Texas, USA 2010 - International Herbage Seed Group

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the 4th International Neotyphodium/Grass Interactions Symposium, Soest, Germany:31-39.Saha, D. C., Jackson, M. A. & Johnson-Cicalese, J. M. (1988). A rapid staining method fordetection of endophyte fungi in turf and forage grasses. The AmericanPhytopathological Society, No. 2, Vol. 78: 237-239Siegel, M.R., Latch, G.C.M. & Johnes, M.C. (1985). Acremonium fungal endophytes of TallFescue and Perennial ryegrass: significance and control. Plant Dis. 69/2: 179183.Welty, R.E. & Rennie, W.J. (1985). ISTA Handbook on seed health testing, Working sheetNo. 55: Grasses, Endophyte. International Seed Testing Association, Zurich,Switzerland: 1-4.Wiewióra, B., Prończuk, M. & Ostrowska, A. (2006). Infekcja nasion traw przez endofity wkolejnych latach użytkowania plantacji. Biul IHAR 242: 285-293.Wiewióra, B., Prończuk, M., Ostrowska, A. & Żurek, G. (2008). Endophyte occurrence inbreeding strains of meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) cv. „PASJA‟.Phytopatologia Polonica 46: 5 – 11.Zabalgogeazcoa, I. & Bony, S. (2005). Neotyphodium research and application in Europe.Neotyphodium in cool-season grasses. Blackwell Publ. 27-33.237
Long-term Evaluation of Annual Ryegrass Cropping Systems for SeedProductionM.E. Mellbye, W.C. Young III, and C.J. GarbacikDepartment of Crop and Soil ScienceOregon State UniversityCorvallis, OR. USA 97331-3002mark.mellbye@oregonstate.eduAbstractA long-term field trial was established in 2005 to evaluate the economics of reduced tillagesystems in continuous annual ryegrass seed production, and to measure their impact on soilproperties. In Oregon, a majority of the annual ryegrass seed crop acreage is managed withconventional tillage and planting systems. Preliminary results after four years indicate that alternatinga conventional tillage system with a no-till or volunteer method of establishment can provideseed yields comparable to continuous conventional tillage, but at a lower cost of production.Seed yields under continuous no-till production were the lowest among treatments to date due toslug damage. Soil carbon levels in the 0-20 cm depth were comparable among treatments, but inthe continuous no-till system stratification of soil carbon was observed. This study demonstratedthat there are alternatives to annual conventional tillage that reduce costs while maintaining seedyields.IntroductionAnnual or Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is grown on approximately 50.000 ha inthe southern Willamette Valley of Oregon. Production has occurred mostly on soils too poorlydrained for cereal and vegetable crops, and on soils less productive than needed for higher valueperennial grass and clover seed crops. This lead to systems of continuous seed production ofannual ryegrass, and some fields have been in production for over 40 years without any croprotation.Annual ryegrass seed production systems have changed significantly from the time when openfield burning and no-till planting was a common and important practice. Prior to the 1990, over50% of the acreage was open field burned. In recent years, only about 20% of the acreage wasopen field burned. Legislation in 2009 further restricted burning in Oregon and essentiallyeliminated open field burning for annual ryegrass seed production.Currently, a majority of the annual ryegrass seed crop acreage is successfully managed with conventionaltillage and planting systems. However, the cost of tillage is expensive; thus, alternativeno-till and volunteer systems are being tested and used. In the volunteer system, a seed crop isproduced from seed shattered from the previous crop and is essentially a no-till and no-plantsystem of production for un-certified seed production (less than 5% of Oregon annual ryegrass iscertified). In the volunteer system, grazing and strip or row spraying with herbicides are used tocontrol stand density. When no-till planting is used, a sprout of volunteers and weed seeds arefirst sprayed with glyphosate herbicide. These systems offer a way to reduce tillage and fuelexpenses, and reduce concerns about dust and air quality. Previous field work demonstrated thatseed yields under the volunteer and no-till systems decline significantly over time if used more238
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Proceedings of the 7th Internationa
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Table of ContentsORAL PRESENTATIONS
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Seed yield components and yield per
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International Herbage Seed Conferen
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16:15 - 16:30 Reliability of salini
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Hotel expense is covered for night
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40,000 were slaves (McDonald, 2007)
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Fig. 1. Texas AgriLife Research and
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$7 billion for cattle, $3 billion f
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principle and encourages both AgriL
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eceived by growers, the above perce
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seed conditioning plants are locate
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Table 4.Hectares of open-field burn
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system, a seed crop is produced fro
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Fig. 1. Land resource areas of Texa
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y land owners. Seed yields are low
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The influence of planting density o
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Simple correlation and regression a
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Variation in seed shattering in a g
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Seed retention (SR) was calculated
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mm160120Precipitation8040020Km h -1
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Young, B. A. (1986). A Source of Re
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Several methods are commonly used f
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Table 3. Effect of the length of ha
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Alfalfa seed production in semi-hum
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Rather near the meteorological stat
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ReferencesBolaños-Aguilar E.D., Hu
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ased bioenergy conversion plants wa
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Table 1. Average distances required
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Figure 1. Optimized locations for 1
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Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne
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Relative Seed Yieldsingle composite
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Flowers, M.D.; Hart, J.M.; Young II
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Thus, similar to tissue tests, remo
