Texas, USA 2010 - International Herbage Seed Group

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In NZ disc mowers became popular as a replacement for reciprocating knife mowers, coincidingwith larger crop fields, increasing crop bulk from high N rates (250 to 300 kg N/ha) and beforethe introduction of straw shortening plant growth regulators (PGR). These factors combined toresult in crops with considerable new vegetative growth through the lodged crop. Thecombination of these factors made traditional mowing slow and the adoption of disc mowing wasrapid. In recent years with the adoption of lower N rates (150 kg N/ha) and the use of trinexapacethyl(TE) as a PGR, lodging and regrowth can be prevented and the crop architecture at cuttingchanged. Further trials were initiated during the 2009/10 harvest season but data are not yetavailable. The trials include a comparision of harvest losses associated with changed croparchitecture using TE. Seed yields are increased with delayed lodging achieved with TE (Rolstonet al. 2007). However some growers argue that while more erect crops are easier to cut, they aremore vulnerable to seed shattering from high wind events. Understanding the effect of windduring seed maturity will be an important component to developing methods to reduce harvestloss.Reducing the time between cutting and combine harvesting is associated with higher yields (andpresumably lower losses), but requires access to seed drying facilities (Hampton &Hebblethwaite, 1985). Future harvest loss trials should look if an interaction occurs betweencutting method and days from cutting to threshing. Windrows have more bulk and are generallyslower to dry.ConclusionThe average harvest losses were large, 24% of saleable seed available for harvest. The size ofloss was also very variable between fields; suggesting management options could reduce losses.AcknowledgementsThe research was funded from seed grower levies managed by the Foundation for ArableResearch. We thank the nine growers who provided fields for assessments and Julie Sime forassistance with field work.ReferencesHampton, J.C. & Hebblethwaite, P. 1985. A comparison of seed harvesting methods forperennial ryegrass treated with the growth retardant paclobutrazol. Grass and ForageScience 40:361-363.Hopkinson, J.M. & Clifford, P.T.P. 1993. Mechanical harvesting and processing of temperatezone and tropical pasture seed. Proceedings of the XVII International Grassland Congress,Palmerston North NZ: 1815-1822.Nellist, M.E. & Rees, D.V.H. 1967. A comparison of direct- and swath-harvesting of S24ryegrass seed. Grass and Forage Science 23:336-342.67
Rolston, P.; Trethewey, J.; McCloy, B.; Chynoweth, R. 2007. Achieving forage ryegrass seedyields of 3000 kg/ha and limitations to higher yields. 6 th International Herbage SeedConference, Norway: 100-106.Silberstein, T.B.; Mellbye, M.E.; Chastain, T.G.; Young III, W.C. 2005. Response of seed yieldto swathing time in annual and perennial ryegrasss.. In: 2004 Seed production Research atoregon State University USDA-ARS Co-operating. Department of Crop and Soil ScienceExt/Crs 124, 4/05. Ed. W.C. Young III. pp 27-30.Simon, U.; Hare, M.D.; Kjaersgaard, B.; Clifford, P.T.P.; Hampton, J.C.; Hill, M.J. 1997.Harvest and postharvest management of forage seed crops. In: Forage Seed Production Vol1: Temperate Seed Production Ed. D.T. Fairey & J.C. Hampton CAB International.Chapter 8, pp 181-217.68
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Proceedings of the 7th Internationa
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Table of ContentsORAL PRESENTATIONS
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Seed yield components and yield per
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International Herbage Seed Conferen
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16:15 - 16:30 Reliability of salini
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Hotel expense is covered for night
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40,000 were slaves (McDonald, 2007)
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Fig. 1. Texas AgriLife Research and
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$7 billion for cattle, $3 billion f
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principle and encourages both AgriL
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eceived by growers, the above perce
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seed conditioning plants are locate
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Table 4.Hectares of open-field burn
Page 27 and 28: system, a seed crop is produced fro
Page 29 and 30: Fig. 1. Land resource areas of Texa
Page 31 and 32: y land owners. Seed yields are low
Page 33 and 34: The influence of planting density o
Page 35 and 36: Simple correlation and regression a
Page 37 and 38: Variation in seed shattering in a g
Page 39 and 40: Seed retention (SR) was calculated
Page 41 and 42: mm160120Precipitation8040020Km h -1
Page 43 and 44: Young, B. A. (1986). A Source of Re
Page 45 and 46: Several methods are commonly used f
Page 47 and 48: Table 3. Effect of the length of ha
Page 49 and 50: Alfalfa seed production in semi-hum
Page 51 and 52: Rather near the meteorological stat
Page 53 and 54: ReferencesBolaños-Aguilar E.D., Hu
Page 55 and 56: ased bioenergy conversion plants wa
Page 57 and 58: Table 1. Average distances required
Page 59 and 60: Figure 1. Optimized locations for 1
Page 61 and 62: Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne
Page 63 and 64: Relative Seed Yieldsingle composite
Page 65 and 66: Flowers, M.D.; Hart, J.M.; Young II
Page 67 and 68: Thus, similar to tissue tests, remo
Page 69 and 70: Conclusion:Perhaps our most importa
Page 71 and 72: Modelling critical NDVI curves in p
Page 73 and 74: The five spectral reflectance measu
Page 75 and 76: Harvest loss in ryegrass seed crops
Page 77: Larger than expected harvest losses
Page 81 and 82: Optical sensors have the potential
Page 83 and 84: Figure 2. Seed yield response to ap
Page 85 and 86: Flowers, M. D., Hart, J.M., Young I
Page 87 and 88: In 2010, France has launched the fo
Page 89 and 90: Yield (% maximum)ConclusionThe resu
Page 91 and 92: Plant N uptakeN unavailableSoil nit
Page 93 and 94: Stresses associated with germinatio
Page 95 and 96: correspond to electrical conductivi
Page 97 and 98: applied later in the fall was more
Page 99 and 100: Figure 2. Establishment of five ove
Page 101 and 102: The seed vigour testing was perform
