Weed Control in Pastures and Spray Fields - TurfFiles - North ...

Weed Control in Pastures and Spray FieldsL. S. Warren (11-19-09)North Carolina State University

Ten Troublesome Weeds in Hay,Pastures and RangelandsLarge crabgrassPaspalum speciesField sandburFoxtail speciesJohnsongrassHorsenettleBlackberry (rubus sp.)Buttercup speciesCurly dockWild radish / mustard2008 Proceedings, Southern Weed Science Society

Large crabgrass, Paspalum species, Field sandburand Foxtail species (Bermudagrass only)Panoramic – injures bermudagrass for one cuttingGlyphosate – apply 24 hours after 1 st cutJohnsongrassHorsenettleBlackberryButtercup sp.Outrider – bermuda and bahiaMilestone – bermuda and fescueRemedy – bermuda and fescueAlmost anything other than BanvelCurly dockAlmost anything – but apply in Oct-Nov and/or MarWild radish / mustardalmost anything before flower

Postemergence Weed Control in Hay Crops(Winter Annuals and Cool Season Perennials)Best time to control (usually*) is Oct through DecWeeds are germinating, young, actively growing*Germination depends on rainfall – could be dry,grass canopy, other factorsA good time to control is Feb through Apr*Winter weeds begin their final growth spurt* Don’t wait too late by letting weeds go to seed!

What are advantages to earlyweed identification?Can control before desired crop gets thinned outLess herbicide usually needed for control of youngerplants (save money)Herbicide may not control mature plants no matter therate (Italian ryegrass; curly dock)Herbicides do not kill weed seeds (you may kill theparent plant, but offspring will be unaffected)

Nov 28, 2006: Italian ryegrass

Mar 22, 2007: Italian ryegrass

Redeem 1 qt/AWeedmaster 1 qt/AMar 30, 2005 (1 DAT)

Oct 24, 2008

Apr 6, 2009

Pasture & Rangeland Weed ConcernsGrass WeedsInterfere when striving for pure standsInterfere with hay dryingGenerally not a health concern except johnsongrassBroadleaf WeedsNumerous, noxious, toxic, prickly (animals will notgraze)

Winter Annual and Perennial Broadleaf and GrassWeed Control in Dormant Bermudagrass FieldsPanoramic 2SL (imazapic) – Alligare, LLC(Glyphosate)-containing products such as……Numerous Roundup formulations…Journey (imazapic + glyphosate) – BASF Corp.Apply to dormant bermudagrass only generallyfrom late December to late February but do soduring periods of warm weather (60 o or higher)

How would you control…Italian ryegrass Journey, Panoramic, why not Roundup?Perennial ryegrass Journey, Panoramic??? – not on labelLittle barley Roundup, Journey, PanoramicAnnual bluegrass Roundup, Journey (not on their labels)Orchardgrass Journey – suppression onlyApply these herbicides during periods of warm weather!!!!… in a coastal bermudagrass pasture?

% ControlGrass and Broadleaf Weed Control in aCoastal Bermudagrass Pasture10080604020018 9 18 0 lsd p=.05RUMCR CERVU LOLMU HORPU2009: Jones CountyJourney 2.25L + NIS1 qt/A + 0.25% Feb 6Panoramic 2SL + NIS0.5 pt/A + 0.25% Feb 6Roundup Weathermax11 fl oz/A Feb 6Journey 2.25L + NIS1 qt/A + 0.25% Feb 26Panoramic 2SL + NIS0.5 pt/A+0.25% Feb 26Roundup Weathermax11 fl oz/A Feb 26CheckRUMCR evaluated May 20All others evaluated Apr 30

Photo Apr 9, 2009

Roundup Weathermax11 fl oz/AApplied Feb 26, 2009Photo Apr 9, 2009Roundup Weathermax11 fl oz/AApplied Feb 6, 2009Photo Apr 9, 2009

