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Cyber Physical Systems – Situation AnalysisDRAFT – March 9, 2012• NITRD (Networking and Information Technology Research and Development Program). ―Winning theFuture with Science and Technology for 21 st Century Smart Systems.‖http://www.nitrd.gov/subcommittee/hcss/documents/CPS_OSTP_ResponseWinningTheFuture.pdf• Persily, A. K. and S. J. Emmerich. ―Indoor Air Quality in Sustainable, Energy Efficient Buildings.‖ 15Aug 2010. http://www.nist.gov/customcf/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=906045• French, Catherine et al. ―Report on the NSF Bridge Condition Monitoring and PrognosticationWorkshop.‖ Nov 2008. http://www.cts.umn.edu/Events/NSFBridge/documents/NSF_final_report.pdf• The New York Times. ―Keeping Tabs on the Infrastructure, Wirelessly.‖ 12 Mar 2011.http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/13/business/13novel.html• Spencer, B.F., Cho, Soojin, and Sung-Han Sim. ―Wireless Monitoring of Civil Infrastructure Comes ofAge.‖ Oct 2011. http://www.structuremag.org/Archives/2011-10/C-Technology-Spencer-Oct11.pdf• Sztipanovits, Janos et al. ―Industry-Academy Collaboration in Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) ResearchWhite Paper.‖ 31 Aug 2009. http://www.cra.org/ccc/docs/CPS-White%20Paper-May-19-2009-GMUv1.pdf• United States Congress. ―Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007.‖ 4 Jan 2007.http://energy.senate.gov/public/_files/getdoc1.pdf• United States Department of Energy. ―Buildings Energy Data Book, Chapter 1: Buildings Sector.‖ Mar2011. http://buildingsdatabook.eren.doe.gov/ChapterIntro1.aspx• Zero Energy Commercial Buildings Consortium (CBC). ―Next Generation Technologies Barriers &Industry Recommendations for Commercial Buildings.‖ Feb 2011.http://zeroenergycbc.org/pdf/CBC%20Technologies%20Report%202011.pdf• Zero Energy Commercial Buildings Consortium (CBC). ―Analysis of Cost & Non-Cost Barriers andPolicy Solutions for Commercial Buildings.‖ Feb 2011. http://zeroenergycbc.org/pdf/CBC%20Market-Policy%20Report%202011.pdf39
Cyber Physical Systems – Situation AnalysisDRAFT – March 9, 2012Smart Transportationand MobilityINTRODUCTIONTransportation cyber-physical systems (CPS) already play a role in the daily life and economy of theUnited States. This role is expected to increase in the future as higher levels of transport autonomy,safety, and convenience are achieved. The complexity of transportation systems as a whole, as well assmaller components such as vehicles, is growing at an exponential rate. Next-generation transportationsystems must be highly networked and dynamic, while maintaining high system performance and lowcost. Everyday tasks or events, such as commuting by automobile, train, or airplane, depend on complexyet reliable and seamless interactions between the vehicles‘ computer systems and physical systems whileunder control by human operators or end users. Today‘s transportation systems are being designed to bemore competitive within their respective industries by adding more complex features and capabilities toincrease energy efficiency and safety. Also, CPS advances in transportation can be applied in the militaryto maintain the edge in fighting capability. The ability to affordably design and adopt energy-efficienttransportation CPS supports U.S. economic, national security, and environmental objectives. 213The major markets where transportation CPS can be applied include ground transportation or intelligenttransportation systems (ITS), or air transportation, mainly the Next Generation Air Transportation System(NextGen), which can be thought of as large-scale CPS. The cyber or computer components ofautomobiles, aircraft, and other vehicles have been increasing and will continue to play a larger role inthese systems. By 2015, as much as 40% of an automobile‘s value will be in cyber-physical components(electronics, sensors and actuators, and embedded software). The air transportation sector is also heavilydependent on cyber-physical components and composes a significant portion of U.S. exports. 214The cost of aircraft is moving increasingly toward software and systems and away from structures,aerodynamics, and propulsion. 215 For example, in the late 1980s, software for the 747-400 required 10megabytes of memory; in the early 1990s, software for the Boeing 777 required 100 megabytes of213 Poovendran, Radha et al. ―A Community Report of the 2008 High Confidence Transportation Cyber-Physical Systems(HCTCPS) Workshop.‖ 22 Jul 2009.214 Sztinpanovits, Janos et al. ―Industry-Academy Collaboration in Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) Research White Paper.‖ 31Aug 2009.215 Winter, Don. ―Cyber Physical Systems in Aerospace – Challenges and Opportunities.‖ 16 Jun 2011.40
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