Page 103 and 104: Table 1. Germination index (GI) for
Page 105 and 106: Reliability of salinity screening L
Page 107 and 108: AcknowledgmentThis research was sup
Page 109 and 110: Table 2. Greenhouse salinity screen
Page 111 and 112: The seeds were collected from the A
Page 113 and 114: increases germination to its potent
Page 115 and 116: Light, lodging and flag leaves-what
Page 117 and 118: Relative seed yieldSeed yield (kg/h
Page 119 and 120: Hampton, J.G.; Clemence, T.G.A.; He
Page 121 and 122: The seed set is of major importance
Page 123 and 124: In grass species with poor seed ret
Page 125 and 126: support system to optimize fungicid
Page 127 and 128: weather stations in grass seed fiel
Page 129 and 130:
ust resistance loci in Lolium peren
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Seed yield variation in a red clove
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100Seed yield plant -1 (g)806040200
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Marden, J. H. 1984. Remote percepti
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Crimson clover seed production in t
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Piper, C.V. 1935. Forage plants and
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deal of investigation into the caus
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genes and subsequent ability to pro
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Gatenby, W.A., S.C. Munday-Finch, A
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Control of Vulpia myuros in red fes
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The strip design provides an opport
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The pot experiments did not reveale
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CharacterWeed abundance1 A few plan
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Jensen, P. K. (2010) Longevity of s
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Effects of intraspecific competitio
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flowering, Gangi accumulated a high
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The seed yield of Gangi was, on ave
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Seed yield components and yield per
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ResultsVariation among populations
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Table 2. Means of total seeds per p
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Ryle, G. J. (1970). Partition of As
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Control of Apion trifolii in red cl
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Number of seeds /inflorescencesimil
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population. However, in spite of th
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Corvallis where they were debearded
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Table 1. Effect of Palisade growth
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Variations on potential and harvest
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Determination of optimum desiccatio
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Relative seed yield (%)Flowers/m225
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Harvesting too soon after peak flow
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Annual ryegrass seed production in
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seed yield, kg/haExtractable Al, mg
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ReferencesHaby, V.A. (1995). Soil m
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Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L
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urn residue management (Fig. 1 and
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Comparing herbicide selectivity in
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Development of new tetraploid Chlor
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Following 4 (or 5) cycles of select
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Loch, D.S., Rethman, N.F.G. & van N
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KBGcocksfootHykorLofatimothymeadowf
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Figure 2 Relative seed yield (%) se
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and GA 4 . In consequence this inac
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Table 1 The effect of trinexapac-et
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Silberstein, T.B., Young, W.C. III,
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inflorescece number and seed yield
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Germination of Lolium multiflorum g
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Effect of sowing density on seed yi
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y-products of this grass seed crop
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Table 2. Effect of PGR on seed yiel
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Further culm length measurements ga
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chlorophyllometer. Measurements wer
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Table 2. Photosynthesis rate of fla
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Organization of grass seed research
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Path Coefficient and Ridge Regressi
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through y4 (0.133). Increasing y 1
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Newell G.J., Lee B. (1981)Ridge reg
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Relative humidity, seed moisture co
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Ergovaline contents in grasses from
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11.8 % (Central East) to 40.0% (Nor
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ReferencesBony, S. & Delatour, P. (
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Long-term Evaluation of Annual Ryeg
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seed yield. All systems of establis
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Preliminary results after four year
Page 255 and 256:
Casals, Marie-LaureFNAMSImpasse du
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Mao, PeishengForage Seed LabChina A
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Vanasche, DavidVanasche Farm36130 N
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