Cyber Physical Systems – Situation Analysis - Energetics Meetings ...

Cyber Physical Systems – Situation AnalysisDRAFT – March 9, 201223% between 2010 and 2035. 82 CPS in the smart grid and smart utilities can help the reliability andefficiency of the system, while enabling suppliers to have real-time situational awareness. As electricityand utilities become more connected and networked, there will be opportunities to optimize and reducecosts and the need for cyber security and monitoring efforts. 83The ability of the U.S. electric system to provide reliable and continuous access to electricity and torespond to increases in demand contributes to our high quality of life. Electricity is currently a productthat is delivered on demand and cannot be stored easily or economically, so it is necessary for electricitysuppliers to be able to have enough capacity available to meet the maximum demands. 84 Using automatedcontrol, autonomous systems, and digital information, the smart grid will increase the reliability andquality of the power supply and reduce the extent and frequency of power outages. 85One of the trends in sectors such as electricity and water is increased automation. While automationallows for less interaction by operators, it is not entirely reliable; however, it can increase safety andreduce costs while eliminating some aspects of operator error. CPS applications can help increase thereliability, security, and confidence in automation systems in the electric and water sectors. 86The three primary stakeholder groups in the smart grid are consumers, utilities, and society. Consumersplay a more active role in managing their energy consumption using variable, real-time pricing and willeven be able to install infrastructure to provide electricity to the grid. Electricity supply from utilities willbe more reliable as efficiency increases and they will be able to better manage emergency interruptions.Stakeholders, such as those that are most affected by power outages, will benefit from more reliableenergy supply as will other stakeholders, such as regulators, vendors, and integrators. 87 In the watersector, stakeholders include a wide range of operators, owners, and consumers, as water systems spanlarge geographical regions and any disruption or problem can affect large quantities of people. About160,000 public water systems serve 250 million people in the United States. 88Improvement in energy efficiency is a strong driver towards the research and development of the smartgrid and other smart utilities. Renewable energy and smart grid research has a high public interest,making it a strong priority for policy makers. 89 Increasing the efficiency in the interactions betweenelements of the systems can also help reduce costs for utilities and consumers. A grid that is moreefficient using CPS and other technologies can reduce total energy use and losses, reduce peak demand,and provide end users the ability to reduce their energy usage. 90Environmental issues are also a cause for advances in CPS technologies within the smart grid andutilities. Coal‘s share of electricity generation is estimated to decrease from 45% in 2010 to 39% by 2035,while the share from natural gas is estimated to increase from 24% to 27% in the same time period. 91 The82 U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). Annual Energy Outlook 2012 Early Release Overview. 2012.83 Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). Report to NIST on the Smart Grid Interoperability Standards Roadmap. 2009.84 Edison Electric Institute. Key Facts About the Electric Power Industry. 2011.85 EPRI. Report to NIST on the Smart Grid Interoperability Standards Roadmap. 2009.86 Krogh, Bruce et al. National Workshop on Beyond SCADA: Networked Embedded Control for Cyber-Physical Systems(NEC4CPS). 2007.87 EPRI. Report to NIST on the Smart Grid Interoperability Standards Roadmap. 2009.88 Adam, Nabil. DHS. Workshop on Future Directions in Cyber-Physical Systems Security. 2010.89 Baheti, Radhakisan and Helen Gill. Cyber-physical Systems. 2011.90 EPRI. Report to NIST on the Smart Grid Interoperability Standards Roadmap. 2009.91 U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). Annual Energy Outlook 2012 Early Release Overview. 2012.18