Texas, USA 2010 - International Herbage Seed Group

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Methven (300 m asl). The sites were irrigated and managed by the grower for all inputs exceptfor nitrogen (N). The plant growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl was used at all trial sites usually at400 g ai/ha. Trials were grazed with sheep during winter and spring and closed for grazing at thebeginning of stem elongation (usually late September). Trial plots were 32 m 2 and with fourreplicates in a randomized block design.Applied N as urea was evaluated with rates increasing in 50 kg/ha increments usually coveringthe range of 0 to 250 kg N/ha. Spring N was applied as a split application with equal amounts ateach application, the first application at closing and the second application about two weekslater. At late seed fill (about 7 to 10 days before harvest) a 0.25m 2 quadrant was sampled fromeach plot for an assessment of crop mass and components of yield. Straw from this sample andseed after harvest were analyzed for N content at a commercial laboratory. N uptake by the crop(seed and straw) was calculated from this data.At harvest a 17 m 2 swath was cut from the centre of all plots with a modified plot windrower,and then harvested with a plot combine. Seed samples were machine dressed on a small-scaleair-screen separator to achieve a 1 st Generation seed purity standard. Cleaned plot samples wereweighed and converted to a yield per ha.Oregon. Between 1998 and 2009, eight replicated nitrogen rate experiments in perennialryegrass fields were evaluated in the Willamette Valley or low hills on the valley margin andnone were grazed. Plant growth regulator to decrease lodging was used at the discretion ofgrowers, but used at most sites after 2000. All sites had a nil treatment and increments ofapproximately 50 kg N/ha to a maximum of 200 to 350 kg N/ha. In 2007 and 2009, the plotswere located on Oregon State University‟s Hyslop Crop Science Farm, Corvallis; and the othersites were in grower fields, and except for addition of N, managed by growers.Either a single or split application of urea was made in grower fields to plots between 400 and800 GDD with a Gandy Orbit-air spreader. Plots were 6.2 m wide and 75 to 120 m long,allowing for harvest with grower equipment. Growers cut a single swath through the middle ofeach plot that dried and was then harvested with their combines on the same schedule held forthe field. Seed from each plot was transferred from the combine to a Brent Yield cart forweighing. A sub sample of seed from each plot was cleaned and the yield from the combineadjusted with this data.Plots at Hyslop were 50 m 2 . Treatments were swathed and after drying, a plot combine was usedto separate straw from seed. After the seed was weighed, a bulk sample was taken for cleaningusing a two-screen cleaner. Clean seed yield for each treatment was determined using thecleanout percentage from the bulk sample.Biomass, aboveground N accumulation, and yield components were determined from 30 cmsections of row by clipping all plant tissue above the soil surface after anthesis. Two or moresamples were collected for each treatment from random locations and combined to create a51
Relative Seed Yieldsingle composite sample. Composite samples were analyzed for dry biomass and whole-plant Nconcentration. Relative seed yield was calculated with the highest treatment value for a trial setat 100%.ResultsPerennial ryegrass seed yield increased with N uptake until the aboveground plant content was143 kg/ha (Figure 1). The average seed yield response in the linear response phase was 3.7 and5. 