1973-74 - Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany

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I. .Pre-Gondwana.Lower Palaeozoic CenAzoic. Quaternary. ~fesozoic. A. Introduction.Sponsored/Collaborative Deputation/Training/Study Research. Field Representation Founder's Technical Herbarium. Annual Publications. Building. Museum. Library. The Papers Visitors. Gondwanas. Work. Staff. from Published. Accounts and Day Assistance CONTENTSabroad. Lectures Celebrations. Committees/Boards. for fa 1973-74. Research. Outsiders. Symposia! Abroad. 10 24 15 2 44 52 31 35 40 48 49 56 58 71 76 37 39 50 61 67 60Training The Received Provided Governing by to Outsiders. Institute Body, Finance Staff. & Building39I. Evaluation Committee.PageI

IINTRODUCTIONThe Institute is devoted to the promotion of higherstudy and research in all aspects of palaeobotany and to thedissemination of palaeobotanical knowledge. Its scientificactivities arc carried out in the following six departments:1. Department of Palaeozoic Palaeobotany.2. D~partment of Mesozoic Palaeobotany.3. Department of Cenozoic Palaeobotany.4. Department of Coal Palaeobotany.5. Department of Quaternary Palynology.6. Department of Oil Palynology.Besides, there is a Geology section to render hellJ ingeologiGal, specially stratigraphical, problems and a recentlystarted C-14 Laboratory which is being established to provideRadio-Carbon dating facilities.All the scientific studies have been conducted under thevarious projects which were formulated under the Fourth FiveYear Plan, the year under report being the last year of theIV Plan. The malO achievements may be summarized asfollows.The morphology of the glossopterid fructificationsKendostrobus, Scutum and Cz"sltlla from the Lower Gondwanaof India have been completed. Remains of Lower Gondv.'anaferns have been reclassified under 3 genera, viz., Veomariopteris,Dichotomoptais and Dizeuqolheca. Fossil plants and miosporesfrom a coal-bearing bed of Singrauli have been studies indetail, on the basis of which a Lower Barakar age has beenassigned to this bed.

Micro-organisms (containing algae, fungi and acritarchs)from the Bushimay system (Pre-Cambrian) have beenworked out.Palynological study of a drill Core from the LowerCarboniferous of Libya has been completed.A study regarding the palynological composition of the,basal Gondwanas in India has shown that Talchir palyno~floras can be divided into 3 zones having sequential relationship.Further, Talchir sediments from wIanendragarh havebeen studied.Inter-relationships of palynofloras in Barakar Stage: havebeen synthesized revealing 3 palynogical zones. Palynologicalitudyof Paraspani and Macharar Nala Coals (M.P.) hassuggested the age of the former area to be Lower Jurassic.Coal samples from Chirimiri cr.) Kusmunda block ofKorba cf., Umaria cr., Pali cr.J Brahmani cr., and Umrercoalfield have been studied for dating and correlation.Petrological and palyno stratigraphical studies of WardhaValley coals have indicated that a Lower Barakar coalswamp coalified variedly depending on the water level of thecoal forming peat. A proposal for definition of genetic typeof coal that is characterized by complex features reflectinggeneral conditions of accumulation of the original materialhas been forwarded to the International Coal NomenclatureCommittee.A study of Biopetrological constituents of Neyveli lignitehas shown that the lignite may be categorized into twogroups based on source materia!' They are (1) Xyloidal and(2) Attrital, suggesting separation of the material for selectiveuse.Investigations have:: been carried out on some fertileJl

organs described under new genera Satsaflgia (S. companulata)and Nidia r". ouolis) and on a good number of mega-andmicrofossils from certain Triassic beds of India. The plantfossils of the genera GleichmiaJ Toditts, Oto

In Lower Assam, dinoflagellate stratigraphy of Jadukate,~1ahadeo and Langpar formations has been successfullyconcluded to demarcate the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary.Lower Tertiary Palyno-assemblages recovered from a numberof bore-holes of Xangwalbibra, broadly assignable to theTura Formation in the GaTo Hills of tyleghalaya, have-beenpalynologically correlated and dated. In Upper Assam, theGirujan Clay Formation in Nahorkatiya deep well has beenpalynologically divided into 3 biozones, which gives palynologicalbasis for identification of Upper, Middle and Lowerlevels of the formation in respect to the Top of TipamFormation. Palynology of another deep well indicates thatthe distribution of Key forms demarcating the variouslevels of the Palaeogene sediment of Lower Assam alsopel-sist in Upper Assam. It is :)i'{nificant to record thatGirl1jans and Namsangs developed around Arunachal Pradeshhave yielded recycled Permian forms while Girujans ofDihing river contain recycled Eocene forms, Also the Surmasediments of ::"jichuguard area contain recycled Permianforms. These evidences indicate that Permian and Eoct:nesediments were exposed in parts of Uppt:r Assam duringUpper Tertiary depositional cycles.In Himachal Pradesh preliminary ob~ervations on theSubathu assemblage indicate the presence and abundance ofhystrichosphaerids together with fewer spores and pollengrains. It has been observed Ihat fresh-water eJerrents,represented by the alga Pfdiastrum, are intermingled with thepredominantly marine assemblage indicating near - shorecondi1ions of deposition,In South India a rich marine siliceous microfossilassemblage from Cau\-ery Basin and a well presen'eddinoAagellate assemblage from "\·("~te1"nGhats ha\e beenrecovered.In \,Vestern India stratigraphicallylocated samples fromIV

a' number of measured sections belonging to the Matanomadli(Palaeocene) and Kakdi (Lower Eocene) formations indi'cate that.' these rock units can be further divided into finerbiostratigraphiczones.Four hundred fifty pollen slides of plant 'pecies fromNepal, Gujarat and Lucknow were preparc:d and studied inrelation to pollen analytical \\lark in progress.Eight hundred and twenty index cards for modernpollen grain~ were prepared.As many as seventy surface samples from Bengal,Gujarat and Nepal were investigated and charts preparedshowing details of pollen spectra.Pollen analyses of profiles from Namkhana, Uluharia,Kolera (Bengal); Nalsarovar and Dumas (Gujarat) : Thimi,Kalimatti and Manihara (Nepal) and of Purana Qila bricks(New Delhi) were carric:d out and pollen profiles constructedwhere samples yielded sufficient pollen grains.The carboni sed seed remains from Surkotada, Gujaratand Kalibangan, Rajasthan, the Harappan sites and theNeolithic site Non Nok Tha (Thailand) were carried out.777 seeds an,d fruits of germ plasm were collected fromIndian Agriculture Research Institute And added to theInstitute Herbarium.( V )

11 RESEARCHPre-Gondwana1. 1. India1. 1. I. Sea"hjor Ihe evidellce of early plant life in Ihe VindhyanFormation.Rock samples colJected a··ouod Ramapura were sub~jected to maceration. Rich remains of micro·organismsbelonging to algae and acritarchs have been recorded.1. 1. 2. Observations on the possible Psiloph)tic remains from theSitm ian of Spiti.Impressions of axes preserved in the Silurian rocks ofSpiti were examined. Their study showed that the evidencesto identify them 3.5 remains of land plants are wanting. Onthe basis of their organisation, algal affinity has beensuggested and the forms have been referred to A/gitesenter(lmorphoides Basson.1.2. Ab.·oadI. 2. I. Micro-oreanismsjrom the Bushimay System of Zaire~licro·organisms from the drill core samples collectedfrom Kanshi, Zaire Bushirnay System) were studied. Themicro-organisms consist of remains of algae, fungi, acritarch~and indeterminate remains. The assemblage consists of 25genera belonging to 40 species. The algal genera areGunjlinlia, Siphonophjcus, Sphaeraph)'cus, Palaeonacystis, Myxoccoi·des, Palaeomicrocystis gen, nov., Glenobotrydion. Fungi an:represented by I genus, Eomycetopsis The acritarcha remain;

are Protoleiosphaeridium, Symplassosphaeridium, Trematosph1eridium,GranJmargi!lata, Vauosphltridium, Archaeojauosina,Leiosphaeridia, Lophosphatridium, Orygmalosphaeridium. Kildi­!lelia, Nucellosphatrzdium, Bai,isphaeridium, ZO!lasphaeridium,and Tasmaniles. On the basis of the micro-organism assemblagea Late Pre-Cambrian age has been assigned to theserocks. A paper has been completed and sent to press.2. LOWER GONDWANAS2. 1. Morphological studies in the Glossopteris Flora2. 1 1. Auranga Coalfield, Bihar.The study of mega - fossils collected from GO\\ a(Karharbari Formation), Churia (Barakar Formation andSen::k-Gurtur (Raniganj Formation) of the Auranga Coalfiddhas been completed. 2 species of Glossopietis, J species eachof Eur>phyllum,Samaropsis and Cornucarpus have been identifiedfrom Gowa. From Churia, 4 species of Glossoptens, newarticulate form with dimorphic leaves and some scale leavesare recognised. In Serek-Gurtur, a glossoptuidean fructification,1 species of Ph~'Vllothecand some scale l\:aves havebeen identified.2. 1. 2. South KoraT/pura Coalfield, Bih.,Glossopteris leaves collected from the Lower Nakari St;am(Barakar agel have been studied. 10 types of GlosSJpterishave been identified.2. 1. 3. RaT/i~anj Coalfield, Bengal.A. Remains of Ferns collected from the RaniganjFormation of the Raniganj Coalfield have beenstudied. The Ferns earlier described as Sphe'lop.leri" Pecoptuis, Alelhopt

Neomariopteris gen. nov., Dizcllgotheca andDicholomoptcris gen. nov., on the basis of frondmorphology and the arrangement of reproductivestructures. 3 papers on these remains havebeen completed and sent for publication.B. The male fructification described by Dr. K. R.Surange in 1957 from the Kenda Colliery ofRaniganj Coalfield was reinvestigated. A newname Kendostrobus has been proposed for thesame and Kfndosporites for the monolete sporesobtained in situ from the fructification.2.1. 4. Mahanadi and Brahmni Valley, Orissa.Investigations on Scutum and Cistella have been completed.A new seed genus lndocarpus has been instituted forone-winged seeds. Completed the study on two new andthree previously known species of genus Eretmonia. Studyon the detached scale leaves belonging to glossopterideanfructification is nearing completion.2. 1. 5. Singra"li Coaljield, M. P.A small collection of plants from the Upper TalchirFormation of Singrauli Coalfield has been identified. Theplants, preserved as impressions on a highly calcareous sandyshale, comprise (i) ./\'oeggerothiopsis hislopi (ii) Gangamopteriscyclopteroides (iii) G. cf mojor, (iv) Gangamopteris sp. and(v) Samaropsis goraiensis. No spores have been found inthese shales.A sequence rtferable to the Lower Barakar Formatio{1is exposed in the Gaurbotha Nala, near Bansi Village.From one carbonaceous shale member of the sequence, somewell preserved plants were earlier described by Lele, Swaroopand Singh (1968). On fUrlher splitting of this material anumber of better preservGd leaves and seeds have been

obtained which have, in most cases, yielded cuticular struc~ture. Some previous records have now been revised. Thefollowing taxa are recognisable :Glossopteris indica, G. cf. damudica, Glossopteris n. sp. A.(with cuticle), Glossopl"is n. sp. B. (with cuticle), Glossopterissp., Gangamopteris sp. A., Macrotaeniopteris n. sp. A. (withcuticle), M. cf feddeni (with cuticle), Schizoneura wardji,Samaropsis n. sp. A. (with cuticle), Samaropsis sp., Cordaicarpusn. sp. A. (with cuticle), Cordaicarpus n. sp. B., Stem and bark·impressions with Burjadja~like scars on surface, probablysimilar stems have yielded tracheids with araucaroid pitting.The external morphological details of the above florahave been studied. The cuticular structure remains to beinvestigated in detail for delimiting the taxa more precisely.2. 1. 6. GeneralThe following reviews have been completed:(a) Glossopteris and allied remains-cuticle.(b) Unclassified Gymnosperms from the LowerGondwana.(c) Gymnospermous woods and stem remains fromthe Lower Gondwana.2. 2. Sporae dispersae and palynostratigraphy2. 2. 1. Singra"li Coalfield, M. P.The plant-bearing shales referable to Lower Barakarsequence exposed in Gaurbotha Nala near Bansi village haveyielded a rich mioflora, which has been completely investigated.The assemblage is dominated by non-striate dis~accates followed by striate and monosaccates. Simpletrilete and monolete forms are poorly represented. Themacro- and miofloral evidence of the Lower Barakar sequence4

taken together may apparently confirm with a Lower Barakarage for the beds, probably close to the Karharbari/Baral

occur in abundance and on the basis of quantitative repre~sentation they have been assigned to Raniganj age. All ulc'six samples are from one miofloral zone.2.2. 5. Chirimiri CoalfieldTwenty two samples from western part of the ChiriminCoalfield were studied palynologically. The mioflora is richin radial monosactates and trilete miospores. Two biozoneswere recognised equating with tht: Taichir and Karharbaristages of Lower Gondwanas of India.2. 2. 6. Korba CoalfieldSix bore-hole coal samples from Kusmuncla block ofKorba Coalfield were studied pal ynologically. The mioflorais characterised by the abundance or striated disaccatepollen grains. Nonstriated disaccates follow them closely.As such, two biozones have been marked, each representinga separate seam successively in the respective bore-holes2. 2. 7. Lakhanpura CoalfieldSix bore-hole coal samples from Lakhanpura Coalfieldwere macerated but none of them contained miospores.2. 2. 8. Umaria-Pali Coalfield, M P.Thirty one samples from Umaria Coalfield were studiedpalynologically. Out of these, 25 proved barren of miosporeswhile the rest yielded a rich mioflora. Amongst these twodistinct biozones have been marked. The older biozone isrich in radial monosaccates associated ",ith Callumisporaand is similar to Lower Karharbari Stage, while the youngerbiozone is rich in nonstriated disaccates.Seventeen samples from Pali Coalfield were macerated,out of which only 7 contaned miospores. They were richin radial monosaccates.( 6 )

