Exploring Bioethics - NIH Office of Science Education - National ...

Element Exemplary Proficient Partially Proficient DevelopingReference toRelevant EthicalConsiderations• The justification •makes connectionsto all relevant ethicalconsiderations.• The justificationmakes insightful •connections toselected ethicalconsiderations,demonstrating deepunderstanding.The justificationmakes connectionsto some ofthe relevant ethicalconsiderations.The justificationmakes connectionsto ethical considerations,demonstratingunderstandingand using termsappropriately.• The connection torelevant ethicalconsiderations isnot clearly stated.• The connectionsmentioned demonstratesomemisunderstandingof particular ethicalconsiderations.• Terms may occasionallybe usedinaccurately.• The connection torelevant ethicalconsiderations isincomplete or inaccurate.• The connectionsmentioned demonstratemisunderstandingofparticular ethicalconsiderations.• Terms are usedinaccurately.GeneratingSolutions andJustifications• One or more possiblesolutions aregenerated.• For each solution, astrong justificationfor and a strong oneagainst are developed.The justificationsskillfully andinsightfully drawon the facts of thecase as well as allthe relevant ethicalconsiderations.• One or more possiblesolutions aregenerated.• For each, a justificationfor and oneagainst are developed.The justificationsdraw on thefacts of the case aswell as all or mostof the relevant ethicalconsiderations.• One or more possiblesolutions aregenerated, but thejustifications areincomplete.• The facts of the casemay not be referenced,and ethicalconsiderations maybe missing in thediscussion.• Solutions areeither incompleteor missing.• The facts of thecase are not referenced,and ethicalconsiderations arenot discussed.Thoughtful andLogical Reasoning• The selected optionis strongly justified,and the conclusionflows logicallyfrom the premisespresented.• The justificationdemonstrates deepand thoughtfulconsideration ofthe topic.• The justificationdemonstratesexceptionallyorganized thinking;writing buildsnaturally to astrong conclusion.• The selected optionis clearly justified,and the conclusionflows from thepremises presented.• The justificationdemonstratesconsideration ofthe topic.• Thinking is clearand organized.• The selected optionis justified, but theconclusion maynot flow logicallyfrom the premisespresented.• The justificationdemonstratesawareness of thetopic but littlereflection on it.• Thinking is somewhatclear andorganized.• The selected optionis not clearly identified,is incompletelyjustified, or is notjustified at all. Theconclusion may bemissing or may notflow logically fromthe justification.• The justificationdemonstrates littleor no considerationof the topic.• Thinking is confused,disorganized,or stays at a verysuperficial level.Source: Adapted with permission from materials developed by the Northwest Association for Biomedical Research (NWABR).Introduction 11