yugoslavias implosion

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344 nAme Index Terzić, Slavenko 123 Thaçi, Hashim 238, 251 Tito (See: Broz, Josip) Todorov, Nada 113 Todorović, Boško 137 Tomic, Yves 20 Torkildsen, Morten 291 Trenjin, Dimitrije 272 Trifunović, Lazar 69 Trkulja, Jovan 270 Tromp, Nena 31 Tucović, Dimitrije 98, 196, 197 Tuđman, Franjo 113, 158, 164, 181, 263 Turner, Harold 74 Ugljanin, Sulejman 269 Ulemek, Miodrag /Legija/ 298, 301, 311 Uzelac, Nikola 140 Vakić, Branislav 177 Vasić, Dragiša 199 Vasiljević, Aleksandar 146, 168, 178, 181, 186 Velimirović, Nikolaj (Bishop) 300 Vickers, Miranda 202 Vidić, Dobrivoje 89 Vilić, Dušan /Duško/ 137 Vitezović, Milovan 92 Vlaškalić, Tihomir 65 Vllasi, Azem 103, 222 Volkan, Vamık D. 112 Vollebæk, Knut 237 Vrhovec, Josip 65 Vučić, Borka 292 Vuković, Đorđije 211 Vuković, Zdravko 337 Walker, William 237, 243 Yeltsin, Boris 161 Zola, Emil 301 Žanić, Ivo 139, 140, 191 Žerjavić, Vladimir 74
“Serbs cannot live peacefully in a state where non-Serbs form the majority. Serbia can never live peacefully with her hostile neighboring states. We will never join the European Un- ion. We will never acknowledge Srebrenica as a crime. We will never give up Kosovo and Meto- hija.” There has been, and still is, a lot of “nevers” in Serbian political discourse. However, by the end of 2012 the country is on the path to EU-membership. Politicians from nearly all quarquar- ters claim to have the best strategic approach to EU-membership, despite having to deal with demands that would not long ago have been laughed at as utterly unrealistic. What happened to the aggressive nationalism that not long ago would have crushed all at- tempts to challenge such “nevers”? The Norwegian Helsinki Committee has worked in Serbia since the early nineties; monitoring and reporting on the human right situation, following the political devel- opment and supporting human right defenders. We have chosen to publish this book written by Sonja Biserko, President of the Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia, in an attempt to direct attention to exactly how indispensable human rights activists are right now, and how vitally important they are for the time to come. For two decades, Biserko has persistently and courageously protested against war, nationalism and human rights abuse. Her analysis represents a perspective on Ser- bian politics that is very much needed among the optimism of all the problems that can seemingly be solved by an EU-membership. As Biserko argues in this book – addressing the destructive forces of nationalism is a pre-requisite for real change and lasting peace in Serbia. Where nationalism went? Nowhere. It has taken on new forms, but it still shapes the mainstream understandunderstand- ing of the past and maintains perception of values in the Serbian society. Those most in need of tolerance suff er the consequences. This is not a history book; it is a book debating history, with the ambition of challenging what Serbia is and may become. isbn 978-82-91809-01-4 7
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SONJA BISERKO Yugoslavia’s Implos
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Yugoslavia’s Implosion by Sonja B
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To my brother Željko Biserko
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10 Foreword time, émigré literatu
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12 Foreword II Biserko’s argument
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14 Foreword in World War Two came t
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16 IntroduCtIon researched. Post-co
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18 IntroduCtIon perceived as Serbia
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20 IntroduCtIon Milosavljević, Olg
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22 IntroduCtIon systemic reform, fo
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24 IntroduCtIon occupy a prominent,
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26 IntroduCtIon unwillingness to pa
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28 IntroduCtIon taken subsequently.
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30 IntroduCtIon short-term and hast
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CHAPTER 1 Serbian nationalism and t
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The Serbian national program faced
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territory roughly coinciding with t
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Unlike Croats, the Serbs had a “h
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Chetnik 16 and Ustasha 17 movements
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and its leader, Josip Broz Tito, wi
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framework for the massive mobilizat
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they considered him “the incarnat
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At the same time, a massive politic
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economic advancement. Being profoun
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historian: “In 1972 in Serbia, an
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The party organization is constantl
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was arbitrary and untenable, and he
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all, those having to do with the ma
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The Serbs’ view of the 1974 Const
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president, Ćosić brought together
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economically, or communicationally.
