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22 Kirov et al.based on a study associating expression patterns in the adult mouse brain withthe development of the mouse embryo (16).Websites of interest and related to this work include:• WebGestalt: http://genereg.ornl.gov/webgestalt.• GOTree Machine: http://genereg.ornl.gov/gotm.• GeneKeyDB: http://genereg.ornl.gov/gkdb or http://sourceforge.net/projects/genekeydb.• Entrez gene: http://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene.• UCSC genome browser: http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgGateway.• CGAP: http://cgap.nci.nih.gov/.• SourceForge: http://www.sf.net.• Biocarta (Biocarta, Inc., San Diego, CA): http://www.biocarta.com/index.asp.• KEGG: http://www.genome.ad.jp/kegg/.• GO consortium: http://www.geneontology.org/.• OBO: http://obo.sourceforge.net/.• PANTHER: www.pantherdb.org.• STRING: http://string.embl.de/.• DAVID: http://david.abcc.ncifcrf.gov/.• GSB: http://www.cisreg.ca/gsb/.• EnsMART: http://www.ensembl.org/Multi/martview.Additional important sites and mailing lists are described in Note 1.3. MethodsThe methods that are described require minimal set of computer skills: usingspreadsheet and simple text editing software and accessing the Internet. The stepsneeded to define a gene set based on expression or other high-throughput experimentaldesign are out of the scope of this chapter and could require high computer/biostatisticsproficiency and access to specialized software. As a startingpoint it is assumed that an interesting gene set (based on experimental or otherevidence) is already compiled.3.1. ID Conversion and Gene Set Management3.1.1. Gene Set Upload and ID ConversionUsually commercial microarrays designate the genes printed on the chipusing their own IDs. This contributes to the already significant set of existinggene designators. Therefore, often the first step that needs to be undertakenis the conversion of gene IDs. Although it might seem trivial, this stepcould lead to misleading results if not performed correctly (see Note 2). Itis strongly advised against the use of gene symbols (see Note 3). It wouldbe best if the input gene IDs are Entrez gene ID (formerly Locuslink ID)

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