Cyber Physical Systems – Situation Analysis - Energetics Meetings ...

Cyber Physical Systems – Situation AnalysisDRAFT – March 9, 2012Resources for CPSEven though transportation infrastructure is already aging, it is too expensive to completely replace,which creates the need to integrate new CPS into the existing infrastructure. Federal, state, and localgovernment budgets leave little room for funding for advanced transportation improvements. Resourcesand capacity are lacking for cities and states to implement new highway and transit transportationinfrastructure. To see more integrated transportation systems, a shift in competition may be required. Thedesign, planning, and operations of transportation have been affected by competing interests,incompatible technologies, and disparate systems, limiting the ability to create a coordinated regionalvision for required infrastructure. 243Governance and CertificationThe tools and techniques used in transportation to certify and develop safe, reliable products are effectivefor present-day systems, but they might not be economically or technically feasible for more complex,larger future systems. Challenges exist in implementing certification of new ITS or individualtechnologies, including determining what should be certified, what entity is responsible for certification,and how the certification should be accomplished. Issues for the DOT Intelligent Transportation SystemConnected Vehicle Research (which can also be applied to other areas of transportation CPS) includeuncertainty about what policy or legislation will be required to successfully launch and sustain newtechnologies. Another issue is determining what entities will potentially own and govern connectedvehicle research systems, components, and data. Also in question is what elements need to be governedand how to address public concerns for privacy. 244Human-in-the-Loop/AutonomyEven though there is a trend toward increasing autonomy in transportation, it is critical and necessary toensure that human interaction remains a consideration, and to continue to keep humans involved. Humansplay active and passive roles in transportation and have varying degrees of capabilities. Representinghuman behavior in the design, development, and operation of CPS is thus a challenge. To meet certaingoals, such as zero fatalities, a better understanding of human-cyber interaction is needed to incorporatehuman behavior into models for these systems. Incorporating human-in-the-loop considerations into thedesign and operation of transportation -CPS is critical to dependability and predictability. Newautonomous control systems will need to operate faultlessly alongside human systems. Measures areneeded to determine how safe this interaction will be, without sacrificing the benefits of autonomy. 245Safety and SecuritySafety is a paramount concern for any transportation system. As technology levels in vehicles drasticallyincrease, the emphasis on safety and security must keep pace. One of the grand challenges that theautomotive sector is working to achieve is ―zero fatality‖ highways. It is expected that increasedautomation can help to achieve safety goals, but not without some challenges. There is a possibility thatintegrated technologies will create more distractions for drivers, potentially causing safety issues.Security is an especially important challenge for transportation CPS because of the central role thesesystems will continue to play in critical infrastructures and safety-critical applications, which makes them243 Transportation for America, ITS America et al. ―Smart Mobility for a 21st Century America.‖ Oct 2010.244 USDOT RITA. ―ITS Strategic Research Plan.‖245 Poovendran et al. ―2008 HCTCPS Workshop Report.‖49