Texas, USA 2010 - International Herbage Seed Group

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Figure 2. Optimized locations for 100 million kg y -1 capacity bioenergy plants based on 3-yr average straw availability. Symbols indicatequantiles of range required to supply straw, with asterisks, stars, crosses, triangles, and circles denoting 8 to 15, 15 to 19, 19 to 28, 28 to 46, and 46to 488 km. County boundaries are outlined.49
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L) seed crop response to spring nitrogen:a comparison of New Zealand and Oregon resultsM.P. Rolston 1 , J.M. Hart 2 , B. McCloy 3 , R. Chynoweth 41 AgResearch Lincoln Research Centre, Private Bag 4749, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand2 Crop and Soil Science Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, <strong>USA</strong>3 NZ Arable, PO Box 16-101, Christchurch, New Zealand4 Foundation for Arable Research, Lincoln, PO Box 80, Lincoln 7640, New ZealandAbstractNitrogen (N) uptake and seed yield from eight site years in Oregon (OR) and nine locations inNew Zealand (NZ) are compared. The production systems between the two regions are verydifferent. Despite these differences, a striking similarity exists between the OR and NZ data sets.Using a Cate-Nelson technique for data separation, the N content above which yield was notlimited by N was 143 kg/ha.IntroductionCharacterizing N uptake by ryegrass seed crops is necessary to develop prediction models forspring N application. The ability for a prediction model to be useful in differing productionregions is dependent on factors including similarities or differences in plant N uptake. Productionsystems and environments between the main ryegrass seed production regions of New Zealand(NZ) and Oregon (OR) are very different.In the Canterbury area, NZ, the 600 to 800 mm of rainfall is received uniformly throughout theyear. In contrast, the 1000 to 1200 mm of rain falling in the Willamette Valley of OR is primarilyreceived from mid-autumn to mid-spring. To supplement rainfall in Canterbury, NZ,approximately two-thirds of the area producing perennial ryegrass seed is irrigated compared toless than five percent of the area in the Willamette Valley, OR. The first year seed crops inCanterbury, NZ reach spikelet initiation at approximately 520 GDD (Growing Degree Days base0 o C) from July 1 where spikelet initiation in first or second year crops in the Willamette Valley,OR occurs at approximately 370 GDD from January 1. The forage seed varieties grown inCanterbury, NZ are routinely grazed and the predominantly turf varieties grown in theWillamette Valley, OR are rarely grazed.This paper compares N uptake data and seed yield from N rate trials in NZ and Oregon forageand turf perennial ryegrass and discusses utility of the data for prediction of spring N rate inperennial ryegrass seed production.MethodsNew Zealand. Nine N rate, seed yield response trials in grower fields were undertaken from2006/07 to 2008/09 in Canterbury and mostly in two districts; Ashburton, coastal (30 m asl); and50
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Proceedings of the 7th Internationa
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Table of ContentsORAL PRESENTATIONS
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Seed yield components and yield per
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International Herbage Seed Conferen
Page 9 and 10: 16:15 - 16:30 Reliability of salini
Page 11 and 12: Hotel expense is covered for night
Page 13 and 14: 40,000 were slaves (McDonald, 2007)
Page 15 and 16: Fig. 1. Texas AgriLife Research and
Page 17 and 18: $7 billion for cattle, $3 billion f
Page 19 and 20: principle and encourages both AgriL
Page 21 and 22: eceived by growers, the above perce
Page 23 and 24: seed conditioning plants are locate
Page 25 and 26: Table 4.Hectares of open-field burn
Page 27 and 28: system, a seed crop is produced fro
Page 29 and 30: Fig. 1. Land resource areas of Texa
Page 31 and 32: y land owners. Seed yields are low
Page 33 and 34: The influence of planting density o
Page 35 and 36: Simple correlation and regression a
Page 37 and 38: Variation in seed shattering in a g
Page 39 and 40: Seed retention (SR) was calculated
Page 41 and 42: mm160120Precipitation8040020Km h -1
Page 43 and 44: Young, B. A. (1986). A Source of Re
Page 45 and 46: Several methods are commonly used f
Page 47 and 48: Table 3. Effect of the length of ha
Page 49 and 50: Alfalfa seed production in semi-hum
Page 51 and 52: Rather near the meteorological stat
Page 53 and 54: ReferencesBolaños-Aguilar E.D., Hu
Page 55 and 56: ased bioenergy conversion plants wa
Page 57 and 58: Table 1. Average distances required
Page 59: Figure 1. Optimized locations for 1
Page 63 and 64: Relative Seed Yieldsingle composite
Page 65 and 66: Flowers, M.D.; Hart, J.M.; Young II
Page 67 and 68: Thus, similar to tissue tests, remo
Page 69 and 70: Conclusion:Perhaps our most importa
Page 71 and 72: Modelling critical NDVI curves in p
Page 73 and 74: The five spectral reflectance measu
Page 75 and 76: Harvest loss in ryegrass seed crops
Page 77 and 78: Larger than expected harvest losses
Page 79 and 80: Rolston, P.; Trethewey, J.; McCloy,
Page 81 and 82: Optical sensors have the potential
Page 83 and 84: Figure 2. Seed yield response to ap
Page 85 and 86: Flowers, M. D., Hart, J.M., Young I
Page 87 and 88: In 2010, France has launched the fo
Page 89 and 90: Yield (% maximum)ConclusionThe resu
Page 91 and 92: Plant N uptakeN unavailableSoil nit
Page 93 and 94: Stresses associated with germinatio
Page 95 and 96: correspond to electrical conductivi
Page 97 and 98: applied later in the fall was more
Page 99 and 100: Figure 2. Establishment of five ove
Page 101 and 102: The seed vigour testing was perform
Page 103 and 104: Table 1. Germination index (GI) for
Page 105 and 106: Reliability of salinity screening L
Page 107 and 108: AcknowledgmentThis research was sup
Page 109 and 110: Table 2. Greenhouse salinity screen
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The seeds were collected from the A
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increases germination to its potent
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Light, lodging and flag leaves-what
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Relative seed yieldSeed yield (kg/h