6 kg seed/kg N for NZ and ORs respectively, reflecting the higher mineral N level of NZ sites.N uptake beyond need for seed yield is stored in straw. Straw N concentration commonlydoubles from 10 to 20 mg/kg while seed N remains constant within range 20 to 24 mg/kg.The range of mean seed yield for a location was 1700 to 3000 kg/ha in Canterbury, NZ and 1400to 2300 kg/ha in the Willamette Valley, OR. In the Canterbury area, the average perennialryegrass seed yield with nil N was approximately 1600 kg/ha compared to only 1200 kg/ha in theWillamette Valley, OR. These differences likely reflect soil N contribution of approximately100 kg/ha in New Zealand compared to only 60 kg/ha in Oregon (Hart et al 2007).Crops in the Willamette Valley, OR produced more aboveground harvest biomass, 11,000 to16,000 kg/ha compared to 9,000 to 15,000 kg/ha in Canterbury Area, NZ. The abovegroundbiomass mean of all nil N treatments was similar in both areas, between 8 and 9,000 kg/ha.1201008060402000 100 200 300 400N Uptake (kg ha -1 )Figure 1. Relative seed yield and ryegrass N uptake from nine New Zealand (o) and eight Oregon trials(*). Critical N uptake (--) calculated at 143 kg N ha-1 (Cate-Nelson 1971).52
Page 1 and 2:
Proceedings of the 7th Internationa
Page 3 and 4:
Table of ContentsORAL PRESENTATIONS
Page 5 and 6:
Seed yield components and yield per
Page 7 and 8:
International Herbage Seed Conferen
Page 9 and 10:
16:15 - 16:30 Reliability of salini
Page 11 and 12: Hotel expense is covered for night
Page 13 and 14: 40,000 were slaves (McDonald, 2007)
Page 15 and 16: Fig. 1. Texas AgriLife Research and
Page 17 and 18: $7 billion for cattle, $3 billion f
Page 19 and 20: principle and encourages both AgriL
Page 21 and 22: eceived by growers, the above perce
Page 23 and 24: seed conditioning plants are locate
Page 25 and 26: Table 4.Hectares of open-field burn
Page 27 and 28: system, a seed crop is produced fro
Page 29 and 30: Fig. 1. Land resource areas of Texa
Page 31 and 32: y land owners. Seed yields are low
Page 33 and 34: The influence of planting density o
Page 35 and 36: Simple correlation and regression a
Page 37 and 38: Variation in seed shattering in a g
Page 39 and 40: Seed retention (SR) was calculated
Page 41 and 42: mm160120Precipitation8040020Km h -1
Page 43 and 44: Young, B. A. (1986). A Source of Re
Page 45 and 46: Several methods are commonly used f
Page 47 and 48: Table 3. Effect of the length of ha
Page 49 and 50: Alfalfa seed production in semi-hum
Page 51 and 52: Rather near the meteorological stat
Page 53 and 54: ReferencesBolaños-Aguilar E.D., Hu
Page 55 and 56: ased bioenergy conversion plants wa
Page 57 and 58: Table 1. Average distances required
Page 59 and 60: Figure 1. Optimized locations for 1
Page 61: Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne
Page 65 and 66: Flowers, M.D.; Hart, J.M.; Young II
Page 67 and 68: Thus, similar to tissue tests, remo
Page 69 and 70: Conclusion:Perhaps our most importa
Page 71 and 72: Modelling critical NDVI curves in p
Page 73 and 74: The five spectral reflectance measu
Page 75 and 76: Harvest loss in ryegrass seed crops
Page 77 and 78: Larger than expected harvest losses
Page 79 and 80: Rolston, P.; Trethewey, J.; McCloy,
Page 81 and 82: Optical sensors have the potential
Page 83 and 84: Figure 2. Seed yield response to ap
Page 85 and 86: Flowers, M. D., Hart, J.M., Young I
Page 87 and 88: In 2010, France has launched the fo
Page 89 and 90: Yield (% maximum)ConclusionThe resu
Page 91 and 92: Plant N uptakeN unavailableSoil nit
Page 93 and 94: Stresses associated with germinatio
Page 95 and 96: correspond to electrical conductivi
Page 97 and 98: applied later in the fall was more
Page 99 and 100: Figure 2. Establishment of five ove
Page 101 and 102: The seed vigour testing was perform
Page 103 and 104: Table 1. Germination index (GI) for
Page 105 and 106: Reliability of salinity screening L
Page 107 and 108: AcknowledgmentThis research was sup
Page 109 and 110: Table 2. Greenhouse salinity screen
Page 111 and 112: The seeds were collected from the A
Page 113 and 114:
increases germination to its potent
Page 115 and 116:
Light, lodging and flag leaves-what
Page 117 and 118:
Relative seed yieldSeed yield (kg/h
