Cyber Physical Systems â Situation Analysis - Energetics Meetings ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Cyber Physical Systems – Situation AnalysisDRAFT – March 9, 2012CURRENT STATE OF THE TECHNOLOGYManufacturing today occurs in traditional factory-situated shop floors where the focus is on massproduction of physical components and the system is typically not completely integrated. Althoughrobotics have become more common and improved productivity of some tasks, workflow automation ishindered by high costs of maintenance and investment. Many aspects of the production process, includingdesign, manufacturing, and supply, are increasingly outsourced to effective labor markets overseas.China, South Korea, Indonesia, India, and Europe continue to invest in research and innovation as well aseducation of a skilled workforce while the United States falls behind due to lack of technologyinvestments among other factors. 25 Since manufacturing is growing globally and declining in the UnitedStates, there is the possibility of a threat to national security. 26CPS science and technology can provide many possibilities for innovation in the manufacturing industrythrough smart products and production and lifecycle design for product safety, security, andsustainability. The scope of areas that benefit from cyber-physical engineering concepts, infrastructure,and tools is broad and includes homes, military logistics and weapons systems, healthcare, clothing,agriculture, food processing and preparation, and automotive and air vehicles. There is a trend towards thedemand for products that have safe, dependable, and secure ―plug and play‖ integration of cyber andphysical components thus leading towards the possibility of being highly customizable. Masscustomization in manufacturing currently only involves minimal flexibility to alter fixed parameters. 27Manufacturing in the United States should move towards mass customization in order to enable tailoringof products based on real-time customer input while maintaining cost and production efficiency. 28 Theincreased innovation in materials such as carbon-fiber composites, conductive polymers, metal-ceramiccompounds, among others, enables the creation, local sourcing, and production of smart products. 29The vision for smart manufacturing is for all aspects of manufacturing to be highly integrated, from plantoperation to supply chain. The entire life cycle of a product would be enabled to be tracked, includingaspects such as processes and resources, leading to manufacturing environments that are flexible and canoptimize performance and efficiency. 30 Advances in CPS can help reduce the time-to-market for productsand systems, while promoting innovation, competition, and resilience in supply chains. These advancescan allow a more flexible optimization of cost and markets since production could be located nearmaterials, technology skill centers, or consumers. 31 The future workforce of manufacturing will have coreknowledge and skills that can be applied to innovation and research. 3225 Networking and Information Technology Research and Development ., ―Winning the Future with Science and Technology for21 st Century Smart Systems‖ (Arlington, VA: Networking and Information Technology Research and Development, 2011),http://www.nitrd.gov/subcommittee/hcss/documents/CPS_OSTP_ResponseWinningTheFuture.pdf.26 Ibid.27 Ibid.28 Alan L. Jacobson, ―Working Paper: NIST Extreme Manufacturing Working Paper‖ (Malibu, CA: HRLLaboratories, LLC, January 2011), http://www.nist.gov/el/upload/Jacobsen.pdf.29 Networking and Information Technology Research and Development , ―Winning the Future with Science and Technology for21 st Century Smart Systems‖ (Arlington, VA: Networking and Information Technology Research and Development, 2011),http://www.nitrd.gov/subcommittee/hcss/documents/CPS_OSTP_ResponseWinningTheFuture.pdf.30 Smart Manufacturing Leadership Coalition, Implementing 21 st Century Smart Manufacturing: Workshop Summary Report (LosAngeles: Smart Manufacturing Leadership Coalition, 24 June 2011), https://smart-processmanufacturing.ucla.edu/about/news/Smart%20Manufacturing%206_24_11.pdf.31 Networking and Information Technology Research and Development , ―Winning the Future with Science and Technology for21 st Century Smart Systems‖ (Arlington, VA: Networking and Information Technology Research and Development, 2011),http://www.nitrd.gov/subcommittee/hcss/documents/CPS_OSTP_ResponseWinningTheFuture.pdf.32 Ibid.7