2. 2. 9. Brahmini Coalfield, BiharLower Godwana sediments exposed in Joram Nala inBrahmini Coalfield, Rajmahal Hills were studied palynologically.Out of 61 samples macerated only 12 containedrich miospores. The mioflora is profusely dominated bystriated disaccate pollen grains closely associated withDensipollenities. This association is typical of Barren MeasuresStage.2. 2. 10. Umrer Coalfield, MaharashlraThe coal seams and associated sediments from UmrerQuarry, Nagpur have be::n studied palynologically. Themioflora recovered is either dominated by the trilete miosporesor the radial monosaccate spores. Three biozones arerecognized on the basis of statistical analysis. Basal biozone-Iis characterised by the over·all dominance of apiculatetriletes along with Sulcalisporites and Parasaccit~s.The middle biozone [l is dominated by the radial monosaccatesand Su!eatispoTites with a significant increase in striated disaccatealso. These biozones have been suggested to representthe Karharbari Stage in Umrer Coalfield.2. 2. 11. Mamnaragarh areaTalchir sediments exposed in Basia Nala and HasdoRiver sections of Manendragarh area were studied palynologically.Palynological zones based on quantitative representationof various palynotaxa have been described andcompared with the other known Talchir assemblages. Themioflora shows the dominance of radial monosaccatepollen grains mainly Plieatipallenites and Parasaecites. Thegradational change in the mioflora has been noticed betweenthe older and the younger sediments of the Talchir formation.7

2. 2. 12. Satpura Gondwana BasinFifteen samples from Ranipura and Sukhtawa areasof Satpura Gondwana Basin were macerated. All of themproved to be barren of miospores.2.2 13. Pench-Kanhall CoalfieldThe palynological details of the Lower Gondwanasediments of Pench-Kanhan Coalfield were compiled forpublication.2. 2. 14. South K arallpura CoalfieldMorphografic description of various palynotaxa founain the samples from South Karanpura Coalfield is in progress.2. 2. 15 GeneralA. Morphotaxonomic study 01 some miosporegenera from Korba, Chirimiri and Talchir Coalfields(Lower Gondwana) is in progress.B. A synthesis of data regarding the palynologicalcomposition of the basal Godwanas in Indiasuggests that the Talchir palynofloras can bedivided into 3 zones. The average TalchirmioAora suggests a continuity with the youngermiofloras of the Lower Godwanas, hence asequential relationship has been established.c. Inter-relationships of the palynofloras mBarakar Stage have been synthesized. Theresults of this study suggest that within theBarakar Stage four miofloral lines can be drawn,which demarcate the setting-in of the miofloralchanges. Thcse lines from older to youngerhorizons are (i) monosaccate/zonate/apiculate-8 )

line (ii) Scheuringipollenites line (iii) striatedisaccate-lint.:(iv) striated- disaccate, Densi·pollellit8s line. These lines divide the Barakarmioflora into 3 palynological zones. Laterally, theinter-basinal relationships of mioflora indicatemicroclimatic changes from one region toanother. This study also suggests that mOTesuccessional studies are required to be undertakento fill the gaps.2. 3. Petropalynology of coals.2. 3. 1. Wardha Valley coalsPetrology and palynostratigraphic studies of vl'ardhaValley coals have indicated variable coalfication of coalsfrom a coal swamp of Lower Barakar mioflora. A manuscriptincorporating the details has been prepar~d forpublication.2. 3.2. Singreni CoalfieldThe palynological study of all the working coal seamsfrom different areas of Singreni Coalfield were completed.Eight miofloral assemblages lAere recognised, all withinBarakar Stage. The petrographic studies arc yet to becompleted as the machine section is out of order.2. 3. 3. GentralA. Proposal for definition of genetic type of coal thatis characterized by complex features reflecting general conditionsof accumulation of primary transformation of theoriginal material is made to the International Committee ofCoal Petrology.B. Coal blocks from different coal basins from BarakarStage have been examined for determination of genetic types9 )

of coal. Several analyses of the coals have suggested groupingof composite coal microlithotypes or material groups fordetermination of genetic types of coals. The work is inprogress.C. RevIsed the earlier prepared manus(,;ript on Palyno~stratigraphy and Petrography of coals from Pench-KanhanCoalfield and submitted for publication.3. PALAEOZOIC FROM ABROAD3. 1. Megafossils and wDods.3. 1. 1. Fossil u oodsfrom Zambesi Basin.A new species, Zalesskioyxlon -?ambesiensis has been recognisedfrom Zambesi. The paper has been sent for publication.3. 2. Sporae dispersae and Palynostratigraphy.3. 2. 1. South Africa.Systematic palynology from the Lower Ganrlwanas ofSouth Africa has been done. The systematic description iscomplete.3. 2. 2. Brazil.The palynological data obtained from the study ofParana and Maranho basins of Brazil are being compiled forpublication.4. MESOZOIC••. 1. Megafossil assem.blages4. 1. 1. Trias.)i, of }\fidhpuri Area, Madhya PradeshWork has been carried out on the Triassic plants fromNidhpur and its nearby localities in the Sidhi District of( 10 )

Madhya Pradesh. The following fossil planu have beententatively idenlified from this area : Sphenoptens sp')Glossop~eris communis, G. damudica, G. bostiana sp. nov., G.browniana, G. reli/era" C. senii, G. taeniopteroids, Scutum sp.Verlebraria indica, Dicroidium sp., Taefliopleris gladulala andsome scale leaves.Besides these, a few more fertile organs have beenstudied. Some specimens, supposed to belong to a fertileorgan, have been decribed under a new genus ~atsangia(S. campanulala). It consists of a bell-shaped body. Thebasal tubular part is densely covered with unicellulartrichomes ; the outer surface of the expanded part is smoothexcept for some faint longitudinal ridges, the inner surfacebears irregularly arranged oval scars. Trichomes are visibleat place in between the scars. The affinities of the genusare not yet certain. A new megastrobilus, JYidia ovalis gen.et sp. novo has also been described. The megasporophyllsare arranged in a close spiral and consist of a stalk enlarginginto an expanded distal head which bears two sessile seedson its either side. Sporophyll's cuticle is amphistomatic.The genus JVidislrobus Bose & Sriv. has been revised in thelight of some new specimens. A relationship amongstNidistrobus harrisianus, Jlz"dia ovalis and Dicrodium nidpurensisBose & Sriv. has been suggested on the basis of similarcuticular features. A new species of Pteruchus has also beenworked out.4. 1. 2. J","assic of Rajmahal Hills.The slides have been prepared out of the examinedchert slides from the Jurassic of Nipania, Rajmahal Hills,Bihar. Some fossil conifer twigs have also been examined.The work on the cycadophytic foliage has been continued.Olozamiles from the Rajmahal Hills has been described andsent to the press. Some of the species of the genus PteTo·phyllum have been re·decribed.( II i

4. 1. 3. Jurassic-Cretaceous of Madhya Prad"h.Research work has been completed on some fossil plantsbelonging to Gleichenia, Todil", Cladophlebis, Sphenopteris andDesmiophyllUm from the Upper Gondwana of MadhyaPradesh. Three species of the genus Ptilophyllum have alsobeen identified on the ba~is of cuticular features. Theirspecimens and cuticles have been photographed. The textfiguresand descriptions have been partly completed.4. 1. 4. East Coast GondwanasA large number of fossil plants were collected in early1973 from the Atgarh Basin. The description of the generaGleich,"ia, Cladoplliebis, Sphenopte is, Brachyp~vllum andElatocladus have been completed. SOffie of the specimenshave been photographed. Preparations of their text-figureshave been started.4. 1. 5. Indian Mesozoic ConifersSome detached seed~scales belonging to Araucariacaefrom the Mesozoic rocks of India have been studied. Adetailed account of Araucarites cutchensis Feistm., A. m;nulusn. sp., A. sehoraensis n. sp. and Araucaria panlzana n. sp. hasbeen published. The non-ligulate forms have been describedunder the genus Araucarites, while the ligulate ones havebeen placed in the extant genus Arallcaria. Araucarites cttlchensisincludes impressions only. The remaining three species arebased on the cuticular features of the se("d-scales. A reviewpaper on uIndian Mesozoic Conifers" has been completedand sent for publication.4. 2. Sporae dispersae and pal) Do~tratigraphy4. 2. 1. Lower Triassic megasporesfrom AsansolA large number of megaspores have been recoveredfrom the Lower Triassic beds' exposed in the Nonia Nala12 )

near Asansol. Several of the specimens have been photo.graphed. The descriptions have been partly completed.4. 2. 2. Lower T, iassic miojlorafi om Auranga Coalfi,/dThe palynological samples from a new Triassic localityin the Auranga Coalfield, l::ihar, have been macerated. Theassemblage comprises about 18 genera and 8 species.Verrucosisporites, Decisporis and Playfordias/Jora are characteristicforms in this assemblage. The identifications and photographyof the mioflora have been completed.4. 2. 3. Lower Cretaceous paLJ'nomorphs from the BansaFOtmationA paper on the mioflora from the Bansa Formationbeen completed and sent for publication.has4. 2. 4. A1ioJlorafrom the Easl Coasf Gone/wanasStudies on the mioftora from the Athgarh Basin havebeen continued. Some of the specimens have been photographed.4.2.5. Palyno-Jtraligraphy of Meso

are rare in both the assemblages. A comparison of themioflora with the Indian Upper Gondwana mioflora revealsthat the assembla~e-A from Bar.sa closely resembles theBottom-zone of Upper Katrol, and Assemblage -B compareswell with the 1',liddle-zone of Upper Katrol. The UpperKatrol assemblages are dated as Upper Jurassic indicatesand hence the assemblages from Bansa could also be datedas Upper Jurassic.4. 2. 6. Palynostratigraphy of Parsapani coals, M. P. India.Further work on the above coals has suggested that theParsapani sediments are little older than that of RajmahalHills deposits and it might Ii in the Lower or MiddleJurassic.4. 3. Mesozoic from. abroad4. 3. 1. Palynological studies on some Zirab Coals, Persia.Taxonomic stud y is in progress.4. 3. 2. Palynological studies on some Meso

5. CENOZOIC5. 1. Morphological and Anatomical studies.5. 1. 1. Deccan lnler/rappenn Flora (Palaeogel/e)Further studies were carried out on SahmJmshpam andRodeites by preparing more sections of both of them. Aconifer wood found embeded in chert was studied in detailand photographed. Because of araucarian pitting) the woodbelongs to the family Araucariaceae and furnishes funherevidence of the presence of this family during the EarlyEocene period in India. I t also confirms indirectly theaffinity of .\fohgaoslrobus as belonging to Ara ucariaceae asalready suggested by its author.\Vhile preparing sections of chert for the study ofS'Jhnipushpam and Rodeiter, some marsile:1ccous and monacataxes with lot of aerenchyma along with some other unrccognisableplant fragments were also spotted.5. 2. General5. 1. 2. Neogene woods from Kankowali Series (Manchar)Kulch.Study of fossil woods from near Mothala and Dhanetivillages futher revealed the presence of TLfminalia of Combretaceae,Ajzelia-IIl/sia of Leguminosae and a number of otherleguminous woods.5. J. 3. Fossil woods!,om the Siwalik beds of Nalaga.h andShak'a,Himachal Pradesh (Neogene).Studies were continued on the fos:sil woods from theLower Siwalik beds near Nalagarh in Himachal Pradesh.Seven of these were assigned to three species of Dipterocarpusand one each of Cas:tia, C.vflometra, Albizzia andt\4illettia-Pongamia, \vhile one was tentatively assigned to thefamily Meliaceae. The paper is almost ready.15

Four new woods were described and photographedawait identificatif)l1.and5. 1. 4. ua! impeTeHio"s from the Siwalik beds near Bikhnathow,Bihar (Neogene).Ten leaf impressions resembling those of C%casiaantiquorum, Mangifera indica, Zizyphus mauritiana, Indigoferapulchtlla Bauhinia spp. Da/bergia sissao, Gardenia turgida,Cinnamomum tamala, Litua nitida and Ficus cunea were identifiedand a paper is almost complete.5. 1. 5. Neogenefossil woods from Eastern India(a)Tipnm S"i,s.Studies on petrified woods from the :f\1iocene of Tipamsandstones near Hailakandi in Cachar district of Assam werecontinued. Ten fossil woods were cut and sectionsprepared. They were identified as belol1ging to Ka;'ea,Glula-A1elanorrhoea, CY'JOmetraand E/aeocarpus. Further studiesalso revealed the presence of BurseTa and T"minalia fromthis area. I t is interesting to note that modern equivalentsof all these fossils are still found in the forests of Assam orneighbouring areas. The fossil wood of Bursera is knownfor the first time from India and abroad.(b) Dupitila S"itS.Study was continued on the fossil woods from Namsangbeds near Deomali in Arunachal Pradesh (NEFA). Thisindicated the presence of six new types resembling themodern woods or Sterculia, Garugrl, Albi;:;:ia. Dipttrorarpus,ShoTt'o and a member of Lauraceae. Fossil woods of

