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Smallpox VaccineThe smallpox vaccine contains live vaccinia (pox) virus, not inactive virus as found in many othervaccines. Although complications and death after smallpox vaccination are rare, the smallpox vaccinehas a greater potential for harm than many others. For every million people vaccinated, 1 to 2 will diefrom the vaccine and between 14 and 52 will have serious, life-threatening reactions.Copyright © 2009 Education Development Center, Inc. Exploring Bioethics.Permission granted for classroom use.Mild to Moderate Harms• Mild rash, lasting 2 to 4 days.• Swelling and tenderness of lymph nodes, lasting 2 to 4 weeks after the blister has healed.• Fever of over 100°F (about 70 percent of children, 17 percent of adults) or over 102°F(about 15 to 20 percent of children, less than 2 percent of adults).• Secondary blisters elsewhere on the body (about 1 per 1,900).Moderate to Severe Harms• Serious eye infection or loss of vision due to the spread of vaccine virus to the eye.• Rash on entire body (as many as 1 per 4,000).• Severe rash on people with eczema (as many as 1 per 26,000).• Encephalitis (severe brain reaction), which can lead to permanent brain damage (as manyas 1 per 83,000).• Severe infection beginning at the vaccination site (as many as 1 per 667,000, mostly inpeople with weakened immune systems).• Death (1 to 2 per million, mostly in people with weakened immune systems).Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vaccines and immunizations: Vaccines and preventable diseases.Retrieved November 4, 2008, from http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/default.htm.Master 2.4 (Page 3 of 3)
Station 3—The Measles Graph 900Copyright © 2009 Education Development Center, Inc. Exploring Bioethics.Permission granted for classroom use.No. of Reported Cases (thousands)8007006005004003002001000Vaccinelicensed*19501952195419561958196019621964196619681970197219741976* The year the vaccine became available for widespread use.No. of Reported Cases(thousands)1978Year30252015105019871989199119931995Year19971999200120031980198219841986198819901992199419961998Number of reported measles cases in the United States, 1950–2004. (Massachusetts Medical Society.)200020022004Master 2.5
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NIH CurriculumSupplement SeriesGrad
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Education Development Center, Inc.D
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This material is based on work supp
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About the National Institutes of He
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Introduction
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activity of assessing different rea
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teaching strategies that will help
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2. The ability to distinguish an et
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quence of choosing one path over an
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Table 1. Assessing Student Justific
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Challenges in TeachingBioethics and
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How Exploring Bioethics Can HelpFor
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Prompts to encourage students to re
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Table 2d. Students say they already
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Resources forTeaching BioethicsBeau
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Table 3. Ethical Issues and Curricu
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Each module is divided into three d
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Table 4. Alignment with NSES Life S
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About the Web SiteThe Web site for
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1Module 1Bioethics Concepts and Ski
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• apply important ethical conside
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In Advance1Copies, Equipment, and M
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Teaching Sequence1Day 1: What’s i
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new medication, she is able to stay
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6. Read the list of Round 1 questio
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• With respect to performance enh
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LE/LE/LLE/LPoint out that some of t
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Organizer for Day 1: What’s in a
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Day 2: Four Key Questions1PurposeDa
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4. Emphasize that when bioethicists
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15. Ask students to list as many et
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Organizer for Day 2: Four Key Quest
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Encourage students to share example
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Activity 7:Using Ethical Considerat
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4. Ask a representative from each g
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Organizer for Day 3: Core Ethical C
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References and Resources1Informatio
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What Type of Question? ROUND 1—Et
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What Type of Question? ROUND 3: Eth
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Round 4Q9Should embryonic stem cell
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Oscar Pistorius—The Fastest Man w
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Page 88 and 89: Carl’s CaseCarl listened to his t
Page 90 and 91: 1Module 2Balancing Individual and C
Page 92 and 93: adopting vaccination policies that
Page 94 and 95: In Advance1Copies, Equipment, and M
Page 96 and 97: Teaching Sequence1Day 1: Exploring
Page 98 and 99: the key stakeholders, and taken int
Page 100 and 101: You may wish to highlight the dange
Page 102 and 103: ClosureAsk students to reflect on t
Page 104 and 105: Day 2: Community Immunity1PurposeOn
Page 106 and 107: 10. Ask all students in the class t
Page 108 and 109: • While an unvaccinated person’
Page 110 and 111: ClosureRecap for students that the
Page 112 and 113: Tell only the students who were tag
Page 114 and 115: 5. Divide students into pairs, and
Page 116 and 117: 17. Share with students that becaus
Page 118 and 119: 13. Note that the Boston and Dublin
Page 120 and 121: Teaching StrategiesYou may want to
Page 122 and 123: Ask each member of the pair to read
Page 124 and 125: 1Centers for Disease Control and Pr
Page 126 and 127: Get Kids Vaccinated or ElseGet Kids
Page 128 and 129: Name(s)Station 2—Vaccine RisksDir
Page 130 and 131: Station 1: Vaccine-Preventable Dise
Page 132 and 133: MumpsBefore the mumps vaccine was i
Page 134 and 135: Station 2—Vaccine RisksNote: Like
Page 138 and 139: Station 4—ExemptionsExemptions vs
Page 140 and 141: State Exemptions Allowed as of Fall
Page 142 and 143: Name(s)What are the ethical conside
Page 144 and 145: Vaccination Status CardsVaccinated
Page 146 and 147: Opting Out of a Vaccine—Variables
Page 148 and 149: Measles in DublinIn 2000, an outbre
Page 150: What are some of the different pers
Page 153 and 154: Issues Explored• What is the fair
Page 155 and 156: Day 3—What Is Your Recommendation
Page 157 and 158: Teaching SequenceNoteAssign this ho
Page 159 and 160: Teaching Strategies: Jigsaw Techniq
Page 161 and 162: Some students might think that the
Page 163 and 164: 11. Explain to students that they w
Page 165 and 166: Inform students that they will now
Page 167 and 168: 2. Tell them that one liver has bec
Page 169 and 170: 6. If it does not naturally arise,
Page 171 and 172: Criteria relevant to allocating liv
Page 173 and 174: Organizer for Day 2: Identifying St
Page 175 and 176: Day 3: What Is Your Recommendation?
