Irrigation System, Arid Piedmont Plains of Southern Khyber

Irrigation System, Arid Piedmont Plains ofSouthern Khyber-Paktunkhwa (NWFP),Pakistan; Issues & SolutionsMuhammad Nasim GolraDepartment of Irrigation,Government of Khyber-Paktunkhwa, PeshawarJavairia Naseem GolraAGES Consultants,Peshawar

IRRIGATION POTENTIALKhyber-Paktunkhwa(NWFP)(MillionAcres)Total Area (NWFP+FATA) 25.4Cultivable Area 6.72Irrigated AreaGovt. Canals 1.2467Civil Canals 0.82Lift Irrigation Schemes 0.1095Tube Wells/Dug Wells 0.1008Total 2.277Potential Area for Irrigation 4.443Lakki Marwat 0.588D.I. Khan 1.472Tank 0.436Total 2.496Rest of Province 1.947

Flood Irrigation Vs Canal Irrigation CommandD. I. Khan &Tank Districts

BACKGROUND OF AREAThese areas have approximate a GCA of1.908 Million Acers and a CCA of over 1.0Million Acers.

DERA ISMAIL KHAN• Population 1.4 Million• No damages from River Induspassing a discharge of 1.3 MillionCusecs• All damages from the Hill Torrents tothe Human life, livestock andinfrastructure• Reaction time for floods < 6 Hours.• No sub-soil water availability inthe whole Daman area

HILL TORRENTSS.# Name of Zams Catch AreasSq MDischargeCusecsMaximumLengthMiles1. Tank Zam 910 1200 1912. Gomal Zam 13900 160000 1653. Sheikh Haider Zam 175 40000 834. Darban Zam 423 70000 285. Chowdwan Zam 352 55000 1436. Sohaili Nullah 9.51 785 18.27. Kaur Nullah 20 1030 22.68. Zahan Nullah 7.5 1030 129. Doung Nullah 15.07 642 25.810. Gajistan Nullah 21.78 1355 2211. Ramak Nullah 24.39 1595 32

Trail Dykes (Sa’ds)Flow DistributorGandi

What is ROD KOHI?• Conventional Irrigation in these hilltorrents is called Kulyat and Riwajat-i-Abpashi that complies tocomprehensive irrigation practices.• Basic rights are established on basisof upper and lower riparian.

Contd..• Purpose of these structures is toa. Control water intensityb. Distribute water into further smalltracts known as “WAHS”

ADMINISTRATION• Rod Kohi wing was re-establishedunder revenue department in 1994.• Functions of wing. Maps Preparation. Rules documentation. Indigenous Knowledge and expertise. All stakeholders involved. Well Staffed.

ADMINISTRATION AFTER 2001 DEVOLUTION• Kamara at village level.• Watch and ward of structures.• WUA of Revenue department co-ordinate.• Funding through special Programs atFederal/Provincial level.• Supply of Bulldozers hours, diesel etc.

SHORTFALL• System fails in high floodsthat cause catastrophe toHuman lives andInfrastructure.

PROBLEMS IN ROD KOHI.• No regular flow.• Flooding for one crop only (Rabi).• Misuse of Rights by the upper riparian.• Mistrust.• Lack of coordination with the Lowerriparian.• Lack of decision power.

Contd..• No control over temporary structures• Lack of Technical Knowledge.• Lack of earth moving machinery,manpower, finances, maintenance.• High flood damages.• High availability of flood water wasted• Highly erosive soil of Daman area

A – TECHNICALISSUES• Due to vast variation of normal flows and floods,it is difficult to predict the land to be irrigated• Probability of command for irrigation is low,medium and high so there is high risk in RodKohi System within the command of a Nullah• Erosion and siltation are un expected and highlyvariable and have not been understood properly• Insufficient and improper management to conveyflows within the system• Maintenance.

Contd..B – SOCIAL• Low priority to system and funding• Lack of Coordination amongst all stakeholders i.e. organizers, owners having rights,water user/village associations, farmers,notables and politicians• Water distribution allocations/rights• Out migration and depopulation• Shortage of labor and tenancy• Lack of conflict management and resolution• Lack of institutional, technical and logisticsupport

Contd..C – ECONOMIC• Low value cash crop due to unsure irrigation• No alternate source of income• Failure rate of schemes is high due to designparameters, sediment transport and singlestructure consideration• Funding constraints

RECOMMENDATIONSA - MICRO LEVEL• Off-Channel flood diversions of floods to newareas• Catchment interventions like, small andmedium storages, Ponds, Delay ActionDams, check dams, plantation etc.• Alternate irrigation techniques and methodslike drip, sprinkler, trickle irrigation• Water conveyance, diversions, control andapplication• Establishing a Flood Early Warning System

Contd..B - MACRO LEVEL• Establishing an Independent IntegratedAuthority• Institutional, financial and logistic support• Specific water sector projects needed• An Indus Water Treaty like agreement withAfghanistan• Comprehensive flood management studies ofthese Hill Torrents and utilization of floodsdrained to Arabian sea• FEWS

PROPOSED PROJECTSIN THE AREA

SALIENT FEATURES OF PROPOSED DAMSName ofDamsEstimatedCostRs. BillionGrossStorageMAFDamHeightFeetAxisLengthFeetPowerMWStatusGomalZamTankZamDarabanZamChaudwanZamSheikhHaiderZam21.77 1.140 437 758 17.4 UnderConstruction19.90 0.216 275 1285 25.5 Detailed design inprogress2. 875 0.068 147 850 - Detailed design inprogress4.49 0.051 200 1936 - Detailed design inprogress3.863 0.907 190 1535 - Detailed design inprogress

CRBC LIFT CANAL PROPOSALS96 milesChashma BarrageTaunsa BarrageD.I.KhanCRBCCRBC 1 st Lift 64 FeetCRBC 2 nd Lift 120 FeetCRBC 3 rd Lift 170 Feet

CRBC LIFT CANAL PROPOSALSCanalCCA(Acres)Length(Miles)Discharge(Cusecs)1 st Lift 272960 78 2337 60Lift(Feet)2 nd Lift 248080 89 2124 1203 rd Lift 178960 101 1531 170Total 700000EstdCostStatusFeasibility studies completed for 1 st Lift Canalonly.

JULY-AUGUST 2010 FLOOD

MAIN SHOBRA CHOWK, NOWSHERA

ANOTHER VIEW OF NOWSHERA

MUNDA HEADWOKS PRE-FLOODS

MUNDA PEAK FLOODS

MUNDA HEADWORK S AFTER 29-7-2010

TAKWARA PEAK FLOODS, D. I. KHAN

TAKWARA PEAK FLOODS

TAKWARA DAMAGED

DI KHAN FLOODS

DI KHAN INUNDATION

DI KHAN DURING FLOODS

DI KHAN FLOOD DAMAGES

CRBC DAMAGES

CRBC DAMAGES