5. 1. 6. Fossil woods of th, Cuddalore Series (N,og,n,).A number of fossil wood, from the Cuddalore Serie, ofSouth India near Pondicherry were studied. Some of themare new which show closest resemblance with thoseor Dipiero.carpus, Hopea, Nephelium, Sindora) Albiz:.zia, Daubanga,Chrysophyllum and Holopt,l,a. Of these, Diplerocarpus andSindora arc of great phytogeographic importance since themodern species of these with which the fossil woods resemblemost arc found in the Malayan region. Besides, revisionof the affinities of previously known woods viz.. Guttiferoxlonindicum Ramanujam (1960), Celaslringoxyloll dakshinenseRamanujam (1960), Albi~~ioxylon sahnii Ramanujam (1960),Dalber.eioxylon antiguum Ramanujam (1960) and Dipterocarpoxyloncuddalorm" Navale (1963) was completed.5. 2. General5. 2. 1. Evolutionary trends in the secondary xyl,m of Indial1Territory floweringplants and Iheir sif!.nifieanct.A survey of the massive anatomical data of the secondaryxylem accumulated in the Indian Tertiary during thelast two decades have revealed some intresting facts in theanatomical specialization of the flowering plants from thePalaeogene to the N cogene.It is in the parenchyma pattern and the nature ofxylem rays that a marked specialization or structural evolutionhas been in the Neogene taxa in contrast to Palaeogeneforms which are characterised by primitive parenchymatypes and the ray structures in majority of cases. Scantypara tracheal and diffuse types of parenchyma are seen inmost cases in the Palaeogene. These are primitive types.However, in most of the Neogene forms the parenchyma ismore abundant occuring as wide vasicentric, aliform to confluentand in thick metatracheal bands, which are regarded17

as highly specialized or evolved types as comparedformer.to theSimilarly, the xyle!11rays also show a marked evolutionin many taxa of the Neogene in contrast to the Palaeogeneforms where primiti\'c type of ray structuresare quite common.In Palaeogene, the primitive ray structure with hetero·geneous type I and II rays are found in most of the taxaand the more evolved homogeneous rays are only present ina few cases. As against this, the Neogene forms show anincreasing tendency of having homogeneous rays in theMiocene and further anatomical specialization.As a result of this analysis, a xylotomic subdivision ofthe Indian Tertiaries into the Palaeogene and the Neogeneis possible based mainly on the type of parenchyma patternand the ray structure.5. 3. Sporae diaper.ae and palynoltratigraphy5. 3. 1. Makum Coalfield, UPPtr Assam.Scanning of the slides of the remaining 90 samples(total 170 samples macerated out of which only 121 samplesyielded spores and pollen) has been done; photomicrographyhas been completed and primary printing from negativealso done. The study is in progress.5. 3. 2. No"i,a Coalfield, Nalalal/d.Photomicrography of miospores from 4 samples fromNazira coalfield, :-lagaland has been done. About 90 printshave been made for taxono-nic study, Five remammgsamples (total 30 samples from two bore cores-Bore CoreNo. 1-18 samples out of which 5 yielded and Bore CoreNo. II-12 samples out of which only 4 yielded) collectedfrom Changki Valley, Mokokchung Distt. Nagaland havebeen macerated. Only 9 samples yielded spore-pollen18

content. Study of the 9 samples reveaied that the sporepollenassemblage of bore-core No. I is quite rich in angiospermicgrains and pteridophytic spores are well represented.Spore-pollen assemblage of bore-core No. II is strikinglydeficient in angiospermic grains while pteridophytic sporesarc markedly high in abundance.5. 3. 3. C.S. L. Jorhal male·ialThree coal samples, sent by Coal Survey LaboratoryJerhat from jeypore, Baragoloi and Tipang Collieries, havebeen macerated. All the three samples yielded spores andpollen grains. Study of these samples shows that sporepollen assemblages of all the three samplt>s compare withalready described Oligocene assemblage of Upper Assam.5. 3. 4. Oligocene of TiJ:ak Parbat Stag',Seventy types of miospores were photographed fromOligocene of Tikak-Parbat Stage which are being identified""ith the modern taxa.In order to identify the miospores recovered from theshale samples ofTura Formation at Damalgiri in Garo Hillsand from the Oligocene of Tikak Parbat Stage at Ledo,Tipongpani and Baragoloi near Margherita, a detailed studyof modern pollen flora of Assam region was taken up.Pollen slides were prepared from' the well identified plantsof this area. Photographs \""ere taken from these pollenand spores for the preparation of reference cards. This isbeing continued as it would help us in the identification ofmiospores recovered from the Tertiary deposits of India.5. 3. 5. Upper Cretaceous- Tertiary sediments of South ShiltongPlateau, Lower Assam.The paper on Cretaceous phytoplanktons of Assam.presented to the Second Indian Colloquium on micropalacon-19

tology and stratigraphy, was finalized for publication.Further palynological study was continued from the Cretaceoussequence in order to identify the local and regionalguide fossils. Processing of additional samples together withmicro-photography of the important guide fossils was conti·nued.5. 3. 6. Palynology of the T"ra Formation in the Type Area.Palaeocene assemblages recovered from the bore-holes ofNangwalbibra belonging to the Tuea Formation in the GaroHills of Meghalaya have been palynologically correlated anddated. The assemblages have been correlated within thealready instituted Cenozones e. g. Dandotiasporea tetanalaand PulmidtJes plicallJ.s. However, four new subzones havebeen proposed to explain the dissimilar composition of theassemblages highlighting the influence of environment andcondition of deposition. This study has been completed.5. 3. 7. Palynological struly in Upper Assam fo, Oil IndiaProject.A. Morphological study of the SIX species of sporesrelated to Parkeriaceae was restarted on the basis of newinform~tion which show higher range of variation withinthe already instituted species. The distributional patternof these species is being worked out in various stratigraphiclevels of the Assam Tertiaries with a view to employing themas guidefossils.B. Crude ('Iiisamples from Nahorkatiya well 256 wereprocessed. Palynological evidence was not considered enoughto through light on the probable age of the crude. A crudeoil condensate was also chemically processed but withoutany success.C. Six out of twenty-one samples from the KharsangExploratory well No. K-l yielded spores and pollen grains.20

The sediments m question ,••'ere dated not older thanl\1iocene in age.D. A priority oil shale sample from NHK well No. 263(3,540 metre depth) was dated as Lower Eocene on thebasis of palynologic assemblage. It was concluded that theassemblage corresponds to that of the TUfa top zone ofGaro Hills and Lakadong [Sandstone Member of the SylhetLlmestone Formation of Khasi and Jaintia Hills. Deltaic oran inland sea type of env ronment was postulated.E. The Tipam-Namsang-stratigraphic interval hasbeen palynologically studied. In this, the Girujan clay ofNHK well No. 1 is divisible into three lithological zones andeach of these rock units can correspondingly be identifiedby palynological means. The changes in the palynomorphcomposition reflect distinct changes in the depositional environment,Provisional biostratigraphic zones have been institutedin order to delimit various levels within the Girujans.Conditions of deposition and environment have also beeninterpreted.5. 3. 8. Simla Hills) Himachal Pradtsh.About 150 samples collected from twO measured sectionsof the Narag-Sarahan and the Kumarhathi-Haroti road sectionfrom the Simla Hills (Himachal Pradesh) ha\'e been chemicallyproessed. About 25 samples pro\'ed producth"e.l\1icroslides have been prepared and are being scanned.5. 3. 9. Subathus.Preliminary observations on the Subathu assemblageindicate the presence and abundance of hystrichosphaeridstogether with fewer spores and pollen grains. It has beenobserved that fresh-water element) represented by an alga21

Pediastrum) is intermingled with the predominantly marineassemblage indicating near shore conditions of deposition.5. 3.13. .1Tca around Mfldh and Narehi, Jt·est India.139 samples collected from 7 measured sections aroundMadh and Naredhi have been macerated. Of these 36samples yielded palynological fo"ils. Slides have beenprepared) scanned and photomicrography of the importanttaxa have been completed. Systematic description of themiospores is in progress.5. 3. 11. The Cauvery Basia.Twenty one stratigraphically located samples from a measuredsection near Pondicherry have been macerated for therecovery of microfossils. 3 samples "ielded spores andpollen grains but no phytoplanktons. ~1icroslide have beenJnade and scanning completed.Microphotography of the Dalmiapuram phytoplanktonshas been completed. Taxonomic study is being continuedwith special reference to the genus Gor~..mulaC)'Sta.5. 3. 12. The Wall'" Ghats.Productive samples from measured sections near Edvaiand Varkala have been scanned. Spores) pollen grains anddinoflagellates have been photographed. Taxonomic studyof the dinoflagellates has been taken up.5. 3. 13. Deccan Interlrappean Beds.Abeut 50 samples of chert were also macerated for thestudy of pollen and spores from the Deccan Intertrappeanseries. A rich variety of spores and pollen recovered werescanned and photographed. A detailed stud}' of these is inprogress.22

5. 4. Biopetrology.5. 4. I. Palyno-p,/rographic study of til, organic "mains.A. By polish surface technique (a new method developed)several biostructu'res of Neyveli lignite have beenidentified. Some of them are Diptl'ocarpus, C(111opll)'llum)Terminalia) Phyllanthru type.B. Morphographic study and identification of biopetrologicalconstituents of Neyveli lignite ~amples havebeen completed. The significance of this study is the separationof lignites into two groups based on source material.The are (i) anthroxyious group derived from woody substances(2) attritai group derived from spore, pollen andresin material. The former has properties of good cokingand calorific value. The latter is useful for hydrocarbonextraction.C. A propsal on the classification of 'IT exinite" maceralgroup into Xylinite. Parenchymanite. Sclcrenychmanitekas been made to the International Commission of LigniteNomenclature.D. Study of Pollen and spore of the lIlain seam ofNeyveli lignite area: Palynological analysis of the l\lainSeam has shown forms hitherto unknown in the area, the aimof the ~tudy is to prepare standard histogram of the ~:!ainSeam for comparison with other sections of the seam, Thework is in progress.5. 4. 2. AnalllThe Petrological analysis of a sample from Assam hasbeen carried out. It compares closely with attrital groupofcoab.23

5. 5. Tertiary from. Abroad.5. 5. 1. Fossil woods from Thailand.A collection of fossil woods sent to the Institute by theRoyal Forest Department, Bangkok, Thailand, revealed thepresence of Millettia, CYllomeLra and A/zelia of Leguminosae,Anogeissus of Combretaceae and Diorpyros of Ebenaceae. Themodern comparable species of these forms are still growingin the nearby forests in the north~east region of Thailandfrom where these fossil woods have been collected.5. 5. 2. Fo"il woods from the Miocene of Zaire.Fossil woods sent by the Museum of Central Africa, inTen'uren Belgium, were studied and tentatively assigned toJ"filleuia-Craibz"Q, C)tlometra) Crudia and Ltbrutliodmdro'l of Leguminosae,Dios pyros of Ebenaceac, Fagam of Rutaceae and topalmae.6. 1. Pollen morphology.6. 1. 1. LuckrlOw Flora.6. Q.UATERNARYandTwenty five pollen slidc'Sof SIX species were prr.paredexamined palynologically.6. 1. 2. Gujaral FloraForty one pollen slides of nine species have been preparedand examined.6. 1. 3. Nepal Flora.Three hundred and niaety pollen slides distributed overeightysix species of Nepal iora have been prepared24

processed and and submitted for publication(anise".in ((The Palaeobo­6. 2. of. Bengal Basin.Forty three sample;) from Namkhana profile nearSunderbans in Bengal have been pollen analysed. Thesamples are brown sandy cla}' and generally not rich inpollen grains and spores. However, fifty to one hundredpollen grains have been counted by examining five to eightslides. The pollen grains recovered from these samples areSonnera'ia, Rhizophora, Acanthus £licijolius, Sueada, Clerodendron,Terminalia Gramineae, Cyperaceae, Rosaceae, Palmae andtrilete and monolete fern spores. A few specimens of Conet:ntricyturubinus have also been encountered. The Taxarecovered from these samples represent brackish-marinewater conditions.Fifteen samples from Cluberia profile in \\'. Bengalhave been pollen analysed. The assemblage recovered indi·cate the fresh water environment. The peat samples fromKolara peat band, W. Bengal were subjected to fe-macerationand re-examination so as to confirm the freq uencies ofthe taxa already recovered from them in earlier preparations.6. 2. 5. ShiU011g, Assam.No work could be undertaken as the material previouslycollected was destroyed by the .sub-soil rise of waleI' in thebasement where it was housed.6. 2. 6. Gu}arat .•VQlsQ1fnJQr.One profile from Nalsaro\"ar (13 samples) were reinvestigatedand pollen diagram prepared. The study has26 )

evealed the dominance of Gramincae followed by Cheno­Amaranth type of pollen. Holopltleae is also recovered inquite a good number. Micro-foraminifera (both rotaIoidand biseriate) have been reported from most of the samples.Thirteen surface samples (soil and water) have beenpollen analysed. A chart showing the frequency of eachTaxon has been constructed. The itudy has revealed thedominance of Gramineae followed by Cheno/Ams type ofpollen and Leguminosae. Other genera represented sporadicallyare Prosopis, Compositac, Umbrlliferae, Acanthaceaeetc.Dumas (Dirtrict Surat).Sixteen samples from Dumas wcre pollt>n analysed andproved to be palynoJogically barren. The sporadic OCCtHrenceof Gramineae, CyperaceaeJ Cheno-Amaranth type.Compositae, Holopttlea, Prosopis etc. have been noticed.l\ficroforminif'~ra of both types-biseriate and Rotaloid Wt"t'tJseen in lhe samples 33, 35 and 40.Eleven soil samples collected while on way from Dumasto ?vlalvan have been pollen analysed. ~lost of the samplesare palynologically barren txcept for Samples No.7 in whicllmore than 300 pollen grains could be encountered. Sample).lo. 8 on the other hand is quite rich in microforaminifersthough pollen grain~ were almost absent.J\tfalvall.During pollen analytical investigation of Quaternarydeposits of Nfalvan, some well preserved subfossil fungalspore were encountered along with pollen grains. Theywere studied, photographed and arc finally ready for publication.27

6. 2. 7. N

Reinveitigation of the carbonised plant remams fromSurkotada site suggests the presence of Setaria italica andSetaria viridis rather than Ragi. (Ellusitu cororana) as referredto earlier.h"a/ibangan, Rajn,lha"(2000 }J.G)Two samples KLH2/XAI7-1 i consist of an enormousquantity of carboni sed grains of Bader (H~rdtU1n sps.) Sampleno 3 KLB 2/AAB .16) consists of three entire carbonisedseeds of Gram (CierI' arittinum)The Terracotta cal;es in sample I\'os. 7 and 8 KLB-20,566, KLB2/XBI (7) contain fragments of barley spikelet,.Uniseriate tufts of hairs have been observed at the base ofthese spikclets and their cuticles are made up of wavycpidermal cells with stomata and silica bodies.6.3.2 Archaeobotanical and IJo/lenanalytical investigation at PuranaQila (New De/hi).The study of Archaeological bricks in Sample 19, belongingto the Gupta period ha... rcvealed the occurrence ofimpres'iions and compressions of rice spikelets. In the bricksin Sample Nos. 27, 41, 45 belonging to the NBP are compre­5sions of rice spikelets, impressions of grass leaves, stems,grains of some millets and impr($sions of a dicot leaf havebeen noted.The pollen analysi, of bricks in Sample No,. 45 (A) and45 (B) has revealed the occurrence of the following pollengrains such as Gramineac, Labiatae, lloloptelea itlteggrifolia ;Cheno-Amaranth!, Compositae: Pinus spp. fern spores andunidentified pollen teuads.6.3.3 PIt/TIt eCO/IOt/!)'at XOI/ Xak Tha (Thai/aI/d)The sample derived f, om layer (2) S, D-4 (Nam Phony F)29