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the first ethnic Albanian demonstra
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and somewhat inert manner. Immediat
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freedom—which united intellectual
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during the 1999 air war by the Nort
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the establishment of diplomatic rel
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ought to be “defined on the basis
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and the republics. His book System
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elevance. The economist Kosta Mihaj
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liberation and unification of the e
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campaign in late 1991 and early 199
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THE RISE OF MILOŠEVIĆ The prewar
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Tito, who by his visionary inspirat
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aimed at setting the scene for the
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The popularity Milošević enjoyed
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Union. At the same time, it was equ
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opinion, could save Yugoslavia. Bra
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war against all neighbors and commi
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Prince Lazar were part of the run-u
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Mindful of the changes in the inter
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Milošević continued to wage a cam
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objectives, especially following ev
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leading to its virtual isolation -
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Dimitrije Ljotić and his Rally Par
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Because redrawing borders, especial
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Serbs must constitute a sound basis
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the unification of all Serbs. The S
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Milošević was satisfied with the
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ecause “nothing … stands in the
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ideologues resigned themselves to t
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126 ChApter 2 decentralization of t
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128 ChApter 2 the nvo was entrusted
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130 ChApter 2 and attempted reversa
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132 ChApter 2 increasingly succumbe
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134 ChApter 2 would have meant the
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136 ChApter 2 Federal Republic of Y
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138 ChApter 2 within the unitary st
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140 ChApter 2 the Serbian krajinas
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142 ChApter 2 The Army’s politica
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144 ChApter 2 MILOŠEVIĆ AND THE A
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146 ChApter 2 ploy [by the West] be
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148 ChApter 2 breakthrough and saw
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150 ChApter 2 “the generals’ pa
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152 ChApter 2 The ypa disliked the
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154 ChApter 2 defense in accordance
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156 ChApter 2 said Yugoslavia shoul
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158 ChApter 2 units, and institutio
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160 ChApter 2 carried threats to
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162 ChApter 2 Although as late as 1
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164 ChApter 2 the Serbs and in thos
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166 ChApter 2 eliminated in a “mo
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168 ChApter 2 Operational Plans for
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170 ChApter 2 around Zagreb, Knin,
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172 ChApter 2 Željko Ražnatović
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174 ChApter 2 In that way the un pe
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176 ChApter 2 Volunteers from the r
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178 ChApter 2 Bubanj Potok outside
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180 ChApter 2 ypa is in effect alre
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182 ChApter 2 In October 1991, mp s
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184 ChApter 2 pure Serbian territor
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186 ChApter 2 police and the parami
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188 ChApter 2 lifting of un sanctio
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190 ChApter 2 an opportunity for it
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192 ChApter 2 the irrational use of
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194 ChApter 3 possibility of using
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196 ChApter 3 Albanians have been t
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198 ChApter 3 The answer to such qu
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200 ChApter 3 launched a drive impo
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202 ChApter 3 Ivo Andrić, assistan
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204 ChApter 3 conference issued a r
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206 ChApter 3 for separate national
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208 ChApter 3 Autonomous Provinces
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210 ChApter 3 for such shameful beh
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212 ChApter 3 inter-nationality rel
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214 ChApter 3 protest against the s
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216 ChApter 3 the “belief in demo
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218 ChApter 3 Radicals and Arkan’
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220 ChApter 3 was prepared to inter
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222 ChApter 3 less nationalistic th
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224 ChApter 3 James Rubin, spokespe
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226 ChApter 3 province in the 1990s
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228 ChApter 3 that Kosovo was of gr
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230 ChApter 3 Macedonia and Kosovo
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232 ChApter 3 on the agendas of the
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234 ChApter 3 territorial integrity
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236 ChApter 3 humanitarian organiza
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238 ChApter 3 repression of the civ
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240 ChApter 3 as well as effective
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242 ChApter 3 In view of this prono
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244 ChApter 3 and that nato would s
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246 ChApter 3 Albanians because it
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248 ChApter 3 Russian solidarity wi
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250 ChApter 3 and the public infras
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252 ChApter 3 elections. His Democr
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254 ChApter 3 Albanians, who confir
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256 ChApter 3 Thus, the Serbian nat
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258 ChApter 3 Balkan peninsula unti
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260 ChApter 3 fry but within an int
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262 ChApter 3 Kosovo would need to
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264 ChApter 3 haven or protection z
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266 ChApter 3 Belgrade offered no o
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268 ChApter 3 Belgrade’s reaction
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270 ChApter 3 the situation on the
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272 ChApter 3 (saa)—an agreement
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CHAPTER 4 Serbia: Between europe an
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DEFEAT OF THE TERRITORIAL PRETENSIO
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social advancement. And it was prec
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or abroad, these groups are able to
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The wars in Croatia, Bosnia-Herzego
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orders. In retrospect, however, the
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ethnic cleansing, one must bear in
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Milošević tried to return Yugosla
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equipment. The military industry co
Page 293 and 294: PLUS ÇA CHANGE, PLUS C’EST LA ME
Page 295 and 296: The political and economic system t
Page 297 and 298: with the Hague Tribunal. The restor
Page 299 and 300: would be better to “suck Serbia i
Page 301 and 302: Glorification of war and its protag
Page 303 and 304: ent on destroying Serbian sacred an
Page 305 and 306: icj held that the Genocide Conventi
Page 307 and 308: and a historic figure. At the same
Page 309 and 310: A DEEP-ROOTED RESISTANCE TO MODERNI
Page 311 and 312: structures. Because Serbia rejects
Page 313: forward-looking government that Ser
Page 316 and 317: 316 ChApter 5 Greater Serbia, and t
Page 318 and 319: 318 ChApter 5 Serbia—which had be
Page 320 and 321: 320 ChApter 5 the discrepancy betwe
Page 322 and 323: 322 ChApter 5 multiethnic communiti
Page 324 and 325: 324 ChApter 5 rights, national and
Page 326 and 327: 326 ChApter 5 legal standards. Ther
Page 328 and 329: 328 ChApter 5 International Court o
Page 330 and 331: 330 ChApter 5 before, has engineere
Page 333 and 334: Bibliography The bibliography focus
Page 335 and 336: Hodge, Carole, Britain and Balkans:
Page 337 and 338: name Index Abazović, Mirsad 40 Abr
Page 339 and 340: Đinđić, Zoran 16, 19, 28, 69, 19
Page 341 and 342: Malcolm, Noel 195 Maliqi, Shkëlzen
Page 343: Radinović, Radovan 188 Radosavljev
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