Exploring Bioethics - NIH Office of Science Education - National ...

Point out that this question needs to be answered not by anindividual but by members of a particular community—in this case,the International Association of Athletic Federations. Studentsshould imagine that they are members of the IAAF, having to make aconsidered judgment in the Pistorius case. Before they do that, though,tell them that you are going to share with them a way of approachingall kinds of ethical issues. They will be able to apply the method (fourkey questions to always ask themselves) to any case they confront inbioethics. Once they’ve been introduced to the four key questions, theywill have the chance to use them in an analysis of the Pistorius case.Activity 4:Four Questions to Always Ask YourselfEstimated Time: 10 minutesProcedure1. Tell students that since they now know what specific ethicalquestion needs to be addressed, they are ready to take the nextstep in the analysis.2. Point out that there are usually three other questions thatbioethicists ask themselves and that these questions areimportant no matter what the topic is.3. Display the poster and direct students’ attention to the fourquestions. You may want to mention the following definitions as youdiscuss the questions with students:Ethical Questions: These are about what a person should do, howpeople ought to interact, what sort of person one should be, and whatkind of communities it would be good to live in.Relevant Facts: These are the biological, psychological, sociological,economic, and historical facts you need for thinking carefully about theethical question and answering it.Who or What Could Be Affected: The people and entities affectedby ethical decisions are considered stakeholders. Stakeholders are notalways human beings or human organizations; animals, plants, organisms,or the environment might be affected by the way an ethical issueis decided, so they can also be stakeholders.Relevant Ethical Considerations: These are particular concepts inethics that can help you analyze a case.1-20 Exploring Bioethics