Cyber Physical Systems â Situation Analysis - Energetics Meetings ...

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Cyber Physical Systems – Situation AnalysisDRAFT – March 9, 2012• Sztinpanovits, Janos et al. ―Industry-Academy Collaboration in Cyber Physical Systems (CPS)Research White Paper.‖ 31 Aug 2009. http://www.cra.org/ccc/docs/CPS-White%20Paper-May-19-2009-GMU-v1.pdf• Texas Transportation Institute. ―2011 Urban Mobility Report.‖ Sept 2011.http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/mobility-report-2011.pdf• Transportation for America, ITS America, the Association for Commuter Transportation and theUniversity of Michigan‘s SMART Initiative. ―Smart Mobility for a 21 st Century America.‖ Oct 2010.http://t4america.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/ITS-White-Paper-100710-FINAL.pdf• U.S. Department of Transportation RITA (Research and Innovative Technology Administration.―Connected Vehicle Research in the United States.‖ 7 Oct 2011.http://www.its.dot.gov/connected_vehicle/connected_vehicle_research.htm• U.S. Department of Transportation RITA (Research and Innovative Technology Administration). ―ITSStrategic Research Plan, 2010-2014.‖ Jan 2010.http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33200/33219/IntelliDriveBook21_032910.pdf• Winter, Don. ―Cyber Physical Systems in Aerospace – Challenges and Opportunities.‖ 16 Jun 2011.https://www.signup4.net/Upload/BOOZ14A/SAFE23E/Day3_01%20-%20S5%20chartsR1.pdf53

Cyber Physical Systems – Situation AnalysisDRAFT – March 9, 2012Smart HealthcareINTRODUCTIONThe market for medical devices in the United States is the largest in the world ($83 billion in 2006,approximately half of the global total) and is growing at about 6% per year, approximately double the rateof U.S. gross domestic product (GDP). The industry is comprised of organizations of all sizes, fromindividuals working out of their homes to global conglomerates (e.g., Siemens) and employed more than350,000 workers in 2006; however, of the 8,500 U.S. medical device firms, about 80% have fewer than50 employees.The medical devices produced by this industry are similarly diverse, ranging from digital measuringdevices (temperature, pressure) through prosthetics and implants (such as cochlear or visual) to robothospital (or home) health care assistants. Products also include surgical and medical instruments;orthopedic, prosthetic, surgical appliances and supplies; dental equipment and supplies; x-ray apparatusand tubes; irradiation apparatus; electrotherapy and electromedical apparatus; ophthalmic and earequipment; and in-vitro diagnostic substances.A technological revolution over the past decades has seen new materials (plastics) replace metals anddevices and systems based on information technologies (IT) replace analog devices used in diagnosis,monitoring, and treatment. The development of microprocessors and sophisticated networking andminiaturization of circuits has produced an explosion in personal digital assistants and associated newdevices, ranging from very small (ingestible digital cameras with real-time video) to very large (e.g.,scanning and irradiation equipment and geographically distributed electronic records systems) These newtechnologies can be interconnected in complex configurations, creating large scale ―systems of systems.‖The emerging classes of IT-enabled medical devices delineate a very important shift in this domain:essentially passive devices controlled by a human operator with specialized knowledge have beenreplaced with complex computing systems. These systems have embedded sensors and actuators thatmonitor and actively control a variety of critical physiological processes and functions. Computing,sensing, modeling, and communications technologies deeply integrated in physical elements allow thesenew cyber-physical systems (CPS) to achieve new levels of performance with unprecedentedfunctionality.54

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