Panoramic + X-778 fl oz/A + 0.25%Applied Feb 26, 2009Photo Apr 9, 2009Panoramic + X-778 fl oz/A + 0.25%Applied Feb 6, 2009Photo Apr 9, 2009

Journey + X-771 qt/A + 0.25%Applied Feb 26, 2009Photo Apr 9, 2009Journey + X-771 qt/A + 0.25%Applied Feb 6, 2009Photo Apr 9, 2009

% Stand ReductionCoastal Bermudagrass Pasture Toleranceto Winter Applied Herbicides10080604020030-Apr11 lsd p=.052009: Jones CountyJourney 2.25L + NIS1 qt/A + 0.25% Feb 6Panoramic 2SL + NIS0.5 pt/A + 0.25% Feb 6Roundup Weathermax11 fl oz/A Feb 6Journey 2.25L + NIS1 qt/A + 0.25% Feb 26Panoramic 2SL + NIS0.5 pt/A+0.25% Feb 26Roundup Weathermax11 fl oz/A Feb 26Check

Pasture Broadleaf Herbicides2,4-D2,4-D amine or esterAimcarfentrazoneBanveldicamba amineChaparral*** metsulfuron + aminopyralidCimarron Plus*** metsulfuron + chlorsulfuronCimarron Max*** metsulfuron + 2,4-D amine+ dicamba amineCrossbow 2,4-D ester + triclopyr ester*** Tall fescue stand must be at least 2 yrs – expect injury

Pasture Broadleaf HerbicidesCurtail2,4-D amine + clopyralid amineForeFront R&P aminopyralid + 2,4-D amineGrazon P+D picloram amine + 2,4-D amineJourney*** imazapic + glyphosateMilestone aminopyralidOutrider*** sulfosulfuronOverdrive diflufenzopyr + dicamba*** Do not apply to tall fescue

Pasture Broadleaf HerbicidesPastureGard triclopyr ester + fluroxypyr esterRage D-Tech carfentrazone + 2,4-D esterRedeem R&P triclopyr amine + clopyralid amineRemedy Ultra triclopyr esterSurmount picloram amine + fluroxypyr esterTelar XP*** chlorsulfuronWeedmaster 2,4-D amine + dicamba amine*** Use only 0.25 to 0.5 oz on tall fescue – expect injury

Legume ToleranceMany forage producers like their stands toconsist of a grass / clover mixture.Because of the clover, the only herbicideslabeled for this mixture are 2,4-D (1 to 2 pt/A)and Aim (2 fl oz/A).There are lots of common broadleaf weeds notcontrolled by these two herbicides.

Fall Seeded / Overseeded GrassesIf spraying before seeding…Wait 3 to 4 weeks before seeding (check specificlabels for accuracy of statement)If spraying after seeding…Wait until seedlings get 6 inches of growth andbegin tillering (check specific labels) usually spring

Oct 27, 2008

Barley, Millet, Oats, Rye, Ryegrass,Triticale and Wheat Herbicides0.5 to 2 pt/A2,4-DFully tillered grass 4 to 8 inches tall before jointstageWait 14 day before meat and dairy animals finishedfor slaughter can forage

Barley, Millet, Oats, Rye, Ryegrass,Triticale and Wheat HerbicidesAimActive ingredient: carfentrazoneApply prior to planting up to joint stage2 fl oz/A + 0.25% NISWeed size: 4 inch in height; 3 inch rosette stageRestrictions: NoneOnly controls a few broadleaf weed species

Barley, Oats, Rye and WheatHerbicidesRage D-TechActive ingredients: carfentrazone + 2,4-D esterApply from 3 tiller up to joint stage0.5 to 1 pt/A + 0.25% NISWeed size: up to 6 inch in heightRestrictions: 14 day slaughter; do not feed treatedstraw to livestock

Rye???, Ryegrass, Oats, Triticale andWheat HerbicidesBanvel2 to 4 fl oz/A on 2 to 3 leaf weeds with 2 inchrosettesFully tillered grass 4 to 8 inches tall before jointstage7 day hay restriction for lactating dairy animals (nograzing restriction for non-lactating animals)37 day hay harvest; 30 day slaughter restriction