1966, consists of an impression of a Kernel tentatively identifledas rice. In the same sample there arc impressions andcompressions of fragmentary rice spikelets. Impressions andcompressions of rice·husks were also found in samples.;-;1'1' 1966 S, C5A (7)NPF S, C5 L (F)NPF 1966S, DFL (10) NPFS,C5 (12)6.4 .Jeropalyllolo,-vStadies in atmoc:.pheric pollen grains ~nd fungal spore'at Lucknow have been completed after cOlllplcting the draftingand photography work. The manu

7.2. Construction or Vacuum SyatemThe vacuum :system fgr Radiocarbon dating work hasto be constructed completely out of glass. Variolll glassmaterials and glass blowing cquipments have already beenacquired. The trolley on which the gla~3 manifolds will beconstructed were reconditioned. A major part of the constructionof glass system for sample combustion and carbondioxide pudncation has already been complf'fcd.7. 3. Construction of Lead ShieldThe radioactive shield of lead and mercury chambers-required for housing the C·14 proportional detector in orderto obtain high sensitivity has been designed. The radioactivepurity of ,"arious lead samples has been tested by the TataInstitute. The supplies lIf lead in bl irk lorm and mercuryarc awaited.7. 4. Construction of High Sensitive ProportionalDe-tectol' Cor RadiocarbonDating work.Professor H. Oesehger and Dr. H. H. Lo

Bharadwaj, D. C'I Tiwari, R. S. & Venkatachala, B. S.(1973). A Devonian mioflora ifrom P'oshi District,(Yunnan), China. Ibid.: 152-169.Bose, M. N. & l\laheshwari, H. K.selwramsis a new conifer fromDi6trict. l\1adhya Pradesh121-125.(197~). BrachyphyllulIlSchara, )larsinghpufGrophrlolo.'y. 3 (2) :Idem (1973). Some dela~hed seed-sc"les belonging toAraucariaceae from the l\Ilcsozoic rocks of India.Ibid. 3 (2) : 205-214..Bose, M. N. & Srivastava, Shyam, C. (1973). Some microand megastrobili from the Lower' Triassic of GopadRiver Valley, Nidhpur. Ibid. 3 I): 69-8U.Jain, K. P., Kar R. K. & Sah, S. C. D (1973). A palynologicala"scmbla~c fn~m Harmer} Rajasthan. Ibid.3 (2) : 150·165.Jain K. P. & Millepied, P. (1973). Crelaceousmicrop!anklo)}from Senegal Basin, N.\V. Africa 1. Some new genera,species and combinations of dinoflagellates. Poltobotanist,20 (I) : 22-32.Jain, K. P. & Taugourdeau - LaBtz (1973). Palynology ofDalmiapuram grey shale, Dalmiapuram Formation,District Trichinopoly, South India-I. Taxonomy.GrophytologJ. 3 (1) : 52-68.Kar, R. K. (1973/. Palynological delimitation of the LowerGondwanas in the North Karanpura sedimentarybasin, India. Palarobotanisl. 20. (3): 300-317.Idem (1973). Scope and activities of Pal.leobotanical museumsfor higher studies and research Caicutta Rw. }lcwSa. 3 (1-2) : 49-53.32

[(aI', R. K., Kieser, G. & Jain, K. P. (1972). Permo-Triassicsubsurface palynology from Libya. Pollen Spo.

Srivastava. Suresh C, (1973:. falchir mioflora from KorbaCoalfield, M. P. India. [bid. 3 (I) 102-105.Idem. (1973) Palynostratigraphy of thc Giridih CoalfieldIbid. 3 (2) : 184-194.Srivastava, Suresh C. & Anand- Prakash (1973).logical studies ill AurdoHgd Coalfidd. Ibtd.106-110.Palyno­3 (I):Surange, K. R. & Chandra, Shaila (1973) Dietyoptaidi","'sporiferurn :Feistmantel·Female cone from the LowerGondwana orIndia. Pal.robolallisl. 20 (I): 127·136.Idem (1973). Denkallia illdica gen. etsp. no,'. a glossopterideanfructification from the Lower Gondwana of India.[bid. 20 (2) : 264-268.Idem (1971). Partlla a nc~v type of female fructification fromthe Lower Gondwana of India. [bid. 20 (31 : 356·360.Tiwari. R, S. (1973). ScluuringipoiLeniter. a new name forthe Gondwana sporomorphs so far assigned taS"lealis/JOriles Leschik 1955 Smekenb. leth' 5. (I) :105·117.Jdem (1973). Palynological succession in thc Barakar TypeArea. Geophyl%.~l. 3 (2) : 166-183.Vishnu ~Iillrc, (1972). The glacial succession in the Kashmir\'allcy. A summal")" and discussion of recent research.(;'0;. S"rv. Il/d:a.. \[isc. Pub!. 15 : 89-96.Idem (1973). Cereals vs. noncereal grass poilen in India and[he inference of past agriculture. Pro!. I IJ Int. PalynolCOIlf. Novosibirk C. S. S. R. Poll", and Sporr morph%grof the recen' plants, J[oscow.( 34

Idem (l973). The Lower Karewa.. Proto III Int. PalynnlConf. •VOl'osibirsk. U. S. S. R. PalJnology of Plti,lount,Holocent. Moscow. 160-167.Vi.hnu-Mittre & Robert, R. (1973). Pollen anal)"'is andPalaeobOlany of impressions bearing sediments in theLower Karewas. Palotobolan;st 20 (3) : 344-355.aniIV.FIELD WORKJ. Two members of the Palaeozoic Departmenl visitt"d:(i) Chaibasa and adjoining areas for the collection ofDolomi te rocks for the recovery of micro-organisms ofPre·Cambrian age. (ii) Lower Gondwana exposures ofRaniganj Coalfield for megafossil. (;ii~ Lower Gond­,"vana exposure of AUTanga Coalfield for megafossil andsamples for microfossil study.2. An excursion wa'S undertaken by a member of theMesozojc Palaeobotany Department for collection ofTriassic megafossils, petrified wood and palynologicalsamples fl"Om the South Rewa Gondwana Ba!:in, MadhyaPradesh.3. Two members of the Cenozoic Department went on anexcursion to Siwaliks exposed near Nahan and neighbouringareas. They visited Dhaula Kuan, UttamwaJa,Sakcti, Kala Amb, ~Iogi Nand and Nahan and made agood collection of fossil woods and palynological sample •.-4. One member of the Coal Department visited RegionalCoal Survey Laboratories at Nagpur and Bilaspur forcoal samples from drillings in l)athkcra and korbaCoalfields.5. Three memberi of the Coal Department visited thefollowing arcas :35

(i) Talchir Co,/lfidd-A collection was made from therocksexposet in \-arious localities representing theTalchir to Panchet of this area.(ii) Cu/tock- Coal)' shale, exposed In Sedhe,hwar Hill,West of Cutlack representing the Athgarh Stage, werecollected.(iii) R,;niga71j C()alJuld- Sediment:, expused in Xoonia :\Iala,Noonia Kh,,!i and ~1achk8Jldha Jhor, representingRdniganj to Panchet transition \verc collected.43. Three memlH..:rsof the Oil Department visited the Kutcharea u, _.heck the mapping data of the l\fadh Formation.'. Two members of the Oil Department undertook fieldexcursion to Simla Hills in collaboration with the GeologicalSurvey of India party to collect stratigraphicallylocated samples from mea~urcd sections of the Narag­Sarahan and Baroti-Kumarhatti road sections. Someother localities were also visited for COllc'cLing the rocks:::.mplc5.8. Two members of the Oil Depal tmenr and one from theOil India Ltd. visited the field areas of Namphuk,Mamchik aod lIfio in Arunachal Pradesh and TipangPAni In Tirap district of Upper Assam for collecting thepalynological roci.; samples from 10th December to 4thJanuary, 1974.9. Two members of the Oil Department attended the GeologicalSun'cy of Jndia Officers training camp from 10thOctoh ..,., 1973 to 19th Januar)", 1974. They receivedtraining in topographical surveying, photogeology, quaternaryq;cology; engineering geology, mapping of sedimcnt:lryand metamorphic rocks. ground-water geology,planctable surveying, geochemical prospecting, gcophysi-( 36

cal prospecting, section measurement and economicgeology at Raipur, District, Dehradun and Olora, District,Mirzapur. Besides excursions were also made to Uttarkashiand Singrauli areas.V. SPONSORED/COLLABORATIVE RESEARCHA. Palaeozoic DepartmentLower Carr;,miferous sllbsurjace pal)'.'lOlogyfromLibyaOne bore-hole (A. J-~9) from Libya, ranging in depthfro.n 1039 to 1452 meters (413 meters thick) has been investigatedpalynostratigraphically. The studies provide the firstdetailed knowledge of a mioflora closely comparable with theTournaisan Vallatisporites Suite of the northern hemisphere.The mioflora (42 genera and 66 species) is divisible into two~iofloral assemblage zones which encompass the whole Tournaisian,with a slight foreshadO\ving of Visean in the upperpart of the borehole. The Libyan and other SOll.th.:rnhemisphere counterparts of the Vallatispol'ites~suite appearto be somewhat modified in their texture due to certainpeculiar taxa of their own A paper on this mioflora has beensent for publication (in collaboration with Compagnie Francaisedes Petro!es, France and Oil Palynology Department ofthe InstituteB. Mescz')ic Dep:utnlent(i) Jurassic plant remains found at some new localitiesin the Jaisalmer District of Rajasthan have beenstudied in collaboration with O. N. G. C., Jodhpur.The plant fossils identified are? Gltichenites sp.,Phlebopteris sp., Frond type 1, Ptilophy/lum ocutifolium,Otozamitts imbricatus, Pterophyllum sp., Taeniopterisvitlaia. T. spatulata, Etatocladus conferta, Pagiop/!}'llum sp.37

(ii) Study on the micro - and megaflora of the Jurassic inCentral India has been started in collaboration withthe Indian Statistical Institute, Caleutta. The megafossilsand some of the miospore types have beenphotographed.(iii) Collaborative re.earch work is being carried outwilh the Geology Department, Revenshaw College,Cuttack, Orissa, on the fossil plan ts from the EastCoast Gondwana.(iv) Four exposures of the Damuda Group in the BrahminiCoalfield. Rajmahal Hills ha"e been palynologicallyinvestigated in collaboration with Coal PalaeobotanyDepartment. The miospore assemblage comprises27 genera.c. Cenozoic DepartmentStudy of fossil woods from the Tertiary of Blue NileValley, Ethiopia, with Prof. Y. Lemoigne, University of Lyon,France, G.S.I., C.F.R.I., Coal Survey Labs., N.D.C.D., andN.L.C. organization. I.C.C.P., and I.C.P.D. Oil Palynology Department(i) Palynostratigraphical studies of the Tertiary Surfaceand subsurface rocks of Upper Assam. (Projectsupported by Oil India Ltd., Duliajan).)i) Palynological invetigations of the Palaeocene sedimentsof the Shillong Plateau (in collaboration with theDepartment of Applied Geology, Dibrugarh University).(iii) Palynostratigraphy of Libyan Basin N-W. Africa.(completed).38 )

{iv) Palaeopalynology of the Bedouri Bore-hole, Queensland,Australia (in collaboratioN. with CompagnieFrancais des petroles, Talence, France).VI A. TRAINING PROVIDED TO OUTSIDERS(i) Mr. Dinesh Chander Garg. Department of GeologyLucknow University,Luckno\"l.(ii) Mr. Sumanl Kumar Gupta.. do(iii) Mr. M.S. RawatBotany Dep,,·tmCR!,Govt. Degree College,Sehort~.VI B. TRAINING RECEIVED BY INSTITUTE STAF¥Sarvshri S.K. KuIshreshtha and N.C. t\!ehrotra of theGeology Section participated in the Officers 'Field TrainingCamp organized by the Northern Region of the GeologicaLSurvey of India from I Lth October, 197j to 12th January,1974.VII-TECHNICAL ASSISTANT TO OUTSIDERS1. Palynological consultation ... Oil India Ltd., Duliajan,.Assam.2. Identification of fossilwoods and leaf-imprc!5iionsfrom the Tertiary ofEthipoiaand consultation ofliterature.Prof. Y. Lemoigne, Universityof Lyon, France.3. Identification of struc· ...tures looking like seeds.Prof. M.K. llhoi, Head ofBotany Department, La'XmiNarayan College, Jharsuguda,Dist. Sambalpur, Orissa.39

4. Rocks from extra-peninsulaPermian~ for palyno·logical informations.Geology DepartmentUniversity.Roorkee5 Archaeological and othermaterials.6. Biopetrology of Lignitesamples.7. Identification of someseeds from the Siwalikbeds.8 Identification of leafimpressions.Archaeological Survey ofIndia.Deccan College, PoonaDirector, Archaeology andl\1useums, Rajasthan.President Forest ResearchInstitute, Dehra Dun.Dr. V. 1. ~leher-Homji, InstituteFrancais, Pondicherry.Neyveli lignite Corporation ofIndia.Shri Anil K. Mathur, GeologyDepartment, Panjab University,Chandigarh.Shri ~lahesh Chandra, GeologyDepartment, BanarasHindu University, Varanasi.9. Identification of Mesozoic Shri S. Singh and Shri :-

2.Morphographical evolutionIn gymnospermouspollen grains and itssignificancein stra tigraphyD. C.BharadwajLondon Univer~sit), Arizona University,ArizonaState University,New Texas Universityand PennsylvaniaStateUniversity.3.Recent trends in Botany­Palynologydo6lst Indian Sci.Congr. :'I1agpur.4.Palynology In Biostratigraphyand Palaeoecologyof Lower Ganci wanas InIndia.do6th Seminar ofCAS in Geology,Chandigarh.5.Invited proposals forKomenclature of lignitemicroconslituents.doInternational Commission,Lignite:\omenclature,Paris.6.Proposals for definitionfor genetic coal types.doInternational Commissionof CoalNo~nenclature.France.7.Inter - relationships ofthe palynoflras in BarakarStage (Lower Gondwana)India.doIIIrd Indian Colloquiumon ~licropalaeontologyand Stratigraphy)Chandigarh.8.Pa Iynological compositionof the ba,al Gondwanasin India.doMeeting held onKovember 5th)1973 in the Honourof Prof. Jr.'V. van Leckwijck)Bruxelles.( 41

