Texas, USA 2010 - International Herbage Seed Group

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Yang, C. and G. L. Anderson. 1999. Airborne videography to identify spatial plant growthvariability for grain sorghum. Precis. Agric. 1:67-79.Young III, W.C., T.B. Silberstein, T.G. Chastain, and J.S. Rowarth. 1998. The relationshipbetween applied nitrogen, nitrogen concentration in herbage and seed yield in perennial ryegrass(Lolium perenne L.). II. Cultivars in Oregon. J. of Applied <strong>Seed</strong> Production. 16:115-124.59
Modelling critical NDVI curves in perennial ryegrassR. Gislum & B. BoeltAarhus University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology,Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark.AbstractThe use of optical sensors to measure canopy reflectance and calculate crop index as e.g.normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is widely used in agricultural crops, but has sofar not been implemented in herbage seed production. The present study has the purpose todevelop a critical NDVI curve where the critical NDVI, defined as the minimum NDVI obtainedto achieve a high seed yield, will be modelled during the growing season. NDVI measurementswere made at different growing degree days (GDD) in a three year field experiment wheredifferent N application rates were applied. There was a clear maximum in the correlationcoefficient between seed yield and NDVI in the period from approximately 700 to 900 GDD. Atthis time there was an exponential relationship between NDVI and seed yield where highest seedyield were at NDVI ~0.9. Theoretically the farmers should aim for an NDVI of 0.9 and intervenein case of a lower NDVI, which means to apply more nitrogen (N). However, this might beimpossible in some years. From a practical point of view aims are therefore to obtain the highestNDVI as late as possible in the growing season and if NDVI has to increase this is done by anadditional N application at a time where the crop is able to take up and utilise the applied N.IntroductionCritical nitrogen (N) dilution curves (CNC) are defined as the critical plant N concentration atdifferent shoot biomasses levels (Lemaire & Gastal, 1997). If CNC can be linked to seed yield bydefining the minimum plant N concentration at different biomasses to give maximum yieldsuggests that N is the limiting factor to obtain a high seed yield. It is very appealing to introduceCNC in practical seed production as discussed by Gislum and Boelt (2009a). Besides a situationwhere N is not the only limiting factor to obtain a high seed yield the use of CNC is not forpractical agriculture in its present form. However, the concept of monitoring the crop during thegrowing season and intervene according to the result of the monitoring to achieve a high seedyield is great.The use of optical sensors measuring canopy reflectance and influx of light to calculate a cropindex e.g. normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), to predict final yield or for variablerateN fertilization is well known within agricultural. Raun et al. (2005) showed the possibility touse an optical sensor-based algorithm for N fertilization in winter wheat and discussed both theeffects on yield and the possibilities to decrease environmental contamination due to excessive Nfertilization. The environmental effects of using optical sensors to adjust N fertilization was60
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Proceedings of the 7th Internationa
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Table of ContentsORAL PRESENTATIONS
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Seed yield components and yield per
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International Herbage Seed Conferen
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16:15 - 16:30 Reliability of salini
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Hotel expense is covered for night
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40,000 were slaves (McDonald, 2007)
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Fig. 1. Texas AgriLife Research and
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$7 billion for cattle, $3 billion f
Page 19 and 20: principle and encourages both AgriL
Page 21 and 22: eceived by growers, the above perce
Page 23 and 24: seed conditioning plants are locate
Page 25 and 26: Table 4.Hectares of open-field burn
Page 27 and 28: system, a seed crop is produced fro
Page 29 and 30: Fig. 1. Land resource areas of Texa
Page 31 and 32: y land owners. Seed yields are low
Page 33 and 34: The influence of planting density o
Page 35 and 36: Simple correlation and regression a
Page 37 and 38: Variation in seed shattering in a g
Page 39 and 40: Seed retention (SR) was calculated
Page 41 and 42: mm160120Precipitation8040020Km h -1
Page 43 and 44: Young, B. A. (1986). A Source of Re
Page 45 and 46: Several methods are commonly used f
Page 47 and 48: Table 3. Effect of the length of ha
Page 49 and 50: Alfalfa seed production in semi-hum
Page 51 and 52: Rather near the meteorological stat
Page 53 and 54: ReferencesBolaños-Aguilar E.D., Hu
Page 55 and 56: ased bioenergy conversion plants wa
Page 57 and 58: Table 1. Average distances required
Page 59 and 60: Figure 1. Optimized locations for 1
Page 61 and 62: Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne
Page 63 and 64: Relative Seed Yieldsingle composite
Page 65 and 66: Flowers, M.D.; Hart, J.M.; Young II
Page 67 and 68: Thus, similar to tissue tests, remo
Page 69: Conclusion:Perhaps our most importa
Page 73 and 74: The five spectral reflectance measu
Page 75 and 76: Harvest loss in ryegrass seed crops
Page 77 and 78: Larger than expected harvest losses
Page 79 and 80: Rolston, P.; Trethewey, J.; McCloy,
Page 81 and 82: Optical sensors have the potential
Page 83 and 84: Figure 2. Seed yield response to ap
Page 85 and 86: Flowers, M. D., Hart, J.M., Young I
Page 87 and 88: In 2010, France has launched the fo
Page 89 and 90: Yield (% maximum)ConclusionThe resu
Page 91 and 92: Plant N uptakeN unavailableSoil nit
Page 93 and 94: Stresses associated with germinatio
Page 95 and 96: correspond to electrical conductivi
Page 97 and 98: applied later in the fall was more
Page 99 and 100: Figure 2. Establishment of five ove
Page 101 and 102: The seed vigour testing was perform
Page 103 and 104: Table 1. Germination index (GI) for
Page 105 and 106: Reliability of salinity screening L
Page 107 and 108: AcknowledgmentThis research was sup
Page 109 and 110: Table 2. Greenhouse salinity screen
Page 111 and 112: The seeds were collected from the A
