back to the ploughing down of green manurecrops. This was, however, usually preceded by fallowing w.ithrotovation until July when a crop of Westerwolth rye grass wassown. The July sowing gave ample time for this quick-growingcrop to produce material for a good green-manure sandwich.Table 3 shows the drop in cost of weed control as a percentageof labour costs over the last eleven years.Table 3Costs of Weeds Control Operations as Percentage ofTotal Costs in 1961-62 and 1971-72Sub HeadSeed BedsTransplant L,ines '1961-62 1971-72%of Total Cost %of Total Cost19.52259.211.3Lining out now accounts for the highest percentage of nurserycosts at 31.8 %. Everybody involved is thinking hard on how thiscost can be reduced or even eliminated. There are many techniquesbeing practised in countries where labour is difficult toobtain or is of poor calibre and expensive. Drill-sown seedlings,which are undercut and lateral root pruned. have been planted outsuccessfully for many years. Production methods which lend themselvesto mechanised planting such as tubed seedlings, bulletseedlings (which can be planted by planting "guns ') soilless containers,etc., are being tried. A start is being made in the Forest
32 Irish Forestryand Wildlife Service on work in this field. Even with our plentifulsupply of good labour and mild Winters it is felt that there may bea future for such methods here and steps have been taken toinitiate trials.While not strictly within the terms of reference of this note it isdifficult to close without mention of one very striking saving thathas been made since the late fifties and early sixties and the 75%reduction in the quantity of conifer seed sown (excluding the truefirs).Even allowing for a 25% drop in plants required, with such anexpensive commodity as conifer seed, this has been a substantialeconomy. It was due to the use of grit instead of soil for coveringthe seed, better seed, less seedlings lost due to less hand weedingand an increase in the demand for small-seed species such asSitka spruce.
- Page 1 and 2: IRISH FORESTRYJournal of the Societ
- Page 3: Control weedsin forestryplantations
- Page 6 and 7: 'CL;EiCG DU'CCAN,~S [S 'OCI ,ATES L
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- Page 10 and 11: IRISH FORESTRY:CONTENTS(A uthors al
- Page 12 and 13: IRISH FORESTRYVolume 29 1972 No.2Ed
- Page 14 and 15: Some Forestry Problems in the Europ
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- Page 24 and 25: The Response of Sitka Spruce to Sul
- Page 26 and 27: The R esponse of Sitka Spruce to Su
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- Page 30 and 31: The R esponse of Sitka Spruce to Su
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- Page 36 and 37: The Response 0 fSitka Spruce to Sul
- Page 38 and 39: Labour Cost Trends in ForestNurseri
- Page 42 and 43: SOJ?e Patterns in Crop Structureand
- Page 44 and 45: Crop Structure and Productivity for
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- Page 62 and 63: Trees Woods and Literature- · 7A w
- Page 64 and 65: M eetings 55papers were presented,
- Page 66 and 67: Notes and News 57strips, scattered
- Page 68 and 69: Notes and News 59material. Laborato
- Page 70 and 71: Obituary 61opened on 29th May 1968
- Page 72 and 73: Reviews 63includes an Appendix VI b
- Page 74 and 75: Reviews 65where the fine lines of d
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- Page 78 and 79: PUBLIC BUSINESSThe main item of pub
- Page 80 and 81: Society Activities 711980 and beyon
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Labour Cost Trends in Forest Nurseries 31depth <strong>of</strong> the soil was reached. It was important to wait after eachrotovation for the germination <strong>of</strong> the weed seeds; othe ~ wise ungerminatedseeds would have given further trouble.This proved very effective on ground intended for seed beds assimazine could not have been used in the early stages <strong>of</strong> 1 yearconifer beds-the perido during which in pre-rotovation daysweeding costs ran high.<strong>The</strong> system was also used on ground intended for transplantlines if space permitted, but the use <strong>of</strong> Simazine, as evidenced inTable 2 for the year 1962-63 when it was first used on an operationalscale, had been effective.It might be added here that the use <strong>of</strong> S.imazine and other herbicidessuch as Paraquat and Vapourising Oil do not seem to havehad any bad effects on the soil conditions although they have beenused now for between ten and twenty years.According as the seed population in the nurseries was reduced.it was possible to go back to the ploughing down <strong>of</strong> green manurecrops. This was, however, usually preceded by fallowing w.ithrotovation until July when a crop <strong>of</strong> Westerwolth rye grass wassown. <strong>The</strong> July sowing gave ample time for this quick-growingcrop to produce material for a good green-manure sandwich.Table 3 shows the drop in cost <strong>of</strong> weed control as a percentage<strong>of</strong> labour costs over the last eleven years.Table 3Costs <strong>of</strong> Weeds Control Operations as Percentage <strong>of</strong>Total Costs in 1961-62 and 1971-72Sub HeadSeed BedsTransplant L,ines '1961-62 1971-72%<strong>of</strong> Total Cost %<strong>of</strong> Total Cost19.52259.211.3Lining out now accounts for the highest percentage <strong>of</strong> nurserycosts at 31.8 %. Everybody involved is thinking hard on how thiscost can be reduced or even eliminated. <strong>The</strong>re are many techniquesbeing practised in countries where labour is difficult toobtain or is <strong>of</strong> poor calibre and expensive. Drill-sown seedlings,which are undercut and lateral root pruned. have been planted outsuccessfully for many years. Production methods which lend themselvesto mechanised planting such as tubed seedlings, bulletseedlings (which can be planted by planting "guns ') soilless containers,etc., are being tried. A start is being made in the Forest
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