9.A palynological reconnaissanceof the ?v!esozoicsediments of Zaire.M. N. Bose VIth Colloque-Africain de :\ficropalaeontologic,Tunis.10.II.Changing Economy inAncient India.Thearchaeobotanicaland Palynological evidencefor the early originof agriculture insouth and southeastAsia.Vishnu­Mittre.doInternaL Congresson Origins of Agricultureand IXthInternat. Conferenceof AnthropolEthno!. Soc.Chicago.IX Internal. Conf.Anthropol Ethnol.Sos. Chicago.12.Indian cultivated plan tsin space and time.doDepartment ofPlant IntroductionI. A. R. 1.,New Delhi.13.Palynostratigraphy ofthe Tertiary sedimentsof Assam withspecial reference to 0 ilexploration programme.14. Plant life through theages.15. Fossil plants, their modeof preservation andmethods of stud y.S.C.D. SahdodoAnnual mef.ting ofthe PalynologicalSociety of India,Calcutta.Technicalforumof Oil India Ltd.,Duliajan.DepartIr..e:1t 01Geology and Geo·physics, RoorkeeUniversity)Roorkee.42 )

J6. Plant life through theages.17. Plant fos:Jils as indicatorsof palaeoenvironments.dodododo18. Palynology, a new toolin Oil exploration.do19. Introduction to palaeobotany,kinds of fossils,modes of preservationsand methods and techniquesof study.doniques.Advance Centreof Geology PunjabUniversity Chandigarh.20. Origin and evolution ofplant lifc through geologicages.dodo21. Plant distribution. migrationand palaeoenvironmcnlalinterpretation.22. Palaeobotany in relationto stratigraphy andeconomicgc:ology.23. Palynological collectionsand laboratory tech­24. Palynology in the questof Oil.dod"d"dodododo,1043

25.Morphology and stratigraphicsignificance ofAriadnaesp

Member, Editorial'Palaeobotanist'.Member,Editorial"Palaeontologicalof India",Board,Board,Society3, Dr, D. C. BharadwajVice-President,InternationalCommittee on Palynology.Chairman, OrganizingCommittee, IV InternationalPalynological Conference.Member, InternationalCommission on CarboniferousStratigraphy.Member, Editorial Boardsof "Review of Palaeobotanyand Palynology" JI'Palaeobotanist" and "Geophytology".4. Dr. M. N. Bose5. Dr. Vishnu MittreMember, Editorial Board"Palaeohotanist".Member, CommitteeScientifique, VI ColloqueAfricain de Micropalaeontclogie,Tunis.Mem her, Permo-TriassicCommittee; VIth ColloqueAfricain de ~licropalaeontolegie,Tunis.Member, Central AdvisoryBoard for Archaeology(Govt. of India).Memher, Advisory Board.45

World Pollen Flora.Co-Chairmanfor Internat.Congress on origins ofAgriculture, IX Internat.Anthropol. Ethnol. Confe·rence at Chicago, 1973.Convener, Sub-Committee,History of BiologicalSciences in India for IndianNational Committee forInternat, Union of Historyand Philosophy of Science,(IUHPS).Vice-Chairman, OrganizingCommittee, IV Inter·nationalConference.Palynological6. Dr. S. C. D. Sah7. Dr. K. M. Lele8. Dr. G. K. B. NavaleSecretaryGeneral, OrganIzingCommittee IV InternationalPalynologicalConference.Treasurer, College of theFellows, PalynologicalSociety of India.Founder Member, Collegeof the Fellows of the PalynologicalSociety of India.Chief Editor 'Geophytology'.Member, InternationalCommittee of Coal Petrology,Member, International46

Commission ofCoal andLignite Nomenclature.Member, InternationalCommission of Coal andLignite Analysis.Executive member,"GondwanaCommittee" ofInternational Coal Petrology.Executive member ofIndian National Committeeof Coal Petrology.Secretary, OrganizingCommittee IV InternationalPalynological Conference.9. Dr. H. P. Singh.10. Dr. K. P. JainSecretary I OrganizingCommittee, IV InternationalPalynological Conference.Member, Executive Committee,The PalaeobotanicalSociety.Assistant Editor "Geophytology".Secretary, OrganizingCommittee, IVthInternational PalynologicalConference.I I.Dr. P. K. MaithyAssistant Editor "Geophytology".12. Dr. H K. Maheshwari ... Editor, Catalogue ofIndian Fossil plants.Additional Secretary, Or-47

gamzmg Committeee, IVInternational PalynologicalConference.Editor l'Geophytology"13. Dr. R. S. Tiwari14. Dr. R. K. Kar15. Dr. H. P. GuptaJ oiot Secretary "ThePalaeobotanical Society".Additional Secretary, OrganizingCommittee ofthe IV International PalynologicalConference.Assistant Secretary, OrganizingCommittee, IVIntetnational PalynologicalConference. Member ExecutiveCommittee, ThePalaeobotanical Soceity.Additional Secretary, Or·ganizing Committee, IVInternational PalynologicalConference.X. DEPUTATION/TRAINING/STUDYABOARDI. Dr. R. K. SurangeCanberra (Australia) toattend III InternationalGondwana Symposiumfrom 20th-25th August,1973. Afterwards visited(i) The Australian :-luseum,Sydney, (ii) Bureauof Mineral Resources,Canberra and (iii)BotanicalGardens, Singapore.48

2. Dr. D. C. Bharadwaj3. Dr. M. N. Bose4. Dr. Vishnu MittreBoussens (France), toattend C. 1. M. P meetingand Symposia from 12­15th September, 1973.Thereafter spent 4 weeksin U. K. visiting Museumsand Research centres atthe invitation of BritishCouncil and finally attendedAASP meeting atAnheim (California)U.S.A.TUllis, to attend the VICollogue Africain de Micropalaeontologiefrom 21March to 3 April, 1974Chicago, to attend IXInternational Congress ofAnthropological and EthnologicalSciences from2U August, 1973 to 9September, 1973.XI. FOUNDER'S DAY CELEBRATIONS(I) The Founder's Day was celebrated on 14th November,1973 the birth day of Professor Birbal Sahni, F. R. S.In the morning wreaths and flowers were placed on theSamadhi of Professor Birbal SahoLThe evening function started at 5.00 P M. Dr. M. L.Dhar, F. N. A. Director, Central Drug Research Institute,Lucknow, was the Chief Guest at the well attt-nded function.49

Professor T. S. Sadasivan, Chairman, Governing Bodywelcomed the Chief Guest and other distinguished personsand guestsAt 5.45 P m. Professor \'Vilson N. Stewart, Professor ofBotany, University of .A,lberta, Edmonton, Canada, deliveredthe 21st Sir Albert Charles Seward l\Iemorial Lecture entitled"Primary xylem, pteridosperms and the pteropsida.HProfessor K. R. Surange,Director thanked the guests.(2) Professor D. D Pant, F... A., Head of tbe BotanyDepartment, Allahabad University, Allahabad, delivered the3rd Professor Birhal Sahni Memorial Lecture entitled "Thetheory of Continental Drift in the light of recent researches"on Thursday the 13th November, 1973 at 5.30 p m. at theBirbaI Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, Lucknow.(3) Professor B. M. Johr!, F.:'

XX lecture "The water ferns - their origin" by Prof. T. S.Mahabale is in page proof stage.3. Birbal Sabni Memorial LectureThe first lecture was received from the Press. The ~econdlecture by Prof. T. A. Bennet Clark was not received fromthe Author. The third lecture "The theory of ContinentalDrift in the light of recent researches" by Prof. D D. Panthas been sent to the Press.4. Silver Jubilee LectureThe first lect ure was received from the Press. The secondlecture on "Plants & Man" by Dr. B. K. janaki Ammal isin page proof stage.5. Symposia NumbersThePress :-(a)following five Symposia numbers were sent to theOrigin & Ph) togeography of angiosperms.(b) Morphological and Structural Palaeobotan)'.(~) Stratigraphical Palynology.(d) Structure, nomenclature & classification of Pollen& Spores.(e) Late qU.jternary vegetational development in extraEuropean areasOf the above (a) has been published; (b) is in pageproof stage and (c), (d) and (e) are in galley proof stageThese are being published as "Special Publications of theBirbal Sahni institute of Palaeobotany."51

6. Proceedings of the Autumn SchoolThis is being published in a book form entitled "Aspects& Appraisal of Indian Palaeobotany". There are sixty-sevencontributions. This publication is also in page proof stage.7. Annual ReportsandThe Annual Report for the year 1972-73 was printeddistributed.8. SaleDuring 1973-74 an income of Rs. 30,075.82 was registeredfrom sale proceeds of the Institute's publications. This sumincludes the following foreign exchange earned: -u. S. 2,197.81D. M. 96.97[. 79.95XIII.LIBRARY1. Statement showing the details of stock for theyear 1973-74.S. No.JournalsBooksPositionDetailsasReprints Issue Microfilms 21,569339 ~,732 5,854 207Added 13 117 1605,694 1973-74Total31,230 2,615 194 during

2. Exchauge:(I) Number of papers purchasedfor exchange.(ii) Number of papers received as gift fromDr. R. V. Sitholey.(iii) Number of papers received as gift fromProf. K.N. Kaul.(iv) Total number of reprints sent out onexchange.(v) Number of individuals on exchange.(vi) Number of Institutions on exchange.(vii) Sets of papers of Prof. Birbal Sahnl sentout.3610361231,8422906373. Requests for exchange received from thefollowing Institutions:(i) Geologicky Ustav SAVStefanikova 41,Bratislava, C

4. Vi8itors to the Library.As usual a number of research students and scientistsvisited the Institute to consult the latest literature in Palaeobotanyand its allied topics available in this Library. Rooks,Journals and reprints were loaned to the followmg organisa~tions :(ij Oil India Ltd.,Duliajan (Upper Assam).(ii(iii)Botany Department,Lucknow University, Lucknow.Botany Department,Allahabad University Allahabad(iv) Central Plantation Crops ResearchInstitute, Karnatak, India.5. Display:(i) To promote closer acquaintance with the currentscientific literature to the scientists. the new arrivalswere displayed on every first working day of theweek.(ii)The book jackets of the latest purchases among thebooks were kept on the display board, which arereplaced with new arrivals.(iii) Cumnt Awarenees Service - This year a totally newtechnique of reader service wsa started, which isknown as CURRENT AWARENESS SERVICEunder which the paper cuttings of the latest developmentin the field of Palaeobotany and alliedsubjects are displayed.6. Maintenance.A large number of out of print and rare books and perio54 )

dicals were reconditioned.were replaced.The covers on many of the reprints7. Reprographic activities.Multiple copies of some important out-of-print publicationsand some important official documents were made bythe Panaprinl Electrostatic Photocopying :\fachine.8. Subject Catalogue.All the articles in \-arious publications received duringthe year were given their appropriate place in subjectcatalogue cards by providing suitable heading. In addition,more title ann cross reference cards were also made.9, Improvements:(i) Book Numbers-This year a new system has beenintroduced for arranging books on the Shelves. Tn thissystem the books are arranged under broad subjects by theirnumbers written clearly on a lable which is pasted on thespine of the book provided to every document, based on theSurnames of the authors. Cutter-S~nborne tables arc folio\\"­ej for the above purpose.(ii) Circulatzofl-So far, for circulation of books andperiodicals the register system was followed, in which the listof books and periodicals were being issued under the name ofthe scientists.This year to save the precious time of the scientists, anew system of circulation has been introduced. In thissystem, instead of making entries on different pages of aregister, cards have been prepared for each book, reprint andjournal. Entries of issue and return are made on these cardsmuch more quickly. This system also facilitates instantchecking of items issued to individuals, borrowers .nd tht'irdue dates of return.

XIV.MUSEUMA. Exhibition Hall. :1. Geology Hall (Hall No: 1)--All the specimens and slides on exhibition have beenproperly catalogued. Efforts are in progress to have foreach show case a cyclostyled booklet containing all informatinnsabout its exhibits. Labels and legends of the Quatc::rnaryshow cases have been replaced with new ones.2. Botany Hall (Hall No. 2)-All exhibits of this hall have also been catalogued. Thepreparation of cyclostyled booklets for individual show casesis nearing completion) As.the steel cabinets containing thetype and figured specimens are still lying in this hall, it stillremains closed to the visitors.B. Fossil Store Hall (Hall No.3) :The hall has been repaired and refloared. The fossilmaterial which was removed out last year has been shiftedback to this hall. The specimens have now been arrangeddepartment-wise. Printed labels have been prepared, to befixed on the racks to indicate year of collection, Horizon,Locality and the name of the field party or the individual.C. Type and figured specitnens/lSHde. etc :The type and figured specimensjslides are still stored inProf. Sanni's room. Their number as on 31.3.74 is ;(i) Type and Figured specimens(ii) Type and Figured Slides(iii) Negatives of type and Figuredspecimens. _114446183307( 56

D. New Collections:During this year collections were made from about15 localities of India by the Institute staff.(i) Palaeozoic(ii) :\1esozoic(Iii) Oil Department(iv) CenozoicTotal230 specimens and150 specimens andsample~.292 samples25 samples701amples(appr.)( " )( " )(" )E. Specimens received for iovestiga tion :(i) Palaeobotanical report of five petrified woods fromThailand has been sent to ~Ir. Swat Nichart Chief, NationalPark Section, Royal Forest Department, Bangkok-9, Thailand.(ii) A palaeobotanical and palynological report on onespecimen received from the Deputy Director General, G.S.J.Northern Region, Lucknow for investigation has been sent tohim.F. Presentation of duplicate fossils.Duplicate plant fossil specimens were sent to following(i) Prof. Yves Lemoigne,LahoratoireFrances.de Palaeobotanique,(ii) Dr. S.K. Dulta,Department of Applied Geology,Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam.(iii) Sh.-i Sushil Sarkar,Director of Ans,Govt. l\.'fuseum and Arts Gallery, Chandigarh.57

(iv) Prof. I.C. Pande,Director, Centr(: or Advanced Study in Geology,Department of Geology, Chandigarh -160014.G. Presentation to the Museum.Mr. B. '''eber, 8023 Dresdon, Braunschweiger Str. 4,G.D.R. has presented 6 plant fossil specimens from Miocenestage of G D.R.H. Natural History Museum, New Delhi:Specimens are being sorted out for donation to thismuseum,XV.HERBARIUMHerbariumSpeciJnensAddition of Plant specimens during the year 213Total number of Plant specimens as on 31.3.74 9426Fruits and SeedsWoodsAddition of fruil.s and seeds during the year 225Total number of fruits and seeds as on 31.3.74 921Addition of wood samples during the year. 168Total number of wood samples as on 31.3.74 2571Total number of wood slides as on 31.3.74 1877PollenSlidesTotal number of Pollen slides as on 31.3.74 8022OtherSlidesTotal number of slides as on 31.3.74463258