Cyber Physical Systems – Situation AnalysisDRAFT – March 9, 2012Table 2. Evolving CPS Landscape in Manufacturing 37CPS inmanufacturingCPS inmaterialsCurrentComputer-controlled machinetools and equipment; robotsperforming repetitive tasks,fenced off from peopleRelatively few, highlyspecialized applications ofsmart materials—predominantly passivematerials and structuresFutureSmarter, more connected processes for agile andefficient production, manufacturing robotics thatwork safely with people in shared spaces,computer-guided printing or casting of compositesElectronics provide versatility without recourse toa silicon foundry; emerging materials such ascarbon fiber and polymers offer the potential tocombine capability for electrical and/or opticalfunctionality with important physical properties(strength, durability, disposability)The state of robotics in today‘s manufacturing industry as designed to be precise and repeatable, operatein only structured environments, and have limited application. Integration of robotics is expensive, andcan cost five to ten times the capital cost. In some cases, robotic systems in factories are unsafe for peopleto be around, leading to a separation between the two types of workers. 33Table 2 shows the current and future vision of CPS in manufacturing and in materials.One possible application of smart manufacturing that shows a shift towards the production ofcustomizable, more accessible manufacturing is the development of three-dimensional (3D) printing andadditive manufacturing. A 3D printer creates objects by taking a digital file and then deposits layers ofmaterial until the object is completed. Today, there are 3D printers that are used to make prototypesduring the design process, or even production of small amounts of products. One of the benefits of 3Dprinting is the idea of additive manufacturing or that the product is created using only the material that isneeded. Also possible is the ability to easily make repairs on-site. 34 Reduction in the amount of materialused can help to reduce costs, waste, and weight, while still maintaining quality. Although these printersare not extensively used in traditional manufacturing environments because of cost and time restraintsamong others, there is the possibility of these types of machines being integrated into manufacturingsystems. 35 A 3D printer that is marketed towards consumer use will soon be available for purchase, whereobjects can be created from scratch or customized from existing designs and then sent to the printer. Alsoavailable is a platform where applications or designs for products can be purchased or sold. 36There is a current trend in today‘s manufacturing towards ―converged modular automation,‖ in whichsystems are built of modular cyber-physical components. These components have their own embeddedcontroller and are all connected by a network that allows for a supervisory controller to gatherinformation and for information exchange from peer-to-peer. 38 The advantage of such modular33 Rodney. Brooks, Extremely Agile, Adaptive, Responsive and Robust Manufacturing. January 2011.34 Networking and Information Technology Research and Development , ―Winning the Future with Science and Technology for21 st Century Smart Systems‖ (Arlington, VA: Networking and Information Technology Research and Development, 2011),http://www.nitrd.gov/subcommittee/hcss/documents/CPS_OSTP_ResponseWinningTheFuture.pdf.35 ―The Printed World‖ The Economist, February 10, 2011., http://www.economist.com/node/18114221.36 Christina. DesMarais, ―3D Printing Draws Closer to Mainstream with Cubify.‖,‖ PCWorld., January 8 2012.,http://www.pcworld.com/article/247481/3d_printing_draws_closer_to_mainstream_with_cubify.html.37 Networking and Information Technology Research and Development , ―Winning the Future with Science and Technology for21 st Century Smart Systems‖ (Arlington, VA: Networking and Information Technology Research and Development, 2011),http://www.nitrd.gov/subcommittee/hcss/documents/CPS_OSTP_ResponseWinningTheFuture.pdf.38 D. M. Tillbury, ―Modeling and Verification of Distributed Cyber-Physical Systems: Challenges, Research Needs, and PossibleRoadmap‖ (Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan, October 5, 2006), http://www.truststc.org/scada/papers/paper16.pdf.8
Page 3: Cyber Physical Systems - Situation
Page 12 and 13: Cyber Physical Systems - Situation
Page 57 and 58:
Cyber Physical Systems - Situation
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67:
show all

Cyber Physical Systems â Situation Analysis - Energetics Meetings ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?

Cyber Physical Systems â Situation Analysis - Energetics Meetings ...