GUIDELINES TO NRDC feb 24 2014
GUIDELINES TO NRDC feb 24 2014 GUIDELINES TO NRDC feb 24 2014
Problems, Decisions, and ManagersIntroductionThis section explains why managers should look beyond today's problemsand focus on tomorrow's opportunities.ProblemsManagers solve problems, but that's not their main job. If they stay weddedto problems (usually everyday problems), they become mediocre managers:x As they solve problems, people bring them more; the more they solve, themore people bring.x Immersion in problems denies these managers opportunities to makequality decisions to avert these problems in the first place.x In solving today's problems, mediocre managers simply restore the statusquo and await more problems.DecisionsEffective managers, while not ignoring problems don't become immersed inthem. Instead, they delegate them to their rightful owners. This frees themfor more worthy endeavors:x Making decisions to avert tomorrow's problems.x Focusing on the future.Opportunitiesand optionsFocusing on the future enables us to uncover hidden opportunities. Thefuture also provides time to develop options. With options, we make betterdecisions. Without them, decisions become forced choices and likely poorchoices. By finding tomorrow's opportunities and developing options,effective managers can make enduring, quality decisions.EffectivenessManagers should not be the chief problem solvers, but people who work forthem should. However, as we've just seen, ability to solve problems is not thesole measure of effectiveness.When staff officers become formal managers and leaders, they must lookbeyond today's problems. This is what astute managers and bold leaders do toachieve effectiveness.NRDC GRC – Staff Handbook 5-14
Chapter SummaryKey points This table summarizes key section points or information blocks:Topic Summary PageObjectives x Use a six-step procedure to solve problems.x Apply adaptive techniques to make decisions.x Recognize psychological barriers to making decisions.x Increase decision-making power.x Explain why effective managers should not be problem solvers.ProblemsolvingstepsStep 1StepAction1 Define the problem.2 Gather information.3 Develop alternatives.4 Weigh alternatives.5 Select the best alternative.6 Obtain approval and implement the solution.Define the problem by stating it in one of these forms:x Infinitive phrase.x Statement of need.x Question.Submit statement to decision maker to confirm agreement.Step 2 Early solutions: Early in research focus information gathering on 5-4possible solutions. Or much information gathered will prove irrelevant.Organizex Assumptions. x Facts.5-4information x Constraints. x Opinions.x Criteria. x Definitions.Assumptions x Suppositions are statements taken to be true but unproved.5-5x They serve as a substitute for facts when unavailable.x Discard assumptions when facts overtake them or if proved invalid.x Don't use too many assumptions--you'll assume away problem.Step 3 Analyze information to--5-6x Reject unsuitable alternatives.x Pursue promising alternatives.x Discover new alternatives.x Combine them.x Identify alternatives needing more information.Criteria Criteria to accept/reject alternatives: suitable, feasible, and acceptable. 5-6Beforex Screen out unsuitable alternatives.5-6completing x Screen remaining alternatives for feasibility and acceptability.researchx Identify potential disagreements.5-25-3NRDC GRC – Staff Handbook 5-15
- Page 68 and 69: Efficiency and Effectiveness, Conti
- Page 70 and 71: Step 1: Record Use of TimeIntroduct
- Page 72 and 73: Step 2: Analyze ResultsIntroduction
- Page 74: Step 3: Eliminate Time WastersIntro
- Page 77 and 78: Step 4: Overcome Barriers, Continue
- Page 79 and 80: Priorities, ContinuedVisionVision i
- Page 81 and 82: Doing Things One at a TimeIntroduct
- Page 83 and 84: Chapter SummaryKey points This tabl
- Page 85 and 86: Chapter 4Meetings and InterviewsOve
- Page 87 and 88: Preparing an AgendaIntroductionGuid
- Page 89 and 90: Opening a MeetingIntroductionOpenin
- Page 91 and 92: Guiding DiscussionIntroductionHow t
- Page 93 and 94: Concluding a MeetingIntroductionEnd
- Page 95 and 96: Interactive MeetingsIntroduction Ru
- Page 97 and 98: Interactive Roles, ContinuedRecorde
- Page 99 and 100: Conducting an InterviewIntroduction
- Page 101 and 102: Controlling an InterviewIntroductio
- Page 103: Chapter Summary, ContinuedKey point
- Page 106 and 107: Problem-Solving StepsIntroductionTh
- Page 108 and 109: Step 2: Gather InformationIntroduct
- Page 110 and 111: Step 3: Develop AlternativesIntrodu
- Page 112 and 113: Step 4: Weigh AlternativesArriving
- Page 114 and 115: Adaptive Decision MakingIntroductio
- Page 116 and 117: Gaining Power to Make DecisionsIntr
- Page 120 and 121: Chapter Summary, ContinuedKey point
- Page 122 and 123: Informal Organization and Grapevine
- Page 124 and 125: Listening Barriers We MeetBenefits
- Page 126 and 127: Overcoming Listening BarriersOverco
- Page 128 and 129: Active Listening, ContinuedAsk ques
- Page 130 and 131: Body Language, ContinuedExamplesWay
- Page 132 and 133: PersuadingIntroductionStaff officer
- Page 134 and 135: Persuading, ContinuedSelling steps(
- Page 136 and 137: Overcoming Objections, ContinuedPro
- Page 138 and 139: Negotiating StrategiesIntroductionT
- Page 140 and 141: Negotiating Strategies, ContinuedCo
- Page 142 and 143: Bad NewsIntroduction Building a goo
- Page 144 and 145: Chapter SummaryKey points This tabl
- Page 147 and 148: Chapter 7WritingOverviewIntroductio
- Page 149 and 150: Standards and RulesIntroduction Thi
- Page 151 and 152: Active VoiceIntroduction If you did
- Page 153 and 154: Active Voice, ContinuedWhen to usep
- Page 155 and 156: Eliminating Wordiness, ContinuedCut
- Page 157 and 158: Smothered VerbsIntroduction Another
- Page 159 and 160: PackagingIntroduction The way somet
- Page 161 and 162: Readability FormulasIntroductionRea
- Page 163 and 164: Editing, ContinuedRulesChecklistWhe
- Page 165: Chapter Summary, ContinuedKey point
Problems, Decisions, and ManagersIntroductionThis section explains why managers should look beyond today's problemsand focus on tomorrow's opportunities.ProblemsManagers solve problems, but that's not their main job. If they stay weddedto problems (usually everyday problems), they become mediocre managers:x As they solve problems, people bring them more; the more they solve, themore people bring.x Immersion in problems denies these managers opportunities to makequality decisions to avert these problems in the first place.x In solving today's problems, mediocre managers simply restore the statusquo and await more problems.DecisionsEffective managers, while not ignoring problems don't become immersed inthem. Instead, they delegate them to their rightful owners. This frees themfor more worthy endeavors:x Making decisions to avert tomorrow's problems.x Focusing on the future.Opportunitiesand optionsFocusing on the future enables us to uncover hidden opportunities. Thefuture also provides time to develop options. With options, we make betterdecisions. Without them, decisions become forced choices and likely poorchoices. By finding tomorrow's opportunities and developing options,effective managers can make enduring, quality decisions.EffectivenessManagers should not be the chief problem solvers, but people who work forthem should. However, as we've just seen, ability to solve problems is not thesole measure of effectiveness.When staff officers become formal managers and leaders, they must lookbeyond today's problems. This is what astute managers and bold leaders do toachieve effectiveness.<strong>NRDC</strong> GRC – Staff Handbook 5-14