Barley, Rye, Ryegrass, Oats, Triticaleand Wheat HerbicidesWeedmasterA mix of 2,4-D and BanvelFollow restrictions pertaining to both herbicidesControls more weeds than either herbicide aloneUp to 2 pt/A on newly seeded / young small grainRestrictions:7 day – dairy grazing;30 day – slaughter; 37 day - hay

Barley and Wheat HerbicidesCurtailActive ingredients: clopyralid + 2,4-D amineApply to 4 leaf up to joint stage2 to 2.67 pt/AWeed size: 3 inch in height; 3 inch rosette stageRestrictions:7 day graze restrictionDo not harvest crop for hay

ClopyralidAminopyralidPicloramRedeem, CurtailMilestone, Forefront, ChaparralGrazon P+D, SurmountPlant Residue and Manure Concerns!!!!!Excellent broadleaf weed herbicides labeled forpasturesSuper sensitive to beans, peas, lentils, potatoes,various other legumes, ornamental and orchardplants

Mulch under beanplants containing apyridine herbicide

Mulch under pepperplants containing apyridine herbicide

ClopyralidAminopyralidPicloramRedeem, CurtailMilestone, Forefront, ChaparralGrazon P+D, SurmountDo not rotate to cropland for 1 year after applicationDo not plant broadleaf crop until field bioassay conductedField bioassay: plant short test rows in treated area andobserve symptoms – if none present, then plantDo not use treated hay or straw in compost or mulchDo not use or spread manure to broadleaf crops if animalhas grazed or been fed treated hay within 3 to 7 daysAnimal transfer: 3 to 7 days if taking to broadleaf crop area

ClopyralidAminopyralidPicloramRedeem, CurtailMilestone, Forefront, ChaparralGrazon P+D, SurmountTo promote herbicide decomposition, plant residuesshould be evenly incorporated in soil surface orburned. Aminopyralid breakdown in plant residuesor manure is more rapid under warm, moist soilconditions and may be accelerated by supplementalirrigation.

Pasture Broadleaf Herbicide RestrictionsHerbicide (Beef – Dairy) Slaughter Hay SensitiveGrazingCrop TransferCurtail 0 14 7 30 7ForeFront 0 0 0 7 3Grazon P+D 0 7 3 30 7Milestone, Chaparral 0 0 0 0 3Redeem 0 14 3 7*** 7Surmount 0 14 3 7 7*** 365 day hay restriction for lactating dairy cattle

Mustards(Brassica sp.)• Poisonous principle:mustard oil(isothiocyanates).• Animals poisoned:pigs, cattle, horses.• All plant parts aretoxic.• Severe gastroenteritisdue to mucousmembrane irritation40

Wild Mustard:Brassica kaberWinter annual broadleafFibrous root systemBanvel – 1 pt/acre; PastureGard – 1.5 pt/acre2,4-D amine, Crossbow, Remedy, Weedmaster (2 pt/acre)Curtail – 3 qt/acreCim. Plus – 0.125 oz/acre; Cim. Max – 0.25 oz + 1 pt/acreTelar XP – 0.5 oz/acre; Chaparral – 1.75 oz/acreOverdrive – 6 oz/acre

Wild radish: raphanus raphanistrum; winter annual bdlfBanvel – 1 pt/acrestout taproot2,4-D amine, Weedmaster (2 pt/acre)Crossbow – 2 qt/acreCurtail – 3 qt/acreCim. Plus – 0.125 oz/acre; Cim. Max – 0.25 oz + 1 pt/acreChaparral – 1.75 oz/acre; Overdrive – 6 oz/acre