Page 119 and 120:
Hampton, J.G.; Clemence, T.G.A.; He
Page 121 and 122:
The seed set is of major importance
Page 123 and 124:
In grass species with poor seed ret
Page 125 and 126:
support system to optimize fungicid
Page 127 and 128:
weather stations in grass seed fiel
Page 129 and 130:
ust resistance loci in Lolium peren
Page 131 and 132:
Seed yield variation in a red clove
Page 133 and 134:
100Seed yield plant -1 (g)806040200
Page 135 and 136:
Marden, J. H. 1984. Remote percepti
Page 137 and 138:
Crimson clover seed production in t
Page 139 and 140:
Piper, C.V. 1935. Forage plants and
Page 141 and 142:
deal of investigation into the caus
Page 143 and 144:
genes and subsequent ability to pro
Page 145 and 146:
Gatenby, W.A., S.C. Munday-Finch, A
Page 147 and 148:
Control of Vulpia myuros in red fes
Page 149 and 150:
The strip design provides an opport
Page 151 and 152:
The pot experiments did not reveale
Page 153 and 154:
CharacterWeed abundance1 A few plan
Page 155 and 156:
Jensen, P. K. (2010) Longevity of s
Page 157 and 158:
Effects of intraspecific competitio
Page 159 and 160:
flowering, Gangi accumulated a high
Page 161 and 162:
The seed yield of Gangi was, on ave
Page 163 and 164:
Seed yield components and yield per
Page 165 and 166:
ResultsVariation among populations
Page 167 and 168:
Table 2. Means of total seeds per p
Page 169 and 170:
Ryle, G. J. (1970). Partition of As
Page 171 and 172:
Control of Apion trifolii in red cl
Page 173 and 174:
Number of seeds /inflorescencesimil
Page 175 and 176:
population. However, in spite of th
Page 177 and 178:
Corvallis where they were debearded
Page 179 and 180:
Table 1. Effect of Palisade growth
Page 181 and 182:
Variations on potential and harvest
Page 183 and 184:
Determination of optimum desiccatio
Page 185 and 186:
Relative seed yield (%)Flowers/m225
Page 187 and 188:
Harvesting too soon after peak flow
Page 189 and 190:
Annual ryegrass seed production in
Page 191 and 192:
seed yield, kg/haExtractable Al, mg
Page 193 and 194:
ReferencesHaby, V.A. (1995). Soil m
Page 195 and 196:
Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L
Page 197 and 198:
urn residue management (Fig. 1 and
Page 199 and 200:
Comparing herbicide selectivity in
Page 201 and 202:
Development of new tetraploid Chlor
Page 203 and 204:
Following 4 (or 5) cycles of select
Page 205 and 206:
Loch, D.S., Rethman, N.F.G. & van N
Page 207 and 208:
KBGcocksfootHykorLofatimothymeadowf
Page 209 and 210:
Figure 2 Relative seed yield (%) se
Page 211 and 212:
and GA 4 . In consequence this inac
Page 213 and 214:
Table 1 The effect of trinexapac-et
Page 215 and 216:
Silberstein, T.B., Young, W.C. III,
Page 217 and 218:
inflorescece number and seed yield
Page 219 and 220:
Germination of Lolium multiflorum g
Page 221 and 222:
Effect of sowing density on seed yi
Page 223 and 224:
y-products of this grass seed crop
Page 225 and 226:
Table 2. Effect of PGR on seed yiel
Page 227 and 228:
Further culm length measurements ga
Page 229 and 230:
chlorophyllometer. Measurements wer
Page 231 and 232:
Table 2. Photosynthesis rate of fla
Page 233 and 234:
Organization of grass seed research
Page 235 and 236:
Path Coefficient and Ridge Regressi
Page 237 and 238:
through y4 (0.133). Increasing y 1
Page 239 and 240:
Newell G.J., Lee B. (1981)Ridge reg
Page 241 and 242:
Relative humidity, seed moisture co
Page 243 and 244:
Ergovaline contents in grasses from
Page 245 and 246:
11.8 % (Central East) to 40.0% (Nor
Page 247 and 248:
ReferencesBony, S. & Delatour, P. (
Page 249 and 250:
Long-term Evaluation of Annual Ryeg
Page 251 and 252:
seed yield. All systems of establis
Page 253 and 254:
Preliminary results after four year
Page 255 and 256:
Casals, Marie-LaureFNAMSImpasse du
Page 257 and 258:
Mao, PeishengForage Seed LabChina A
Page 259 and 260:
Vanasche, DavidVanasche Farm36130 N
show all

Texas, USA 2010 - International Herbage Seed Group

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?