Page 113 and 114: increases germination to its potent
Page 115 and 116: Light, lodging and flag leaves-what
Page 117 and 118: Relative seed yieldSeed yield (kg/h
Page 119 and 120: Hampton, J.G.; Clemence, T.G.A.; He
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The seed set is of major importance
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In grass species with poor seed ret
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support system to optimize fungicid
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weather stations in grass seed fiel
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ust resistance loci in Lolium peren
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Seed yield variation in a red clove
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100Seed yield plant -1 (g)806040200
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Marden, J. H. 1984. Remote percepti
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Crimson clover seed production in t
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Piper, C.V. 1935. Forage plants and
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deal of investigation into the caus
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genes and subsequent ability to pro
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Gatenby, W.A., S.C. Munday-Finch, A
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Control of Vulpia myuros in red fes
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The strip design provides an opport
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The pot experiments did not reveale
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CharacterWeed abundance1 A few plan
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Jensen, P. K. (2010) Longevity of s
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Effects of intraspecific competitio
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flowering, Gangi accumulated a high
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The seed yield of Gangi was, on ave
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Seed yield components and yield per
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ResultsVariation among populations
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Table 2. Means of total seeds per p
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Ryle, G. J. (1970). Partition of As
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Control of Apion trifolii in red cl
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Number of seeds /inflorescencesimil
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population. However, in spite of th
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Corvallis where they were debearded
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Table 1. Effect of Palisade growth
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Variations on potential and harvest
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Determination of optimum desiccatio
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Relative seed yield (%)Flowers/m225
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Harvesting too soon after peak flow
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Annual ryegrass seed production in
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seed yield, kg/haExtractable Al, mg
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ReferencesHaby, V.A. (1995). Soil m
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Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L
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urn residue management (Fig. 1 and
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Comparing herbicide selectivity in
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Development of new tetraploid Chlor
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Following 4 (or 5) cycles of select
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Loch, D.S., Rethman, N.F.G. & van N
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KBGcocksfootHykorLofatimothymeadowf
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Figure 2 Relative seed yield (%) se
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and GA 4 . In consequence this inac
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Table 1 The effect of trinexapac-et
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Silberstein, T.B., Young, W.C. III,
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inflorescece number and seed yield
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Germination of Lolium multiflorum g
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Effect of sowing density on seed yi
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y-products of this grass seed crop
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Table 2. Effect of PGR on seed yiel
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Further culm length measurements ga
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chlorophyllometer. Measurements wer
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Table 2. Photosynthesis rate of fla
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Organization of grass seed research
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Path Coefficient and Ridge Regressi
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through y4 (0.133). Increasing y 1
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Newell G.J., Lee B. (1981)Ridge reg
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Relative humidity, seed moisture co
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Ergovaline contents in grasses from
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11.8 % (Central East) to 40.0% (Nor
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ReferencesBony, S. & Delatour, P. (
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Long-term Evaluation of Annual Ryeg
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seed yield. All systems of establis
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Preliminary results after four year
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Casals, Marie-LaureFNAMSImpasse du
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Mao, PeishengForage Seed LabChina A
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Vanasche, DavidVanasche Farm36130 N
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Texas, USA 2010 - International Herbage Seed Group

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