Henbitwinter annual broadleafMilestone - 0.375 pt/acreBanvel – 1 pt/acreWeedmaster1.5 pt/acre preflower3 pt/acre flowerForeFront – 1 qt/acreCrossbow – 3 qt/acreCim. Plus – 0.125 oz/acreCimarron Max0.25 oz + 1 pt/acreTelar XP – 0.5 oz/acreChaparral – 2.25 oz/acreOverdrive – 6 oz/acre

Common chickweed: winter annual broadleafBanvel – 1 pt/acreGrazon P+D, PastureGard, Surmount, Weedmaster(1.5 pt/acre)ForeFront – 1 qt/acre; Crossbow – 2 qt/acreCim. Plus – 0.125 oz/acre; Cim. Max - 0.25 oz + 1 pt/acreTelar XP – 0.5 oz/A; Chaparral – 3 oz/A; Overdrive – 6 oz/A

Mouseear chickweed: winter annual broadleafBanvel – 1 pt/acreGrazon P+D, PastureGard, Surmount, Weedmaster(1.5 pt/acre)Crossbow – 3 qt/acre; Cimarron Plus – 0.125 oz/acreCimarron Max – 0.25 oz + 1 pt/acre

Carolina Geranium: winter annual broadleafBanvel, Redeem R&P, Remedy (1 pt/acre)2,4-D amine, PastureGard, Surmount, Weedmaster(1.5 to 2 pt/acre)Crossbow – 3 qt/acreCim. Plus – 0.125 oz/acre; Cim. Max – 0.25 oz + 1 pt/acreTelar XP – 1 oz/A; Chaparral – 1.75 oz/A; Overdrive – 6 oz/A

Buttercup species: perennial broadleafWeedmaster – 1 to 3 pt (preflower to late bloom)2,4-D amine – 2 pt/acre; Grazon P+D – 3 pt/acreRedeem R&P – 2.5 pt/acre for hairy buttercupCrossbow – 1 qt/acre annuals, 3 qt/acre perennialsMilestone – 0.375 pt/acre; ForeFront – 2 pt/acreCim. Plus – 0.125 oz/acre; Cim. Max – 0.25 oz + 1 pt/acreTelar XP – 1 oz/A; Chaparral – 2 oz/A; Overdrive – 6 oz/A

Spiny sowthistle: winter annual broadleafAim – 2 oz/acre; Banvel – 1.5 pt/acre2,4-D amine, ForeFront, Redeem R&P, Weedmaster(2 pt/acre)Grazon P+D – 3 pt/acre; Crossbow, Curtail (3 qt/acre)Cimarron Plus – rate?; Cimarron Max – 0.5 oz + 2 pt/acreTelar XP – 0.5 oz/A; Chaparral – 2 oz/A; Overdrive – 6 oz/A

Horseweed: annual broadleaf (winter or summer?)Banvel, Surmount (1.5 pt/acre)Crossbow, ForeFront, Redeem, Weedmaster (2 pt/acre)Grazon P+D – 3 pt/acreCurtail – 3 qt/acre; Milestone – 0.375 pt/acreCim. Plus – 0.125 oz/acre; Cim. Max – 0.25 oz + 1 pt/acreChaparral – 1.75 oz/acre; Overdrive – 6 oz/acre

Curly dock: perennial broadleafCrossbow, Curtail (3 qt/acre)2,4-D amine, Grazon P+D, Weedmaster (3 pt/acre)ForeFront, PastureGard, Redeem R&P (2.5 pt/acre)Weedmaster, Banvel, Remedy (2 pt/acre)Surmount, Weedmaster before bolt (1.5 pt/acre)Milestone – 0.375 pt/acre; Redeem – 1 pt/acreOverdrive – 8 oz/acre; Cimarron Plus - 0.125 oz/A; Cimarron MaxChaparral – 2.25 oz/acre

% ControlCurly Dock Control in a CoastalBermudagrass Pasture Treated Mar 2410016 lsd p=.05Banvel 4SL 1 qt/A806040200RUMCR May 20Cimarron + NIS0.1 oz/A + 0.25%Cimarron Max + NIS0.25 oz+1 pt/A + 0.25%Cimarron Plus 63WG0.125 oz/A + 0.25%Forefront 3EC + NIS2.3 pt/A + 0.25%Grazon P+D 2.54L1 qt/A + 0.25%Redeem 3SL + NIS2.5 pt/A + 0.25%Check2009: Jones County