In connection with the identification of plant specimensthree tours were undertaken by Herbarium staff, to CentralNational Herbarium, Howrah; Central Circle, B. S I ~Allahabad and F R. l. and N. C. B. S. 1., Dehra Dun. Intotal about 514 plant specimens were identified during theyear. Besides, 30 different species important as herbariumrepresentatives were collected from Howrah; \'V. Bengal andF. R. 1. Dehra Dun, U. P. Exchange relations of herbariumspecimens were established with the National BotanicGardens, Lucknow, j:'o~est Research Institute. Dehra Dunand Central Circle, Botanical Survey of India, Allahabad.Two sets of 50 specimens each were scnt to the (\,\'0 formerinstitutions and 36 plant specimens were received from thelast institution.Through the Head, Quaternary Palynology Department'199 seed specimens were received from Indian AgriculturalResearch Institute, :New Delhi; Forest Research Institute,Dehra Dun; Indian Grass and Fodder Research J nstitute,jhansi, U. P. Gifts of seeds and fruits were also receivedfrom National Botanic Gardens, Lucknow and ForestResearch Institute, Dehra Dun.Fifty wood samples were received on payment frC1mtheForest Research Branch, Sandakan, Sabah, M ahl'yasia.Twentysix and Ninctytwo wood specimens were received inexchange, respectively from the Forest Product ResearchDivision, Royal Forest Department, Thailand and ForestResearch Institute, Pr('(oria, S. Africa, A few sets of Indianwood specimens meant for exchange we!'e cut into standardsize, and planed, to be sent to the parties who had demandedit. Two hunclrf'd twelve wood slides were received fromthe Cenozoic Palaeobotany Department of our institution.These slides have been incorporated in the Xylarium section.Six Palm wood and frond slides were given on loan to Dr.B. S. Trivedi, Potany Deptt ..• Lucknow University, Lucknow.59

Indexing of pollen slides was also undertaken this yearand almost half of the work was completed. Further, workwas stopped due to non-availability of Index cards. Seventeenpollen slides were issued for study to Palynology section,National Botanic Gardens, Lucknow.Index cards of the plant specimens af general herbariumof the fallowing families were prepared. Acanthaceae,Amarantaceae, Ampelidaceae, Anacardiaceae, Annonaceae,Apacynaceae, Araliaceae, Aristolochiaceac, Asclepediaceae,Balanopharaceac, Bcgnoniaceae, Borberidaceae, Bignoniaceae, --Bixineae, Boraginaceac, Burseraceac, Cactaceae, Capparidaceae,Caprifoliaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Casurinacea(",Celastraceae, Ceratophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Combretaceac,Campositae.Two members of the herbarium remained busy far 6months, half day in the Library for physical verification.On 19th February 1974 A. K. S. Rathore Joined asHerbarium Assistant. Shri R. S. Ojha joined on 28th March,1974 as Plant Collector.A new section "The Phyllothek" af leaf collection inthe herbarium has been started. The leaf collection wouldnot only represent the shapes and sizes of leaves of differenttaxa but also give a clear picture of venation pattern. Ineach case the epidermis and mesophyll of the leaf are removedby chemical treatments and the skeleton of the leaf formedof veins is mounted on a slide. A few samples of clearedleaf have already been prepared and the result~ are encouraging.This section will be morc useful in matching the leafimpressions of fossils taxa.XVI.BUILDINGApart from general maintenance of Building the followingconstruction work was completed :--60 )

I. Construction of Carbon Dating Laboratory I Phase,including electric and sanitary fittings and fixtures.2. Construction of 6 Laboratory rooms includingelectric and sanitary fittings and fixtures.3. Reflooring of the Palaeozoic Department laboratory.In addition the following petty works were also done:( i ) Aluminium strips fixed to Stairs leading tobasement.(i i) Providing 4 Jali doors to Guest House.(iii) Redistempering of the entire Guest House(iv) Pucca Dust Bin behind the Institute Building.(v) Providing two bath rooms for servant quarters.(vi) Providing one closed Nali for the garden.2. GardenAbout 150 roses were propagated in the Institute's Campusby means of budding out of a \vhich 80 survived. 40 weretransferred from the rose bed to different sites of the Institute.Some Cratonswere also propagated.pots.40 cuttings of Bougainvillea were also transferred InXVII.VISITORS1. Distinguished personsDr. Md. Sirajul Islam,Ed ucational & Cultural Councillor,Bangladesh High Commission)New Delhi.61

Mr. S. KiJch,Research Associate,Florida University,U.S.A.Prof. William Schopf,Deptt. of Geology, University of California,Los Angles, California, U S.A.Prof. Y. Lemoigne.Lyon. France.Dr. A.S. Lopukhin,Geological Institute of the Academy ofSciences of Kirghiz, S.S.R., Frunze, U.S.S.R.Prof. B.M. Johri,Head, Botany Department,Delhi University, Delhi.Prof. N .S. Wulfron,Institute for Chemistry of Natural Products,U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences,VI. Vovilovc, Moscow, U.S.S.R.Prof. Wilson N. Stewart,University Alberta: Edmonton, Canada.Dr. Mrs. G. Delle,Komarov Bot. Instt.,Leningrad,U.S.S.R.Prof. T. Delevoryas,University of Texas,Houston, Texas, U.S.A.Dr. J.V. Rodricks,Washinglon, D.C., U.S.A.62

Prof. P.B. Bradley,Prof. of Pharmocology, Medical College.University of Birminiharn, U.K.Shri a.p. Agarwal,Chief Chemist & Head Central Conservation Lab.,National Museum, New Delhi-II.Dr. Md. Shamsul Haq.Geological Survey of Bangia Desh,Dacca.Dr. Irfan Ali,Bangia Desh C.S.I.R·,Dacca.Mr. Mesbahuddin Ahmad,University Grants Commislion,Dacca.Dr. Z. Kvacek.Praha, Czechoslovakia.James WilliamBeeston,Coal Petrological Laboratory,Geological Survey, Queensland,Australia.Edward Street,Brisbane, Australia.Mr. A.K. Mathur,Jr. Research Fellow, Geology, Deptt.,Punjab University, Chandigarh.Fit. Lt. Mrs. & Mr. Issar,Mr. S.K. Sharma,Botany Department, D.A.V. College,Muzaffarnagar.63

Mr. Rajendra Nath Tripathi,G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur,Mr. Pradeep Kumar Verma,Botany Department, Darjeeling Govt. College,Darjeeling.Miss Rita Khandelwal,Kanpur.Lt. Col. S.P. Bhargava,A,C.C. School, Jabalpnr.Mr. P.K. Jain,Shojapur, M.P.Mr. Vijay Pande,Indore.Mr. Ram Batan Singh,Baikunthpur, Bihar.Mr R.N. Srivastava,Palaeontologist I/C(NR"G.S.I., Lucknow.Mr. Y.R. Chaddha"Council of Scientific & Industrial Research,New Delhi.Mr. S.X. Kulshreshtha,1rlohanpur Road, Meerut.1\lr. Surendra Narain Kulshrestha &Capt. J. P. Kulshrestha,Lucknow.Mr. Ved Prakash Agnihotri,I.I.T. Kanpur.64

Mr. L.P. Lall,Vice-Principal,D.C.S.K. Degree College,Maunath Bhanjan, Azamgarh.Mr. Anil Kumar148-C, Muzzaffarnagar.Kulshrestha,Mr. J. V.S. Singh,K.G. Singh & R.N. Singh of Jalaun.S. Moitra, Cande1area,Dadar, Bombay.Shri P.G. Gupta,_Curator, National History Museum,New Delhi.Km. Bharti Chatterjee,Artist, Natural History Museum,New Delhi.2. Educational and other InstitutionsDepartment of Botany, S.G.N. Khalsa College.Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan.Regional College of Education~ Bhuvant'.s}l\var.Department of Botany, Gauhati University,Gauhati.Botany Department, p.d.v, College, G\:valioLD.M. College, Imphal (Assam).University School of Science, GujratUniversity, Ahmedabad.Botany Department, Arya Vidya~itr .c;olkge,Gauhati, Assam.' r :65

Shri H.L. Della and Party, R.N. College,Dhubri, As,am.Shri H.L. D~s and Party, Contai, West Beng••• !'Department of Botany, Patna University,PaWla.Department of Botany, Udaipratap College,Varanasi.Botany Students of Saugor University,M.P.Botany Department, Gaya College, Gaya(Magadh University).Students of JantaLucknow.Inter College, Alambagh,Botany Department, Institute of Science,Nagpur.Bota"y Department,Allahabad.C.M.P. Degree College,Department of Geology a;'d Geophysics,University of Roorkec, Roorkee.Geology Department, Lucknow University,Lucknow.Department of Geology,MotHal Mahavidyalaya,Bhopal.Botanical Association, A ttarrah College,Attarrah, Dist. Banda.Department of Botany, G.F. College,Shah jahanpur.66 )

XVIII. THE GOVERNING BODY, FINANCE &BUILDING COMMITTEE AND SCIENTIFICPROGRAMMING & EVALUATION COM­MITTEE.I. The Governing BodyCHAIRMANProfessor T.S. Sadasivan,HGokulam", 54, M.K.A. Koil St.,Madras-600004.MEMBERS~1rs.Savitri Sahni,686, Birbal Sahni Marg,Lucknow.Director,Botanical Survey of India,14, Madan Street,Calcutta-l3.Professor D.D. Pant,Head of the Botany Department,UnivelSity of Allahabad.Allahabad.Professor Uma Shanker Srivastava,Professor of Zoology,University of Allahabad,Allahabad.Dr. A. Ramachandaran,Secretary to the Govt. of India,Department of Science & Technology,Technology Bhavan, New Mehrauli Road,New Delhi-ll 0029.67

Professor A.R.Rao,No.2, XI Main Road, 3rd Block,East Jayallagar,Bangalore-II.Shri M.K. Venkataraman,Dy. Financial Adviser (Science & Technology)CSIR Building, New Delhi.Director-General,Geological Survey of India.27, Ja waharlal N ehm Road,Calcutta-l 3.Professor T. S. Mahabale,Maharashtra .\ssociation for theCultivation of Sciences,Law College Road,Poona.Director-General,Archeological Survey of India,New Delhi.Shri A.B. Das Gupta,Managing Director,Oil India Ltd.17, Parliament Street,New Delhi- I.Vice-Chancellor,Lucknow University,Lucknow.Professor K.R. Surange,Director,Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany,.Lucknow. (Member-Secretary).( 68 )

Shri GurcharanSingh.Registrar,Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany,J ucknow. (Xon-member A"tt. Secre'ary).2. Finance & Building CommitteeCHAIR:\fAKProfessor T.S. Sad

3. Scientific Programming and EvaluationCommitteeCHAIRMANProfessor K.R. Surange,Director,Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany,Lucknow.MEMBERSl>rofessor A.R. Rao,No.2, Xll.ilAia Road, 3rd Block,East Jayanagar,Bangalore-] 1.Professor D.D. Pant,Head of the Botany Department,University of Allahabad,Allahabad.Dr. R.C'. Lakhanpal,Head of the Cenozoic Palaeobotany Department,Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany,Lucknow.Dr. D.C. Bharadwaj,Head of the Coal PalaeobotanyBirbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany,Lucknow.Dr. M.N. Bose,Department,Head of the Mesozoic PalaeobQtany Department,Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany,Lucknow.70

Dr. Vishnu Mittre,Head of the Quaternary Palynology Department,Birbal Sohni Institute of Palaeobotany,Lucknow.Dr. S.C.D. Sah,Head of the Oil Palynology Department,Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany,Lucknow.Dr. G. Rajagopalan,Head of the Carbon Dating Laboratory,Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany,Lucknow.DirectorXIX THE STAFFProfessor K. R. Surange, M. Sc, Ph. D. (Lucknow),Ph. D. (Cantab), F. Pb. S., F. :\. A.Department of Palar-ozoic PalaeobotanyDr. K. 1\1. 1.

Dr. H. K. Maheshwari, M. Sc., Ph. D.Dr. Shyam C. Srivastava, M. Sc. Ph. D.Miss jayasri Banerjee, M Sc. (S. S. A. Since 1.5.73)Shri K. P. Navneeth Kumaran, M. Sc (J. S. A. SinceI. 3. 74)Miss Zeba Bano, M. Sc. (Research Scholar till11. 3. 74 and j. S. A. Since 12. 3. 74).Departmentof Cenozoic PalaeobotanyDr. R. :'

Dr. Chhaya Sharma. M. Sc., Ph. D.Miss Asha Khandelwal, M. Sc.Miss R. Savithri, M. Sc. (Research Scholar till11.3.74 and J.S.A. Since 12.3P4)Department of Oil PalynologyDr. S. C. D. Sah, 1\1. Sc., Ph. D. HeadDr. Haripal Singh, M. Sc., Ph. D.Dr. K. P. Jain, M. Sc. Ph. D.Dr. R. K. Kar, M. Sc. Ph. D.Dr. R. Y. Singh, M. Sc. Ph. D.Shri R. K. Saxena, M. Sc.Shri A. K. Khanna, 1\1. Sc. (Research Scholar till11.3.74 andJ.S.A. Since 12.3.7-1)Geology SectionShri S. K. Kulshreshtha, 1\1.Sc.Shri N. C. Mehrotra, 1\1. Sc.C-B LaboratoryDr G. Rajagopalan, Ph. D. (Geophysicist Since 23.5.73)ADMINISTRATIOl'lShri Gurcharan Singh, M. A. (Registrar since 16.4.73,)Shri V. P. Gulati (Deputy Registrar)Shri S. D. Mehtani (Office Assistant)Shri S. K. Suri (Stenographer)Shri S. P. Chadha, B. A. (I'. A. to Director)Mrs. P. K. Srivastaya (Receptionist)Shri H. S. Srivastava, B. Com. (D. D. C.)Shri Bhagwan Singh (D. D. C.)Shri 1. J. S. Bedi (Steno-typist)Shri Ramesh Chandra (L. D. C)Shri R. K. Kapoor (L. D. C. Since 9. 2. 73)Shri K. Devrajan (L.D.C. Since 13. 2. 73)73