Page 177 and 178: Activity 9:Understanding Past and C
Page 179 and 180: ClosureReinforce to students that t
Page 181 and 182: Ask students whether they think the
Page 183 and 184: Liver Function and FailureHepatitis
Page 185 and 186: Name(s)Banting decided that he woul
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Name(s)The COC distributed the peni
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Name(s)The Admissions and Policy Co
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Liver and Liver-Transplant Fact She
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The Liver and Liver Transplants—C
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Patient ProfilesAnitaAnita is a 19-
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Additional Patient InformationAnita
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The United Network for Organ Sharin
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Comparing the Past and Current UNOS
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1Module 4Weighing Benefits and Harm
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An optional extension activity incl
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In Advance1Preparing the Envelopes
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Teaching Sequence1Day 1: Deciding t
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6. Explain that each student should
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Activity 2:Introducing Max’s Thyr
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See Teacher Support MaterialsSupple
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ClosureTo close the class, remind s
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1Activity 2: Introducing Max’s Th
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Activity 5:Who or What Will Be Affe
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Activity 6:Exploring the Relevant E
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11. Give each student a copy of Mas
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1Ask students, “What are some rea
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5. Have students, in pairs, quickly
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ReflectionDisplay the posters from
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1Reflection: Have students view the
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1Retinitis PigmentosaFoundation Fig
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Alzheimer’s Disease and Genetic T
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Name(s)Now, on your own, answer the
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Name(s)Max’s Family Tree on His M
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Genetic Testing—Key Concepts• S
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What Impact Would Max’s Newly Dis
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Your Tentative ThoughtsName(s)1. Do
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Ethical Questions• Who should dec
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Extension (Optional)About Retinitis
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Issues Explored• Why is it import
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Key Science Knowledge*• Nature of
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Teaching SequenceDay 1: Research wi
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13. Ask students, “Should I just
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Some students in the treatment grou
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it is ethically acceptable. For exa
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Students should recognize that rese
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ClosureAsk the class whether they t
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Organizer for Day 1: Research with
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Activity 4: Returning to Your Decis
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5. Discuss the results with the who
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5. Summarize two key points about r
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• The Belmont Report has served a
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Organizer for Day 2:Harms and Benef
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Day 3: Analyzing the Willowbrook Ca
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Deciding on and Recording Main Poin
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Organizer for Day 3: Analyzing the
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Willowbrook StudyCenters for Diseas
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Asthma Simulation OutcomesYou were
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Name(s)Reflection Questions1. Aside
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Letter to ParentsThis is the letter
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What Are the Relevant Ethical Consi
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Name(s)(Fill out with your partner.
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Name(s)(Fill out individually.)Your
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Issues Explored• Should there be
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Key Science Knowledge*• DNA, RNA,
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4. Ask students for their prelimina
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8. Tell students to come to the nex
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Day 2: Deepening Your Thinking—So
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You may wish to note that• Cases
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2. Direct students to turn to their
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Organizer for Day 2: Deepening Your
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Day 3: Making a Recommendation—Se
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Those cases where students do not t
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3. Ask a representative from each g
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Activity 9: Returning to Alba’s C
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1Ear MiceBBC News. 2002. Artificial
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Alba’s CaseSince the early 1990s,
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Dyed FeathersPeople dye bird feathe
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Giant Panda BreedingThe giant panda
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Mad-Cow-Disease CowsMad cow disease
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Purebred DogsHumans have geneticall
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Spider-Silk GoatsSpider silk is str
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VealVeal is meat from calves that i
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Assessing Harms, Benefits, and Pote
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Final Assessment of Alba’s CaseRe
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This curriculum supplementwas devel
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