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Hampton, J.G.; Clemence, T.G.A.; He
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The seed set is of major importance
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In grass species with poor seed ret
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support system to optimize fungicid
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weather stations in grass seed fiel
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ust resistance loci in Lolium peren
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Seed yield variation in a red clove
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100Seed yield plant -1 (g)806040200
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Marden, J. H. 1984. Remote percepti
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Crimson clover seed production in t
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Piper, C.V. 1935. Forage plants and
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deal of investigation into the caus
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genes and subsequent ability to pro
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Gatenby, W.A., S.C. Munday-Finch, A
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Control of Vulpia myuros in red fes
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The strip design provides an opport
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The pot experiments did not reveale
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CharacterWeed abundance1 A few plan
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Jensen, P. K. (2010) Longevity of s
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Effects of intraspecific competitio
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flowering, Gangi accumulated a high
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The seed yield of Gangi was, on ave
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Seed yield components and yield per
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ResultsVariation among populations
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Table 2. Means of total seeds per p
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Ryle, G. J. (1970). Partition of As
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Control of Apion trifolii in red cl
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Number of seeds /inflorescencesimil
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population. However, in spite of th
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Corvallis where they were debearded
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Table 1. Effect of Palisade growth
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Variations on potential and harvest
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Determination of optimum desiccatio
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Relative seed yield (%)Flowers/m225
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Harvesting too soon after peak flow
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Annual ryegrass seed production in
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seed yield, kg/haExtractable Al, mg
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ReferencesHaby, V.A. (1995). Soil m
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Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L
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urn residue management (Fig. 1 and
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Comparing herbicide selectivity in
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Development of new tetraploid Chlor
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Following 4 (or 5) cycles of select
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Loch, D.S., Rethman, N.F.G. & van N
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KBGcocksfootHykorLofatimothymeadowf
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Figure 2 Relative seed yield (%) se
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and GA 4 . In consequence this inac
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Table 1 The effect of trinexapac-et
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Silberstein, T.B., Young, W.C. III,
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inflorescece number and seed yield
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Germination of Lolium multiflorum g
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Effect of sowing density on seed yi
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y-products of this grass seed crop
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Table 2. Effect of PGR on seed yiel
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Further culm length measurements ga
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chlorophyllometer. Measurements wer
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Table 2. Photosynthesis rate of fla
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Organization of grass seed research
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Path Coefficient and Ridge Regressi
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through y4 (0.133). Increasing y 1
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Newell G.J., Lee B. (1981)Ridge reg
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Relative humidity, seed moisture co
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Ergovaline contents in grasses from
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11.8 % (Central East) to 40.0% (Nor
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ReferencesBony, S. & Delatour, P. (
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Long-term Evaluation of Annual Ryeg
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seed yield. All systems of establis
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Preliminary results after four year
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Casals, Marie-LaureFNAMSImpasse du
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Mao, PeishengForage Seed LabChina A
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Vanasche, DavidVanasche Farm36130 N
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Texas, USA 2010 - International Herbage Seed Group

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