ACCOUNTSShri Ghanshyam Singh. B. Com. (Accounts Officer)Skri S. B. Verma, M A., B. Com, D. P. A. (Accountant)Shri T. N. Shukia, B. A. (U. D. C)Shri B. K. Jain, B. A. (U. D. C.)Shri N. N. Joshi (L. D. C.)Shri R. K. Takru, B. A. (L.D.C.)PUBLICATIONShri N. N. Moitra, B. A. (Publication I/C. till21. 2. 74 & Asstt. Editor Since 22. 2. H)LibraryShri J. CII. :-.Iigam B. A, B. Lib. (Librarian)Mrs. Y. Ahmad, B. A., B. Lib. (Library Asstt. from22.6.73 to 1.3.7+)MuseumDr. Anil Chandra, M Sc. Ph.D (Curator)Shri T. S. Moh,n Sh,n'

Laboratory ServicesShri R. C. Gupta, M. Sc. (Junior Technlcal.sstl.) till26.12.73.Shri D. C, Joshi, B. Sc. (JuniorMiss Asha Bharad\\·aj, B. Sc. "Miss Madhavi Chowdhury, B. Sc. »~1issIndra Kumari, B. Sc.Shri H. N. Boral, B. Sc. "Shri Raj Bir Singh, M. Sc. »Shri B. Sekar, B. Sc. "Technical Asstt.)Miss Kamla Amarlal, B. Sc. "(Scheme "Palynological Studies"from Oil India Ltd.)Shri N. K. Khasnavi" B. SC., LL. B. (LaboratoryAsstt.)Shri Vijay Singh (Glass Blower since 12.2.74)StoreShri 1. J. Mehra, B. A. (Store-Keeper)Photography & DrawingShri S. S. Rana (Artist)Shri P. C. Roy (Photographer)75

B I R B A L S A H N I INS TIT UTE GFBalance Sheet AsLIABILITIESAMOUNTRs.AMOUNTRs.Capital FundsAs per 31st March, 1973 21,98,122.60Govt. of India grants onCapital Account duringthe year 2,09,330.00~ecurring grant used forCapital formationLibrary Trays 95.95Ft. Charges on gift °1.50Maps & Toposheet 2,794.36Library Books &Journals 17,406.59 20,388.40LessRefunds to Govt. outCapitalGrantof24,27,841.00801.77 24,27,039.23Add Excess of Rev. Grants over Rev.ExppnditureAdd Funds provided by otherorganisations for CapitalFormation:M. G. T. Scheme (C.S.I.R.) 8,100.79Coal SchemePalynology Scheme""7,784.665,207.87Rajasthan Scheme (Sponsoredby Univ. of Wisconsin) ~8,913.252,42,676.4780,006.57TotalC/o 27,49,722.27( 75 )

PALAEOBOTANY,L UCKNOWOn 31st March, 1974ASSETSAMOUNTRs.Land-Donated By U. P. GovernmentWorks and BuildingAs per 31st March, 1973 10,51,167.96During the year52,863.80AMOUNTR,.32,292.001l,04,031.76Apparatus & Equipm.ents(A) Apparatus & EquipmentAs per 31st March, 1973During the year(B) Workshop EquipmentAs per 31st March, .1973(C) OjJice & Misc. EquipmentAs per 31st March, 1973During the year(0) PI.,nt and MachineryAs per 31st March, 1973During the yearEstablishment of C- 14Laboratory5,64,628.287,242.7062,213.9544,225.002,053.3777,805.193,391.4494,55,.06 8,56,113.99Apparatus & EquipD1~Dt5 (Donated)M. G. T. Scheme 7,155.79Burmah Oil Company 700.00Founders Donation 2,500.00Coal Scheme 6,645.29Palynology Scheme 5,207,87Rajasthan Scheme 21,138.90 43,347.85Total Carried Over 20,~5,785.60( 77 )

BIRBAL SAHNI INSTITUTE OFBalance Sheet AsLIABILITIESAMOUNTRs.Balance Brought ForwardAMOUNTRs.27,49,n2.27Cost of Land Donation byU. P. GovernmentUNESCO Aid FundValue of Gift in Kind-HumboldtFoundation \\T. GermanyCOlltributory Provident FundDonatioD AccountsC. D. P. Memorial FundC. L. K. Memorial FundP. C. B. Memorial FundA. C. Seward Memorial FundP. ~. SriV~lS[aVa MemorialFundOtherDorothyDona tionsWaltonFounders Donation AccountBurmah Oil CompanyDeposits Accoun tsValue of Priced Publit.:ationsas per ContraLoans and ArlvancesSundryCreditorsFor Salariesand \o-Vages1,626.882,196.001,961.757,419.5032,292.0019,629.7575,000.008,54,650.152,200.007,210.90352.70 22,967.731,52,500.001,900.0015,440.222,23,534.0051,914.00287.00TotalClo 41,99,837.12( 78 )

PAL A E a BOT ANY, L U C K NOWOn 31st March, 1974ASSETSAMOUNTRs.AMOUNTRs.Balance Brought Forward20,35,7!r.i.60UNESCO Aid EquipmentHumboldt Foundation W. Germany(Gift of Microscope)VehiclesFurnitureand Fixtures19,629.7575,091.5056,433.65As per 31st March, 1973During the year3,07,88~.2313,192.47 3,21,077. 70Furniture and Fixtures (Donated)Burmah Oil CompanyM. G. T. SchemeCoal SchemeRajasthan Sch~meBooks and JournalsAs per 31st March, 1973During the yearFounders Library DonatedMaps and ToposheetsAs per 31st March, 1973I,~OO.OO945.001,139.37979.7013,693.7420,049.1850.000.004,264.0783,742.926,503.76TotalC/o 26,02,528.9579 )

BIRBAL SAHNI INSTITUTE OFBalance Sheet AsLIABILITIESAMOUNTRs.AMOUNTRs.Balance Brought Forward41,99,837.12CarriedOver41,99,837.12( 80

PALAEOBOTAN~en 31st Marcb, 19HASSETSLUCKNOWAMOUNTRs.AMOUNT.Rs.Balance Brought ForwardFounders Fossil Collection (Donated)Dont:.t:on AccountInvestmentsContributory Provident FundInvestmentsAdvances out of G. P. F.Insurance Policies subscribedout of G.P.F. to the extent of26,02,528.9550,OGO.0017,500,006,21,560.936'7,509.0031,526.00Priced Pu.blication in Stock"The Palaeohotanist"Volume 1-20"Seward Memorial Lecture"='1os. I, 2, 4-8, 11-19Silver Jubilee Lecture No.Birbal Sahni MemorialLecture No. ISymposium on "Floristics &Stratigraphy of Gondwanaland"l\1onograph "Revisions ofIndian Fossil PlantsPart III-Monocotyledons"Picture Post CardsLoaDs & AdvancesConveyance AdvancesFestival AdvancesFlood Relief AdvancesCarried Over1,35,905.0019,076.00984.00984.0022,400.0043,800.00385.0047,748.003,500.006fi6,002,23,534,0051,914.00 ,36,66,Ofi3.888\ )

BIRBAL SA HN I INSTITUTE OFBalance Sheet AsLIABILITIESAMOUNTRs.AMOURs.TBalance Brought Forward41,99,837.12Grand Total :41,99,837.12Sd/- Ghanshyam SinghAccounts OfficerBirbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany,Lucknow.Sd/- V. B. SaxenaSection OfficerC. P.-II, Lucknow.( 82

PALAEOBOTAN~LUCKNOWOn 31st March, 1974ASSETSAMOUNTRs.AMOUNTRs.Balance Brought ForwardSundry DebtorsFor unsettled Advance C. R ..Account 47,074.40For unsettled Advance C. N. R.Account 14,885.0336,66,063.8861,959.43Unesco Book Conpon. 8,330.25Cash BalancesAt BankCurrent Account at S. B. I.Lucknow 3,28,980.44Savings Bank Account at S.B.l.Lucknow 1,34,054.22 4,63,034.66In handCash in hand (CfAJ AccountCash in hand (Oil IndiaScheme)423.7416.16 439.90Grand Total41,99,83; .12Sdf. Gurcharan Singh Sd/- G.D. Agarwal Sdl- K.R. SurangeBirbal Sahni Instituteof Palaeobotany,LucknowRegIstrar Zonal Audit Officer DirectorZonal Audit0fficer,LucknowLuckuow( 83 )Zone,Birbal Sahni Instituteof PalaeobotanyLucknow

BIRBAL SAHNI INSTITUTE OFIncome & Expenditure Account for theExpenditurePlanNon-PlanTotalAcademic: ExpensesTo Pay & Allowanceacademic StaffTo field ExcursionsTo RefresherCourseExpensesTo Honorarium toLecturers:of 1,68,791.58 2,63,437,77 4,32,229.3511,999.8511,999,85(i) Bitbal Sahni MemorialLecturer(ii) Silver Jubilee MemorialLecturer.To ,training of Academicstaff at G.S.I. CampTo International350.00350.003,870.39350.00350.003,870.39Programmes:DeputationsAbroad'To Series of ExtensionLectures24,814.60 24.814.60To Honorarium to ForeignVisiting ScientistsTo Presentation of MedalsCarried Over 1,68,791.58 3,04,822.61 4,73,614.1984 )

PALAEOBOTANY,LUCKNOWYear Ending 31st March, 1974Income Plan Non-Plan TotalBalance of Last Year'sGrant on RevenueA/C allowed for expenditureduring cur..rent year! SilverJubilee and Oil IndiaGrant A/C.59,568.89 59,568.89By Grants from Govt.of India on RevenueAccount 2,83,000.00 10,14,340.00 12,97,340.00By Grants from Govt. ofIndia for Silver JubileeBy Grants from U. P.Govt. on Revenue A/C.By Grants from Govt.of India for Res.Scholarship5,000.00 5,000.0015,054.00 15,054.00By Grant. from other OrgaaisatioDs(i) Oil India Ltd.(ii) Subventions fromUniversities andU. G. C. for Silver.J ubi!ee Celebrations10,000.00 10,000.003,303.55 3,303.55Carried Over 2,83,000.00 11,07,266.44 13,90,266.44( 85

BIRBAL SAH 11 INSTITUTE OFIncome & Expenditure Account fOT theExpenditure Plan Non-Plan TotalBrought Forward 1,68,791.58 3,04,822.61 473,614.19tixpense& on ServicesAnciJiary to ResarcbTo Pay & Allowances ofAuxiliary Tech. Staff. 31,319.31To Chemicals, Glassware,Photogoods &Small Apparatus etc.To Library RequiremenlsTo Museum RequirementsTo Herbarium Requirements ­To Maintenanceof Equipment& Apparatus &Workshop Machinery etc.To Pablication Expenses"ThePalaeobotanist"SymposiumMonographBirbal Sahni MemorialLectureSilver Jubilee MemorialLectureSeward Memorial LectureAnnual Report97,531.1+23,521.0519,972.432,937.792,008.0828,754.62382.80328.00475.602,150.321,28,850.4523,521.0519,972.432,937.792,008.0828,754.62382.80328.00475.602,150.32Carried Over 2,00,110.89 4,82,884.44 6,82,995.3386

PALAEOBOTANY,LUCK NOWYear Ending 31st March, 1974Income Plan Non-Plan TotalBrought Forward 2,83,000,00 11,07,266.44 13,90,266.44By Sale Proceeds of Publications(i) The Palaeohotanist(ii) Monographs(iii) Symposium(iv) Seward MemorialLecture.(v) Picture Post Cards29,309.62296.30134.40335.50562.00485.34401.9529,309.62296.30134.40335.50562.00485.34401.95By other Jncome(i) By Vehicle charges(ii) By Telephone charges(iii) By Visiting Scientistroom charges235.00 235.00By Miscellaneous Receipts and RecoveriesMiscellaneous Receiptsand Recoveries 284.98 5,863.30 6,148.28Recoveries of FloodAdvance 4,250.00 4,250.00Recoveries of ConveyanceAdvance 1,610.00 1,610.00Recoveries of FestivalAdvanceReceipt from ContractorsInterest on Advances480.001.40480.001.40Total CIO Rs. 2,83,284.9811,51,231.2514,34,516.23( 87 )

BIRBAL SAHNI INSTITUTE OFIncome & Expenditure Account for theExpendi ture Plan Non-Plan TotalBrought Farward 2,00,110.89 4,82,884.44 6,82,995.33To Travelling and otherAllowancesFor Governing Body,Scientific Programmes &Evaluation Committe andSelection Commi tteemeetingsFor attending Scientificmeetings & Conferencesin India and for otherpurposes. 1,209.84 173.53 14,163.74 271.93 5,466.69 18,288,21 600.00 1,684.90 720.00 298.64 4,124.47 98.40 475.06 5,466.69 298.24 600,00 720.00Allowance Concession Secretary Medical Tuition Fee Expenees to Chairman4,649.78 4,649.78Total Cia Rs. 2,04,808.82 5,10,166.26 7,14,975.0888

PALAEOBOTANY,LUCKXOWYear Ending 31st March, 1974Income Plan TotalBrought Forward 2,83,284.98 11,51,231.25 14,34,516.23Carried Over 2,83,284.98 11,51,231.25 14,34,516.23( 89 )

BIRBAL SAliNI INSTITUTE OFIncome & Expenditure Account for theExpenditure Plan Non-Plan TotalBrought Forward 2,04,808.82 5,10,166.26 7,14,975.08To General ExpensesTo Pay & Allowance ofAdministrative staff 22,535.83 1,65,526.93 1,88,062.76To Telephone & TrunkCaB chargesTo Postage12,052.255,849.7512,052 255,849.75To Advertisement chargesTo Hot & Cold WeatherchargesTn Petrol & ~[obil Oil 619.00To Electricity chargt:gTo Municipal TaxesTo Insurance of Vehicles& LibraryTo Uniform to Class IVStaffTo Printing & StationeryTo Customs Duty &Port Trust charge~To Railway Fe & CarriageTo Entertainment All. toDirector5,773.421,700.004,241,2610,017.424,377.18589.253,205.696,993.5~180.85728.231,246.095,773.421,700.004,860.2610,017.424,377.18589.253,205.696,993.53180.85n8.231,246.09Carried Over 2,27,963.65 7,32,648.11 9,60,611.76( 90 )

PALAEOBOTANY,LUCKNOWYear Ending 31st March, 1974Income Plan Non-Plan TotalBrought Forward 2,83,284.98 11,51,23125 14,34,516.23Carried Over 2,83,284.98 11,5 J ,231.25 14,34,516.23( 91