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Conclusion:Perhaps our most importa
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Modelling critical NDVI curves in p
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The five spectral reflectance measu
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Harvest loss in ryegrass seed crops
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Larger than expected harvest losses
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Rolston, P.; Trethewey, J.; McCloy,
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Optical sensors have the potential
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Figure 2. Seed yield response to ap
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Flowers, M. D., Hart, J.M., Young I
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In 2010, France has launched the fo
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Yield (% maximum)ConclusionThe resu
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Plant N uptakeN unavailableSoil nit
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Stresses associated with germinatio
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correspond to electrical conductivi
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applied later in the fall was more
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Figure 2. Establishment of five ove
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The seed vigour testing was perform
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Table 1. Germination index (GI) for
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Reliability of salinity screening L
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AcknowledgmentThis research was sup
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Table 2. Greenhouse salinity screen
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The seeds were collected from the A
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increases germination to its potent
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Light, lodging and flag leaves-what
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Relative seed yieldSeed yield (kg/h
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Hampton, J.G.; Clemence, T.G.A.; He
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The seed set is of major importance
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In grass species with poor seed ret
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support system to optimize fungicid
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weather stations in grass seed fiel
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ust resistance loci in Lolium peren
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Seed yield variation in a red clove
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100Seed yield plant -1 (g)806040200
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Marden, J. H. 1984. Remote percepti
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Crimson clover seed production in t
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Piper, C.V. 1935. Forage plants and
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deal of investigation into the caus
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genes and subsequent ability to pro
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Gatenby, W.A., S.C. Munday-Finch, A
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Control of Vulpia myuros in red fes
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The strip design provides an opport
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The pot experiments did not reveale
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CharacterWeed abundance1 A few plan
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Jensen, P. K. (2010) Longevity of s
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Effects of intraspecific competitio
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flowering, Gangi accumulated a high
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The seed yield of Gangi was, on ave
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Seed yield components and yield per
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ResultsVariation among populations
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Table 2. Means of total seeds per p
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Ryle, G. J. (1970). Partition of As
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Control of Apion trifolii in red cl
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Number of seeds /inflorescencesimil
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population. However, in spite of th
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Corvallis where they were debearded
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Table 1. Effect of Palisade growth
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Variations on potential and harvest
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Determination of optimum desiccatio
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Relative seed yield (%)Flowers/m225
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Harvesting too soon after peak flow
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Annual ryegrass seed production in
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seed yield, kg/haExtractable Al, mg
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ReferencesHaby, V.A. (1995). Soil m
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Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L
Page 197 and 198: urn residue management (Fig. 1 and
Page 199 and 200: Comparing herbicide selectivity in
Page 201 and 202: Development of new tetraploid Chlor
Page 203 and 204: Following 4 (or 5) cycles of select
Page 205 and 206: Loch, D.S., Rethman, N.F.G. & van N
Page 207 and 208: KBGcocksfootHykorLofatimothymeadowf
Page 209 and 210: Figure 2 Relative seed yield (%) se
Page 211 and 212: and GA 4 . In consequence this inac
Page 213 and 214: Table 1 The effect of trinexapac-et
Page 215 and 216: Silberstein, T.B., Young, W.C. III,
Page 217 and 218: inflorescece number and seed yield
Page 219 and 220: Germination of Lolium multiflorum g
Page 221 and 222: Effect of sowing density on seed yi
Page 223 and 224: y-products of this grass seed crop
Page 225 and 226: Table 2. Effect of PGR on seed yiel
Page 227 and 228: Further culm length measurements ga
Page 229 and 230: chlorophyllometer. Measurements wer
Page 231 and 232: Table 2. Photosynthesis rate of fla
Page 233 and 234: Organization of grass seed research
Page 235 and 236: Path Coefficient and Ridge Regressi
Page 237 and 238: through y4 (0.133). Increasing y 1
Page 239 and 240: Newell G.J., Lee B. (1981)Ridge reg
Page 241 and 242: Relative humidity, seed moisture co
Page 243 and 244: Ergovaline contents in grasses from
Page 245 and 246: 11.8 % (Central East) to 40.0% (Nor
Page 247: ReferencesBony, S. & Delatour, P. (
Page 251 and 252: seed yield. All systems of establis
Page 253 and 254: Preliminary results after four year
Page 255 and 256: Casals, Marie-LaureFNAMSImpasse du
Page 257 and 258: Mao, PeishengForage Seed LabChina A
Page 259 and 260: Vanasche, DavidVanasche Farm36130 N
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