Texas, USA 2010 - International Herbage Seed Group

Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L) seed crop response to spring nitrogen:a comparison of New Zealand and Oregon resultsM.P. Rolston 1 , J.M. Hart 2 , B. McCloy 3 , R. Chynoweth 41 AgResearch Lincoln Research Centre, Private Bag 4749, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand2 Crop and Soil Science Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA3 NZ Arable, PO Box 16-101, Christchurch, New Zealand4 Foundation for Arable Research, Lincoln, PO Box 80, Lincoln 7640, New ZealandAbstractNitrogen (N) uptake and seed yield from eight site years in Oregon (OR) and nine locations inNew Zealand (NZ) are compared. The production systems between the two regions are verydifferent. Despite these differences, a striking similarity exists between the OR and NZ data sets.Using a Cate-Nelson technique for data separation, the N content above which yield was notlimited by N was 143 kg/ha.IntroductionCharacterizing N uptake by ryegrass seed crops is necessary to develop prediction models forspring N application. The ability for a prediction model to be useful in differing productionregions is dependent on factors including similarities or differences in plant N uptake. Productionsystems and environments between the main ryegrass seed production regions of New Zealand(NZ) and Oregon (OR) are very different.In the Canterbury area, NZ, the 600 to 800 mm of rainfall is received uniformly throughout theyear. In contrast, the 1000 to 1200 mm of rain falling in the Willamette Valley of OR is primarilyreceived from mid-autumn to mid-spring. To supplement rainfall in Canterbury, NZ,approximately two-thirds of the area producing perennial ryegrass seed is irrigated compared toless than five percent of the area in the Willamette Valley, OR. The first year seed crops inCanterbury, NZ reach spikelet initiation at approximately 520 GDD (Growing Degree Days base0 o C) from July 1 where spikelet initiation in first or second year crops in the Willamette Valley,OR occurs at approximately 370 GDD from January 1. The forage seed varieties grown inCanterbury, NZ are routinely grazed and the predominantly turf varieties grown in theWillamette Valley, OR are rarely grazed.This paper compares N uptake data and seed yield from N rate trials in NZ and Oregon forageand turf perennial ryegrass and discusses utility of the data for prediction of spring N rate inperennial ryegrass seed production.MethodsNew Zealand. Nine N rate, seed yield response trials in grower fields were undertaken from2006/07 to 2008/09 in Canterbury and mostly in two districts; Ashburton, coastal (30 m asl); and50