•7,862.41 Non-Plan 2;,721.00 23,436.32 3,500.00 49,358.00 28.00 3,933.01 4,897.10 9,031.12 1,456.17 3,763.22 J 7,932.41 1,950.01 19,505.00 ,551.88 18,382.74 2,502.42 Total & UnnExps.vident contribution Medical Building Fund advice to Pro-2,27,963.65 Plan 6,216.00 BIRBAL 5,053.58 1,260.80 J70.00r 7,32,648.11 SAHNI 1,551.88 49,358.00 1,950.01 3,933.01 4,897.10 3,500.00 1,456.17 INSTITUTE 28.00 9,60,611. 76 OFessTo cation Conveyance Silver Pay & Jubilee Allowances advance P"bli-ee Expenses Income & Expenditure Account for thediturelCarried Over 2,40,564.03 8,56,605.97 10,97,170.00( 92

PALAEOBOTANY,LUCKNOWYear Ending 31st March, 1974Income Plan Non-Plan TotalBrought Forward 2,83,284.98 11,51,231.25 14,34,516.23•"CarriedOver2,?3,284.98.11,51,231.25 14,34,516,23( 93 )

BlRBAL SAHNI INSTITUTE OFIncome & Expenditure Account for theExpenditure Plan Non-Plan TotalBrought Forward 2,{0,564.03 8,56,605.97 10,97,170.00To Govt. of India ScholarshipsExpeoses 15,053.72 15,053.72To Last Year's Excess ExpenditureCentral Recurring grantaccount 44,811.02 24,675.49 69,486.~ IGovt. of India Res.Scholarship grant A/C 00.53 00.53To expenditure ontransfer to C. N. R.A IeTo expenditure onMisc. I\eccipts5,105.00• 4,887.005,105.004,887.002,85,375.05 9,06,327.71 11,91,702.76Excess of revenue overexpenditure (- )2,090.07( +)2,44,903.54( +)2,42,813.47Grand Total Rs. 2,83,284.9811,51,231.2514,34,516.23Sd.'-Ghanshyam SinghAccounts OfficerBirbal Sahni Institute ofPalaeobotany, Lucknow.Sd.l- Gurcharan SinghRegistrarBirbal Sahni Institute ofPalaeobotany, Luc~know.94Sd 1- V. B. SaxenaSection OfficerC. P. II, Lucknow.

PALAEOBOTANY,~UCKNOWYear Ending 31st March, 1974Income Plan Non-Plan TotalBrought Forward 2,83,284.98 11,51,231.25 14,34,516.23Grand Total Rs. 2,83,284.98 11,51,231.25 14,34,516.23Sd/- G. D. AgarwalZonal Audit Officer,Lucknow Zone, LucknowSd/-K. R. SurangeDirectorBirbal Sahni Institute ofPalaeobotany,Lucknow.( 95 )

BIRBAL SAH="I INSTITUTE OFReceipt and Payment Account for theReceipts Plan Non-Plan TolalTo Opening BalaDfCe 1,03,154.85Bank Accounl (Mise) 155.42 21.16 60.09Cash Account15,370.23 1,448.52 57,883.79Oil India AccountBank AccountCash AccountDonation AcceaatBank Account1,03,154.85 60.00 15,370.23 57.883.79 1,448.52 21.16 155.42Silver Jubilee AccountBank AccountAmount spent out of balancenow recoupedRefund of ~xcursion AdvanceProceeds of Cancelled chequeTo Gov!. of India Granl'(REV. A/c) 2,09,330.00 2.09,330.00To Govl, of Indi3(Rev. A/c) 2,83,000.00 10,14,340.00 12,97,340.00Govt. of India Grants(S. J. A/c)To Govl. of India Res.Schol. Granls10,000.00To Govl of U. P. Research3,303.55 5,000.00 GranlTo Grants f10m other organisations :Silver JubileeOil India15,054.00 10.000.eo 5,000.00 15,054.00 3,303.55C:lrried Over 5,95,484.85 11,22,636.67 17,18,121.52( 96 )

PALAEOBOTANY,LUCKNOW.e •.'od 1.4.1973 to 31.3.1974Payments Plan Non-PIau TotalBy Opening Balance 44,811.02By Works & Building 52,009.70By Resear&h Apparatus &Equipment 18,871.00By Equipment for servicesAncilliary to Research:Photography section 3,254.30Library 3,837.59HerbariumMuseum 2,053.37\t\'orkshop, Maceration,AHditorium and Lab. Stores 460.00Visiting Scientist Room 1,484.59Garden EquipmentGlllice and Misc. Equipment 3,391.HC-14 Laboratory 1,02,886.74By Furniture & Fixtures 10,811.03By VehiclesBy Refund of Grants toGovernmentCapital Grants801. 77Revenue Grants24,676.02 69,487.0452,009.7018,871.003,2540.303,83U92,053.37460.001,484.593,391.441,02,886.7410,811.03801.77Silver Jubilee GrantsBy Pay and Allowances:Pay (Academic) 1,14,935.30 1,83,382.76 2,98,318.06Pay (Auxiliary Technical)13,707.37 45,514.74 59,222.1 JCarried Over 3,73,315.22 2,53,573.52 6,26,888.74( 97 )

BIRBAL SAHNI INSTITUTE OFReceipt and Payment ACCOUDIfor the,ReceiptsPlan Non-Plan TotalBrought Farword 5,95,484.85 11,22,636.67 17,18,121.52To Sale Proceeds of Publications:The PalaeobotanistMonographSymposiumSeward ~1emorial LecturePicture Post Cards29,309.62296.30134.40335.50562.0029,309.62296.30134.40335.505,,2.00To Administrative ReceiptsIncome Tax8,672.00 18,575.00 27,247.00Insurance Premium(S. S. Scheme) 5,599.84 17,384.68 22,984.52 485.34 401.95 235.00 71,637.00 38,066.00 650.00 6,148.23 6,515.00C. T. D. (Post Office) 485.34 28,749.00 235.00 401.95 470.00 180.00Vehicle Charges 53,769.00 5,863.30 4,980.00Telephone ChargesV. S. Room ChargesRecovery of Advances &Interest Under C.P.F. 17,868.00C. P. F. Subscription 9,317.00Excess Subsription ofC. P. F.1,535.00Misc. recei pts &Recoveries284.98To Loans aDd AdvancesRecovery of Flood ReliefAdvance 4,250.00 4,250.00Carried Over 6,38,941.67 12,~8,437. 76 19,27,379.43( 98 )

PALAEOBOTANY,LUCKNOW.Period 1.4.1973 to 31.3.1974Payment Plan Non-Plan TotalBrought Forward ?,73,315.22 2,53,573.52 6,26,888.74Pay (Administrative)Leave 28,860.03 18,236.28 475.06 14,050.31 5,053.58 Salary 14,993.64Dearness 4,124.47 8,968.59 Pay 720.00Dearness AllowanceHouse Rent AnowanceCity CompensatoryAllowanceIn terim ReliefChildren EducationalAllowanceOver time AllowanceReimbursement of ~redicalExpeneesReimbursementof TuitionFeesLeave Travel Concession 98.40Hon. to Seey. to ChairmanBy Travelling AllowanceFor Governing Body, &Selection Committee:\Ieetings etc.For attending meetings &Conference in India &for other purposesBy ~laiDteDaDce of PropertyFor Building8,895.20 21,110.38 1,209.84 14,163.74 80,271.58 40,529.66 18,382.74 1,684.90 38,000.18 18,288.21 720.00 43,003.80 74.682.74 23,436.32 56,236.46 57,997.44 30,078.97 54,579,97 89,166.78 1,03,542.77298.24173.53600.UO4,649.786,861.091,950.01298.24271.93600.004,6~9. 786,861.091,950.01Carried Over 4,77,070.78 6,00,180.83 10,77,251.61( 99 )

BIRBAL SAHN11NSTITUTEOFReceipt and PaYDlent Aecount for theReceipts Plan Non-Plan TotalBrought forward 6,38,9H.67 12,88,437.76 19,27,379.43RecoveryAdvanceof FestivalRecoveryAdvance.of conveyarce1,611.401,611.00To DepositsSecurity Deposits 15,440,22Miscellaneous DepositsDonations & Endow.m.ent5DonationProceeds of Matured SecuritiesInterest480.004,000.00447.5015,920.224,000,00447.50Total Clo 6,54,381.8912,94,976.66 19,49,358.55IOU )

PALAEOBOTA~Y,LUCKNOW.Period 1.4.1973 to 31.3.1974Payment Plan Non-Plan TotalBrought Forward 4,77,070.786,00,180.8'3 10,77,251.61For GardenFor equipment & Apparatus 3,933.01 4,897.10 -For Vehicles 2,502.42 I, 60.80For Repairs & RenewalsFor P

BIRAAL SAHNI INSTITUTEOFReceipt and Payment Account for theReeeipts Plan Non-Plan TotalBrought forward 6,54,381.89 12,94,976.66 19,49,~58.55Carried Over 6,54,381.89 12,94,976.66 19,49,358.55102 )

PALAEOBOTANY,LUCK:\OW.Period 1.41973 to 31.3.1974Payment Plan Non-Plan TotalBrought Forward 4,79,020.58 6,77,786.86 11,56,807.49For Glasswareand Che~mical~ etc.For Library requirements 19,972.43For Museum Require~ 28,754.62 2,798.08 2,937.79 28.00roeotsRequire­For HerbariummentsFor Legal AdviceFor Medical AdviceBy PublicationFor the PalaeobotanistFor SymposiumFor MonographFor Seward 1\1cmorialLectureFor Annu.al Rcp?rt 2,150.32For Birhal Salmi Memorial16,889.85 328.00 382.80LectureFor Silver Jubilee Memo­LectureBy Academic ExpeosesFor Field ExcursionFor Refresher CourseExpensesFor HonorariumtUTers :to Lee·23,521.05 28.00 28,754.62 23,521.05 19,972.43 2,937.79 2,798.08475.60 382.80 328.00 16,889.85 475.60 2,150.32Carried Over 4,79,020.58 7,76,025.40 12,55,045.98103

BIRBAL SAHNI INSTITUTE OFReceipt and Payment Account for thePayment Plan Non-Plan TotalBrought Forward .... 6,54,3.81.89 12,94,976.66 19,49358.55Carned Over 6,54,381.89 12,94,976.66 19,49,358.55104 )

PALABEOBOTANY,LUCKNOW.Period 1.4.1973to 31.3.1974Payment Plan Non-Plan TotalBrought Forward 4,79,020.58 7,76,025.40 12,55,045.98Birbal Sahni Memo.LectureSilver JubileeLectureMemorialSir A. C. Seward MemorialLecture out ofDonation AccountFor Training of Academicstaff at G. S. 1.Camp.By International ProgrammesAir passage for membersof staff proceeding onforeign fellowships orinvited to attend Scientificmeetings andConferences Abroadlnternational CulturalExchangeProgrammesHonorarium to ForeignVisitingScientistsCelebrationPublica-By Silver JubileeSih·er Jubileetions350.00350.00350.003,870.3924,814.6041,551.88350.00350.00350.003,870.3924,1l14.6041,551.88Carried Over 4,79,020.588,47,312.27 13,26,332.85105

BIRBAL SAHNI INSTITUTEOFReceipt and Payment Account for tbePayments Plan Non-Plan TotalBrought Forward 6,54,381.89 12,94,976.66 19,49,358.55Carried Over 6,54,381.89 12,94,97666 19,49,358.55( 106 )

PALAEBOTANY,LUCK NOW.Period 1.4.1973to 31.3.74Receipts Plan ~on-plan TotalBrought Forward 4,79,020.58 8,47,112.27 13,26,332.85By C.P.F. AccountContribution towardsC.P.F. 6,216.00 19,505.00 25,721.00C.P.F. Subscriptiontransferred toC.P.F. Account 10,852.00 33,729.00 44,581.00Recovery of Advances& Interest thereontransferred toC.P.F. Acccount 17,868.00 53,769.00 27,247.00 22,984.52 650.00 15,053.72 71,637.00By Miscellaneous15,053.72 17,384.68 470.WIncome Tax Remitted 18,575.00 8.672.00Insurance PremiumRemitted 5,599.84C.T.D.' AmountRemitted 180.00By Government of IndiaScholarshipBy Loans and AdvancesFlood ReliefFestival AdvanceConveyanceAdvanceBy Oil India Expenses3,500.0049,358.009,031.123,500.0049,358.009,031.12By Expenditure out ofMisc. Receipts- 4.887,OLl 4,887.00Carred Over 5,28,408.42 10,72,574.79 16,00,983.21107 )

BIRBAL SAHNI INSTITUTE OFReceipt and Payment Account for thePayment Plan Non-Plan TotalBrought Forward 6,54,381.89 12,94,976.66 19,49,358.55Grand Total 6,54,38189 12,94,976.76 19,49,358.55PlanNon-PlanCentral RecurringScholarshipOil IndiaSilver JubileeDonation and EndowmentClosing BalanceBankCashRecurring Non­ Recurring Non-RecurringRecurring(- )2,090.07 1,28,063,54 150.001,75,482.63(-) 00.252,422.4019,635.465,467.73273.1416.262,03,007.22 289.90(-) 00.252,03,006.97108 )

PALAEOBOTANY,LUCKNOW.Period 1.4.1973 to 31.3.1974Receipts ,Plan Non-Plan TotalBrought Forward 5,28,408.42 10,72,574.79 16,00,983.21By Amount Transferredto C.N.R. DepositAccountBy Donation AccountExpensesBy Investment inF.D.R. at S.B.I.5,105.0014,000.005,105.0014,000.00By Closing Balance 1,25,973.47 2,03,296.87 3,29,270.34Grand Total: Rs. 6,54,381.89 12,94,976.66 19,49,358.56SdJ-V.B. Saxena,Section OfficerC.P.-II,Lucknow.G.D. Agarwal,Zonal Audit OfficerSdJ-Lucknow Zonel, LucknowSdJ- Ghanshyam SinghAccounts OfficerBirbal Sahni Institute ofPalaeobotany,Lucknow.SdJ- Gurcharan Singh,RegistrarBirbal Sahni Institute ofPalaeobotany,Lucknow.SdJ-K.R. Surange,Director,Birbal Sahni Institute ofPalaeobotany,Lucknow.( 109 )

Primed by : A. R. Alvi (Lok·Sudharak] at the Mew Printing House, LaJb~lghLucknow·226001, Phone; 25531•