% ControlCurly Dock Control in a CoastalBermudagrass Pasture Treated Mar 24100806040200RUMCR May 2016 lsd p=.052009: Jones CountyAim 2EC + NIS2 fl oz/A + 0.25%Outrider 75WG + NIS1.33 oz/A + 0.25%Weedar 64 3.8L3 pt/ARemedy Ultra 4EC1 qt/ATelar XP 75WG + NIS1 oz/A + 0.25%Weedmaster 3.87L +NIS 1.5 pt/A + 0.25%Check

Cutleaf eveningprimrose: biennial broadleafBanvel, ForeFront, Weedmaster (2 pt/acre)PastureGard – 2.5 pt/acreMilestone – 0.375 pt/acreCimarron Plus – 0.125 oz/acre (tankmix with 2,4-D helps)Telar XP – 0.5 oz/acre; Chaparral – 1.75 oz/acreOverdrive – 6 oz/acre

Buckhorn plantain: perennial broadleafBanvel, Redeem R&P, Remedy, Weedmaster (2 pt/acre)ForeFront, PastureGard – 2.5 pt/acre2,4-D amine, Grazon P+D (3 pt/acre)Crossbow, Curtail (3 qt/acre)Cim. Plus – 0.125 oz/acre; Cim. Max – 0.25 oz + 1 pt/acreChaparral – 2.25 oz/acre; Overdrive – 8 oz/acre

Common dandelion: perennial broadleafBanvel – 1.5 pt/acreForeFront, Redeem R&P, Weedmaster (2 pt/acre)2,4-D amine – 3 pt/acreCrossbow, Curtail (3 qt/acre)Cim. Plus – 0.125 oz/acre; Cim. Max – 0.25 oz + 1 pt/acreChaparral – 1.75 oz/acre; Overdrive – 8 oz/acre

White clover: perennial broadleafForeFront, Surmount, Weedmaster (1.5 pt/acre)Banvel, Redeem R&P, Remedy (1 qt/acre)PastureGard – 2.5 pt/acre; Grazon P+D – 3 pt/acreCurtail – 2 qt/acre; Crossbow – 3 qt/acreCimarron Plus – 0.375 to 0.625 oz/acre; Overdrive – 8 oz/ACimarron Max – 0.5 oz + 2 pt/acre; Chaparral – 1.75 oz/A

Thistle Control• Late fall or early spring application• Treat at rosette leaf stage• Crossbow – 4 qt/acre; Curtail – 3 qt/acre• 2,4-D ester - 2 qt/acre• Grazon P+D – 1.5 qt/acre• Banvel, ForeFront, Surmount, Weedmaster(1 qt/acre)• Redeem R&P – 1 qt/a biennials, 2 qt/a perennials• Milestone – 0.375 pt/acre• Cimarron Plus – 0.25 to 1.25 oz/acre• Cimarron Max – 0.5 oz + 2 pt/acre• Telar XP – 1 oz/acre (Musk thistle)• Chaparral – 1 to 3 oz/acre; Overdrive – 8 oz/acre

Wild garlic: clump forming perennialFeb - Mar application of…Cimarron Plus 0.125 to 0.25 oz/acreCimarron Max 0.25 oz + 1 pt/acreChaparral – 1.75 oz/acre2,4-D amine 3 qt/acre (add 0.25% NIS)

Postemergence Weed Control in Hay Crops(Summer Annuals & Warm Season Perennials)Control April – mid July……when these weeds have germinated, are young,are actively growing, not producing seedheadsInfluenced by temperature, rain, crop canopy andgrowth stage (seeded, sprigged, well established?)

