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200 Caldwell et al.outside primer of first arm: GGG + SalI/XhoIoutside primer of second arm: GGG + SpeI/XbaIinside primer of upstream arm: GGG + BamHI/BglII orGGG + BamHI/BglII + in-frame stopinside primer of downstream arm: GGG + BamHI/BglII5′ upstream arm (XhoI-SalI)5′ GGG CTCGAG GTCGAC 3′3′ upstream arm (STOP-BamHI-BglII)5′ GA AGATCT GGATCC CTA 3′5′ downstream arm (BglII-BamHI)5′ GA AGATCT GGATCC 3′3′ downstream arm (SpeI-XbaI)5′ GGG TCTAGA ACTAGT 3′The 3′ end of each primer contains a 25 nucleotide sequence derived fromthe knockout gene locus. Only sequences with not less than 40% and not morethan 70% GC content are accepted and the primer location is shifted one baseat the time until this condition is met. Apart from generally accepted primerdesign rules known to reduce PCR artifact, try to avoid ending with “T” at the3′ most position if at all possible.2. Materials2.1. Web ResourcesFig. 3. Primer design.1. DT40 SAGE Tag Database: http://pheasant.gsf.de/DEPARTMENT/.2. Marker Cassette Information: http://pheasant.gsf.de/DEPARTMENT/dt40.html.3. Chicken EST and cDNA Databases: http://www.chick.umist.ac.uk/, http://www.chickest.udel.edu/.4. Chicken Genome Database: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/genome/guide/chicken/ or http://www.ensembl.org/Gallus_gallus/index.html.5. BLAT Search: http://genome.ucsc.edu/.6. Gene Ontology Database: http://www.geneontology.org/.7. BioEdit: http://www.mbio.ncsu.edu/BioEdit/bioedit.html.

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