Geography Final Exam 2011.pdf - CommunityNet: DeKalb County ...

World Geography Final ExamNGS 17.0NGS 10.3NGS 13B.1NGS 11C.3NGS 18.0NGS 5.4NGS 5A.1NGS 5B.3NGS 11A.1NGS 10A.1NGS 13.1NGS 18.3NGS 3ANGS 7A.3NGS 17C.1How to apply geography to interpret the pastThe spatial characteristics of the processes of cultural convergenceand divergenceInterpret the spatial extent and organizational structure of animperial power (e.g., the Roman Empire, Han Dynasty, CarolingianEmpire, British Empire)Relate economic factors to the location of particular types ofindustries and businesses (e.g., least-cost location in terms of landvalues, transportation, agglomeration, utilities)How to apply geography to interpret the present and plan for thefutureHow to use regions to analyze geographic issuesExplain how changing conditions can result in a region taking on anew structure (e.g., the reshaping of Miami and south Floridaresulting from the influx of people and capital from some areas of theCaribbean Basin, or the reshaping of southern Africa resulting fromthe economic and political realignments that followed the end ofEuropean colonialism)Identify the ways in which the concept of a region can be used tosimplify the complexity of Earths space (e.g., by arranging an areainto sections to help understand a particular topic or problem)Describe the characteristics of traditional, command, and marketeconomic systems and describe how such systems operate inspecific countries (e.g., describe North Korea as a commandeconomy, Burkina Faso as a traditional economy in the hinterlandsbeyond its cities, Singapore as a market economy)Identify the cultural factors that have promoted political conflict (e.g.,the national, ethnic, and religious differences that led to conflict insub-Saharan Africa in the 1960s, central Europe in the 1980s and1990s, countries within the former Soviet Union in the 1990s)Why and how cooperation and conflict are involved in shaping thedistribution of social, political, and economic spaces on Earth atdifferent scaleHow to use geographic knowledge, skills, and perspectives toanalyze problems and make decisionsApply concepts of spatial interaction (e.g., complementarity,intervening opportunity, distance decay, connections) to account forpatterns of movement in space, as exemplified by being able toDescribe the physical processes that occur in dry environments(e.g., desertification and soil degradation, flash floods, dust storms,sand movement, soil erosion, salt accumulation)Assess the role and general effects of imperialism, colonization, anddecolonization on the economic and political developments of thenineteenth and twentieth centuries (e.g., European disregard forexisting African political boundaries in the organization of coloniesand subsequent independent nations; the exploitation of indigenouspeoples in the European colonization of the Americas)Geography 2011 30