Summer Grass Weed ControlIf bermudagrass field is maintained as pasture, hayor forage field, there are no herbicides for grassweed control except for bahiagrass andjohnsongrass; unless bermudagrass injury can betolerated.

Bermudagrass Pasture Summer GrassHerbicides (Probable Fescue Injury)Metsulfuron + chlorsulfuron (Cimarron Plus)0.375 oz/AMetsulfuron + Weedmaster (Cimarron Max)0.33 oz/A metsulfuron + 1.33 pt/A WeedmasterMetsulfuron + aminopyralid (Chaparral)2 to 2.5 oz/APensacola bahiagrass, broadleaf weeds also(Spray May to early June before seedheads form)

Metsulfuron09-28-07

Chaparral CombinationsApplied May 11, 2009Photo Jun 8, 2009

Bermudagrass and Bahiagrass PasturesOutrider 75WG (sulfosulfuron)Monsanto CompanyControls…JohnsongrassPurple nutsedgeYellow nutsedgeAnnual sedge and green kyllingaUp to 2 oz/A + 0.25% v/v NIS

JohnsongrassNitrate Levels0.25% okay for feeding0.5% slight risk if pregnantJohnsongrass can be >2% (deadly)Heavy fertilizer when droughtyCyanide ProductionDrought, frost, trampled 2 nd growthPoisoned horses stagger and have difficulty breathing

% ControlPurple Nutsedge Control in CommonBermudagrass Using Sulfosulfuron10080Sulfosulfuron + NIS1.25 oz/A + 0.25%6040Sulfosulfuron + NIS2 oz/A + 0.25%2002WAT6WAT12WAT20WATSprayed May 4, 2005: New Hanover Co.Check

Outrider Label - Purple NutsedgeInitiate early May to early Jun in normal seasonsbefore tuber formation and reproduction occursReapply no sooner than 40 days after initialapplication and only if you see regrowth or newgrowthDo not exceed 2 applications or 2.66 oz per acreper year***If you have severe infestations, thin stands,decent rainfall…expect to make 2 applications

Postemergence Weed Control in Hay Crops(Summer Annuals & Warm Season Perennials)Use many of the same broadleaf herbicides listed forwinter annuals and cool season perennial weeds.

Herbicides Labeled at Pasture SeedingNoneHerbicides Labeled at Pasture SpriggingDirex 4L – Dupont0.8 to 2.4 qt/A for pre weed controlPlant sprigs at least 2 inches deep to minimize injuryCrabgrass, foxtail, sandbur, seedling johnsongrass,lambsquarter, pigweed, ragweed

Herbicides Labeled for Pasture SeedlingsBanvelUp to 1 pint/A for new seedlingsWeedmasterUp to 2 pint/A for new seedlings2 to 4 pint/A for new stolonsBroadleaf weed control only

Herbicides Labeled for Well EstablishedPasturesAll other herbicides listed in previous charts must beapplied to “well established” grass.Most labels don’t define what “well established”means.ExceptionsCrossbow and Curtail can be applied after tillering.Cimarron (Max and Plus) can be applied to 2 monthbermuda or 24 month tall fescue.

Plants Poisonous to HorsesShowy crotalaria Sweet clover GroundselBlack cherry White snakeroot Black locustBlack nightshade Horsenettle CasterbeanPoison hemlock Marijuana Bitter sneezeweedBracken fern Red buckeye Butterfly milkweedHemp dogbane Lantana Red mapleMustard species Perilla mint Pokeweed

Plants Poisonous to CattleShowy crotalaria Sweet clover Black locustBlack cherry White snakeroot BrackenfernChoke cherry Black nightshade HorsenettleGround-cherry Poison hemlock Butterfly milkweedJimsonweed Pigweed spp. CockleburButtercup spp. Milkweed species Bitter sneezeweedSicklepod Hemp dogbane LantanaHemp sesbania Mustard species Perilla mintRed maple Casterbean PokeweedRed buckeye Marijuana Cherry laurelCasterbean Coffee senna Johnsongrass